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1964/1965 New York World's Fair
The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair held over 140 pavilions, 110 restaurants, for 80 nations (hosted by 37), 24 US states, and over 45 corporations to build exhibits or attractions at Flushing Meadows Park in Queens, NY.[1][2][3] The immense fair covered 646 acres (261 ha) on half the park, with numerous pools or fountains, and an amusement park with rides near the lake. However, the fair did not receive official sanctioning from the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE). Hailing itself as a "universal and international" exposition, the fair's theme was "Peace Through Understanding", dedicated to "Man's Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe". American companies dominated the exposition as exhibitors. The theme was symbolized by a 12-story-high, stainless-steel model of the earth called the Unisphere, built on the foundation of the Perisphere from the 1939 NYC fair.[4] The fair ran for two six-month seasons, April 22 – October 18, 1964, and April 21 – October 17, 1965. Admission price for adults (13 and older) was $2 in 1964 (equivalent to $15.78 in 2017) but $2.50 (equivalent to $19.41 in 2017) in 1965, and $1 for children (2–12) both years (equivalent to $7.89 in 2017).[5]
The fair is noted as a showcase of mid-20th-century American culture and technology. The nascent Space Age, with its vista of promise, was well represented. More than 51 million people attended the fair, though fewer than the hoped-for 70 million. It remains a touchstone for many American Baby Boomers, who visited the optimistic fair as children before the turbulent years of the Vietnam War, cultural changes, and increasing domestic violence associated with the Civil Rights Movement.
In many ways the fair symbolized a grand consumer show covering many products produced in America at the time for transportation, living, and consumer electronic needs in a way that would never be repeated at future world's fairs in North America. Many major American manufacturing companies from pen manufacturers, to chemical companies, to computers, to automobiles had a major presence.[2][1] This fair gave many attendees their first interaction with computer equipment. Corporations demonstrated the use of mainframe computers, computer terminals with keyboards and CRT displays, teletype machines, punch cards, and telephone modems in an era when computer equipment was kept in back offices away from the public, decades before the Internet and home computers were at everyone's disposal.
Site history
The site, Flushing Meadows Corona Park in the borough of Queens, was previously Manhattan's Corona Ash Dumps featured prominently in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby as the Valley of Ashes. Prior to that, the site had been a natural wetland—literally wetland meadows that would flush the nearby runoff entering the adjacent bay. Flushing Meadows had been a Dutch settlement, named after the city of Vlissingen (whose English name is "Flushing").
Subsequently, the site was reclaimed for the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair, one of the largest world's fairs to be held in the United States, occupying nearly a square mile (2.6 km2) of land. The 1939 fair also occupied space that was filled in for the 1964/1965 exposition. Preceding these fairs was the 1853–54 New York's World's Fair, called the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, located in the New York Crystal Palace on what is now Bryant Park in the borough of Manhattan, New York City (All three of New York's world's fairs were the only international expositions to run for two years, rather than one).
Beginnings
The 1964/1965 Fair was conceived by a group of New York businessmen who remembered their childhood experiences at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Thoughts of an economic boom to the city as the result of increased tourism was a major reason for holding another fair 25 years after the 1939/1940 extravaganza.[6] Then-New York City mayor, Robert F. Wagner, Jr., commissioned Frederick Pittera, a producer of international fairs and exhibitions, and author of the history of International Fairs & Exhibitions for the Encyclopædia Britannica and Compton's Encyclopedia, to prepare the first feasibility studies for the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair. He was joined by Austrian architect Victor Gruen (creator of the shopping mall) in studies that eventually led the Eisenhower Commission to award the world's fair to New York City in competition with a number of American cities.
Organizers turned to private financing and the sale of bonds to pay the huge costs to stage them. The organizers hired New York's "Master Builder" Robert Moses, to head the corporation established to run the fair because he was experienced in raising money for vast public projects. Moses had been a formidable figure in the city since coming to power in the 1930s. He was responsible for the construction of much of the city's highway infrastructure and, as parks commissioner for decades, the creation of much of the city's park system.
In the mid-1930s, Moses oversaw the conversion of a vast Queens tidal marsh garbage dump into the fairgrounds that hosted the 1939/1940 World's Fair.[7] Called Flushing Meadows Park, it was Moses' grandest park scheme. He envisioned this vast park, comprising some 1,300 acres (5 km2) of land, easily accessible from Manhattan, as a major recreational playground for New Yorkers. When the 1939/1940 World's Fair ended in financial failure, Moses did not have the available funds to complete work on his project. He saw the 1964/1965 Fair as a means to finish what the earlier fair had begun.[8]
To ensure profits to complete the park, fair organizers knew they would have to maximize receipts. An estimated attendance of 70 million people would be needed to turn a profit and, for attendance that large, the fair would need to be held for two years. The World's Fair Corporation also decided to charge site-rental fees to all exhibitors who wished to construct pavilions on the grounds. This decision caused the fair to come into conflict with the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE), as the international body headquartered in Paris that sanctions world's fairs: BIE rules stated that an international exposition could run for one six-month period only, and no rent could be charged to exhibitors. In addition, the rules allowed only one exposition in any given country within a 10-year period, and the Seattle World's Fair had already been sanctioned for 1962, as 2 years prior.[7]
The United States was not a member of the BIE at the time, but fair organizers understood that a sanction by the BIE would assure that its nearly 40 member nations would participate in the fair. Moses, undaunted by the rules, journeyed to Paris to seek official approval for the New York fair. When the BIE balked at New York's bid, Moses, used to having his way in New York, angered the BIE delegates by taking his case to the press, publicly stating his disdain for the BIE and its rules.[7] The BIE retaliated by formally requesting its member nations not to participate in the New York fair.[7] The 1939/1940 and 1964/1965 New York World's Fairs were the only significant world's fairs since the formation of the BIE to be held without its endorsement.[9]
Has begun.... I actually this pic last year but never posted it anywhere before today. The winter cold and snow has started, and I trying to feel optimistic about it :)
Thank you for viewing. If you like please fav and leave a nice comment. Hope to see you here again. Have a wonderful day 😊
Royal Pavilion Gardens, Brighton 🇬🇧
5th October, 2018
this guy has a lot of gear ... but the ice is thick: he had just thrown the boulder to break the ice to no effect
Just about everyone I think was this in their more pensive moments last year. Optimistically Pessimistic .....if that is possible? Not over of course, but more bearable...so far.
Part of a mural seen at Cuesta Collage while I was in line for my first vaccine shot.
The Library of Congress Optimistic farmer 1936
I claim no rights other than colorizing this image if you wish to use let me know and always give due credit to The Library of Congress. I have no commercial gain in publishing this image.
Title
An optimistic farmer of the North Dakota drought area
Names
Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer
Created / Published
1936 July.
Headings
- United States--North Dakota
- Towns, roadsides--North Dakota
Headings
Nitrate negatives.
Genre
Nitrate negatives
Notes
- Title and other information from caption card.
- Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
- More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
- Temp. note: usf34batch1
Medium
1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
Call Number/Physical Location
LC-USF34- 005144-E [P&P] LOT 386 (corresponding photographic print)
Source Collection
Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection (Library of Congress)
Repository
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id
fsa 8b28134 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b28134
Library of Congress Control Number
2017760980
Reproduction Number
LC-USF34-005144-E (b&w film nitrate neg.) LC-DIG-fsa-8b28134 (digital file from original neg.)
Rights Advisory
No known restrictions. For information, see U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html
Online Format
image
LCCN Permalink
Yesterday (and today for that matter) I was really happy and optimistic about art and life and wanted to do this photo but didn't have the time so I've done it today instead. It kind of symbolizes the start of an artistic journey. I'm just really looking forward to everything to come right now.
Explored
Also, I've entered this online model search thing. Please please pleeease vote for me here, modelsearch.zuneta.com/2010/ChloeLana/ Thank you, you wonderful people you! xxx
Optimism . .The doctrine or belief that everything is beautiful, including what is ugly.
Ambrose Bierce
Goes For The Person How Reminds Me Of Optimistic Me. Thank You (F)
Explored
Some Mars experts are eager and optimistic for a dust storm this year to grow so grand it darkens skies around the entire Red Planet. This biggest type of phenomenon in the environment of modern Mars could be examined as never before possible, using the combination of spacecraft now at Mars.
A study published this week based on observations by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) during the most recent Martian global dust storm -- in 2007 -- suggests such storms play a role in the ongoing process of gas escaping from the top of Mars' atmosphere. That process long ago transformed wetter, warmer ancient Mars into today's arid, frozen planet.
Two 2001 images from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter show a dramatic change in the planet's appearance when haze raised by dust-storm activity in the south became globally distributed. The images were taken about a month apart.
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
المتفائل إنسان يرى ضوءاً غير موجود"
أما المتشائم أحمق يرى ضوءاً ولايصدقة"
say mashallah plez!
story of life 2009 © All rights reserved.
All rights reserved by Tanjica Perovic
Available for licensing on Getty images
All images and photography © Tanjica Perovic
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I had never entered Amble before. But I knew the name. Despite having no knowledge about the place (perhaps like you have no idea what Wick is like). Passing the sign that optimistically welcomed me to the town of Amble, I passed the directions for the marina that every coastal town has to have these days. Like a council estate. And I headed towards the little fishing harbour down streets thinly populated by an 'amusement' arcade, a fish and chip shop, one or two pound shops, a currency exchange store, a couple of charity shops and some uninviting looking, aged pubs. I passed into the older part of town which so strongly reminded me of Wick in Caithness, so often the end of the world for the weary traveller who thought it would be a good idea to go all the way to John O'Groats. It was a place infested by 'dirty Wickers' and I involuntarily went into defensive mode as I travelled through Amble's streets lined by grim terraced properties. I found myself to the harbour area. A crowd of grey seagulls stood like moody football thugs on a small grassed area by the Fish Shack (on the Sea Quest) as if waiting for the end of a minute's silence for a revered player who had just died, whilst white squares of grease proof paper caught in spirals of wind amongst the huts. Some people huddled in anoraks, hoods up, as they ate wooden chips and crunchy fish at a wooden trestle table overlooking the short, steep beach. A small, black hulled fishing boat entered the estuary, momentarily disappearing into the yellow light of the low sun reflected on the water. Darcy leapt to the end of her stretchy lead to make the gulls take flight. They didn't move. She barked a happy "hello", and wagged her tail to a passing collie and owner. But they passed by, unhearing, unseeing.
Oh, I go on! It wasn't all that bad, but it definitely reminded me of Wick. Which all the way from my childhood, I thought was grim.
In fact, TripAdvisor reviews for the Fish Shack are a mixed bag of fish and chips www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurant_Review-g1480277-d1046882...
View large.
An optimistic Canadian from BEAUTIFUL BRITISH COLUMBIA
Environmental Change vs Environmental Action
Thank you so much for sharing how you feel from around the world!
Comments are encouraged sharing how you feel about the environment or stories about positive environmental change you witness. Feel free to post your photos and words on the new group below.
I welcome you to join "Environmental Voices" www.flickr.com/groups/1547965@N22/
Thank you and see you there.
Please visit www.runforoneplanet.com for some environmental inspiration.
PS: I worked on this image while watching Obama's Press conference. I hope the people will continue to support his policies and politics. Anything is better than the previous 8 years.
Change takes time.
looking for a picture for the smile on saturday group's theme of sunny yellow.... flickr search came up with 433 yellows in my photostream!! i had three that i liked the 'best'. i'll put the other 2 in the first comment box :)
"smile on saturday" and "sunny yellow"
been occupying a bit of my time of late. This is now back in its rightful place under the bus and looks good. Bus now back on its wheels awaiting engine.
In these difficult days, perhaps we should be stressing the importance of looking forward optimistically to a shining future, a bright tomorrow!
Tomorrow
The sun'll come out
Tomorrow,
So ya gotta hang on
'Til tomorrow,
Come what may!
Tomorrow, tomorrow!
I love 'ya tomorrow!
You're always
A day
Away!
Annie Broadway musical, 1977
Lyrics by Martin Charnin
Music by Charles Strouse
__________________________
Camera: Olympus Pen E-PL2
Lens: Olympus M.Zuiko 14-42mm f/3.5-5.6 II R @ 17mm
Exposure: ISO200, f/4.5, 1/1500 sec.
■ Please don't use my images for any purpose, including on websites or blogs, without my explicit permission.
■ S.V.P ne pas utiliser cette photo sur un site web, blog ou tout autre média sans ma permission explicite.
© Tom Freda / All rights reserved - Tous droits réservés
... on the new week
with a new round of the UN Climate Conference (COP23) starting today ...
Happy Blue Monday !
Asters (Aster novi-belgii)
in our garden - Frankfurt-Nordend