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Second part of The Three Pashas series:
Djemal Pasha (1872 –1922)
Ahmed Djemal Pasha (in Turkish: Ahmet Cemal Paşa), was one of the “Three Pashas”, a triumvirate of senior officials who ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and also Minister of the Navy and the Mayor of Istanbul. In 1911, he was appointed Governor of Baghdad and promoted to colonel in 1912, playing a significant role in the Second Balkan War, becoming commander of Constantinople and minister of public works. At the beginning of WWI, he was promoted to Minister of the Navy. After trying to create a failed alliance with France, sided with the other Pashas, Enver and Talaat, that favoured the German side, taking full control of the Empire in 1913. Promoted Governor of Syria in 1915, he commanded the Fourth Army, and seemingly tried to make peace with France. Within the end of the war, Djemal fled to Germany, and then Switzerland. A military court in Turkey accused Djemal of persecuting Arab subjects of the Empire, and sentenced him to death in absentia. Due to the success of the Bolshevik Revolution, Djemal travelled to Tiflis to act as a military liaison officer to negotiate over Afghanistan with the Soviets. Together with his secretary he was assassinated on 21 July 1922 by three men as part of Operation Nemesis, in retribution for his role in the Armenian Genocide. Djemal’s involvement in the Armenian Genocide is still a subject of controversy.
#historiansunion #colored #colorized #colourised #colorization #colourisation #color #colour #history #ww1 #wwi #worldwarone #greatwar #thegreatwar #ww2 #wwii #worldwartwo #military #war #allies #djemalpasha #turkey #ottomanempire #threepashas #thethreepashas
Who is Helping Give Out Half a Million Free Books Across America on April 23rd? Hayward Volunteers Are!
On April 23, 2013, 25,000 volunteers from Hayward to Hartford and Sitka to Sarasota will give away half a million free books in more than 6,000 towns and cities across the country.
World Book Night U.S. is an ambitious campaign to give thousands of free, specially printed paperbacks to light or nonreaders across America on one day. Volunteer book lovers help promote reading by going out into their communities and sharing free copies of books they love. The mission of World Book Night is to seek out those without the means or access to printed books.
Some of the volunteers in our community will be picking up their books at the Hayward Public Library and The Book Shop and sharing them in locations as diverse as hospitals, mass transit, nursing homes, schools, food pantries, and more. The Hayward Public Library and the Book Shop are proud to be partners in World Book Night U.S. for a second year. On April 23, approximately 30 Hayward Public Library volunteers will be distributing 340 copies of The Language of Flowers, the April 2013 selection of the library’s Mostly Literary Fiction Book Group. “I found this book so emotionally compelling that I felt inspired to get involved with World Book Night as a volunteer book giver,” said book group member Cheryl Zuur, a longtime resident of Hayward.
The novel is based in San Francisco, and tells the story of an 18-year-old girl who has aged out of the foster care system, and is struggling to gain her independence. In addition to distributing books to non-regular readers in Hayward, volunteers will raise awareness of the challenges facing foster youth, encouraging local residents to help foster youth get on a path towards independence. Raising awareness about foster youth is an example of the Hayward Library’s Book-to-Action program, which links the reading of a book with a civic engagement project. Among the organizations they will encourage local support for is the national Camellia Network (camellianetwork.org/ ), co-founded by author Vanessa Diffenbaugh, to “connect every youth aging out of foster care to the critical resources, opportunities, and support they need to thrive in adulthood.” Hayward resident and book group member Lynn Roberts will be among the Hayward Library’s volunteer book givers. She is a Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) for foster youth. “I read The Language of Flowers in practically one sitting, finding it very absorbing. For someone interested in the subject of foster youth, the book is a real page turner.”
“Last year we organized local residents to get involved with World Book Night, with great success. Hayward readers are enthusiastic to get behind the mission of World Book Night in spreading the love of reading, person to person,” said librarian Sally Thomas, who leads the Mostly Literary Fiction Book Group. “We are excited to have the opportunity to host bestselling author Vanessa Diffenbaugh at the library on Saturday, August 17, and will encourage book recipients and community members to attend this special event.” Thomas will lead a follow-up book discussion at the Hayward Library on Monday, June 3, at 6:30, and invites anyone who has read the book to participate.
The Hayward Public Library and The Book Shop held a pre-World Book Night reception on Thursday, April 18, to welcome Hayward book givers. City of Hayward Mayor Michael Sweeney and Assemblyman Bill Quirk attended the event to thank and congratulate book givers, and cheer them on. Next Tuesday, the mayor will present a proclamation in honor of World Book Night at the City Council meeting, which starts at 7 pm. Book givers and community members are invited to attend, to celebrate local book givers.
Bestselling authors Ann Patchett and James Patterson are this year’s honorary chair-people for World Book Night. James Patterson said: “In my experience, when people like what they are doing, they do more of it. This is the genius of World Book Night — it gets people reading by connecting them with amazing, enjoyable books. I’m honored to be a part of it.”
“I’m very proud to be a part of World Book Night,” Ann Patchett added. “As both a writer and a bookseller, I’m all in favor of getting books into the hands of people who might not otherwise have access to them.”
The books were chosen by an independent panel of booksellers and librarians through several rounds of voting. The printing of the free books was possible due to generosity of the authors, publishers, and book manufacturing companies.
Although it is too late to be an individual giver this year, those interested in participating in the future can sign up for the WBN mailing list for news and updates on World Book Night 2014. The free WBN editions are not available at the Hayward Public Library or Book Shop any time, except for the WBN volunteers to take into the community, but we will be displaying the books in their regular editions all spring.
The 30 World Book Night U.S. titles for 2013, alphabetical by author, are:
* The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood (Anchor Books/Random House)
* City of Thieves, David Benioff (Plume/Penguin Group (USA))
* Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury (Simon & Schuster Paperbacks)
* My Antonia, Willa Cather (Dover)
* Girl with a Pearl Earring, Tracy Chevalier (Plume/Penguin Group (USA))
* The House on Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros (Vintage/Random House)
* La casa en Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros; translated by Elena Poniatowska (Vintage Español/Random House)
* The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho (HarperOne/HarperCollins)
* El Alquimista, Paulo Coelho (Rayo/HarperCollins)
* The Language of Flowers, Vanessa Diffenbaugh (Ballantine Books/Random House)
* The Worst Hard Time, Timothy Egan (Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)
* Bossypants, Tina Fey (Reagan Arthur/Back Bay Books)
* Good Omens, Neil Gaiman & Terry Pratchett (William Morrow Paperbacks/HarperCollins)
* Still Alice, Lisa Genova (Gallery Books/Simon & Schuster)
* Looking for Alaska, John Green (Speak/Penguin Group (USA))
* Playing for Pizza, John Grisham (Bantam/Random House)
* Mudbound, Hillary Jordan (Algonquin Books/Workman Publishing)
* The Phantom Tollbooth, Norton Juster; illus. by Jules Feiffer (Yearling/Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers)
* Moneyball, Michael Lewis (W. W. Norton)
* The Tender Bar, J. R. Moehringer (Hyperion)
* Devil in a Blue Dress, Walter Mosley (Simon & Schuster)
* Middle School, The Worst Years of My Life, James Patterson and Chris Tebbetts (Little, Brown Books for Young Readers)
* Population: 485, Michael Perry (HarperPerennial/HarperCollins)
* The Lightning Thief, Rick Riordan (Disney-Hyperion)
* Montana Sky, Nora Roberts (Berkley/Penguin Group (USA))
* Look Again, Lisa Scottoline (St. Martin’s)
* Me Talk Pretty One Day, David Sedaris (Back Bay Books/Little Brown)
* The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, Alexander McCall Smith (Anchor Books/Random House)
* Glaciers, Alexis M. Smith (Tin House Books)
* A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Mark Twain (Dover)
* Salvage the Bones, Jesmyn Ward (Bloomsbury)
* Favorite American Poems (Large Print edition) various authors (Dover)
World Book Night will take place on April 23, 2013. World Book Night in the U.S. is a non-profit organization and has 501(c)3 nonprofit status. World Book Night U.S. is supported by publishers, Barnes & Noble, the American Booksellers Association, the American Library Association, Ingram Content Group, FedEx, printers, and paper companies; a full list of sponsors is at our website.
For more information about World Book Night, please go to www.WorldBookNight.org or visit us on Facebook and Twitter.
www.facebook.com/worldbooknightusa
twitter.com/wbnamerica
Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa
44600 Indian Wells Ln,
Indian Wells, CA 92210
*** In the beginning ***
In 1967 Charlie Pasarell, was 23 and was ranked No 1 U.S. tennis player. When Pasarell turned 35 he determined he was not good enough to play competitively with the younger players. So, he decided to promote a tennis circuit for those over 35 and it would be called the Grand Champions. Albert DeVaul, who developed the Racquet Club at Scottsdale Ranch in Arizona, hosted one of the Pasarell's Grand Champions tournaments and was pleased with the success. These two became friends then partners - a relationship that eventually led to the $70 million resort in Indian Wells - The Grand Champions, now known as Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa.
In 1977 Pasarell was director of tennis for Ernie Vossler's Landmark Land Co., which re-developed the La Quinta Hotel Golf & Tennis Resort. Vossler and Pasarell wanted to re-imagine the La Quinta Resort as a world class tennis resort. With Pasarell on board as tennis director the resort’s tennis club was born. In 1981, La Quinta Resort & Club hosted its first major professional tennis tournament, the Grand Marnier/ATP Tennis Games (now the BNP Paribas Open). The first tournament ended with Jimmy Connors defeating Ivan Lendl. The 1981 total prize money was $175,000 with $28,000 to the singles winner. Attendance for the Sunday finals was 6,600.
During the six years (1981 – 1986) the tournament was held in La Quinta, the event achieved such success that it outgrew the tennis stadium and facilities at La Quinta Hotel. Charlie Pasarell’s goal was to strive for “major tennis event” status. He knew what was needed - a larger, more modern and permanent tennis stadium with enhanced facilities. To construct the appropriate tennis stadium and facilities, Pasarell and long-time friend and former player Raymond Moore established a company known as PM Sports Management, and created a team along with other investors including Albert DeVaul and entertainer Alan King to design, develop and operate a luxurious resort hotel and tennis facility. At that time the city of Indian Wells had three hotel sites available on Highway 111 adjacent to the city-funded 36-hole golf course. The golf courses were not to be known as public or municipal rather the courses were to be called resort or world class. Pasarell's group committed to a site but the city of Indian Wells would only allow a stadium with 4,000 permanent seats. In a work around Pasarell and the city agreed to a stadium built that was terraced on the bottom and had 4,000 permanent seats built around the upper ring. Pasarell plan was to rent 10.000 folding chairs, at a dollar apiece to make the 14,000 seat total.
For financing Pasarell and DeVaul sold an ownership portion of the Indian Wells hotel/tennis project to Brad Blackman, at the time a 34 year old president of Blackman, Garlock Flynn & Co., a San Francisco based real estate investment firm. A company - The Grand Champions Resorts - a California limited partnership, was formed with Brad Blackman named Chairman, Charles Pasarell president and investors including Alan King, VMS Realty and Primerica. Expansion beyond Indian Wells was promising with future plans for Grand Champions projects in Aspen, Polo Beach on Maui and Peter Island in the British Virgin Islands. It was Brad Blackman's relationship with Wolgang Puck that brought Puck to the Grand Champions to develop the food and beverage concepts. Brad Blackman also steered Puck to open Postrio at 545 Post Street in San Francisco.
In 1986, construction was completed on the 350-room Grand Champions Hotel (now known as the Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa). The hotel is strongly reminiscent of La Mamounia, a great old hotel in Marrakech, Morocco. Morocco was one of the last stops on a three-year resort-hopping project that Charles Pasarell, Albert DeVaul and architect Bob Yamafuji undertook to come up with the resort's design. Development costs were reported to be $70 million - and up to $120 million. Its centerpiece was a sophisticated tennis center with 12 courts including a 10,000-seat tennis stadium (with some 7,000 permanent seats and 12 private sponsor suites), a 3,000-seat clubhouse court, two grass courts and two clay courts. Other facilities included a 3,000 square foot retail sport boutique, a 1.62-acre hospitality village and an 8,000 square foot convention center that also served as a media facility, a player’s lounge and a kitchen facility during the tournament. At the time it was completed, the stadium and facilities were truly state-of-the-art. The entertainer Alan King's job title was Vice Chairman of Entertainment and Special Events. King said he owned 3% of the hotel. Tennis great Boris Becker was to represent Grand Champions as its touring pro.
Bernard Dervieux was the opening chef. He left after one year (replaced by Marco Barbitta) to open Cuistot on El Paseo. Bernard was hired in 1980 at the Beverly Hills Hotel at the recommendation of Wolfgang Puck. He was Executive Chef at the hotel until 1986. After leaving the Beverly Hills Hotel, Bernard went to the Grand Champions Resort in Indians Wells and also to Aspen, Colorado serving as Executive Chef until opening Cuistot in 1987. The hotel opened with three restaurants: Trattoria - exhibition kitchen in the style of Puck's Spago, California regional with pizzas, pastas salads. Charlies - traditional classic dishes from the south of France with no cream and no butter. The Jasmine Room - the premier dining room offering a mix of French, Nouvelle and fine American cuisine. The opening manager for Jasmine was Pasquale Pavone who previously was maitre d'hotel at the Polo Lounge at the Beverly Hills Hotel for 11 years. Zapotec, a South American restaurant designed by Barbara Lazaroff, Puck's wife, was to be in a separate building on the Hyatt grounds.
In November 1987, one year after opening, Hyatt Hotels Corp commenced managing the Grand Champions Hotel. Rudy Richters, Neil B. Jacobs and Rick Redman were early general managers. Rudy Richter's previous general manager positions include the Dolder Hotel in Zurich, the Park in Vienna and L'ermitage in Beverly Hills. At the time VMS Realty had a strong relationship with Hyatt.
By 1989 VMS Realty, one of the nation's largest real estate firms, was suffering cash-flow problems and in an attempt to avoid bankruptcy replaced its top management and laid off some of its 500 employees. The Chicago-based partnership, which had a $9 billion portfolio that included Hyatt Grand Champions, said it would sell properties, seek to renegotiate bank loans and take a $110 million charge against third-quarter earnings. VMS, which began as a seller of real estate limited partnerships, partners were Robert Van Kampen, Peter R. Morris and Joel A. Stone (thus VMS). Limited partnerships, particularly in real estate, were the principal forms of tax shelters until the Tax Reform Act of 1986 effectively eliminated most of the tax benefits. As a result, a number of syndicators have left the syndication business entirely or filed for bankruptcy.
*** Richard L. Monfort ownership ***
Ken Monfort sold the family business, Monfort of Colorado, to ConAgra for $300 million in 1987. The cattle company was one of Greeley's largest employers and one of the world's largest beef operations. In 1989 VMS Realty was failing and a son of Ken Monfort, Richard L. Monfort, became a shareholder in the VMS owned Hyatt Grand Champions along with the Hyatt Hotel Corporation. Dick Monfort also owns the Colorado Rockies Baseball Club and was the owner of Boston's now closed Highland Steakhouse, once the highest grossing steakhouse in the U.S.
Australian tennis pro Mark Philippoussis won the 1999 Newsweek Champions Cup - it marked the last singles championship to be played on the 11,500-seat stadium at the Hyatt Grand Champion Resort. The 2000 tournanent moved to the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, Charlie Pasarell's new tennis mecca with a 16,100 seat stadium. According to Pasarell the Indian Wells tournament had grown to be among the most prestigious sports events in the world and had totally outgrown the facilities at the Hyatt Grand Champions.
In 2003 owner Dick Monfort completed a $60 million expansion at the Hyatt Grand Champions Resort. The project began with the demolition of the 10,100 seat tennis stadium and a reduction of tennis courts from 12 to 3. The expansion included 142 guest rooms making the room count 480, a new 50,000 sq ft meeting facility and a 30,000 sq ft floating spa paradise, Agua Serena. John Orr, divisional vice president for Hyatt Hotels gave credit to Dick Monfort's perseverance for bringing this enhancement to fruitation. The General Manager at that time was Hendrick Santos. Santos later ran the Westin Rio Mar and the Gran Melia Golf Resort in Puerto Rico. Tom Netting was the VP and Managing Director during 2004-2007.
During 2005-06 the city of Indian Wells decided to plow under the two 19 year-old golf courses in a $45 million enhancement project. Clive Clark and John Fought were retained to completely re-do the Ted Robinson designed East Course and West Course along with the construction of a new clubhouse. Since 2006 the Indian Well's Golf Resort annual losses have exceeded a total of $20 million. In 1998, the former Erawan Garden Hotel was transformed beyond recognition into the Miramonte Resort. Together with the Hyatt Grand Champions, Indian Wells Resort Hotel, and Renaissance Esmeralda, the four properties were successful in generating room taxes that are more than 60% of the city of Indian Wells' operating budget.
In 2011 the Hyatt's general manager was Allan Farwell. He closed the resort during the month of July to facilitate the renovation of the resorts main entrance, lobby and front desk. Also the reconcepting and renaming of the former Santa Rosa Grill to Lantana Restaurant and lobby bar Agave Sunset were completed. The hotel temporarily closed its doors in July of 2012 to begin constructing the Citrus Marketplace and Cafe. During his 6 years in Indian Wells Farwell served as Chairman of the California Hotel and Lodging Association and Chairman of the Palm Springs Desert Resort Convention and Visitors Bureau.
In 2012, the resort changed its name from Hyatt Grand Champions to Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa. Doug Sears was the general manager from 2013 to 2017. In Oct 2017 Stephen D’Agostino was named general manager. D’Agostino most recently was general manager of Hyatt Regency Orange County.
Compiled by Dick Johnson, October 2018
On the 19th of every month members of PSAC are supporting our bargaining teams by doing some kind of educational action in the workplace. Today, it was promoting a healthy work place.
You see, the Government (we fondly call them the employer), wants to take away our banked sick leave among other things and replace it with a program that will give us only 5 days sick leave. Then, you MUST go on seven working days leave without pay before you can access the STD (short term disability) that Tony Clement is trying to shove down our throats at the bargaining table which will only give us 65% of our earnings from an insurance company that has no experiences with mental health or womens' health issues. The employer is telling the public that it is costing the government millions in our accumulated sick leave. However, we can't cash it out so I don't know where they get this is costing millions. When I am sick (which is hardly ever) no one fills in for me my work piles up until I return and they have already accounted for my annual salary so there is no added cost contrary to the lies they are trying to feed the public. Even their own Budget officer told them you are wrong.
They have also offered us a 2% raise over 4 years considering the cost of living is over 2% per year, hydro has increased etc. and lets not forget that they gave themselves a 2.5% increase just recently on our dime.
In any event, here's my photo a day of my work colleagues using their hand sanitizer promoting a health work place because, if Tony gets his way, people will be forced to go to work sick. I work in a medical clinic - we promote if you are sick stay home but, if they take away our sick leave well, we will be going to work sick.
Beijing 2008 starting ramp and Scott Erwood, Canadian BMX Athlete shares the 3 Finger Victory Plus One - BMX GREEN OLYMPICS Promotes Sustainability and "Peace Plus One"_0377
(IF you use or share this photo, PLEASE link back to this original photo or to one or all of the following websites www.PeacePlusOne.com , www.SustainabilitySymbol.com - thanks for being part of the solution!) (PHOTO: Philip McMaster)
The FIRST OLYMPIC BMX COMPETITION IN THE HISTORY OF THE OLYMPICS celebrates with the Green Olympic Symbol, shared by competitors visitors and the Olympic Family - Join the FUN, SHARE the 3 finger "Peace Plus One" 3VICTORY SYMBOL - BMX Can Save the Planet!
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RECIPE TO SAVE THE WORLD
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Start now and share the 3 finger "Peace Plus One" Sustainability Symbol with those you love and care about. We only have one life-sustaining planet... what are you doing to keep it liveable?
It's really EASY!
Understand that the Sustainability Symbol represents a PERSONAL INTEREST in living a good and prosperous life - a life of balance in 3 dimensions - Society, the Environment and the Economy - or if you like "People, Planet and Profit" ... and share the Sustainability Symbol and its meaning with at least 3 friends..
... that's it! that's all you have to do!
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RECIPE FOR "PEACE PLUS ONE"
www.PeacePlusOne.com (English)
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1.) Make the "Peace" sign in the old boring way,
2.) add ONE finger,
voila!
3.) Peace, Plus One... the 3 finger Sustainability Salute! Cool!
(Now get someone to take a photo of you, and add it to your online photo account... tell us about it and we'll share the link!)
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BE A CLIMATE CHANGE AGENT
- - - - ---- - - - - -
BECOME A CLIMATE CHANGE AMBASSADOR
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If you would like to learn more, and become a Climate Change Agent (or even be appointed a Climate Change Ambassador for your country!!) check out
or
Leave the train wreck behind, stop thinking with a negative, disaster mentality...- take control of your life, and spread the good news that WE the People will make the new sustainable world happen.
We'll do it by sharing meaningful ideas,
we'll do it by cooperating with each other,
we'll do it by becoming our own leaders and decision-makers,
and following what we know is right for us and for the world.
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WEALTH , WISDOM, WELLNESS
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Participate with the Institute for Sustainable Development in Commerce,
and we'll help you get a better job, live healthier and longer,
be respected and admired by everyone around you,
and PROFIT BY BEING PART OF THE SOLUTION, not the problem.
Other sites where you can find information on Climate Change Agents and the history of the Sustainability Symbol:
www.PeacePlusOne.cn (Chinese)
www.PeacePlusOne.com (English)
The Marked Moskva fashion designers responded with this, "We have designed the burqas to muslim and non-muslim women in Norway. We use burqas to wear at a regular basis ourselves. We see many advantages with wearing burqa and we want to promote it as a supplement to the ordinary female’s wardrobe. If you read the interview in www.oslopuls.no and translate, you will know Marked Moskvas true intensions. Peace!
"
tinyurl.com/yocdrz
Disappointing to find that there's no Hefty bag burqa. :)
Lovely Braless Lady at Coin Street African Music Festival Promoted by The Limpopo Club at Gabriel's Wharf London Indigo 31st July 1999
Varanasi, also known as Benares, or Kashi is an Indian city on the banks of the Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres south-east of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the holiest of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) in Hinduism, and Jainism, and played an important role in the development of Buddhism. Some Hindus believe that death at Varanasi brings salvation. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Varanasi is also known as the favourite city of the Hindu deity Lord Shiva as it has been mentioned in the Rigveda that this city in older times was known as Kashi or "Shiv ki Nagri".
The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi, and an essential part of all religious celebrations. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the Ganges. The city has been a cultural centre of North India for several thousand years, and has a history that is older than most of the major world religions. The Benares Gharana form of Hindustani classical music was developed in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians live or have lived in Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath, located near Varanasi.
Varanasi is the spiritual capital of India. It is often referred to as "the holy city of India", "the religious capital of India", "the city of Shiva", and "the city of learning". Scholarly books have been written in the city, including the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas. Today, there is a temple of his namesake in the city, the Tulsi Manas Mandir. The current temples and religious institutions in the city are dated to the 18th century. One of the largest residential universities of Asia, the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), is located here.
ETYMOLOGY
The name Varanasi possibly originates from the names of the two rivers: Varuna, still flowing in Varanasi, and Asi, a small stream near Assi Ghat. The old city does lie on the north shores of Ganges River bounded by its two tributaries Varuna and Asi. Another speculation is that the city derives its name from the river Varuna, which was called Varanasi in olden times.[11] This is generally disregarded by historians. Through the ages, Varanasi has been known by many names including Kāśī or Kashi (used by pilgrims dating from Buddha's days), Kāśikā (the shining one), Avimukta ("never forsaken" by Shiva), Ānandavana (the forest of bliss), and Rudravāsa (the place where Rudra/Śiva resides).
In the Rigveda, the city is referred to as Kāśī or Kashi, the luminous city as an eminent seat of learning. The name Kāśī is also mentioned in the Skanda Purana. In one verse, Shiva says, "The three worlds form one city of mine, and Kāśī is my royal palace therein." The name Kashi may be translated as "City of Light".
HISTORY
According to legend, Varanasi was founded by the God Shiva. The Pandavas, the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata are also stated to have visited the city in search of Shiva to atone for their sins of fratricide and Brāhmanahatya that they had committed during the climactic Kurukshetra war. It is regarded as one of seven holy cities which can provide Moksha:
The earliest known archaeological evidence suggests that settlement around Varanasi in the Ganga valley (the seat of Vedic religion and philosophy) began in the 11th or 12th century BC, placing it among the world's oldest continually inhabited cities. These archaeological remains suggest that the Varanasi area was populated by Vedic people. However, the Atharvaveda (the oldest known text referencing the city), which dates to approximately the same period, suggests that the area was populated by indigenous tribes. It is possible that archaeological evidence of these previous inhabitants has yet to be discovered. Recent excavations at Aktha and Ramnagar, two sites very near to Varanasi, show them to be from 1800 BC, suggesting Varanasi started to be inhabited by that time too. Varanasi was also home to Parshva, the 23rd Jain Tirthankara and the earliest Tirthankara accepted as a historical figure in the 8th century BC.
Varanasi grew as an important industrial centre, famous for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture. During the time of Gautama Buddha (born circa 567 BC), Varanasi was the capital of the Kingdom of Kashi. Buddha is believed to have founded Buddhism here around 528 BC when he gave his first sermon, "Turning the Wheel of Law", at nearby Sarnath. The celebrated Chinese traveller Xuanzang, who visited the city around 635 AD, attested that the city was a centre of religious and artistic activities, and that it extended for about 5 kilometres along the western bank of the Ganges. When Xuanzang, also known as Hiuen Tsiang, visited Varanasi in the 7th century, he named it "Polonisse" and wrote that the city had some 30 temples with about 30 monks. The city's religious importance continued to grow in the 8th century, when Adi Shankara established the worship of Shiva as an official sect of Varanasi.
In ancient times, Varanasi was connected by a road starting from Taxila and ending at Pataliputra during the Mauryan Empire. In 1194, the city succumbed to Turkish Muslim rule under Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who ordered the destruction of some one thousand temples in the city. The city went into decline over some three centuries of Muslim occupation, although new temples were erected in the 13th century after the Afghan invasion. Feroz Shah ordered further destruction of Hindu temples in the Varanasi area in 1376. The Afghan ruler Sikander Lodi continued the suppression of Hinduism in the city and destroyed most of the remaining older temples in 1496. Despite the Muslim rule, Varanasi remained the centre of activity for intellectuals and theologians during the Middle Ages, which further contributed to its reputation as a cultural centre of religion and education. Several major figures of the Bhakti movement were born in Varanasi, including Kabir who was born here in 1389 and hailed as "the most outstanding of the saint-poets of Bhakti cult (devotion) and mysticism of 15th-Century India"; and Ravidas, a 15th-century socio-religious reformer, mystic, poet, traveller, and spiritual figure, who was born and lived in the city and employed in the tannery industry. Similarly, numerous eminent scholars and preachers visited the city from across India and south Asia. Guru Nanak Dev visited Varanasi for Shivratri in 1507, a trip that played a large role in the founding of Sikhism.
In the 16th century, Varanasi experienced a cultural revival under the Muslim Mughal emperor Akbar who invested in the city, and built two large temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu. The Raja of Poona established the Annapurnamandir and the 200 metres Akbari Bridge was also completed during this period. The earliest tourists began arriving in the city during the 16th century. In 1665, the French traveller Jean Baptiste Tavernier described the architectural beauty of the Vindu Madhava temple on the side of the Ganges. The road infrastructure was also improved during this period and extended from Kolkata to Peshawar by Emperor Sher Shah Suri; later during the British Raj it came to be known as the famous Grand Trunk Road. In 1656, emperor Aurangzeb ordered the destruction of many temples and the building of mosques, causing the city to experience a temporary setback. However, after Aurangazeb's death, most of India was ruled by a confederacy of pro-Hindu kings. Much of modern Varanasi was built during this time by the Rajput and Maratha kings, especially during the 18th century, and most of the important buildings in the city today date to this period. The kings continued to be important through much of the British rule (1775–1947 AD), including the Maharaja of Benares, or Kashi Naresh. The kingdom of Benares was given official status by the Mughals in 1737, and continued as a dynasty-governed area until Indian independence in 1947, during the reign of Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh. In the 18th century, Muhammad Shah ordered the construction of an observatory on the Ganges, attached to Man Mandir Ghat, designed to discover imperfections in the calendar in order to revise existing astronomical tables. Tourism in the city began to flourish in the 18th century. In 1791, under the rule of the British Governor-General Warren Hastings, Jonathan Duncan founded a Sanskrit College in Varanasi. In 1867, the establishment of the Varanasi Municipal Board led to significant improvements in the city.
In 1897, Mark Twain, the renowned Indophile, said of Varanasi, "Benares is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend, and looks twice as old as all of them put together." In 1910, the British made Varanasi a new Indian state, with Ramanagar as its headquarters but with no jurisdiction over the city of Varanasi itself. Kashi Naresh still resides in the Ramnagar Fort which is situated to the east of Varanasi, across the Ganges. Ramnagar Fort and its museum are the repository of the history of the kings of Varanasi. Since the 18th century, the fort has been the home of Kashi Naresh, deeply revered by the local people. He is the religious head and some devout inhabitants consider him to be the incarnation of Shiva. He is also the chief cultural patron and an essential part of all religious celebrations.
A massacre by British troops, of the Indian troops stationed here and of the population of the city, took place during the early stages of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Annie Besant worked in Varanasi to promote theosophy and founded the Central Hindu College which later became a foundation for the creation of Banaras Hindu University as a secular university in 1916. Her purpose in founding the Central Hindu College in Varanasi was that she "wanted to bring men of all religions together under the ideal of brotherhood in order to promote Indian cultural values and to remove ill-will among different sections of the Indian population."
Varanasi was ceded to the Union of India on 15 October 1948. After the death of Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh in 2000, his son Anant Narayan Singh became the figurehead king, responsible for upholding the traditional duties of a Kashi Naresh.
MAIN SIGHTS
Varanasi's "Old City", the quarter near the banks of the Ganga river, has crowded narrow winding lanes flanked by road-side shops and scores of Hindu temples. As atmospheric as it is confusing, Varanasi's labyrinthine Old City has a rich culture, attracting many travellers and tourists. The main residential areas of Varanasi (especially for the middle and upper classes) are situated in regions far from the ghats; they are more spacious and less polluted.
Museums in and around Varanasi include Jantar Mantar, Sarnath Museum, Bharat Kala Bhawan and Ramnagar Fort.
JANTAR MANTAR
The Jantar Mantar observatory (1737) is located above the ghats on the Ganges, much above the high water level in the Ganges next to the Manmandir Ghat, near to Dasaswamedh Ghat and adjoining the palace of Raja Jai Singh of Jaipur. Compared to the observatories at Jaipur and Delhi, it is less well equipped but has a unique equatorial sundial which is functional and allows measurements to be monitored and recorded by one person.
RAMNAGAR FORT
The Ramnagar Fort located near the Ganges River on its eastern bank, opposite to the Tulsi Ghat, was built in the 18th century by Kashi Naresh Raja Balwant Singh with creamy chunar sandstone. It is in a typically Mughal style of architecture with carved balconies, open courtyards, and scenic pavilions. At present the fort is not in good repair. The fort and its museum are the repository of the history of the kings of Benares. It has been the home of the Kashi Naresh since the 18th century. The current king and the resident of the fort is Anant Narayan Singh who is also known as the Maharaja of Varanasi even though this royal title has been abolished since 1971. Labeled "an eccentric museum", it has a rare collection of American vintage cars, sedan chairs (bejeweled), an impressive weaponry hall and a rare astrological clock. In addition, manuscripts, especially religious writings, are housed in the Saraswati Bhawan. Also included is a precious handwritten manuscript by Goswami Tulsidas. Many books illustrated in the Mughal miniature style, with beautifully designed covers are also part of the collections. Because of its scenic location on the banks of the Ganges, it is frequently used as an outdoor shooting location for films. The film titled Banaras is one of the popular movies shot here. However, only a part of the fort is open for public viewing as the rest of the area is the residence of the Kashi Naresh and his family. It is 14 kilometres from Varanasi.
GHATS
Ghats are embankments made in steps of stone slabs along the river bank where pilgrims perform ritual ablutions. Ghats in Varanasi are an integral complement to the concept of divinity represented in physical, metaphysical and supernatural elements. All the ghats are locations on "the divine cosmic road", indicative of "its manifest transcendental dimension" Varanasi has at least 84 ghats. Steps in the ghats lead to the banks of River Ganges, including the Dashashwamedh Ghat, the Manikarnika Ghat, the Panchganga Ghat and the Harishchandra Ghat (where Hindus cremate their dead). Many ghats are associated with legends and several are now privately owned.
Many of the ghats were built when the city was under Maratha control. Marathas, Shindes (Scindias), Holkars, Bhonsles, and Peshwas stand out as patrons of present-day Varanasi. Most of the ghats are bathing ghats, while others are used as cremation sites. A morning boat ride on the Ganges across the ghats is a popular visitor attraction. The extensive stretches of ghats enhance the river front with a multitude of shrines, temples and palaces built "tier on tier above the water’s edge".
The Dashashwamedh Ghat is the main and probably the oldest ghat of Varansi located on the Ganges, close to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. It is believed that Brahma created it to welcome Shiva and sacrificed ten horses during the Dasa -Ashwamedha yajna performed here. Above the ghat and close to it, there are also temples dedicated to Sulatankesvara, Brahmesvara, Varahesvara, Abhaya Vinayaka, Ganga (the Ganges), and Bandi Devi which are part of important pilgrimage journeys. A group of priests perform "Agni Pooja" (Worship to Fire) daily in the evening at this ghat as a dedication to Shiva, Ganga, Surya (Sun), Agni (Fire), and the whole universe. Special aartis are held on Tuesdays and on religious festivals.
The Manikarnika Ghat is the Mahasmasana (meaning: "great cremation ground") and is the primary site for Hindu cremation in the city. Adjoining the ghat, there are raised platforms that are used for death anniversary rituals. It is said that an ear-ring (Manikarnika) of Shiva or his wife Sati fell here. According to a myth related to the Tarakesvara Temple, a Shiva temple at the ghat, Shiva whispers the Taraka mantra ("Prayer of the crossing") in the ear of the dead. Fourth-century Gupta period inscriptions mention this ghat. However, the current ghat as a permanent riverside embankment was built in 1302 and has been renovated at least three times.
TEMPLES
Among the estimated 23000 temples in Varanasi, the most worshiped are: the Kashi Vishwanath Temple of Shiva; the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple; and the Durga Temple known for the band of monkeys that reside in the large trees nearby.
Located on the outskirts of the Ganges, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple – dedicated to Varanasi's presiding deity Shiva (Vishwanath – "Lord of the world") – is an important Hindu temple and one of the 12 Jyotirlinga Shiva temples. It is believed that a single view of Vishwanath Jyotirlinga is worth more than that of other jyotirlingas. The temple has been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times. The Gyanvapi Mosque, which is adjacent to the temple, is the original site of the temple. The temple, as it exists now, also called Golden Temple, was built in 1780 by Queen Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore. The two pinnacles of the temple are covered in gold, donated in 1839 by Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Punjab and the remaining dome is also planned to be gold plated by the Ministry of Culture & Religious Affairs of Uttar Pradesh. On 28 January 1983, the temple was taken over by the government of Uttar Pradesh and its management was transferred to a trust with then Kashi Naresh, Vibhuti Narayan Singh, as president and an executive committee with a Divisional Commissioner as chairman. Numerous rituals, prayers and aratis are held daily, starting from 2:30 am till 11:00 pm.
The Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple is one of the sacred temples of the Hindu god Hanuman situated by the Assi River, on the way to the Durga and New Vishwanath temples within the Banaras Hindu University campus. The present temple structure was built in early 1900s by the educationist and freedom fighter, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, the founder of Banaras Hindu University. It is believed the temple was built on the very spot where the medieval Hindu saint Tulsidas had a vision of Hanuman. Thousands flock to the temple on Tuesdays and Saturdays, weekdays associated with Hanuman. On 7 March 2006, in a terrorist attack one of the three explosions hit the temple while the Aarti was in progress when numerous devotees and people attending a wedding were present and many were injured. However, normal worship was resumed the next day with devotees visiting the temple and reciting hymns of Hanuman Chalisa (authored by Tulidas) and Sundarkand (a booklet of these hymns is provided free of charge in the temple). After the terrorist incident, a permanent police post was set up inside the temple.
There are two temples named "Durga" in Varanasi, Durga Mandir (built about 500 years ago), and Durga Kund (built in the 18th century). Thousands of Hindu devotees visit Durga Kund during Navratri to worship the goddess Durga. The temple, built in Nagara architectural style, has multi-tiered spires[96] and is stained red with ochre, representing the red colour of Durga. The building has a rectangular tank of water called the Durga Kund ("Kund" meaning a pond or pool). Every year on the occasion of Nag Panchami, the act of depicting the god Vishnu reclining on the serpent Shesha is recreated in the Kund.
While the Annapurna Temple, located close to the Kashi Vishwanath temple, is dedicated to Annapurna, the goddess of food, the Sankatha Temple close to the Sindhia Ghat is dedicated to Sankatha, the goddess of remedy. The Sankatha temple has a large sculpture of a lion and a nine temple cluster dedicated to the nine planets.
Kalabhairav Temple, an ancient temple located near the Head Post Office at Visheshar Ganj, is dedicated to Kala-Bhairava, the guardian (Kotwal) of Varanasi. The Mrithyunjay Mahadev Temple, dedicated to Shiva, is situated on the way to Daranagar to Kalbhairav temple. A well near the temple has some religious significance as its water source is believed to be fed from several underground streams, having curative powers.
The New Vishwanath Temple located in the campus of Banaras Hindu University is a modern temple which was planned by Pandit Malviya and built by the Birlas. The Tulsi Manas Temple, nearby the Durga Temple, is a modern temple dedicated to the god Rama. It is built at the place where Tulsidas authored the Ramcharitmanas, which narrates the life of Rama. Many verses from this epic are inscribed on the temple walls.
The Bharat Mata Temple, dedicated to the national personification of India, was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1936. It has relief maps of India carved in marble. Babu Shiv Prasad Gupta and Durga Prasad Khatri, leading numismatists, antiquarians and nationalist leaders, donated funds for its construction.
RELIGION
HINDUISM
Varanasi is one of the holiest cities and centres of pilgrimage for Hindus of all denominations. It is one of the seven Hindu holiest cities (Sapta Puri), considered the giver of salvation (moksha). Over 50,000 Brahmins live in Varanasi, providing religious services to the masses. Hindus believe that bathing in the Ganges remits sins and that dying in Kashi ensures release of a person's soul from the cycle of its transmigrations. Thus, many Hindus arrive here for dying.
As the home to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple Jyotirlinga, it is very sacred for Shaivism. Varanasi is also a Shakti Peetha, where the temple to goddess Vishalakshi stands, believed to be the spot where the goddess Sati's earrings fell. Hindus of the Shakti sect make a pilgrimage to the city because they regard the River Ganges itself to be the Goddess Shakti. Adi Shankara wrote his commentaries on Hinduism here, leading to the great Hindu revival.
In 2001, Hindus made up approximately 84% of the population of Varanasi District.
ISLAM
Varanasi is one of the holiest cities and centres of pilgrimage for Hindus of all denominations. It is one of the seven Hindu holiest cities (Sapta Puri), considered the giver of salvation (moksha). Over 50,000 Brahmins live in Varanasi, providing religious services to the masses. Hindus believe that bathing in the Ganges remits sins and that dying in Kashi ensures release of a person's soul from the cycle of its transmigrations. Thus, many Hindus arrive here for dying.
As the home to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple Jyotirlinga, it is very sacred for Shaivism. Varanasi is also a Shakti Peetha, where the temple to goddess Vishalakshi stands, believed to be the spot where the goddess Sati's earrings fell. Hindus of the Shakti sect make a pilgrimage to the city because they regard the River Ganges itself to be the Goddess Shakti. Adi Shankara wrote his commentaries on Hinduism here, leading to the great Hindu revival.
In 2001, Hindus made up approximately 84% of the population of Varanasi District.
OTHERS
At the 2001 census, persons of other religions or no religion made up 0.4% of the population of Varanasi District.
Varanasi is a pilgrimage site for Jains along with Hindus and Buddhists. It is believed to be the birthplace of Suparshvanath, Shreyansanath, and Parshva, who are respectively the seventh, eleventh, and twenty-third Jain Tirthankars and as such Varanasi is a holy city for Jains. Shree Parshvanath Digambar Jain Tirth Kshetra (Digambar Jain Temple) is situated in Bhelupur, Varanasi. This temple is of great religious importance to the Jain Religion.
Sarnath, a suburb of Varanasi, is a place of Buddhist pilgrimage. It is the site of the deer park where Siddhartha Gautama of Nepal is said to have given his first sermon about the basic principles of Buddhism. The Dhamek Stupa is one of the few pre-Ashokan stupas still in existence, though only its foundation remains. Also remaining is the Chaukhandi Stupa commemorating the spot where Buddha met his first disciples in the 5th century. An octagonal tower was built later there.
Guru Nanak Dev visited Varanasi for Shivratri in 1507 and had an encounter which with other events forms the basis for the story of the founding of Sikhism. Varanasi also hosts the Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi, and has an insignificant Jewish expatriate community. Varanasi is home to numerous tribal faiths which are not easily classified.
Dalits are 13% of population Of Varanasi city. Most dalits are followers of Guru Ravidass. So Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan is important place of pilgrimage for Ravidasis from all around India.
RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
On Mahashivaratri (February) – which is dedicated to Shiva – a procession of Shiva proceeds from the Mahamrityunjaya Temple to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.
Dhrupad Mela is a five-day musical festival devoted to dhrupad style held at Tulsi Ghat in February–March.
The Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple celebrates Hanuman Jayanti (March–April), the birthday of Hanuman with great fervour. A special puja, aarti, and a public procession is organized. Starting in 1923, the temple organizes a five-day classical music and dance concert festival titled Sankat Mochan Sangeet Samaroh in this period, when iconic artists from all parts of India are invited to perform.
The Ramlila of Ramnagar is a dramatic enactment of Rama's legend, as told in Ramacharitamanasa. The plays, sponsored by Kashi Naresh, are performed in Ramnagar every evening for 31 days. On the last day, the festivities reach a crescendo as Rama vanquishes the demon king Ravana. Kashi Naresh Udit Narayan Singh started this tradition around 1830.
Bharat Milap celebrates the meeting of Rama and his younger brother Bharata after the return of the former after 14 years of exile. It is celebrated during October–November, a day after the festival of Vijayadashami. Kashi Naresh attends this festival in his regal attire resplendent in regal finery. The festival attracts a large number of devotees.
Nag Nathaiya, celebrated on the fourth lunar day of the dark fortnight of the Hindu month of Kartik (October–November), that commemorates the victory of the god Krishna over the serpent Kaliya. On this occasion, a large Kadamba tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) branch is planted on the banks of the Ganges so that a boy acting the role of Krishna can jump into the river on to the effigy representing Kaliya. He stands over the effigy in a dancing pose playing the flute; the effigy and the boy standing on it is given a swirl in front of the audience. People watch the display standing on the banks of the river or from boats.
Ganga Mahotsav is a five-day music festival organized by the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department, held in November–December culminating a day before Kartik Poornima (Dev Deepawali). On Kartik Poornima also called the Ganges festival, the Ganges is venerated by arti offered by thousands of pilgrims who release lighted lamps to float in the river from the ghats.
Annually Jashne-Eid Miladunnabi is celebrated on the day of Barawafat in huge numbers by Muslims in a huge rally coming from all the parts of the city and meeting up at Beniya Bagh.
WIKIPEDIA
Seaman apprentice Roger Priest is flanked by his father Roger A. Priest and mother Pauline Priest April 27, 1970 following a court martial sentence of a reprimand, reduction in rank and a bad conduct discharge for promoting disloyalty for his antiwar newsletter OM.
Priest worked in the Navy’s Office of Information at the Pentagon when he published his mimeographed alternative GI newsletter and faced charges of up to six years hard labor, forfeiture of pay and grade and a dishonorable discharge.
OM had a print run of 1000 and featured anti-Vietnam War articles and information as well as acting as a “gripe” forum for armed service members.
The court martial at the Washington Navy Yard included charges of soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination and making statements disloyal to the United States
The Navy charges were all based around the issue of free speech in the military and would become nationally publicized at a time when GIs were increasingly resisting the Vietnam War, including refusal of orders to go to Vietnam and refusal of orders to fight for those who shipped out.
Upon appeal, the conviction was reversed and he was granted an honorable discharge.
The following excerpts of Roger Priest’s anti-Vietnam War activities and subsequent court martial are from “His crime was speech” by Dale M. Brumfield posted on the Lessons from History site:
The Defense Department reported that in 1970, almost 245 underground presses published at least one anti-Vietnam edition on America’s military bases.
But it was one fearless sailor working inside the Pentagon, Journalist Seaman Apprentice Roger L. Priest, that pushed hardest against military boundaries and caused the Defense Department the biggest headaches.
Roger Priest entered the Navy in October 1967 and was transferred to the Pentagon’s office of Navy Information in January 1968.
“I was anti-Vietnam before I got into the service,” Priest told Washington Post writer Nicholas von Hoffman. “I thought I could live this lie … and I’m not even killing, I’m just shuffling papers.”
Throughout 1968, Priest became more disgusted with America’s role in Southeast Asia, leading him to create the only underground paper published by someone who actually worked inside the Pentagon. It was published on his own time and with his own funds and was one of the few such papers to use the creator’s real name instead of a pseudonym.
“How many more women and children must be burned before the people of the United States realize the horrendous crime they are committing against a peasant people?” he wrote in his paper he called OM — the Servicemen’s Newsletter before later changing it to Om — the Liberation Newsletter.
1,000 copies of the first mimeographed issue of OM appeared on April 1, 1969. The next morning, within 90 minutes of arriving at his desk, he was abruptly reassigned to the Navy and Marines Exhibit Center at the Washington Navy Yard. “I don’t care if they send me to the North Pole,” Priest told the Washington Post, “I’ll write my stuff on ice cubes if I have to.”
Exercising his First Amendment rights while knowing full well he was placing himself in the U.S. Navy’s crosshairs, Priest published a second edition of OM on May 1, then a third one on June 1, each with a press run of 1,000 copies.
Priest also raised the ire of the Navy when he made an antiwar group the beneficiary of his service life insurance and urged other soldiers to do the same. In his case, if he was killed by the Viet Cong in Southeast Asia, the War Resistor’s League would receive his $10,000 payout.
OM was unapologetically blunt. “Today’s Pigs are tomorrow’s bacon” stated one headline in issue two that described Joint Chiefs Chairman General Earl Wheeler. OM called Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird “People’s enemy no. 1” and “a practicing prostitute and a pimp.”
Other statements appearing in the paper that crossed the Navy included “Our goal is liberation … by any means necessary,” and “Shoot a pig!” A headline in another issue read “Be Free Go Canada,” then listed the addresses of groups in Canada aiding military deserters. The article also explained that “landed immigrant status” was available in Canada to deserters.
On June 12, 1969 Priest was interrogated about OM by the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Three days later, fourteen official charges were lodged against him, including soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination, making statements disloyal to the United States, using “contemptuous words” against South Carolina Representative L. Mendel Rivers, and worse, not stating in the paper that his statements were his own opinions, and not those of the U.S. Navy.
Von Hoffmann wrote on June 25, 1969, that Priest was accused of “everything that’s happened to the Navy except perhaps stealing the [U.S.S.] Pueblo.” Priest also noticed at this time that he was being followed around by civilians in Ford Fairlanes and Plymouth Valiants.
“… This whole thing hinges on free speech, freedom of the press,” Priest told von Hoffman. “They’re not talking about my military behavior … they’re talking about what I do on my own free time, outside of the Navy, in my own apartment … in other words my rights as an American citizen.”
In July, Priest published a special “Best & Worst” issue of OM in conjunction with a defense fund called LINK, “The Servicemen’s Link to Peace.” On July 21, Priest — holding a sign that read “My crime is speech” — led a demonstration of about 100 people in front of the National Archives building. The next day an article 32 pre-court martial investigation convened at the Naval Air Station in Anacostia.
Just over 100 members of the Navy Ceremonial Guard armed with M-1 rifles, live ammo and gas masks stood watch as Navy aviator Commander Norman Mills conducted the proceedings. Priest was represented pro-Bono by Washington Attorney David Rein.
“If I can be put away for a number of years in prison for the mere writing of words — an act so basic to the founding of this country that it finds its basis in the First Amendment of the Constitution — then my crime is speech,” Priest said in his opening statement. “But let me tell you this: OM will go on, for others will take up the pen where I leave off.”
During this trial, the prosecution admitted that approximately 25 naval intelligence agents were assigned to follow and harass Priest (hence the Fairlanes and Valiants). Furthermore, when a letter found in Priest’s trash was introduced as evidence, ONI special agent Robert Howard testified that the Washington DC department of sanitation provided a truck exclusively for trash pickup at Priest’s apartment building.
Attorney Rein said that this activity alone “brought more discredit on the armed services than anything Roger Priest has done.”
A furious DC Mayor Walter Washington promised a “full and complete investigation” of the sanitation department when director, William Roeder was quoted as saying “If the police ask us to do this, we cooperate with them.” He later denied making the statement.
“City Denies Trash Spying” trumpeted the Washington Post in embarrassing contradiction to the testimony of ONI Agent Howard.
Despite the disorganization of the proceedings, Priest was ordered to appear before a general court-martial on charges that he solicited members of the military to desert and commit sedition, and that he published statements “urging insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal of duty by members of the military and naval forces with intent to impair loyalty, morale and discipline.”
The combined charges carried a maximum sentence of 39 years in prison and a dishonorable discharge.
During this time Priest kept a low profile at his Navy job, obeying orders and being careful to not break a single regulation. His strategy was to force the Navy to court-martial him only for OM’s contents, which he created on his own time, and not on some extraneous charge that disguised the political nature of his battle.
Not to be held down, Priest published “The Court-Martial Edition” of OM in October 1969.
In it, OM bestowed the “Green Weenie” award to the “25+” people “assigned to gather information, interrogate, follow and harass” him.
“ONI left no stone unturned or garbage can unmolested, nor did they mind to stoop to entrapment in trying to deny the constitutional rights of free speech and free press to Seaman Roger Priest,” OM declared.
By April, Priest had become a hero to other like-minded servicemen across the country. LINK Director Carl Rogers estimated his organization spent over $17,000 in buttons, posters, postage and travel expenses for Priest’s speaking engagements.
“No group like ours,” Rogers warned, “can begin to counter the resources and the manpower of the Pentagon … to harass and oppress dissenters.” Rogers also reported, however, that the court-martial had backfired on the Pentagon, resulting in about 10,000 reprints of OM (far more than the original press run of 1,000) and 10,000 “OM” buttons distributed in a little over two months.
Priest gained support from the infamous Chicago 7 — Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, and Lee Weiner
Priest also gained an unlikely ally when New York Senator Charles Goodell issued a statement September 5 that said in part, “When Roger Priest enlisted in the Navy, he accepted certain well-defined responsibilities as a soldier. He did not, however, forfeit his constitutional rights as a citizen of the United States.”
The court-martial board convicted Priest only on two minor counts of promoting “disloyalty and disaffection among members of the armed forces.” They recommended Priest be reprimanded, reduced to the lowest pay grade and receive a bad conduct discharge, but no jail time.
Thrilled with the outcome, Attorney Rein said he would nonetheless appeal the bad conduct discharge.
On February 11, 1971, a panel of Navy appeals judges reversed that conviction and awarded Priest an honorable discharge, citing the grounds of reversal on a “technical error” by Judge Raymond Perkins where he failed to explain to the court-martial that disloyalty to the Navy or a superior officer was not the same as disloyalty to the United States.
Also, upon review of the case, the reprimand was dropped by Rear Admiral George Koch, commandant of the Washington Naval District.
Priest’s case presented a conundrum regarding military dissent: How does a country impress young men into the army to fight a war they ideologically oppose or even outright despise? Are men so profoundly disaffected reliable soldiers?
An anonymous columnist proposed a somewhat cynical solution off-record to von Hoffman: “You can’t fight imperialist wars [anymore] with conscript armies. You have to use mercenaries.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsmLuExUi
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
The 100th anniversary of this beautiful wooden boat was celebrated in 2015 www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/the-hills/former-boat...
A history of the vessel essentially copied from Macquarie Princess' facebook page
There have been a number of vessels named Nambucca.
Nambucca 1898 (1898 – 1905). Single screw steamer built of wood by David Drake of Bald Rock, Balmain. She operated out of the Nambucca River until 1902 before being sold to New Zealand operators. She was wrecked in January 1905 whilst on a voyage from Blenheim to Wellington.
Nambucca 1915 . The Nambucca was built by William Lloyd Holmes & Co, McMahons Point, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Owned by Jack Cox, she was used on the Nambucca River as a milk/cream boat to collect milk containers from dairy farmers along the river for delivery to the Nambucca Dairy Co., Ltd., (NORCO) butter factory. She was sold to interests in Sydney and converted into a ferry named Promote. She currently operates on the Hawkesbury River as a tourist ferry. Details are in the following album. Nambucca 1915
Nambucca I (1922 -1934). Twin screw steamer built of wood by Ernest Wright of Tuncurry for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company. She came to grief at the entrance to the Nambucca River in 1931 but was refloated. She was wrecked in May 1934 after running aground. Details are in the following album. Nambucca I
Nambucca II (1936 – 1946). Twin Screw steamer built of wood by Ernest Wright of Tuncurry for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company. A much larger vessel than Nambucca I. In later life she was acquired by the R.A.N. and became HMAS Nambucca and finally USS YDG-5. She was burned to the waterline in Okinawa in 1946. Details are in the following album. Nambucca. No images of the Nambucca have been found.
The ferry Promote, formerly the Nambucca and later the Macquarie Princess has an interesting history from cream/milk boat to ferry.
Details:
Name: Nambucca - later Promote - later Macquarie Princess
ON 172892 (Promote)
Registered 17/1939 Sydney
Register Tonnage: Gross 24.1 Net: 16.4
Length: 49.4 ft
Breadth: 16.0 ft
Depth: 5.5 ft
Builder: W.L. Holmes, McMahon's Point
The Nambucca replaced the Breckenridge-built cream boat Undaunted when the latter was burned to the water line in 1914.
Initial Operation - 1915 - 1925
: The Nambucca was built by W. L. Holmes & Co, McMahons Point, Sydney, NSW, Australia. She was used on the Nambucca River as a milk/cream boat to collect milk containers from dairy farmers along the river for delivery to the Nambucca Dairy Co., Ltd., (NORCO) butter factory.
Launch for the Royal Australian Navy 1925 - 1938
By 1925 cargo transport had become more economical via road and the Nambucca was commissioned by the NAVY as a personnel transportation vessel, running from Balmain to Garden Island on Sydney Harbour.
Purchased by Nicholson Bros., renamed Promote and operated as ferry 1930 - 1938.
During this period it appears that she continued to provide transportation services to the Navy while acting as a charter boat on weekends. It is believed that in about 1930, the vessel was fitted with an upper passenger deck; the upper deck can be seen in this image taken in 1931. She was regularly chartered by organisations including Bon Marche Ltd in 1931 and the Irish National Forester's Entertainment Committee in 1933.
1938 - 1969 Ownership transferred to Nicholson Bros. Harbour Transport Pty Ltd.
Based at Balmain, she was refitted & altered by Morrison & Sinclair. A taller funnel was fitted. Licensed to carry 197 passengers, she was fitted with a new motor (40bhp 4Cy. 8.5"-9" Dreadnought. 8.5 knots). She joined sister vessels the Provide and later the Produce and Protend on the Balmain to Erskine Street (Darling Harbour) run.
Purchased by Stannard Bros. and formed part of Stannard's ferry fleet - 1969 - 1973:
The Promote, continued to work on Sydney Harbour as part of the Stannard Brothers fleet of commuter ferries.
Pittwater ferry - 1973 - 1974:
The Promote was sold to Broken Bay Ferries, operated by George and Thelma Bennet, and continued to work as a commuter ferry, this time on Pittwater.
Pittwater ferry under new ownership 1974 - 1979
The Promote continued to work on Pittwater as Scotland Island Co-op (John Hebden) included her in their fleet.
Converted to cruise boat for use on Lake Macquarie - name changed to Macquarie Princess
In 1980 David Mitchell purchased the vessel and she was taken to Lake Macquarie for conversion to a cruise boat. Her name was changed once again to Macquarie Princess.
Operation from Berowra Waters
In 1983 the Macquarie Princess was purchased by Gordon & Joan Mandin and commenced operation at Berowra Waters on the Hawkesbury River as cruise vessel.
In 2003 The Mandin Family retired and the Macquarie Princess was purchased by owner operators Fred & Carolyn Mulae, and Gino & Mary Donofrio. The vessel underwent a major mechanical overhaul and structural restoration.
In 2007 the Macquarie Princess was purchased by John & Lisa Tillott, and along with the help of children Jasmine & Bradley is now run as a family operated cruise boat.
The Macquarie Princess has now operated from the very same wharf at Berowra Waters West Marina since 1983, and in this time has carried over 650 000 passengers.
The Tillott family look forward to ensuring that the M.V. Macquarie Princess will continue to cruise the Hawkesbury for many years to come.
Image Source - Black Diamond Images Collection
All Images in this photostream are Copyright - Great Lakes Manning River Shipping and/or their individual owners as may be stated above and may not be downloaded, reproduced, or used in any way without prior written approval.
GREAT LAKES MANNING RIVER SHIPPING, NSW - Flickr Group --> Alphabetical Boat Index --> Boat builders Index --> Tags List
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ISO 160 | f/8 | 2s | 17mm
Canon 7D | 17-40 f/4 L lens
Stitched Panorama
This shot was taken while on a 2km walk to the brushbox falls at Sheepstation Creek in the Border Ranges National Park in NSW. Its a really pretty walk through the rainforest and palm trees beside this little creek that cascades over the rocks.
For this particular shot I was taking a pano while my friends were on the path and I thought rather than ask them to move I i'd ask them to hold still for 2 seconds and include them into the shot. I think it gives a good scale to the place and gives it a human element.
Taken during the National Ballet School's open house. Bboyizm is the premier street dance company in Canada, run by dancer-choreographer, Crazy Smooth. They promote and preserve the foundation, authenticity, and essence of all street dances.
Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa
44600 Indian Wells Ln,
Indian Wells, CA 92210
*** In the beginning ***
In 1967 Charlie Pasarell, was 23 and was ranked No 1 U.S. tennis player. When Pasarell turned 35 he determined he was not good enough to play competitively with the younger players. So, he decided to promote a tennis circuit for those over 35 and it would be called the Grand Champions. Albert DeVaul, who developed the Racquet Club at Scottsdale Ranch in Arizona, hosted one of the Pasarell's Grand Champions tournaments and was pleased with the success. These two became friends then partners - a relationship that eventually led to the $70 million resort in Indian Wells - The Grand Champions, now known as Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa.
In 1977 Pasarell was director of tennis for Ernie Vossler's Landmark Land Co., which re-developed the La Quinta Hotel Golf & Tennis Resort. Vossler and Pasarell wanted to re-imagine the La Quinta Resort as a world class tennis resort. With Pasarell on board as tennis director the resort’s tennis club was born. In 1981, La Quinta Resort & Club hosted its first major professional tennis tournament, the Grand Marnier/ATP Tennis Games (now the BNP Paribas Open). The first tournament ended with Jimmy Connors defeating Ivan Lendl. The 1981 total prize money was $175,000 with $28,000 to the singles winner. Attendance for the Sunday finals was 6,600.
During the six years (1981 – 1986) the tournament was held in La Quinta, the event achieved such success that it outgrew the tennis stadium and facilities at La Quinta Hotel. Charlie Pasarell’s goal was to strive for “major tennis event” status. He knew what was needed - a larger, more modern and permanent tennis stadium with enhanced facilities. To construct the appropriate tennis stadium and facilities, Pasarell and long-time friend and former player Raymond Moore established a company known as PM Sports Management, and created a team along with other investors including Albert DeVaul and entertainer Alan King to design, develop and operate a luxurious resort hotel and tennis facility. At that time the city of Indian Wells had three hotel sites available on Highway 111 adjacent to the city-funded 36-hole golf course. The golf courses were not to be known as public or municipal rather the courses were to be called resort or world class. Pasarell's group committed to a site but the city of Indian Wells would only allow a stadium with 4,000 permanent seats. In a work around Pasarell and the city agreed to a stadium built that was terraced on the bottom and had 4,000 permanent seats built around the upper ring. Pasarell plan was to rent 10.000 folding chairs, at a dollar apiece to make the 14,000 seat total.
For financing Pasarell and DeVaul sold an ownership portion of the Indian Wells hotel/tennis project to Brad Blackman, at the time a 34 year old president of Blackman, Garlock Flynn & Co., a San Francisco based real estate investment firm. A company - The Grand Champions Resorts - a California limited partnership, was formed with Brad Blackman named Chairman, Charles Pasarell president and investors including Alan King, VMS Realty and Primerica. Expansion beyond Indian Wells was promising with future plans for Grand Champions projects in Aspen, Polo Beach on Maui and Peter Island in the British Virgin Islands. It was Brad Blackman's relationship with Wolgang Puck that brought Puck to the Grand Champions to develop the food and beverage concepts. Brad Blackman also steered Puck to open Postrio at 545 Post Street in San Francisco.
In 1986, construction was completed on the 350-room Grand Champions Hotel (now known as the Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa). The hotel is strongly reminiscent of La Mamounia, a great old hotel in Marrakech, Morocco. Morocco was one of the last stops on a three-year resort-hopping project that Charles Pasarell, Albert DeVaul and architect Bob Yamafuji undertook to come up with the resort's design. Development costs were reported to be $70 million - and up to $120 million. Its centerpiece was a sophisticated tennis center with 12 courts including a 10,000-seat tennis stadium (with some 7,000 permanent seats and 12 private sponsor suites), a 3,000-seat clubhouse court, two grass courts and two clay courts. Other facilities included a 3,000 square foot retail sport boutique, a 1.62-acre hospitality village and an 8,000 square foot convention center that also served as a media facility, a player’s lounge and a kitchen facility during the tournament. At the time it was completed, the stadium and facilities were truly state-of-the-art. The entertainer Alan King's job title was Vice Chairman of Entertainment and Special Events. King said he owned 3% of the hotel. Tennis great Boris Becker was to represent Grand Champions as its touring pro.
Bernard Dervieux was the opening chef. He left after one year (replaced by Marco Barbitta) to open Cuistot on El Paseo. Bernard was hired in 1980 at the Beverly Hills Hotel at the recommendation of Wolfgang Puck. He was Executive Chef at the hotel until 1986. After leaving the Beverly Hills Hotel, Bernard went to the Grand Champions Resort in Indians Wells and also to Aspen, Colorado serving as Executive Chef until opening Cuistot in 1987. The hotel opened with three restaurants: Trattoria - exhibition kitchen in the style of Puck's Spago, California regional with pizzas, pastas salads. Charlies - traditional classic dishes from the south of France with no cream and no butter. The Jasmine Room - the premier dining room offering a mix of French, Nouvelle and fine American cuisine. The opening manager for Jasmine was Pasquale Pavone who previously was maitre d'hotel at the Polo Lounge at the Beverly Hills Hotel for 11 years. Zapotec, a South American restaurant designed by Barbara Lazaroff, Puck's wife, was to be in a separate building on the Hyatt grounds.
In November 1987, one year after opening, Hyatt Hotels Corp commenced managing the Grand Champions Hotel. Rudy Richters, Neil B. Jacobs and Rick Redman were early general managers. Rudy Richter's previous general manager positions include the Dolder Hotel in Zurich, the Park in Vienna and L'ermitage in Beverly Hills. At the time VMS Realty had a strong relationship with Hyatt.
By 1989 VMS Realty, one of the nation's largest real estate firms, was suffering cash-flow problems and in an attempt to avoid bankruptcy replaced its top management and laid off some of its 500 employees. The Chicago-based partnership, which had a $9 billion portfolio that included Hyatt Grand Champions, said it would sell properties, seek to renegotiate bank loans and take a $110 million charge against third-quarter earnings. VMS, which began as a seller of real estate limited partnerships, partners were Robert Van Kampen, Peter R. Morris and Joel A. Stone (thus VMS). Limited partnerships, particularly in real estate, were the principal forms of tax shelters until the Tax Reform Act of 1986 effectively eliminated most of the tax benefits. As a result, a number of syndicators have left the syndication business entirely or filed for bankruptcy.
*** Richard L. Monfort ownership ***
Ken Monfort sold the family business, Monfort of Colorado, to ConAgra for $300 million in 1987. The cattle company was one of Greeley's largest employers and one of the world's largest beef operations. In 1989 VMS Realty was failing and a son of Ken Monfort, Richard L. Monfort, became a shareholder in the VMS owned Hyatt Grand Champions along with the Hyatt Hotel Corporation. Dick Monfort also owns the Colorado Rockies Baseball Club and was the owner of Boston's now closed Highland Steakhouse, once the highest grossing steakhouse in the U.S.
Australian tennis pro Mark Philippoussis won the 1999 Newsweek Champions Cup - it marked the last singles championship to be played on the 11,500-seat stadium at the Hyatt Grand Champion Resort. The 2000 tournanent moved to the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, Charlie Pasarell's new tennis mecca with a 16,100 seat stadium. According to Pasarell the Indian Wells tournament had grown to be among the most prestigious sports events in the world and had totally outgrown the facilities at the Hyatt Grand Champions.
In 2003 owner Dick Monfort completed a $60 million expansion at the Hyatt Grand Champions Resort. The project began with the demolition of the 10,100 seat tennis stadium and a reduction of tennis courts from 12 to 3. The expansion included 142 guest rooms making the room count 480, a new 50,000 sq ft meeting facility and a 30,000 sq ft floating spa paradise, Agua Serena. John Orr, divisional vice president for Hyatt Hotels gave credit to Dick Monfort's perseverance for bringing this enhancement to fruitation. The General Manager at that time was Hendrick Santos. Santos later ran the Westin Rio Mar and the Gran Melia Golf Resort in Puerto Rico. Tom Netting was the VP and Managing Director during 2004-2007.
During 2005-06 the city of Indian Wells decided to plow under the two 19 year-old golf courses in a $45 million enhancement project. Clive Clark and John Fought were retained to completely re-do the Ted Robinson designed East Course and West Course along with the construction of a new clubhouse. Since 2006 the Indian Well's Golf Resort annual losses have exceeded a total of $20 million. In 1998, the former Erawan Garden Hotel was transformed beyond recognition into the Miramonte Resort. Together with the Hyatt Grand Champions, Indian Wells Resort Hotel, and Renaissance Esmeralda, the four properties were successful in generating room taxes that are more than 60% of the city of Indian Wells' operating budget.
In 2011 the Hyatt's general manager was Allan Farwell. He closed the resort during the month of July to facilitate the renovation of the resorts main entrance, lobby and front desk. Also the reconcepting and renaming of the former Santa Rosa Grill to Lantana Restaurant and lobby bar Agave Sunset were completed. The hotel temporarily closed its doors in July of 2012 to begin constructing the Citrus Marketplace and Cafe. During his 6 years in Indian Wells Farwell served as Chairman of the California Hotel and Lodging Association and Chairman of the Palm Springs Desert Resort Convention and Visitors Bureau.
In 2012, the resort changed its name from Hyatt Grand Champions to Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa. Doug Sears was the general manager from 2013 to 2017. In Oct 2017 Stephen D’Agostino was named general manager. D’Agostino most recently was general manager of Hyatt Regency Orange County.
Compiled by Dick Johnson, October 2018
The People's Garden is set up and ready for lettuce planting into raised garden beds (seen) and individual biodegradable pots, at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Whitten Building, in Washington, DC., on Monday, October 5, 2015. Agriculture Deputy Secretary Krysta Harden and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Deputy Administrator Dava Newman will join area FFA, 4-H members and Jefferson Middle School students to plant sister seeds to lettuce grown on the International Space Station. During the event, Harden and Newman will sign a new interagency agreement expanding USDA and NASA's commitment to promoting careers in science, technology, engineering, agriculture and math to young people. Before the signing, an Educational Session: How USDA and NASA Work Together began with talks from USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Administrator Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young. NASA Astronaut Cady Coleman, and NASA Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications Division Director Dr. Marshall Porterfield.
The People's Garden Executive Master Gardener volunteers have grown some of the plants to seedlings for planting in the garden and to be given to the gardening participants
The Lactuca sativa “Outredgeous Red Romaine Lettuce” seeds are from the same lot and bag as those flown to the International Space Station on the CRS-3 mission inside SpaceX’s dragon capsule launched April 18, 2014. The first crop was grown and harvested in 33 days, then sent to NASA Scientists at Kennedy Space Center for analysis. The second crop of lettuce was initiated in Veggie on July 8, 2015 by NASA’s one-year astronaut, Scott Kelly. After 33 days of care by Kjell Lindgren and Scott Kelly, the space plants were harvested and eaten. The seeds that produced the plants, which the astronauts ate, came from the same bag. USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
Photo taken in Zimbabwe under the Livelihood Food Security Programme (LFSP), a programme funded by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID), and implemented by FAO and, Palladium and Coffey. The programme aims to increase agricultural productivity, increase incomes, improve food and nutrition security, and reduce poverty in rural Zimbabwe. ©FAO/Leonard Makombe
Scouts Camporee on Omaha Beach Honors Heroes and Promotes Peace.
By Robert Turtil
U.S. Scouts gathered April 24 to 27 for the 2014 Omaha Beach Camporee, in event held every three years in Normandy, France. This years Camporee was particularly special, because it was recognized as the opening event of the 70th anniversary of the D Day landings planned for June. Hundreds of Scouts from France, Britain, Poland, Switzerland, the BeNeLux and Scandinavian countries, Germany and other nations joined for a weekend of remembrance.
U.S. embassy personnel and active duty service members brought their families from facilities around Europe and North Africa. More than a few F-16 fighter jockeys directed AstroVans from the Autobahn to the AutoRoute to the D-514, while others followed the more historic route across, or below, the English Channel. Some Scouts flew from American cities over their spring break, and as usual, moms led the charge when dads couldn’t get away. All converged on a welcoming destination for Americans on the French coast.
Nearly 4,200 troops and their supporting families battled sometimes horizontal rain to re-live the history, and recognize the sacrifices of American and Allied soldiers, many close to their own age, who have fought and died fighting for freedom and peace. World War Two Veterans were honored, and sacrifices made during The Great War, Korea, Vietnam and The War on Terror were also recognized by scout leaders and other volunteers, many of whom are U.S. Veterans, the traditional backbone of scouting in America.
Campsites were pitched in the rain, the mud and the dark; pots of pasta were swamped by tent malfunctions. The elements provoked short-term tears and tantrums, and perhaps a sleepless night. But complaints were mitigated with stories of invasion boats packed with seasick assault troops, mud filled foxholes, and cold k-rations, as Scouts peered at the sogginess of this Norman spring. But, as EVERY Scout knows, only fun will be remembered of the mud and chill of this weekend.
Scout convoys raced around the invasion coast following ambitious schedules: Utah Beach, Point D’Hoc, Sainte Mere Eglise, Arromanches, the Pegasus Bridge and many museums. Scouts and Veterans were the special guests of honor at the historic and grand Notre Dame Cathedral of Bayeux where clergy, along with national and local leaders, christened a newly forged Bell of Peace and Freedom. The Cathedral was a packed and flowing sea of international scout uniforms, flags and neckerchiefs… all highlighted by sunbeams streaking through stained-glass windows.
90 year-old, World War ll Army Air Force Veteran Captain Samuel Wiley Hammersmith, B-25 pilot with 28 missions in the Pacific, mingled with Scouts throughout the weekend.
New Eagles and candidates for the Order of the Arrow were sworn in at an Omaha Beach campfire in the most meaningful of ceremonies for Scouts and their families. A French Air Force flyover, a military band and youth choir opened the Messengers of Peace multimedia presentation, bringing home the sacrifices made in the past and the promise of peace Scouting seeks to contribute worldwide. That evening, friendships were made, neckerchiefs swapped, and Paella shared at sunset on the beach, followed by a fusillade of fireworks.
Sunday’s closing ceremony was held in the drizzle at the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial. Each Troop flew its colors and laid a wreath at the base of the huge bronze statue, The Spirit of American Youth Rising from the Waves. Scouts and their families then joined hundreds of others walking the many acres of markers, looking for specific names, or just looking, at the beauty- with history, the sense of sacrifice and a touch of tears that the damp, perfect green grass of the cemetery envokes. Slowly the parking lot emptied as each American Troop and Patrol headed in every direction across Europe and the ocean… home.
If you would like to support the Scouts quest to preserve Omaha Beach as a UNESCO World Heritage site, follow this link and sign the petition:
www.change.org/petitions/unesco-save-the-d-day-beaches-ma...
Photos Courtesy Robert Turtil
Scouts Camporee on Omaha Beach Honors Heroes and Promotes Peace.
By Robert Turtil
U.S. Scouts gathered April 24 to 27 for the 2014 Omaha Beach Camporee, in event held every three years in Normandy, France. This years Camporee was particularly special, because it was recognized as the opening event of the 70th anniversary of the D Day landings planned for June. Hundreds of Scouts from France, Britain, Poland, Switzerland, the BeNeLux and Scandinavian countries, Germany and other nations joined for a weekend of remembrance.
U.S. embassy personnel and active duty service members brought their families from facilities around Europe and North Africa. More than a few F-16 fighter jockeys directed AstroVans from the Autobahn to the AutoRoute to the D-514, while others followed the more historic route across, or below, the English Channel. Some Scouts flew from American cities over their spring break, and as usual, moms led the charge when dads couldn’t get away. All converged on a welcoming destination for Americans on the French coast.
Nearly 4,200 troops and their supporting families battled sometimes horizontal rain to re-live the history, and recognize the sacrifices of American and Allied soldiers, many close to their own age, who have fought and died fighting for freedom and peace. World War Two Veterans were honored, and sacrifices made during The Great War, Korea, Vietnam and The War on Terror were also recognized by scout leaders and other volunteers, many of whom are U.S. Veterans, the traditional backbone of scouting in America.
Campsites were pitched in the rain, the mud and the dark; pots of pasta were swamped by tent malfunctions. The elements provoked short-term tears and tantrums, and perhaps a sleepless night. But complaints were mitigated with stories of invasion boats packed with seasick assault troops, mud filled foxholes, and cold k-rations, as Scouts peered at the sogginess of this Norman spring. But, as EVERY Scout knows, only fun will be remembered of the mud and chill of this weekend.
Scout convoys raced around the invasion coast following ambitious schedules: Utah Beach, Point D’Hoc, Sainte Mere Eglise, Arromanches, the Pegasus Bridge and many museums. Scouts and Veterans were the special guests of honor at the historic and grand Notre Dame Cathedral of Bayeux where clergy, along with national and local leaders, christened a newly forged Bell of Peace and Freedom. The Cathedral was a packed and flowing sea of international scout uniforms, flags and neckerchiefs… all highlighted by sunbeams streaking through stained-glass windows.
90 year-old, World War ll Army Air Force Veteran Captain Samuel Wiley Hammersmith, B-25 pilot with 28 missions in the Pacific, mingled with Scouts throughout the weekend.
New Eagles and candidates for the Order of the Arrow were sworn in at an Omaha Beach campfire in the most meaningful of ceremonies for Scouts and their families. A French Air Force flyover, a military band and youth choir opened the Messengers of Peace multimedia presentation, bringing home the sacrifices made in the past and the promise of peace Scouting seeks to contribute worldwide. That evening, friendships were made, neckerchiefs swapped, and Paella shared at sunset on the beach, followed by a fusillade of fireworks.
Sunday’s closing ceremony was held in the drizzle at the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial. Each Troop flew its colors and laid a wreath at the base of the huge bronze statue, The Spirit of American Youth Rising from the Waves. Scouts and their families then joined hundreds of others walking the many acres of markers, looking for specific names, or just looking, at the beauty- with history, the sense of sacrifice and a touch of tears that the damp, perfect green grass of the cemetery envokes. Slowly the parking lot emptied as each American Troop and Patrol headed in every direction across Europe and the ocean… home.
If you would like to support the Scouts quest to preserve Omaha Beach as a UNESCO World Heritage site, follow this link and sign the petition:
www.change.org/petitions/unesco-save-the-d-day-beaches-ma...
Photos Courtesy Robert Turtil
artwork promoted by San Francisco Arts Committee: theme of 50 years of gay pride in San Francisco: Pride as Protest
Market Street, San Francisco
20200710_152001
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This visually dynamic 1960 Czech Republic badge promotes the famous International Engineering Fair (known as MSV Brno) that's been running annually from the Czech city of Brno since 1959. It is considered the premier industrial event in Central Europe with a world wide profile and reputation.
In its current format today, this major engineering Fair showcases and focuses on areas such as:
> mining, metallurgical, foundering, ceramic and glass engineering,
> material components for mechanical engineering,
> drives, hydraulics and pneumatics,
> cooling technology and air-conditioning,
> plastics, rubber technology and chemical industry,
> machining, forming and surface finishing,
> power engineering and heavy-current electrical engineering
> electronics, automation and measuring technology,
> ecological technology.
As well as hosting this particular engineering Fair, Brno, due in part to its important geographical location, has been holding Fairs since 1243. The catalyst behind the early Fairs was Brno's emerging textile industry with the first trade shows appearing in the 18th Century. Trade exhibitions since 1821 have included merchants from Vienna, Linz, Saxony, Hungary and Turkey.
Brno is synonymous with Trade Fairs reflecting its industrial, scientific and logistical hub profile within Central Europe. Along with the Brno's Industrial Engineering Fair, the city hosts multiple, diverse Fairs throughout the year embracing, for example, the areas of medical technology, automobiles, caravans, timber construction, minerals etc. Since 1928, the city has had a dedicated site for hosting trade fairs, an area that has radically grown in size throughout the subsequent decades.
From a graphic design perspective, the badge is one of those designs that is stylistically ahead of its time compared to the majority of branding work from this era. There is, primarily through the clarity of the sans serif typeface and colour scheme, an association with the 'clean' designs that emanated from the 1950s International Typographic Style (also known as Swiss Style). The typography works harmoniously with the bold directional arrows that allude to the trading exchange and transfer of knowledge between the 'East' and the 'West' (referencing Brno's pivotal geographical location). At the hub of the design is a gear or cogwheel, a well known device that symbolizes the notion of 'engineering' as well as the cycle of business, trade and knowledge generated by this Fair. The graphic on this badge is still used today (with very subtle modifications) as the brand for its International Engineering Fair - testimony to its visual durability and longevity for over 50 years... and still going strong.
Photography, layout and design: Argy58
(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a variety of print sizes e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded format is for screen based viewing only:72pi)
Last night the RCR team were on-hand as VIPs for the opening of the "Mermaid Museum" to promote the new mermaid drama “Siren,” on Freeform. The event is co-hosted by PopSugar and creates an immersive mermaid museum here in the heart of Hollywood. Best part... it is now open to the public from March 22nd to the 25th for fans to experience unique photo installations, illusions, and a live mermaid.
Screening the first three episodes, we can tell you that this is a really exciting new "original" series for lovers of "fanta-sea" and tales of mermaids. It's original, action packed and very engaging. There are twists, turns and lots of nailbiting scenes that will keep you wondering what will happen next...
Talking to the cast at the party was also a treat, they are very excited to see more fan reactions when the series premieres.
Freeform's Upcoming Drama 'Siren' Premieres on International Mermaid Day, March 29, with a Special Two-Hour Premiere
About the Mermaid Museum in Hollywood
Open to the public from March 22 to the 25, the free ticketed event will celebrate the mythological, mysterious, and beloved creatures with over five activations and celebrate the upcoming International Mermaid Day, which coincides with the series premiere on March 29. Featuring a live mermaid, a speakeasy-inspired fishing store, numerous photo structures and a 360° underwater immersive experience; the museum will celebrate and bring mermaid culture to life.
Giving Back
In celebration of sea creatures everywhere, Freeform will make a donation to Heal the Bay to help keep Los Angeles’ coastal waters and watersheds safe, healthy and clean. Additionally, the live mermaid will be swimming in a custom-built tank filled with 4,800 gallons of water which, at the end of the exhibition, will be donated to TreePeople. The water will go into a cistern at their facility in Los Angeles and will be used to water the surrounding landscape enjoyed by tens of thousands of hikers every year.
For video interviews and other Red Carpet Report coverage, please visit www.redcarpetreporttv.com and follow us on Twitter and Facebook at:
www.facebook.com/RedCarpetReport
www.youtube.com/MingleMediaTVNetwork
“Siren” premieres on International Mermaid Day, March 29 (8:00 - 10:00 p.m.), with a special two-hour event.
More About “Siren”
This series takes us inside Bristol Cove—a coastal town known for its legend of once being home to mermaids. When the arrival of a mysterious girl proves this folklore all too true, the battle between man and sea takes a very vicious turn as these predatory beings return to reclaim their right to the ocean. The series stars Alex Roe (“The 5th Wave”) as Ben, a bright marine biologist who finds himself drawn to Ryn, a mysterious new girl in town played by Eline Powell (“Game of Thrones”), who is a strange young woman with a deep dark secret. Fola Evans-Akingbola (“An American Exorcism”) stars as Maddie, also a marine biologist who works with Ben, and is highly suspicious of Ryn. Ian Verdun (“Life’s a Drag”) stars as Xander, a deep sea fisherman on a quest to uncover the truth; and Rena Owen (“Star Wars” Episodes II and III) as Helen, the town eccentric who seems to know more about the mermaids than she lets on.
Based on a story by Eric Wald and Dean White who both serve as executive producers. Emily Whitesell (“Finding Carter”) is on board as showrunner and executive producer. Brad Luff, Nate Hopper and RD Robb are also attached as executive producers.
Follow on IG www.instagram.com/Siren/
Like on FB www.facebook.com/Siren
Follow on Twitter twitter.com/SirenTV
More on freeform.go.com/shows/siren
Caveat: Nokia is a client of mine. Therefore you could argue [to an extent] that I'm cross about this blatant tagging/promotion deviousness however, you'd be wrong.
This isn't about that. This is about shoddy work.
Let me explain:
1. Searching for 'Nokia Lumia' does not automatically put me into the 'I want a new PC/slate' mental model. THESE ARE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS AND TWO COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PURCHASES.
2. The copy. 'The weight is over' - really?
3. I've worked with promoted tweets, using them like this is just terrible. There's no relevance, there's no context and, fundamentally, there's no dynamism whatsoever.
Poor show.
U.S. Army Africa photo by Sgt. 1st Class Kyle Davis
U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) hosted its second annual C4ISR Senior Leaders Conference Feb. 2-4 at Caserma Ederle, headquarters of U.S. Army Africa, in Vicenza, Italy.
The communications and intelligence community event, hosted by Brig. Gen. Robert Ferrell, AFRICOM C4 director, drew approximately 80 senior leaders from diverse U.S. military and government branches and agencies, as well as representatives of African nations and the African Union.
“The conference is a combination of our U.S. AFRICOM C4 systems and intel directorate,” said Ferrell. “We come together annually to bring the team together to work on common goals to work on throughout the year. The team consists of our coalition partners as well as our inter-agency partners, as well as our components and U.S. AFRICOM staff.”
The conference focused on updates from participants, and on assessing the present state and goals of coalition partners in Africa, he said.
“The theme for our conference is ‘Delivering Capabilities to a Joint Information Environment,’ and we see it as a joint and combined team ... working together, side by side, to promote peace and stability there on the African continent,” Ferrell said.
Three goals of this year’s conference were to strengthen the team, assess priorities across the board, and get a better fix on the impact that the establishment of the U.S. Cyber Command will have on all members’ efforts in the future, he said.
“With the stand-up of U.S. Cyber Command, it brings a lot of unique challenges that we as a team need to talk through to ensure that our information is protected at all times,” Ferrell said.
African Union (AU) representatives from four broad geographic regions of Africa attended, which generated a holistic perspective on needs and requirements from across the continent, he said.
“We have members from the African Union headquarters that is located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; we have members that are from Uganda; from Zambia; from Ghana; and also from the Congo. What are the gaps, what are the things that we kind of need to assist with as we move forward on our engagements on the African continent?” Ferrell said.
U.S. Army Africa Commander, Maj. Gen. David R. Hogg, welcomed participants as the conference got under way.
“We’re absolutely delighted to be the host for this conference, and we hope that this week you get a whole lot out of it,” said Hogg.
He took the opportunity to address the participants not only as their host, but from the perspective of a customer whose missions depend on the results of their efforts to support commanders in the field.
“When we’re talking about this group of folks that are here — from the joint side, from our African partners, from State, all those folks — it’s about partnership and interoperability. And every commander who’s ever had to fight in a combined environment understands that interoperability is the thing that absolutely slaps you upside the head,” Hogg said.
“We’re in the early stages of the process here of working with the African Union and the other partners, and you have an opportunity to design this from the end state, versus just building a bunch of ‘gunkulators.’ And so, the message is: think about what the end state is supposed to look like and construct the strategy to support the end state.
“Look at where we want to be at and design it that way,” Hogg said.
He also admonished participants to consider the second- and third-order effects of their choices in designing networks.
“With that said, over the next four days, I hope this conference works very well for you. If there’s anything we can do to make your stay better, please let us know,” Hogg said.
Over the following three days, participants engaged in a steady stream of briefings and presentations focused on systems, missions and updates from the field.
Col. Joseph W. Angyal, director of U.S. Army Africa G-6, gave an overview of operations and issues that focused on fundamentals, the emergence of regional accords as a way forward, and the evolution of a joint network enterprise that would serve all interested parties.
“What we’re trying to do is to work regionally. That’s frankly a challenge, but as we stand up the capability, really for the U.S. government, and work through that, we hope to become more regionally focused,” he said.
He referred to Africa Endeavor, an annual, multi-nation communications exercise, as a test bed for the current state of affairs on the continent, and an aid in itself to future development.
“In order to conduct those exercises, to conduct those security and cooperation events, and to meet contingency missions, we really, from the C4ISR perspective, have five big challenges,” Angyal said.
“You heard General Hogg this morning talk about ‘think about the customer’ — you’ve got to allow me to be able to get access to our data; I’ve got to be able to get to the data where and when I need it; you’ve got to be able to protect it; I have to be able to share it; and then finally, the systems have to be able to work together in order to build that coalition.
“One of the reasons General Ferrell is setting up this joint information enterprise, this joint network enterprise . . . it’s almost like trying to bring together disparate companies or corporations: everyone has their own system, they’ve paid for their own infrastructure, and they have their own policy, even though they support the same major company.
“Now multiply that when you bring in different services, multiply that when you bring in different U.S. government agencies, and then put a layer on top of that with the international partners, and there are lots of policies that are standing in our way.”
The main issue is not a question of technology, he said.
“The boxes are the same — a Cisco router is a Cisco router; Microsoft Exchange server is the same all over the world — but it’s the way that we employ them, and it’s the policies that we apply to it, that really stops us from interoperating, and that’s the challenge we hope to work through with the joint network enterprise.
“And I think that through things like Africa Endeavor and through the joint enterprise network, we’re looking at knocking down some of those policy walls, but at the end of the day they are ours to knock down. Bill Gates did not design a system to work only for the Army or for the Navy — it works for everyone,” Angyal said.
Brig. Gen. Joseph Searyoh, director general of Defense Information Communication Systems, General Headquarters, Ghana Armed Forces, agreed that coordinating policy is fundamental to improving communications with all its implications for a host of operations and missions.
“One would expect that in these modern times there is some kind of mutual engagement, and to build that engagement to be strong, there must be some kind of element of trust. … We have to build some kind of trust to be able to move forward,” said Searyoh.
“Some people may be living in silos of the past, but in the current engagement we need to tell people that we are there with no hidden agenda, no negative hidden agenda, but for the common good of all of us.
“We say that we are in the information age, and I’ve been saying something: that our response should not be optional, but it must be a must, because if you don’t join now, you are going to be left behind.
“So what do we do? We have to get our house in order.
“Why do I say so? We used to operate like this before the information age; now in the information age, how do we operate?
“So, we have to get our house in order and see whether we are aligning ourselves with way things should work now. So, our challenge is to come up with a strategy, see how best we can reorganize our structures, to be able to deliver communications-information systems support for the Ghana Armed Forces,” he said.
Searyoh related that his organization has already accomplished one part of erecting the necessary foundation by establishing an appropriate policy structure.
“What is required now is the implementing level. Currently we have communications on one side, and computers on one side. The lines are blurred — you cannot operate like that, you’ve got to bring them together,” he said.
Building that merged entity to support deployed forces is what he sees as the primary challenge at present.
“Once you get that done you can talk about equipment, you can talk about resources,” Searyoh said. “I look at the current collaboration between the U.S. and the coalition partners taking a new level.”
“The immediate challenges that we have is the interoperability, which I think is one of the things we are also discussing here, interoperability and integration,” said Lt. Col. Kelvin Silomba, African Union-Zambia, Information Technology expert for the Africa Stand-by Force.
“You know that we’ve got five regions in Africa. All these regions, we need to integrate them and bring them together, so the challenge of interoperability in terms of equipment, you know, different tactical equipment that we use, and also in terms of the language barrier — you know, all these regions in Africa you find that they speak different languages — so to bring them together we need to come up with one standard that will make everybody on board and make everybody able to talk to each other,” he said.
“So we have all these challenges. Other than that also, stemming from the background of these African countries, based on the colonization: some of them were French colonized, some of them were British colonized and so on, so you find that when they come up now we’ve adopted some of the procedures based on our former colonial masters, so that is another challenge that is coming on board.”
The partnership with brother African states, with the U.S. government and its military branches, and with other interested collaborators has had a positive influence, said Silomba.
“Oh, it’s great. From the time that I got engaged with U.S. AFRICOM — I started with Africa Endeavor, before I even came to the AU — it is my experience that it is something very, very good.
“I would encourage — I know that there are some member states — I would encourage that all those member states they come on board, all of these regional organizations, that they come on board and support the AFRICOM lead. It is something that is very, very good.
“As for example, the African Union has a lot of support that’s been coming in, technical as well as in terms of knowledge and equipment. So it’s great; it’s good and it’s great,” said Salimba.
Other participant responses to the conference were positive as well.
“The feedback I’ve gotten from every member is that they now know what the red carpet treatment looks like, because USARAF has gone over and above board to make sure the environment, the atmosphere and the actual engagements … are executed to perfection,” said Ferrell. “It’s been very good from a team-building aspect.
“We’ve had very good discussions from members of the African Union, who gave us a very good understanding of the operations that are taking place in the area of Somalia, the challenges with communications, and laid out the gaps and desires of where they see that the U.S. and other coalition partners can kind of improve the capacity there in that area of responsibility.
“We also talked about the AU, as they are expanding their reach to all of the five regions, of how can they have that interoperability and connectivity to each of the regions,” Ferrell said.
“(It’s been) a wealth of knowledge and experts that are here to share in terms of how we can move forward with building capacities and capabilities. Not only for U.S. interests, but more importantly from my perspective, in building capacities and capabilities for our African partners beginning with the Commission at the African Union itself,” said Kevin Warthon, U.S. State Department, peace and security adviser to the African Union.
“I think that General Ferrell has done an absolutely wonderful thing by inviting key African partners to participate in this event so they can share their personal experience from a national, regional and continental perspective,” he said.
Warthon related from his personal experience a vignette of African trust in Providence that he believed carries a pertinent metaphor and message to everyone attending the conference.
“We are not sure what we are going to do tomorrow, but the one thing that I am sure of is that we are able to do something. Don’t know when, don’t know how, but as long as our focus is on our ability to assist and to help to progress a people, that’s really what counts more than anything else,” he said.
“Don’t worry about the timetable; just focus on your ability to make a difference and that’s what that really is all about.
“I see venues such as this as opportunities to make what seems to be the impossible become possible. … This is what this kind of venue does for our African partners.
“We’re doing a wonderful job at building relationships, because that’s where it begins — we have to build relationships to establish trust. That’s why this is so important: building trust through relationships so that we can move forward in the future,” Warthon said.
Conference members took a cultural tour of Venice and visited a traditional winery in the hills above Vicenza before adjourning.
To learn more about U.S. Army Africa visit our official website at www.usaraf.army.mil
Official Twitter Feed: www.twitter.com/usarmyafrica
Official YouTube video channel: www.youtube.com/usarmyafrica
Work promotes confidence
Date Created/Published: [New York] : Federal Art Project, [between 1936 and 1941]
Medium: 1 print on board (poster) : silkscreen, color.
Summary: Poster for Works Progress Administration encouraging laborers to gain confidence from their work, showing stylized man holding hammer.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZC2-1018 (color film copy slide) LC-USZ62-59986 (b&w film copy neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: POS - WPA - NY .01 .W76, no. 1 (C size) [P&P]
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Notes:
Work Projects Administration Poster Collection (Library of Congress).
Posters of the WPA / Christopher DeNoon. Los Angeles : Wheatly Press, c1987, no. 1
wpa_work promoters confidence_M
Society of Friends of Music in Vienna
The Society of Friends of Music in Vienna (briefly : Wiener Musikverein) is a traditional club in Vienna to promote musical culture. It was founded in 1812.
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of the site!)
Founded Concert 1812
Foundation
On 29 November and 3 December 1812 was performed in the Winter Riding School of the Hofburg the Handel oratorio Timothy. This concert can be considered as a trigger for the founding of the Society of Friends of Music in Vienna. As the founder of the association is Joseph Sonnleithner (1766-1835) then secretary of the imperial Viennese court theater (Burgtheater and Kärntnertortheater). The proceeds of the concert should benefit the newly founded institution. Emperor Franz I donated 1,000 guilders, the net profit amounted to 25,934 florins finally Viennese currency. First office of the company was the Lobkowitz Palace today Lobkowitzplatz.
Goals
According to its statutes, which originated in 1814, is the "Empor renewed progress on music in all its branches" primary purpose of the Company.
The Friends of Music Society reaches(d) this in three ways:
The establishment of a conservatory,
The systematic collection of musicological documents (archive)
Organizing their own concerts.
To date, private commitment of individual members shapes the functioning of the Company. Since January 2000, all editions of the monthly appearing club newspaper "music lovers" on the website of the company are available .
Concerts
On the initiative of Antonio Salieri's first choral activities at the Musikverein go back, for example, also in 1824 at the Vienna initial or first performances of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis and 9th Symphony was involved. After there had been choral concerts of the Association for many years, then in 1858 was the official establishment of the Concert Choir held as a branch association of the Vienna Musikverein. The first principal conductor of the Vienna Singing Society was Johann von Herbeck, directs the choir since 1991, Johannes Prinz.
Musikverein (1831-1870) to the Tuchlauben (home to the Red Hedgehog), first building on the right, then No. 558, now No. 12
First concert hall of the society
1829 , the Company purchased a scoring for Kärnthnerviertl house on the Tuchlauben (home to the Red Hedgehog, rented from 1822, then House # 558, today Tuchlauben 12) with several business offices and apartments, it had the house demolished and gave at Franz Lossl (Site Manager: Carl Högl) by around 88,000 guilders (including equipment) the construction of a three storey new building with a concert hall on the 1st Floor in order. The site was approximately opposite the former Ofenlochgasse, since 1863 Kleeblattgasse. The Brandstätte that time not yet branched of from the Tuchlauben, but was a small place near the St. Stephen's Cathedral.
The festival opening concert of the hall took place on 4 November 1831 instead (then the cholera raged in Vienna). The Musikverein contributed among other things at this location (visitor concerts were still highly popular in the large ball room of the Hofburg ) essentially to the public concert life in Vienna.
The hall proved with 700 seats soon to be too small, but was still used for almost 40 years. 1846 gas lighting was installed. In the upper floors of the Conservatory and the archives of the Society, offices and rehearsal rooms were located.
The Society of Friends of Music in 1870 moved into their new house and sold its first house in the same year. In the subsequent use of it emerged inter alia the Strampfer-Theatre. The building was demolished in 1885.
Vienna Musikverein in 1898
Today's office of the Company
1863, Emperor Franz Joseph I donates the society from the state capital, the area on the bank of the river opposite the Vienna Karlskirche (church). It was on the former glacis of the 1858 demolished city walls around the old town. 1861-1869 emerged near the present-day Vienna State Opera, on the neighboring construction site on the riverbank 1865-1868 the Vienna Künstlerhaus, on the direction of ring road adjacent square 1862-1865 today's Imperial Hotel.
The of Theophil Hansen, who later built the Parliament, designed house, shortened to Vienna Musikverein, was on 6 January 1870 opened with a celebratory concert. That same year, the High Steward of the Emperor, Prince Constantine zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, was in gratitude for the favor of the imperial court for the new building project appointed as a honorary member of the society.
1869 Carl Heissler was the first conductor of the orchestra of the Society of Friends of Music in Vienna. 187, and 1872 was the Russian composer Anton Rubinstein artistic director of the company. After a short time he was replaced by Johannes Brahms.
Children and Youth Projects
In order to convey the joy of music and access to classical culture children and adolescents, the Friends of Music Society offers a pertinent program: In April 1989, it was the first "Celebration for Children" in all the rooms of the Musikverein building, since the offer has been steadily expanded and now includes more than 150 projects for all ages 3-19 years. The 20-year anniversary of the youth concerts was celebrated with a big party at the Vienna Musikverein in 2009. Symbol of child and youth concerts of the Society of Friends of Music is the concert clown Allegretto.
Artistic performances will be processed in accordance with the relevant age requirements paying particular attention to opportunities for active contribution. These include sing and dance along to the little ones, a gallery of children's drawings on the Internet and artist talks under the slogan "meet the artist" with internationally renowned conductors, soloists and composers for 15- to 19- year-old.
Conservatory of the Society of Music Lovers
The Conservatory was the first public music school in Vienna and was founded in 1819 by the violinist Joseph Böhm. As early as 1818, the Court Kapellmeister Antonio Salieri began to form a singing class. The general musical newspaper wrote here about 7 January 1818: "As the beginning of a newly established Conservatory imparts our worthy Hofkapellm. (chapel masteer) Salieri already to 12 girls and 12 boys gratuitous singing lessons."
On 19 April, the first 24 students of the Conservatory presented themselves in a collective concert of the Friends of Music to the public and sing an A cappella choral of Salieri. The dedication on the autograph reads: "Ringraziamento because farsi alli Benefattori del Conservatorio della musica nazionale inglese dalli primi Ventiquattro allieve dodici Ragazzi e dodici Ragazze, di detto luogo, nella quarta accademia dei dilettanti il giorno 19 Aprile 1818".
In the 19th Century, this facility has been significantly expanded, in the 1890s it had more than 1,000 students and found imitation in Vienna in other such facilities. In 1909, the private institute was to resolution of the emperor as "k.k. Academy of Music and Dramatic Art" nationalized. Thus, it is predecessor of today's University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna.
Archive
The archives of the Society of Friends of Music is one of the most important music collections in the world.
Personalities
Musikverein building of 1870 (2006)
Musikverein building at night
Founder
Joseph Sonnleithner (1766-1835)
Co-Founder
Fanny von Arnstein (1758-1818)
Prince Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz (1772-1816) , Major General, art lover and patron
Famous members
Leopold of Sonnleithner (1797-1873), lawyer and music collector
January Václav Voříšek (1791-1825), composer, pianist and organist, as a member in 1818.
Franz Schubert (1797-1828), full member from 12 June 1827
Concert directors
Carl Heissler, lithography by Joseph Kriehuber, 1866
Carl Heissler (1823-1878), Artistic Director 1869-1871
Anton Rubinstein, Artistic Director 1871-1872
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), concert director 1872-1875
Eduard Schön (1825-1879), Ministerialrat and composer, director in 1870
Johann von Herbeck (1831-1877), conductor and composer
Hans Richter (1843-1916), conductor, director until 1900
Franz Schalk (1863-1931), concert director 1904-1921
Ferdinand Löwe (1865-1925), concert director
Wilhelm Furtwängler (1886-1954), concert director 1921-1927 (jointly with Leopold Reichwein)
Leopold Reichwein (1878-1945), concert director 1921-1927 (together with Wilhelm Furtwängler)
Robert Heger (1886-1978), concert director 1925-1933
Walter Legge (1906-1979), director from 1946
Herbert von Karajan (1908-1989), last concert director 1948-1964
Vice Presidents
Raphael Georg Kiesewetter (1773-1850), privy councillor and musician, vice president 1821-1843
Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), industrialist, vice president in 1880
Gustav Ortner (born 1935) , diplomat, vice president since 2001
Directorate members
Heinrich Eduard Josef von Lannoy (1787-1853), conductor and composer, member
Martin Gustav Nottebohm (1817-1882), musicologist and composer, member from 1858
Anthony van Hoboken (1887-1983), musicologist and collector, member since 1957
Brothers Czartoryski, circa 1870
Secretaries
Leopold Alexander Zellner, general secretary in 1880
Botstiber Hugo (1875-1941), secretary and office director 1905-1912
Angyan Thomas (born 1953), general and artistic director since 1988
Archivist
Martin Gustav Nottebohm in 1864
Eusebius Mandyczewski (1857-1929), musicologist and composer, from 1887
Karl Geiringer (1899-1989), musicologist and librarian, 1930-1938
Otto Biba (born 1946), musicologist and director of the archive, since 1979
{[es]
FECHA DE PROYECTO: 2009 {br}
FECHA DE OBRA: 2009 {br}
PROMOTOR: BILBAO RIA 2000 {br}
{La oficina interviene en este trabajo como colaboradora de la Ingeniería Esteyco en el marco de una iniciativa de trabajo multidisciplinar entre los campos de la ingeniería y la arquitectura, ambos con límites difusos, capaz de aportar una mirada más diversa y enriquecedora.{br} El proyecto de ascensor se plantea, inicialmente para resolver la comunicación vertical entre la superficie de la urbanización y un aparcamiento subterráneo de reciente construcción. .No obstante, se presenta la oportunidad, aprovechando la misma implantación, de resolver la conexión vertical, a nivel peatonal, de la trama urbana que confluye en la ladera que separa el Barrio de Irala del Barrio de Ametzola. En este último se han realizado intervenciones de fuerte calado para el desarrollo urbano de Bilbao y sus áreas de oportunidad, el más significativo la Variante Sur Ferroviaria y otra serie de actuaciones no tan significativas, a nivel de estructura urbana, pero si importantes en la medida en que han configurado un nuevo espacio urbano singular, residual en tanto que ha permanecido aislado, pero llamado a ser el punto de encuentro y relación de los habitantes del entorno de Irala una vez resuelta la comunicación y la continuidad del tejido urbano.{br}La ladera presenta desniveles de diez a dieciocho metros y una pendiente que imposibilita el trazado de una calle pero permite la inserción de rampas o escaleras de conexión entre la arteria principal del Área de Ametzola, la Avenida del Ferrocarril y la calle más próxima del Área de Irala, la calle Batalla de Padura, integrados en un parque que sirva como soporte de todos los elementos de comunicación. {br} El proyecto se desarrolla en coherencia formal con una serie de pequeñas intervenciones anteriores consistentes en construcciones de pequeña escala para alojar un ascensor, un centro de transformación o un edículo de alojamiento de un vestíbulo de salida de peatones de las líneas ferroviarias subterráneas.{br} El núcleo de comunicación vertical está compuesto por dos ascensores, alojados en dos torres de hormigón para uso independiente de usuarios del aparcamiento y peatones, entre los que se inserta una pasarela peatonal de unos tres metros de anchura que hace la función de puente y enlaza con la calle Batalla de Padura. La torre baja, de unos catorce metros de altura, se encaja sobre la estructura del foso e incorpora el ascensor de conexión ente Padura y los tres niveles del aparcamiento. La otra torre, más alta, de unos 22 m, sobresale sobre Batalla de Padura como el elemento singular de relación entre la parte alta de Irala y el área de Ametzola.{br} Las torres se conforman como dos láminas de hormigón plegadas, de tres metros de anchura y unos 50 cm de espesor, que albergan las estructuras metálicas de soporte de los elevadores. Las dos caras abiertas del pliegue en ambas torres se cierran con láminas de vidrio laminado de colores verdes, un verde claro para la torre alta y verde más brillante para la torre del aparcamiento y el edículo de salida.{br} La iluminación nocturna situada en el interior de las estructuras resalta la geometría de las láminas de hormigón y refleja al exterior un halo verde de distinta intensidad, visible y reconocible desde el entorno inmediato de la ciudad. Desde Ametzola será un gran faro al final de la avenida, desde Miribilla el primer elemento urbano del renovado barrio.} {br}
{FOTOS: Nº1,Nº2,Nº3 ,Nº4 ,Nº5 ,Nº6 ,Nº7 ,Nº8 ,Nº9 ,Nº10 ,Nº11 {br}
IMB ARQUITECTOS}{br}
}
{[en]
PROJECT DATE:2009{br}
WOKS DATE:2009{br}
CLIENT: BILBAO RIA 2000 {br}
{ The office is involved in this work as a collaborator of Engineering Esteyco in the framework of a multidisciplinary working between the fields of engineering and architecture, both with fuzzy boundaries, which could provide a more diverse and rich look.{br} The elevator project is raised, initially to resolve the vertical communication between the surface and underground parking urbanization of recent construction. . However, there is an opportunity, using the same implementation, to resolve the vertical connection to pedestrian level of the urban fabric that flows into the hillside separating the Barrio de Irala Ametzola Quarter. In the latter interventions were made strong draft for the urban development of Bilbao and its areas of opportunity, the most significant South Alternative Rail and a number of actions not so significant, in terms of urban structure, but important to the extent they have formed a unique new urban space, while residual has remained isolated, but called to be the meeting place and relationship of the dwellers of Irala once we have communication and continuity of the urban fabric. The hillside has slopes of ten to eighteen meters and a slope that precludes the drawing of a street but allows the inclusion of ramps and stairs connecting the main artery Ametzola Area, Railroad Avenue and the nearest street Area Irala, Battle of Padura Street, built in a park that serves as a support for all elements of communication.{br} The project is formally consistent with a small number of previous interventions consisting of small-scale buildings to house an elevator, a transformer or a little building housing a pedestrian departure hall of the railway lines underground.
{br} •The square Otsa{br} The vertical communication core is composed of two elevators, housed in two concrete towers to independent use of park users and pedestrians, including a pedestrian bridge is inserted about three meters wide that serves as a bridge and link to Street Battle of Padura. The low tower, about fourteen feet high, is fitted on the structure of the elevator pit and incorporates body connection Padura and the three levels of parking. The other tower, taller, about 22 m, stands on Battle of Padura as the unique characteristic of relationship between the top of Irala and Ametzola area.
{br} The towers are shaped like two sheets of folded concrete, three feet wide and 50 cm thick metal structures that house the support of the elevators. Both sides fold open in both towers are closed with sheets of laminated glass in green, light green for the tall tower and brighter green for parking tower and the little building out.{br} The night lighting on the inside of the structures emphasizes the geometry of the layers of concrete and abroad reflects a green halo of varying intensity, visible and recognizable from the immediate environment of the city. From Ametzola be a great beacon light at the end of the avenue, from Miribilla the first element of the renewed urban neighborhood.} {br}
{PICTURES: Nº1,Nº2, Nº3 ,Nº4 ,Nº5 ,Nº6 ,Nº7 ,Nº8 ,Nº9 ,Nº10 ,Nº11 {br}
IMB ARQUITECTOS}{br}
}
{[eus]
PROIEKTU DATA: 2009-an {br}
LANAREN DATA: 2009-an {br}
SUSTATZAILEA: BILBAO RIA 2000{br}
{ Kasu honetan, bulegoak, Esteyco ingenieritzarekin lan egiten du, arkitektura eta ingeneria arloak bateratzen, eta bakoitzaren ikuspuntua proiektua aberasteko.{br} Igogailuaren proiektua, urbanizatutako azalera eta lur-azpiko aprkalekua konektatzeko balio izan du. Hala ere, aukera paregabea dago proiektuarekin, Irala auzo eta Ametzola auzoetako oinezkoen arazoa konpontzeko.{br} Azken auzo honetan eraberritze lan indartsuak egin dira, Bilboren garapenerako. Nabarmenena, Hegoaldeko sahiesbidearena ,beste batzuk ez ain garrantzitsuak estruktura mailan, adibidez, baina aldaketa handia suposatu dutenak, bai topagune eta biztanleen arteko hartu emanetan. Paisana urbano berri bat azaleratu da, eta jarraipena duen proiektu baten barnean dago.{br} Mendi-mazelak hamar hemezortzi metroko mailen desberdintasuna eta maldatsua denez, ezinezkoa da kale bat eraikitea, baina, irtenbide bezala arrapala eta eskaileren bitartez Ametzolako kale nagusia, Trenbidearen etorbidea eta Iralako Padurako gudak kalea lotzeko ahaleginak egin dira.{br} Proeiktuaren garapena, koherentzia formal bat du helburu, horretarako eraikin multzo txiki batzuk egiten dira, Tranformazio zentroa, Trenaren erabiltzaileendako sarrera, igogailuak, etb.{br} Hormigoizkoak diren bi dorrekin konpontzenda komunikazio bertikala. bi igogailurekin osatzen da, batak aparkalekuentzat eta bestea oinezkoentzat da. Bien artean hiru metroko zabalera duen pasabide eraikitzen da iralako kalearentzat. Dorre baxuak, 14 metroko garriera dauka, eta Padura eta lur –azpiko 3solairu elkartzen ditu. Beste dorrea 22metrokoa da eta Maduraren gainetik azaleratzen da mugarri bezala.{br} Hormigoizko xaflak 3 metroko zabalera eta 50 zentimetroko lodierakoak igogailuaren estructura gordetzen dute. Beste bi aurpegiak berde koloreko beira iejztuarekin egiten da.{br} Gaueko argiztatzea estructuraren barnean aurkitzen da. Horrela, hormigoiaren geometria nabarmentzen da, gainera, intentsitate desberdineko zisku berde islatzen du
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Arthur Caswell Parker
Arthur C. Parker (1881–1955) was among the most important Native American scholars and intellectuals of the twentieth century. Of an ethnically diverse background, he was a complex figure familiar from childhood with both Native American and European American cultures, but not always fully at home in either atmosphere.
Parker's writings on the Seneca and Iroquois cultures are still read and used today by anthropologists. Additionally, he filled the role of public intellectual several times during his career, writing books about Native American culture for general audiences and attempting to advance awareness of modern Native American identity among the general American public. Parker held leadership positions in pan-Indian institutions, and his efforts to promote trans-tribal solidarity among Indian groups, though they ran into difficulties at the time, had lasting influence. Parker's museum work, too, was influential; he was one of the first museum administrators to view the museum as a tool of cultural education, and he was an early adopter of such familiar museum elements as the diorama.
Considered Non-Indian
Born April 5, 1881, on the Seneca tribe's Cattaraugus Reservation in New York's Finger Lakes region, Parker had a complex identity from the start. He was descended on his father's side from a long line of Seneca leaders; his uncle Ely Parker was a Civil War veteran who had been part of the inner circle of General Ulysses S. Grant and later became the first Native American named United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Parker's father and grandfather, however, both married women of European descent; Parker's mother Geneva was a missionary and teacher of Scottish background. Since Seneca clan membership is matrilineal (reckoned through the mother's side), neither Parker nor his father was considered a Seneca. Parker's father worked for the New York Central Railroad and continued to live, however, on a family farm on Seneca land, so Parker spent most of his childhood there. Adding to the complications of his background was the fact that though he was raised as a Christian, his family had ties to the traditional Seneca religion that had been carried forward into the modern era by the prophet Handsome Lake. And, he wrote in the introduction to Skunny Wundy, his book of Seneca stories, into the family home would come "many a visitor from the wilder parts of the reservation, visitors who lived back in the woods or on the hill where the long-house people dwelt, they who followed the old Indian customs and had grotesque masks and dances and who wore feathers and buckskins."
Parker's family left the reservation and moved to White Plains, New York, north of New York City, in 1892. Parker graduated from high school there in 1897, although he would return to school several times, his high school diploma represented his last completed degree. Intensely curious, and later a prolific writer who issued some 250 books and articles, he nevertheless was restless in formal educational settings and abandoned them when he felt called to turn directly to important work. Plus, wherever he went to school, he never quite fit in. "I was too far ahead for a government [Indian] school and too poor to go to college," he wrote (as quoted by his biographer Joy Porter in To Be Indian: The Life of Iroquois-Seneca Arthur Caswell Parker). "I worked my way through the rudiments of an education and when I was through school I realized that my education had just begun. I studied faithfully ever since, laying out a course of study for myself every year."
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Briefly attending the Centenary Collegiate Institute in Hackettstown, New Jersey, Parker got his real education when he became a frequent visitor to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Curators there, including Harvard anthropology professor Frederick W. Putnam, were impressed by Parker's serious attitude and took time to answer his questions, even when he brought in birds' eggs or random pieces of pottery he found. Parker also became acquainted with writer Harriet Maxwell Converse, a poet and journalist with an interest in Native American culture. He called her Aunt Hattie and attended a "salon"—an intellectual discussion group—at her home that included both Indian and white members.
A friend of Converse's introduced Parker to anthropologist Franz Boas, who was in the process of founding a highly influential Ph.D. program in anthropology at Columbia University in New York and urged Parker to apply. But Parker was not comfortable with Boas, partly because Boas disparaged the work of pioneer ethnographer Lewis Henry Morgan, a close friend and associate of Ely Parker. Parker chose instead to take the advice of a clergyman on the Seneca Reservation and enrolled in 1900 at Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, planning to become a minister. He left that program after three years, however, without a degree.
Honed Writing Skills as Reporter
Parker continued to do archaeological work on the side while at Dickinson, working on digs on the nearby Cattaraugus Reservation and at the Oyster Bay Indian mounds on Long Island. The trips back to Seneca land were homecomings that deepened his interest in Indian traditions. He apprenticed himself to archaeologist Mark Harrington, to whom Putnam had recommended him. Sometimes he wrote science articles for the New York Sun newspaper, and his voluminous future writings, whether technical or not, were generally clear and accessible. Parker gained a reputation as a hard worker, and other archaeological assignments, on Iroquois land and elsewhere, began to come his way. On his own he began an organized plan of action to collect information about Seneca culture, and he was recognized as a rising authority on the tribe. In 1903 he was made a Seneca in a ceremony and given the name Gáwasowaneh (or Gawaso Wanneh), which meant Big Snow Snake. Other anthropologists had been similarly honored, but another ceremony, in which Parker was inducted into an Iroquois secret medicine society, was more unusual. Later in life Parker's friends in the museum world gave him yet another name, "The Chief."
Hired in 1903 as a field ethnologist by the New York State Library and Museum, Parker collected speeches, folk tales, and objects relating to Iroquois culture. The following year he married Beatrice Tahamont, a woman of Abenaki background. They had two children but later divorced. By a second wife, Anna, he had one child. After passing a state civil service exam, Parker advanced to the position of staff archaeologist with the state museum. This period of his life was productive in terms of scholarly writing; he wrote several major books on Seneca and Iroquois culture, but one of them, The Constitution of the Five Nations (1916), was criticized because reviewers felt he had not sufficiently investigated the origins of the documents he used. Among Parker's other books were An Erie Indian Village and Burial Site (1907), Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants (1910), The Code of Handsome Lake, Seneca Prophet (1913, with drawing by Seneca artist Jesse Cornplanter), Seneca Myths and Folktales (1923), and Red Jacket: Last of the Seneca, reprinted as Red Jacket: Seneca Chief. As Parker advanced in the museum profession he had less and less time to spend on research, but he continued to write when he could. He remained at the New York State Museum until 1924.
Another major time commitment for Parker came when he helped found the Society for American Indians (SAI) in 1911, later advancing to the positions of secretary and president of that organization. The SAI was something of a Native American counterpart to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); it was a group that worked toward the full integration of Indians into American life even as they retained and built on their identities as Indians. Parker, like many other Native Americans, felt tension between those goals, and the issue of Indian participation in World War I led to disagreements within the group. Parker believed that the integration of Native Americans into the U.S. armed forces would help their position in society in general, but others asked why Indians, who were not citizens, should fight for a country that denied them civil rights. After editing the society's American Indian Magazine for five years, Parker left the organization. He acted as a consultant on Indian affairs to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, and Coolidge, but later in life he became discouraged about the possibilities for full assimilation of Indians into American society.
Appointed Museum Director
In 1925 Parker became the director of the Rochester Museum, later renamed the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences. He fit the profile of a museum director: photographs and testimonies of the time reveal a dignified-looking man, with a slight Iroquois accent, who was slow to anger and had a gift for putting strangers and associates at ease in conversation. Parker's influence in the museum world went beyond Indian affairs. He said (according to the introduction to his book Red Jacket: Seneca Chief) that a museum was "the university of the common man," and he viewed museums as places that could educate rather than simply dazzle their visitors. Some credited Parker with originating the idea of the museum as an educational institution, and the look of the modern historical museums, with its detailed, authentic three-dimensional displays and dioramas, owes something to Parker, who sweated over the details of such displays in Rochester. He instructed museum staff to base the painted backgrounds of displays on actual scenes from Iroquois lands, and the figures who inhabited his display villages were made from life masks of living Native Americans.The job of museum director was a demanding one as Parker shepherded the Rochester Museum through funding hazards during the Depression and World War II eras. He led the museum in acquiring a massive collection of Iroquois artifacts that remains very important, and he also worked to further the efforts of contemporary Native American crafts-people, buying their works and becoming involved with the Depression-era Works Progress Administration to make sure that Native Americans received a fair share of the art projects sponsored by the government agency during those years. In the midst of all this, Parker found time to write several more books, including Skunny Wundy, an enduring collection of Seneca stories for children.Later in life Parker received various honorary degrees, including an honorary master's degree in science from the University of Rochester in 1922, and honorary doctorates from Union College (in 1940) and Keuka College in 1945. A particularly significant honor for him was his ascent to the 33rd Degree level of the Order of Masons, an organization with which he remained closely involved for much of his life. Parker retired from the Rochester Museum in 1946, continued to write, and became active in a new pan-Indian organization, the National Congress of American Indians. He died on January 1, 1955, in Naples, New York, in a home he had built overlooking what he believed to be land where his ancestors had lived.
Books
Notable Native Americans, Gale, 1995.
Parker, Arthur C., Skunny Wundy: Seneca Indian Tales, Syracuse University Press, 1994.
―――――, Red Jacket: Seneca Chief, University of Nebraska Press, 1998.
Porter, Joy, To Be Indian: The Life of Iroquois-Seneca Arthur Caswell Parker, University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.
Online
"Arthur C. Parker," Encyclopedia of the American Indian, college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_027800... (January 31, 2006).
HBO has been promoting the new season of their Prohibition-era series Boardwalk Empire by running a vintage 1920s train on the 2/3 lines on weekends in September. The train makes stops at 42nd St/Times Square, 72nd Street, and 96th Street. Today I got to ride on it! The train has vintage seating and lighting, old school subway maps, open windows, ceiling fans, and even some vintage looking riders!
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Rudolph Valentino while traveling across country to promote his last movie, The Son of the Sheik took ill. On August 15th 1926 he was rushed to Polyclinic Hospital for severe abdominal pains. X-Rays confirmed a large perforated ulcer. Surgery was performed to cleaned the abdomen cavity of the infection. Within days his gut was swollen, bruised and blotchy. Further X-Rays were taken and revealed pleurisy and all hopes of recovery were lost.
Nurses wept as they attempted to make his final hours pleasant. A priest was called to perform the last rites. Crowds outside waited for word. Police had to form a ring around the hospital because of the thousands of mostly female fans besieging it.
Thing is, he probably would have survived if the surgeons weren’t so freaked out by the fact that "Valentino" was in their midst. They were terrified "being THE ONE to cut open Valentino", that they procrastinated for several hours, dramatically worsening his condition. Technically he may have been killed by his own celebrity.
His last words were spoken to Joseph Schenck, Chairman of the Board of United Artists, "Don't worry Chief, I will be all right." Last rites were given to Rudolph 10am.
At 12:10pm on August 23, 1926 The Great Lover died at age 31.
People flipped. Two women attempted suicide outside the hospital. In London, another took poison in front of a photograph of Valentino, while a boy in New York died on a bed covered with Valentino photos (drama queen). Valentino's body was taken in a plain wicker basket covered in a gold cloth, to the Campbell funeral home in NYC.
The first funeral was in New York, and drew a crowd of 100,000 in what was describe as a "carnival setting". More than 100,000 fans filed past his open casket at the Frank E. Campbell funeral home. A spokesperson for the Funeral Home said in a statement, "Never before have so many persons tried to see a body. Mr. Valentino’s body is not being handled any differently than that of anyone else, excepting we are giving it special attention, and putting in an exceptionally great amount of time on it. The body arrived here at about two o’clock Monday afternoon, August 23rd, and we immediately began work on the embalming, keeping at it until the following morning, when it was placed on view until 1am.” Right then, no special treatment.
Valentino’s remains were described as, “dressed in a dinner jacket and heavy pancake make-up and mascara applied to his face. His mouth, still contorted in pain from his period in the hospital, was eased into a deductive smile.” He was in a bronze casket on a raised pedestal. There was a railing and a low, cushioned ledge where people could pray. One floral arrangement included 4000 red roses from Pola Negri, who swore they were engaged to marry.
There is a report that the actual body on display was not the real Rudolph Valentino. “To save that idol from wear and tear, Valentino was substituted by a wax dummy for the body –an artist was called in who was skilled at creating a perfect likeness. So while the real Valentino lay in peace in a cool, dark vault, the wax figure of Valentino took the brutal punishment from the hundreds of fans at the funeral parlor,” was quoted by a source.
When his body was transported to Hollywood, thousands stood by to see the train pass. In Los Angeles there was an invitation only service at the Good Shepherd Catholic Church, where this card was distributed. Another 80,000 crowded in and around the Hollywood Memorial Park. Bushels of flowers were dropped from a plane overhead, as he was carried into the Cathedral Mausoleum.
He was interred under the name Rodolfo Gugliemi Valentino in a ‘temporary' gravesite in the Cathedral Mausoleum. Plans were made for an elaborate memorial including life size statues of Valentino from his various roles. Money, however, became a problem when his estate was found to be lacking and his temporary resting-place became permanent.
The grave was owned by June Mathis, the woman often described as having discovered him. When he died, Mathis offered her crypt as a temporary place of entombment until the appropriate personal mausoleum for him was built. Mathis died the following year of a heart attack, and Valentino was moved into the vault which was intended for her husband, which of course is where her remains remain today.
On the one-year anniversary of his death, a woman bought flowers to Valentino's grave. She was dressed all in black, complete with a long veil. This "Lady in Black" has kept up this tradition throughout the years. Here is a picture of her in 1963. The most popular theory of her identity is a supposedly terminally ill young girl Valentino had visited in the hospital. They made a pact: whoever died first would visit the grave of the other every year on the anniversary. The girl got better. Valentino became ill. When he died she kept the promise, passing on the honor to the next generation of The Lady in Black. She, as well as many well-meaning impostors, can be seen today. There is even a black lady, dressed in white. Hilarity ensues. The original Lady In Black is now identified as Anna Maria De Carrascosa - and she was killed by a bus. Her daughter, Estrillita Di Regil took on the role. Almost daily she would show up at the crypt, and weep. Loudly. Honestly, she was crazier than a box of frogs. I met her. Crazy fo real.
words from the wonderful www.findadeath.com
80 years on people gather to have a memorial service for Valentino and in the evening gather to picnic on the great lawn near Douglas Fairbanks memorial and watch a Valentino movie.
Naomi Watts Promotes Jacob's Creek Cool Harvest At Centennial Park
This afternoon famous Australian actress Naomi Watts along a number of her friends, associates, and a sprinkle of Sydney’s social set enjoyed an afternoon and evening of wining and dining thanks to Jacob’s Creek Cool Harvest.
The sophisticated and glamorous event was held amongst a vineyard inspired set and the rolling lawns of Centennial Park.
Special guest and Cool Harvest ambassador Naomi Watts, along a number of her close girlfriends, mingled and sipping Cool Harvest whilst listening to live jazz.
This majestic and luscious green backdrop in the heart of the City was the ideal summer setting for Jacob’s Creek to showcase their new range.
The crisp and fresh Cool Harvest wine range is harvested in the cool of the night to give the range its delicate taste. This night harvesting will be brought to life during the magical candlelit event.
Just a few of the guests who attended were actress Naomi Watts, TV personality Charlotte Dawson, model Nikki Phillips, TV host Lisa Wilkinson, media personality Melissa Hoyer, actress and film director Gracie Otto, model and TV Presenter Laura Csortan, and socialite and journalist Kate Waterhouse.
Mid afternoon announcements about the wine and event were made by Pernod Ricard, Australia Managing Director, Julien Hemard and Group White and Sparkling wine maker and Rebekah Richardson.
Websites
Jacob's Creek
Centennial Parklands
www.centennialparklands.com.au
open haus
Music News Australia
Eva Rinaldi Photography
Eva Rinaldi Photography Flickr
Help Promote the show!
Download and post this flyer to your photostream each Friday leading up to the 18th
What: Exposure.Detroit January 2008 Photography Exhibit
When: 7pm-10pm ~ January 18th, 2008
Where: The Bean & Leaf Cafe, Royal Oak, MI
Who: 30 of Exposure.Detroit's finest photographers
Coming to you via the coffee coated walls of the Bean & Leaf Cafe (the BLC) is the next round of talented Michigan photographers.
Please help us congratulate them and see you at the show!
(in no particular order)
There will be a wide range of photography to view from these talented and determined photographers
Hope see you there!