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youtu.be/6O7x-m-JgzE A relaxing music for stress relief, this music help you to relax and calm your mind down. Chillout music works together to help you relax and be calm with soft music. This music will also enhance your memory, concentration, and focus plus creativity as well. Download: ift.tt/2bL5nxK Music: Revoid from Terra Album by Vasily Boykov Artist Bio: Vasily Boykov - composer and musician, poet. For this name hides a huge universe of creative potential and irreconcilable principles of its implementation. Vasily Boykov was born in the Russian city of Tver, 158 km from Moscow. His career started out pretty normal. Like many young people of his age (12-13 years) Vasily begins to learn to play classical guitar. But with time he realized that the study of the works of many famous composers stifled his creative energy. "How can you call music replay of someone's compositions on a study by notes?" he asked. Read the rest of the Bio here: ift.tt/2ckNhaQ Relaxing Music - All the relaxing music at Healing4Happiness has soothing tones and calm melodies, it's the perfect tool to wash away a stressful day, experiencing total stress relief. Relaxing Music including sleep music, relaxation music, relax music, zen music, yoga music, meditation music are perfect for soothing, calm, stress relief, relaxation, peace & tranquillity. Relaxing music is like healing music with peaceful sounds, nature sounds, birds, rain, water, ocean or waves. Sit back and listen to Relaxing Music for stress relief, anxiety, healing, and yoga. Subscribe for more Relaxing Music #RealxingMusic #StressRelief Focus Music - Focus music is a major key factor in effective learning practices. When we are able to focus on our task at hand we can easily understand the things or the information we need learn. Focus music also increases our productivity. A focused student or employee will perform better with their task or work. Listening to focus music will surely increase your attention span and you will have a better understanding. Focus music, including, focus music for concentration, focus music for studying, focus music for work, zen focus music, soothing focus music, focus music for memory, focus music for clear focus. Subscribe to our channel for more great #focusmusic #focus Stress Relief - Knowing when you are stressed is the first thing in dealing with it and getting rid of stress entirely. Identifying situations that are stressful and reducing or avoiding them is helpful. Once you have been able to identify stressful situations or times in the day you can then learn to use stress relief music as a stress relief tool. Being tense is not pleasant at the greater end of the scale, but many people justify it at the lesser end, as a form of motivation and enthusiasm. The reality is when are relaxed listening to stress relief music you will think more clearly, make better decisions and have overall better performance. That's where listening to some of the music on Healing4Happiness, naturally designed for Stress Relief, is perfect. By listening while you work, study or when you need to wind down and take a few deep breaths, you can stay relaxed, calm and clear minded for all the tough work you have ahead. Stress relief music can be relaxing music, meditation music or study music. Stress relief can be had with a good laugh. Stress relief can be had with hard exercise. Stress relief can be achieved with sex. But the most simple is our music for stress relief. Subscribe and get your daily dose of stress relief. #StressRelief #StressReliefMusic Thanks for supporting our channel! We love creating music to help people in their lives, in stressful situations, in need of rest or focus and concentration. Thanks for watching our videos, you can also follow us on other social media site below. Join Us On Facebook: ift.tt/2a2y0VN Join Us On Twitter: twitter.com/heal4happiness/ Join Us On Google+: ift.tt/2a4mgFg Our Site: ift.tt/2aeW4rS Purchase from iTunes: ift.tt/2a3nsW9 For more information about where to purchase or listen to our music such as Spotify, Google Play, Amazon etc. check out the “About” section of our YouTube channel. Artist or Producer Submit Music: ift.tt/2a4lN68 If you are an artist or producer and would like to grow your fan base, get more album download, have your music published on iTunes, setup a global name for yourself. Contact Healing4Happiness Music. info@healing4happiness.com Licence: This music is CopyRight by Vasily Boykov and is used under licence from the artist. For more information about the artist visit: ift.tt/2bL55XI
There are many! Here are a few that the students came up with. Permaculture principles are derived from natural ecological principles. David Holmgren synthesized these to produce 12 design principles found here: permacultureprinciples.com/
The high street body count mounts as Principles goes bust. The models have even lost the shirts off their backs. On the brightside there's a spare retail unit in Westfield if Tayto want to launch a crisp superstore in west London
"Istanbul Convention transforms soft law principles into legally binding provisions of law"- Prof. Dr. Feride Acar, Chair of GREVIO, CEDAW Expert
Photo: UN Women/Emilie Gomez
Session 2: Regulatory principles for security, privacy and trust, 24 October 2016, Hammamet, Tunisia.
© ITU/ A. Mhadhbi
UX (user experience) honeycomb structure
***
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Session 2: Regulatory principles for security, privacy and trust, 24 October 2016, Hammamet, Tunisia.
© ITU/ A. Mhadhbi
Against the grim backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, chief executives of 110 companies in Thailand have pledged to advance gender equality in business by implementing the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs). The event was hosted by WeEmpowerAsia, a UN Women programme funded by and in partnership with the European Union. Read the full press release: unwo.men/tGyn50BFura
Date: September 30, 2020
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Photo: UN Women/Siraphob Werakijpanich & Tanasin Pheankusol
My Epic Gear Guide for Epic Landscapes & Portraits!
Everyone is always asking me for this! Here ya go! :)
Epic books, prints, & more!
Epic High Resolution Malibu Sunset! Malibu Sea Cave Sunset California Socal Photography! Fine Art Landscape & Nature Photography: Light Beams & Dr. Elliot McGucken Epic Fine Art! High Res!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's . . . !
My fine art photography graces my physics books!
Regarding the award-winning physicist Dr. Elliot McGucken at Princeton University, the late John Archibald Wheeler stated, "More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken's I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. . . Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet."
Dr. E would go on to heal the blind with his NSF-funded, award-winning Ph.D. dissertation which also laid down the foundations of Light Time Dimension Theory. Over the years, LTD Theory added foundational *physical* postulates, principles, and equations en route to becoming numerous books, with this one forming the simple, illustrated introduction.
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
Epic Art & Gear for your Epic Hero's Odyssey:
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The great thing about the beach is that it presents an entirely different universe from season to season, from day to day, from hour to hour, from second to second, with the ever changing wind, tides, clouds, and sun. A split second with tumbling surf and a sinking sun can make a vast different, resulting in entirely different photographs.
Photographing Women Models! geni.us/m90Ms
Portrait, Swimsuit, Lingerie, Boudoir, Fine Art, & Fashion Photography Exalting the Venus Goddess Archetype: How to Shoot Epic...
Beautiful Coyote Portrait Winter Lamar Valley Yellowstone National Park Sony A7RIV & Sony FE 600mm f/4 GM OSS Lens Wildlife Photography! West Yellowstone Montana Dr. Elliot McGucken 45EPIC Fine Art Nature Wildlife Photographer !
All my photography celebrates the physics of light! The McGucken Principle of the fourth expanding dimension: The fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions: dx4/dt=ic .
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Spacetime Sculpture dx4/dt=ic:
Epic Fine Art Photography Prints & Luxury Wall Art:
Lao Tzu--The Tao: Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.
Light Time Dimension Theory: The Foundational Physics Unifying Einstein's Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: A Simple, Illustrated Introduction to the Unifying Physical Reality of the Fourth Expanding Dimensionsion dx4/dt=ic !: geni.us/Fa1Q
"Between every two pine trees there is a door leading to a new way of life." --John Muir
Epic Stoicism guides my fine art odyssey and photography: geni.us/epicstoicism
“The clearest way into the Universe is through a forest wilderness.” --John Muir
Epic Poetry inspires all my photography: geni.us/9K0Ki Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art Nature Photography with the Poetic Wisdom of John Muir, Emerson, Thoreau, Homer's Iliad, Milton's Paradise Lost & Dante's Inferno Odyssey
“The mountains are calling and I must go.” --John Muir
Epic Art & 45EPIC Gear exalting golden ratio designs for your Hero's Odyssey:
Support epic fine art! 45surf ! Bitcoin: 1FMBZJeeHVMu35uegrYUfEkHfPj5pe9WNz
Some of my epic books, prints, & more!
Exalt your photography with Golden Ratio Compositions!
Golden Ratio Compositions & Secret Sacred Geometry for Photography, Fine Art, & Landscape Photographers: How to Exalt Art with Leonardo da Vinci's, Michelangelo's!
Epic Landscape Photography:
A Simple Guide to the Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography: Master Composition, Lenses, Camera Settings, Aperture, ISO, ... Hero's Odyssey Mythology Photography)
All art is but imitation of nature.-- Seneca (Letters from a Stoic - Letter LXV: On the First Cause)
The universe itself is God and the universal outpouring of its soul. --Chrysippus (Quoted by Cicero in De Natura Deorum)
Photographs available as epic fine art luxury prints. For prints and licensing information, please send me a flickr mail or contact drelliot@gmail.com with your queries! All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
Single page cheatsheet attempting to capture Edward Tufte's 6 (or 7) principles of presenting information as evidence. Based on how he articulated them at a an IQ2 talk held on the 19th of May 2010 at the RGS.
New book! Epic Landscape Photography: The Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography!
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Join my new 45EPIC fine art landscapes page on facebook!
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Working on a couple photography books! 45EPIC GODDESS PHOTOGRAPHY: A classic guide to exalting the archetypal woman. And 45EPIC Fine Art Landscape Photography!
More on my golden ratio musings: facebook.com/goldennumberratio
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Greetings all! I have been busy finishing a few books on photography, while traveling all over--to Zion and the Sierras--shooting fall colors. Please see some here: facebook.com/mcgucken
Let me know in the comments if you would like a free review copy of one of my photography books! :)
Titles include:
The Tao of Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art with the Yin-Yang Wisdom of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching!
The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography
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And I am also working on a book on photographing the goddesses! :) More goddesses soon!
Best wishes on your epic hero's odyssey!:)
I love voyaging forth into nature to contemplate poetry, physics, the golden ratio, and the Tao te Ching! What's your favorite epic poetry reflecting epic landscapes? I recently finished a book titled Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photographers:
www.facebook.com/Epic-Poetry-for-Epic-Landscape-Photograp...
Did you know that John Muir, Thoreau, and Emerson all loved epic poetry and poets including Shakespeare, Milton, Homer, and Robert Burns?
I recently finished my fourth book on Light Time Dimension Theory, much of which was inspired by an autumn trip to Zion!
www.facebook.com/lightimedimensiontheory/
Via its simple principle of a fourth expanding dimension, LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light's constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.
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Buy principles of anatomy and physiology 12th edition cheapest textbooks at www.bookcarry.com/principles-of-anatomy-and-physiology.html
Against the grim backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, chief executives of 110 companies in Thailand have pledged to advance gender equality in business by implementing the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs). The event was hosted by WeEmpowerAsia, a UN Women programme funded by and in partnership with the European Union. Read the full press release: unwo.men/tGyn50BFura
Date: September 30, 2020
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Photo: UN Women/Siraphob Werakijpanich & Tanasin Pheankusol
Principles, Personal Disciplines, Postures, Control over life forces, Withdrawal of Senses, Focused Concentration, Meditative Absorption, and Enlightenment are the 8 limbs of Yoga.
"Enjoy your journey of healthy life with Yoga"
Yogamea brings you an Online Yoga Teacher Training Course (RYT200-Yoga Alliance) which is a stepping stone towards establishing a dedicated yogic lifestyle and professional yoga teaching that enables students to create a strong foundation for understanding their own unique attributes as a teacher in the future.
Course Dates: 22nd Feb 2021 to 20th March 2021
Contact Details: Phone: +39 3473831938 (Call or Whatsapp)
Email: info@yogamea.com
Note: Offline YTTC Also Available from April 11, 2021
Visit now for More Info: yogamea.com/online-courses
This book belongs to a man.
Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology by Ernst Mayr, E. Gorton Linsley, and Robert L. Usinger. 1953, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. 3rd? printing.
Principles of Electromagnets & Moving Coil Meters Interactive with Morse key. Porthcurno Telegraph Museum, Cornwall. An Interactive Exhibit by www.conceptshed.com
Information on buildings and architecture
Führungen am Campus WU Leerzeile Leerzeile
University of the Future
Internationalism, innovation, diversity – the new Campus WU is the concrete realization of WU’s vision for a modern university. The fundamental principles of the new architecture reflect the values and ideas we cherish at WU.
As a public institution, WU has lived up to its responsibility of building its new campus in an economical, ecological, and socially sustainable manner. WU’s decision to locate the new campus in Vienna’s second district will redefine this area and transform it into an educational hub. We have not only constructed new buildings, but in the process we have also given concrete realization to our ideas of what the university of the future should look like. The new campus is more than just a place for academic research and teaching and learning practical skills; it is also designed to create a new space for social, cultural, and political life.
The imposing Library & Learning Center (LC), designed by the Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, is a testament to the central importance of research and teaching at WU. The Library & Learning Center is surrounded by five building complexes, including the Teaching Center, which houses most of WU’s auditoriums. The Teaching Center is intended mainly for bachelor degree students, while the master degree programs are taught primarily in the individual Department buildings. The Executive Academy building is the home of continuing education and life-long learning programs. In this way, the various buildings and their functions reflect the three tiers of teaching and learning represented by the Bologna Process.
WU’s Department-based organizational structure was also a contributing factor. In the past, the various Institutes that make up the Departments were scattered across different locations. Now they have been brought together in four Department buildings, which will make life much easier for both students and faculty.
These are not the only improvements the new campus has to offer: All rooms have natural light, and the auditoriums feature state-of-the-art teaching equipment, including digital whiteboards. There are 3,000 student workplaces, three times as many as in the old buildings in Vienna’s ninth district. These workplaces are located not only in the dedicated self-study areas, but also in project rooms that can be booked by teaching staff and students alike. They cater to different needs by providing quiet spots for focused academic work as well as opportunities for work on group projects in communicationfriendly study areas.
The top priority in planning the new campus was to create an environment for WU students and staff that is conducive to productive work and communication.
Not only the buildings themselves, but also the surrounding grounds offer plenty of opportunities for communication and meeting people. 55,000 m² of Campus WU’s total 100,000 m² of floor and surface area is open, publicly accessible space. Fences or barriers would contradict our vision of an open campus.
Visitors and area residents are more than welcome at Campus WU. The campus offers not only food for thought, but also restaurants, cafés, and shops, all in a stimulating architectural environment.
As different as they may look, however, the buildings are all based on the same overall technical concept: the building infrastructure is standardized in terms of construction, energy supply, ventilation, and sanitary facilities. The entire campus has been designed in accordance with “green building” principles. Much of the required energy is obtained using geothermal energy from groundwater.
Another key feature of Campus WU is barrier-free accessibility. All auditoriums are specially equipped for people with disabilities, all areas are designed to be wheelchair accessible, and the campus also features a tactile guidance system for the visually impaired.
We have not only made sure to comply with all relevant legal guidelines, but we have also drawn on experience gained from best practice examples. WU aims to play a pioneering role – in all respects.
Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States
Grand Central Terminal is one of America's finest examples of the Beaux-Arts style. The monumental, sober classical vocabulary of the building is enlivened by rich sculptural detail of a Baroque exuberance. Not only in style, but in siting and plan, Grand Central is the quintessence of Beaux-Arts design principals.
Beaux-Arts principles emphasize the expression of a building's function through its design. In discussing Grand Central, Whitney Warren proclaimed "Modern cities have no portals or arches of triumph. The real gateways are the railroad stations."18 The exterior of Grand Central expresses this function, for the facades of the building closely resemble ancient triumphal arches, the gateways to Imperial Roman cities.
The allusion is most direct on the main entrance facade. Above the podium crested by the first story, three, great round-arched windows are enframed by engaged fluted columns upon a high stylobate. These Roman Doric columns visually support the cornice and attic story above. Even the depth of a triumphal arch Is suggested, since the east and west facades of the building are recessed at the corners. The triumphal arches at east and west project forward slightly, reiterating the 42nd Street facade motif on a slightly reduced scale.
The main facade of Grand Central is crowned by the justifiably famous sculptural group created by the French artist Jules Alexis Coutan. The. sculpture, a "tribute to commerce depicts a triumphant Mercury, god of commerce and travel, flanked by a reclining Hercules, the hero famed for physical strength and moral courage, and Minerva, goddess of wisdom and patroness of artists and artisans. The huge group - roughly 50 feet tail - is perfectly scaled to the monumental facade and plays an integral part in the architectural composition, functioning as the dramatic climax to the whole.
Few buildings in New York enjoy a more impressive, setting than does. Grand Central. From Park Avenue, south of Grand Central, one approaches the triumphal facade, enframed by the buildings along the Avenue, and visible from nearly a mile away. The architects, by raising the building on the podium created by the elevated driveways, enhanced Grand Central's visibility and intensified the dramatic focus. Although the site of Grand Central was determined by purely practical considerations, (the location of the railroad trackage), it nevertheless has much in common with the sitings of Beaux-Arts buildings in Paris, which frequently are placed at the termination of the. city's grand boulevards.
Planning and spatial organization, are central to Beaux-Arts theory. The. interiors of Grand Central, designed by the associated firms of Warren & Wetmore and Reed & Stem, are a paradigmatic expression of these concerns, displaying the order and clarity, the amplitude and grandeur which was the goal of the Beaux-Arts approach. The plan of Grand Central, hailed as "a model of coherence and clarity," is symmetrically disposed with a series of axially aligned, major spaces - the Waiting Room and Concourses - connected, by passageways and ramps. These ramps, unlike stairways, enhance the sense of easy progress and transition, and also facilitate-circulation.
On entering Grand Central, one senses the directionalized quality of the plan - a Beaux-Arts concern. Movement forward and gradually downward toward the actual train track platforms is suggested by the axiality of the plan, while lateral ancillary spaces contribute a sense of spatial flow and freedom, harmoniously balancing the dominant forward impetus. In addition, the plan of Grand Central allows not only for ease of circulation within the building itself, but also for easy entrance and exit. The terminal functions as a center of transfer - "a great reciprocating engine for pumping a huge flow of pedestrian traffic. " The noted architectural historian Carroll Meeks has termed this plan "a brilliant design" and continued "no better station of its size has ever been built."
The. interior of Grand Central relies not only on its planning for its impressiveness, but also on what the architectural critic Lewis Mum-ford has characterized as "its major quality.... space - generously and even nobly handled."" Beaux-Arts design attains much of its magnificence through monumental scaling and few interiors better illustrate this principle. At Grand Central, the Associated Architects handled the ancillary spaces monumentally end thus these spaces serve an an appropriate and essential introduction to the Main Concourse, the climax of the entire composition.
The Main Concourse, "breathtakingly grand," and in the opinion of the eminent architectural historian, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, "one of the grandest spaces the early 20th century ever enclosed" has captured the affection and admiration of generations of travelers.
Aside from the fineness of the plan and the grandness of the spaces of Grand Central's Beaux-Arts interiors, the architectural, detailing is of exceptional quality. Ornate, yet boldly scaled In keeping with the monumentality of the overall conception, it demonstrates a sensitive understanding of the use of classically inspired forms. As has been noted earlier, Whitney Warren, who had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts Is very likely -to have been the principal designer of this fine detail, which Is exuberant yet dignified. The rich materials employed, marble and bronze most notably, have been skillfully and painstakingly crafted in the finest Beaux-Aits tradition. All of these elements - plan, space, and detail - combine to create one of America's great Beaux-Arts interiors.
Arriving at Grand Central, many passengers of an earlier time, had just descended from trains such as the Yankee Clipper, the Wolverine, the Empire State Express, and the Twentieth Century limited, names which today evoke the romance and excitement of train, level. That romance and excitement still echo within the Main Concourse, the. Waiting Room and the halls of Grand Central. It is these architecturally and historically significant interiors which the Commission designates an Interior Landmark.
The main entrance to Grand Central is located on 42nd Street, directly under thts viaduct which leads from Park Avenue to the elevated driveways. One first enters a short, segmentally-arched passageway with a ramped floor. Simply, but handsomely detailed, the passageway has segmentally-arched shop windows along its side wails, two fine glass and bronze chandeliers. a sober classical cornice, and most notably, a decorated tympanum above the doors leading in the Waiting Room, This consists of a marble panel adorned with a bronze relief of garlands with a central cad uceus, the- attribute of Mercury. The panel bears the inscription "To all those with head heart, and hand/Toiled in the construction of this monument to the public, service/This is inscribed. Above, is a clockface enframed by paired cornucopias in relief.
This relatively narrow, Iow~ceilinged entry opens onto the vast Waiting Room, precursor of the splendour of the Main Concourse, and in its own right, a room of extraordinary power and beauty. The Waiting Room is a hugs rectangle - 65 feet by 205 feet - divided into five monumental bays, lit by enormous windows and splendid chandeliers. Above a dado of light beige Botticino marble., the walls are faced with simulated Caen stone. This facing, used throughout Grand Central, is a fine example of such "Counterfeiting," a tribute to the craftsmen who so successfully imitated the"fine-grained, high-priced limestone of the Caen quarries in France, Tliis Caen facing is "set" in broad and narrow alternating courses.
The south wall of the Waiting Room contains five large windows, three broad ones, separated by two narrower. All are screened with handsome, heavy brona?grilles, the borders of which contain acanthus foliate panels. Between the windows broad, smooth pilasters project slightly from the wall and arc crowned by simple, leafy capitals. Beneath the windows to each side of the central entry are ornate marble enframed doorways surmounted by triangular pediments containing shells and oak branches, supported by consoles with acanthus leaf reliefs.
The north wall, similar to the south, contains five great windows with bronze grilles, through which one glimpses the Main Concourse. The walls resemble monumental piers, and effect enhanced by the broad pilasters which adorn them. Set into the pilasters are handsome bronze ventilation grilles of a type seen throughout the Terminal. The skilled craftsmanship and the richness of materials which characterize Grand Central as a whole, extend to all such details. Other examples include the bronze, classically ornamented letter boxes, the handsome marble drinking fountains, and the metal train indicator signs at the platform entrances.
The end wall of the Waiting Room are mirror images of one another, with large Caen -faced panels enframed by narrow floral borders, beneath which are the handsome marble entries to the Men's Room (at the wast) and the former Ladies' Room (at the east). Above the doors are clocks surrounded by garland reliefs set upon lintels carried on consoles. The corners of the room are rounded, and each contains a smooth pilaster which conforms to the curve.
The ceiling is richly adorned and painted to resemble bronze. It contains five bays, each with a central. "Caen" panel lavishly enframed with foliate console brackets and classically detailed mouldings. From a central rosette in each bay is suspended an imposing three tiered bronze and gilt-bronze chandelier,
Many of the original mahogany benches are still In place. A few have been removed and one can now clearly see the indentation in the marble paving of the floor where millions of travelers' feet have rested.
Leaving the Waiting Roojq, one descends along a ramp which bisects the south gallery-like section of the Main Concourse. This ramp is flanked by ticket booths, constructed of marble and bronze.
Beyond, is the Main Concourse which Carl Condit has called "the classic- work of interior space in American architecture,This vast chamber, of wall-merited world fame, billows upward to a height of 125 feet, and stretches to a breadth of 120 feet and a length of 375 feet. Although much larger than the Waiting Room, it too is divided into five bays which here attain a rarely equalled grandeur. The Main Concourse is essentially a. great barrel vaulted hall with galleried aisles to the north and south, separated from the main space by monumental piers carrying a strong, imposing bracketed entablature. Within the galleries are huge square-headed windows, while at the east and west ends of the Concourse are three round-arched windows echoing in their arrangement the triumphal arch, ot gates to the city motif of the exterior.
The upper walls and piers of the Concourse are sheathed in simulated Caen stone, while below, at "passenger level" marble predominates, not only because of its richness, but also because of its durability. The ticket windows ranged in two banks along the south wall of the Concourse are constructed of Italian Botticino marble with handsome Doric pilasters enframing each window. All the windows have numbered glass and bronze light fixtures, illuminated only when the window ir- in service. At the center of the vast Tennessee marble floor is a circular information desk., with marble counters enclosing a cylindrical bronze cote which connects this desk with the corresponding structure in the Lower Concourse beneath. The Main Concourse desk is topped by a handsome four-faced, bronze clock.
To arrive by train and enter the Main Concourse of Grand Central Terminal is an appropriate and impressive introduction to America's largest and most cosmopolitan city. The vast scale, the richness and beauty of the architectural detail and materials, and the fine planning of Grand Central's interiors, are considered truly exceptional. Until the construction of the Grand Central complex, no railroad station in the world had so completely fulfilled the needs of the traveler Grand Central, and most especially its interiors, is one of the city's most treasured buildings, valued not only for its beauty, but also for the vitality it imparts to the mid town area. The Terminal is a survivor in an age of planned obsolescence. Its symbolic power as an emblem of Manhattan makes it a landmark in the fullest sense of the word.
- From the 1980 NYCLPC Landmark Designation Report
Illustration to accompany the 10 Principles post at my That's Right Design & Culture Blog: thatisright.blogspot.com/2010/01/10-principles.html
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
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During the designing and the construction of the villa we applied principles of ecological design to minimise the energy needs of the house and ensuring comfort in passive ways.
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In exceptional natural surroundings, in the vibrant Cratan countryside away from the bussle of the town, Katikia Gonia awaits you. It is a place whose architecture captivates you from the very first moment.The discrete luxury in combination with all the modern conveniences of a villa, creates the environment and the prerequisites for a memorable holiday full of relaxation and peace. Cretan hospitality, as well as the discrete daily maid service will make the guest feel at home straithtaway.
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