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Café Landtmann
(further pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Café Landtmann at the Palais Lieben-Auspitz, left the University Ring
The Café Landtmann, photographed from the roof of the Burgtheater
Winter garden and summer beer garden, behind the Town Hall
Great Hall at Café Landtmann
Schanigarten
(Wikipedia: Schanigarten is the Austro-Bavarian term for tables and chairs set up on the sidewalk in front of eating and drinking places. Unlike normal beer gardens (Gastgärten), the customers actually sit on public property. Originally, Schanigärten (pl.) referred only to Viennese coffee houses, but now the expression is used in other parts of Austria and for other types of establishments like restaurants and taverns)
Projection on the façade
Winter Garden, looking towards Universitätsring
The Zuckerkandl room in Landtmann's Bel-Etage
The Café Landtmann in Vienna is a typical Viennese coffee house in the Ringstrasse style. It is located in the first District at the University Ring 4, corner Löwelstraße 22, and is known throughout the city.
Location
The cafe is located on the ground floor of the Palais Lieben-Auspitz called Mietwohnhauses (apartment building), in the immediate vicinity of the Burgtheater, the University of Vienna and the party headquarters of the Social Democrats and close to the Vienna City Hall with the City Hall Park, the Federal Chancellery and three ministries. The café is therefore frequented by, among other actors, politicians, civil servants and journalists and is the venue for press conferences.
History
The coffee was on 1 October 1873 of the Cafétier (café owner) Landtmann as "Vienna 's most elegant and largest café-localities" in a prominent, 1872 built corner house at the at the time also new Franzensring (so to 1919 the address of this part of Vienna's Ringstrasse) opened. The ring road was indeed opened by emperor Franz Joseph I in 1865, but still long not completed in the area of the coffee house: The city hall was under construction since 1872, but was only opened in 1883. The university main building was built 1877-1884, the Burgtheater from 1874 to 1888. The coffee was thus in his early years surrounded mainly by large construction sites.
1881 sold Landtmann his coffeehouse to the brothers Wilhelm and Rudolf Kerrl who continued it under the name Landtmann and extended it in the direction of Oppolzergasse. Rudolf soon retired from active business life, Wilhelm Kerrl led on the café alone until 1916 and then sold it, worn down by the economy of scarcity of the First World War, to Karl Anton Kraus, previously a butcher and innkeeper. He led the coffee for only five years, because in 1921 it was operated by a Hokare Ges.mbH (unlimited company) (the name stands for hotel, coffee and restoration companies). This company had to be liquidated 1925/1926.
The Café Landtmann was now bought in the fall of 1926 by Mr. and Mrs. Conrad and Angela Zauner. The new owners had it in 1929 after a design by Ernst Meller, experienced in the establishment of coffee houses, fully restored: with the preserved to this day interior which is under preservation order. Particularly striking are four wooden pillars at the entrance, which were created by Hans Scheibner and their decoration representing premiere scenes of the Burgtheater. With this elaborate interior design Landtmann consolidated its position as the most elegant café in town. In 1949, Konrad Zauner's son Erwin took the management of the café and led it on with great success.
In 1974 the company received the National Award and since then it is allowed to use the Federal coat of arms in commercial transactions. In 1976, the present owner family took the local and renovated it in 1980 again.
In the café was Robert Böck, on duty only called Mr. Robert, working for 28 years, many years as head waiter in a tuxedo, and he knew all the important guests personally. On his last working day, on 23 December 2003, many celebrities came to his departure from the cafe. Mayor Michael Häupl served Mr. Robert, who had so often served him a "little brown". To this end, he handed him the "Golden Rathausmann" "for the most famous, most discreet and most accommodating waiter of Vienna".
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldener_Rathausmann_(Wien)
Details
Small stage
In the basement below the coffee was after Czeike already 1936-1938 the Cabaret 'Merry Landtmann" for the dancer Cilli Wang set up by her husband. 1953 in the basement the small stage "The Tribune" was established (since 2002: "The new stand", directed by Karl Heinz Wukow). It is one of the numerous small Viennese theaters that operate with modest public support and which offer authors, actors and directors fields of application.
Winter Garden
2007 was built a conservatory on the facade towards the castle theater, designed by Manfred Wehdorn by 1.5 million euros (Bernd Querfeld). With 87 square meters and 29 tables, the conservatory is almost as spacious as the great hall of the café; thus the capacity of the premises has been extended by a quarter.
Landtmann's Bel-Etage
2012 were opened above the café three function rooms, which are referred to as "Landtmann's Bel-Etage". One of the rooms is named after Berta Zuckerkandl, which in the house (entrance Oppolzergasse 6) from 1917 to 1938 run her famous salon, meeting place of artists, scientists and politicians.
Price of water
2013 got the coffee into media because guests who instead of ordering other beverages only want drink tap water this service no longer receive free. The scheme has been criticized partly violently. The glass of water for ordered coffee, as it corresponds to the Viennese coffee house tradition, still is served free.
Miscellaneous
In the Café Landtmann are according to indications of the owner family on average held 2.8 press conferences per day.
Since 2003, the café is every summer venue of the coffee house theater ink & coffee.
In March 2009, was opened in Tokyo in the central district of Minato-ku, in fact, in the district Kitaaoyama in the Aoyama Street, a "Café Landtmann" called local opened.
Guests
The coffee house was according to Czeike visited, among others, by the artists Attila Hörbiger, Paul Hörbiger, Oskar Kokoschka, Hans Moser, Max Reinhardt, Oskar Werner and Paula Wessely. Among the politicians he names Julius German, Robert Dannenberg and Karl Seitz, who were part of the "Red Vienna", and in the postwar period the then very popular Chancellor Julius Raab. Gustav Mahler was encountering here with Karl Goldmark, Gary Cooper and Marlene Dietrich were among the "by-trotting" guests, the authors Jura Soyfer, Felix Salten, Thomas Mann and John Boynton Priestley also frequented the Landtmann. The owners themselves mention over and above Peter Altenberg, Sigmund Freud, Emmerich Kálmán, Curd Jürgens, Otto Preminger and Romy Schneider as regulars.
Sleeping Beauty dreams of fire on cold winter evenings
a shot from last March out at Trout Lake
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in my business... really this shot is what inspired the idea. any thoughts on these? I barely learned how to add writing to the image....
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The sanctuary windows were made locally in Adelaide By Thompson & Harvey and were donated by parents connected with the college: Sacred Heart being the gift of Mrs Fred Tennant, Our Blessed Lady that of Mr Taylor, and St Joseph, Mr P Flannagan. Ref: Stained Glass Australia.
Other chapel stained glass windows were designed by Franz Xaver Zettler of Munich, Germany.
Sacred Heart College Memorial Chapel
The Marist Brothers were favoured with beautiful, though rather warm weather, for the double ceremony which took place at the Sacred Heart College, Glenelg, on Sunday afternoon last, when his Grace the Archbishop blessed and opened the extensions to the College recently erected, and laid the foundation stone of the fine new chapel which is to be erected as a memorial of the jubilee of the Marist Brothers in Australia and of the students of the College who were killed in the late European war.
A crowd of some thousand persons, including many visitors from the city and suburbs, assembled in the grounds to witness the ceremony.
The Archbishop first blessed the extensions at the rear of the College, assisted by Rev Frs Gatzemeyer and Considine.
He then blessed the ground on which the memorial chapel is being erected on the eastern side of the College, and blessed and laid the foundation stone. For this purpose he was presented by Bro Joseph with a silver trowel, suitably inscribed, the gift of the architects (Messrs Garlick and Jackman).
Fifty years ago four Marist Brothers arrived in Sydney to take up the work at St Patrick's School in that city. They began with 117 scholars. Since then they had extended their operations from New Norcia, in the West, to Sydney, in the East, throughout the Commonwealth, in the Dominion of New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific, and had nearly 300 brothers engaged in scholastic work, and something like 9000 scholars.
In order to signalise this jubilee a committee was formed. They were anxious to mark the occasion by some permanent memorial. The Marist Brothers had never made an appeal to the public for help during their 50 years' existence in Australia, and he thought that was a record for any of the Orders in Australia. The committee also desired to erect a memorial to the ex-students of the College who had fallen in the war, and it had been decided that the two objects could best be combined in the erection of a college chapel.
Bro. Joseph said it was his pleasant duty to introduce his Grace the Archbishop, who had kindly come down to perform the ceremony.
The one concern of the appeal committee was the erection of the chapel, which would cost between £9000 and £10,000, and which they all knew would be an architectural ornament, not only to the college, but to the district. The committee was not merely an ornamental body. It had done a large amount of work in the 12 months since its formation with his Grace's consent, and deserved their best thanks. It had £3300 in hand, of which the members had contributed £1200, over a third, out of their own pockets. They had shown themselves willing to back their enthusiasm with their cash.
In addition to being a memorial of the jubilee, the building would serve another purpose, rather by coincidence than by set design. His Grace would remember that he was present five years ago, when Sir Henry Galway unveiled a roll of honour to over 300 of their students who had enlisted. Some 70 or 80 went to the front afterwards, bringing the total up to nearly 400. Between 60 and 70 of these had made the supreme sacrifice. It was thought fitting to commemorate them by a jubilee and memorial chapel.
The visitors then inspected the building and extensions, and afternoon tea was served.
The style adopted for the new chapel is that known as the Romanesque, and the materials to be used, bluestone with cement dressings, will harmonize with the architectural treatment of the existing buildings. The foundations are of specially designed reinforced cement concrete. The walls will be built of Tapley's Hill bluestone, with cement quoins and dressings to all door and window openings. The trustees have obtained a lease of a quarry at Tapley's Hill, and only specially selected stone will be used.
All the window frames will be of steel, with subdued colour-stained glass leaded lights of simple design. The joinery will be of blackwood, specially chosen for beauty of grain, and polished. The whole of the walls internally will be finished in cement and brown sand, thus giving a permanent buff shade effect, and they will be jointed to represent stone. The ceiling will be panelled in wood and stained to harmonize with the cement-finish of the walls.
The roof is to be covered with Roman-pattern terra cotta tiles. The width of the chapel will be 28 feet, and the length 66 feet, with aisles on each side six feet wide. The sanctuary at the eastern end will be 18 feet wide and 21 feet long, semicircular and lighted by three stained glass windows placed above the altar.
The entrance porch will be 14 feet by 10 feet, with white Angaston marble steps leading from the carriage drive. At each side of the entrance porch will be a tower 12 feet square carried up to a height of 60 feet, the upper portion of which will be octagonal and surmounted with a copper dome and cross.
Provision will be made over the entrance porch for an organ chamber, and curved and panelled wooden gallery for the organ-passage ways leading from the sanctuary.
The whole of the floors will be of reinforced cement concrete, covered with wood parquetry flooring of specially selected blackwood and oak. Messrs Garlick and Jackman are the architects, and Messrs Dwyer and Warner the contractors.
[Ref: Southern Cross Friday 29-9-1922]
The blessing and opening of the magnificent Romanesque Memorial Chapel recently erected in the grounds of the Sacred Heart College, Glenelg, will take place on Sunday, March 30, at 3.15 pm. The ceremony will be performed by his Grace the Archbishop. The public are cordially invited to attend, especially the parents and friends of Marist Bros' old boys who fell in the war, of whom the chapel is a memorial. It also commemorates the centenary of the Marist Brothers in France in 1817 and the golden jubilee of their establishment in Australia in 1922.
The chapel, which was built at a cost of £11,000, is an imposing structure of Tapley Hill bluestone. In the porch two beautiful statues of Youth will serve as lights. The chapel has seating accommodation for 350 persons.
[Ref: Southern Cross Friday 14-3-1924]
There were a couple of things we wanted to have a look at on the way home, the Angel of the North was one of them. Impressive :o))
Personal comment in view of recent events.....
Firstly, how are they going to enforce this new ruling as many look so convincing. Secondly, where do we go to ‘powder our noses’? Thirdly, how are they going to know that a trans woman isn’t a woman from birth? This has all been created by radical cis women, outspoken trans activists and a small minority of men, claiming to be trans, using it to their own devices! It’s not over by a long shot!
I'm no threat to anyone....... I just enjoy being me and presenting as such. x
....Day of the Dead. Today New Mexicans across the state celebrate Day of the Dead. Albuquerque celebrated, with 7000 people descending on the South Valley to join in or watch the Marigold Parade. This has to be one of the most spectacular parades so if ever you get the chance to celebrate the day of the dead do so! Don't be afraid to get dressed up and paint your face, you'll not be alone! Here's just a few of the hundreds of pics I took :)
Día de los Muertos is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico and around the world in other cultures. The holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died. The celebration takes place around October 31, November 1 and November 2, (here in NM November 3 this year) in connection with the Christian triduum of Hallowmas: All Hallows' Eve, All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day. Traditions connected with the holiday include building private altars called ofrendas honoring the deceased using sugar skulls, marigolds, and the favorite foods and beverages of the departed and visiting graves with these as gifts. They also leave possessions of the deceased. More here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead
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Sony A7R RAW Photos of Tall, Thin Pretty Blond Bikini Swimsuit Model Goddess! Modeling T-shirts, swimsuitsm and Hoodie! Carl Zeiss Sony FE 55mm F1.8 ZA Sonnar T* Lens ! Lightroom 5.3 ! 45surf Surfboard!
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Beautiful Hero's Odyssey Mythology Swimsuit Bikini Model Goddesses! Pretty, pretty, girls! Modeling 45surf T-Shirts, hoodies, and shirts!
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As the Great Mick Jagger satted, "Pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty, girl
Pretty, pretty
Such a pretty, pretty, pretty girl." -Beast of Burden Sexy, hot, and cute too!
Epic Goddess Straight Out of Hero's Odyssey Mythology! Pretty Model! :) Tall, thin, fit and beautiful!
Welcome to your epic hero's odyssey! The beautiful 45surf goddess sisters hath called ye to adventure, beckoning ye to read deeply Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, whence ye shall learn of yer own exalted artistic path guided by Hero's Odyssey Mythology. I wouldn't be saying it if it hadn't happened to me.
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Nikon D300 Photos of Beautfiul Sexy Hot Brunette!
She was a beauty--a gold 45 goddess for sure! A Gold 45 Goddess exalts the archetypal form of Athena--the Greek Goddess of wisdom, warfare, strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. A Gold 45 Goddess guards the beauty of dx4/dt=ic and embodies 45SURF's motto "Virtus, Honoris, et Actio Pro Veritas, Amor, et Bellus, (Strength, Honor, and Action for Truth, Love, and Beauty," and she stands ready to inspire and guide you along your epic, heroic odyssey into art and mythology. It is Athena who descends to call Telemachus to Adventure in the first book of Homer's Odyssey--to man up, find news of his true father Odysseus, and rid his home of the false suitors, and too, it is Athena who descends in the first book of Homer's Iliad, to calm the Rage of Achilles who is about to draw his sword so as to slay his commander who just seized Achilles' prize, thusly robbing Achilles of his Honor--the higher prize Achilles fought for. And now Athena descends once again, assuming the form of a Gold 45 Goddess, to inspire you along your epic odyssey of heroic endeavour.
ALL THE BEST on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Modeling the new black & gold & "Gold 45 Revolver" Gold'N'Virtue swimsuits with the main equation to Moving Dimensions Theory on the swimsuits: dx4/dt=ic. Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! :) You can read more about my research and Hero's Odyssey Physics here:
herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/ MDT PROOF#2: Einstein (1912 Man. on Rel.) and Minkowski wrote x4=ict. Ergo dx4/dt=ic--the foundational equation of all time and motion which is on all the shirts and swimsuits. Every photon that hits my Nikon D800e's sensor does it by surfing the fourth expanding dimension, which is moving at c relative to the three spatial dimensions, or dx4/dt=ic!
With the Johnny Ranger McCoy Celtic Cross on the back of the bikini! All the best on your epic hero's odyssey from JR MCCOY! Carl Zeiss Sony FE 55mm F1.8 ZA Sonnar T* Lens!
Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Brian P. McKeon is sworn in as the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources by Acting Under Secretary of State for Management Carol Z. Perez at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., on March 19, 2021. [State Department Photo by Mark Stewart/ Public Domain]
Sequoia National Park is an American national park in the southern Sierra Nevada east of Visalia, California. The park was established on September 25, 1890, to protect 404,064 acres (631 sq mi; 163,519 ha; 1,635 km2) of forested mountainous terrain. Encompassing a vertical relief of nearly 13,000 feet (4,000 m), the park contains the highest point in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney, at 14,505 feet (4,421 m) above sea level. The park is south of, and contiguous with, Kings Canyon National Park; both parks are administered by the National Park Service together as the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. UNESCO designated the areas as Sequoia-Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve in 1976.
The park is notable for its giant sequoia trees, including the General Sherman tree, the largest tree on Earth by volume. The General Sherman tree grows in the Giant Forest, which contains five of the ten largest trees in the world. The Giant Forest is connected by the Generals Highway to Kings Canyon National Park's General Grant Grove, home of the General Grant tree among other giant sequoias. The park's giant sequoia forests are part of 202,430 acres (316 sq mi; 81,921 ha; 819 km2) of old-growth forests shared by Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. The parks preserve a landscape that was first cultivated by the Monachee tribe, the southern Sierra Nevada before Euro-American settlement.
The national park was partially closed in September 2020 due to the Sequoia Complex wildfire, and again from mid-September through mid-December 2021 due to the KNP Complex Fire.
Many park visitors enter Sequoia National Park through its southern entrance near the town of Three Rivers at Ash Mountain at 1,700 ft (520 m) elevation. The lower elevations around Ash Mountain contain the only National Park Service-protected California Foothills ecosystem, consisting of blue oak woodlands, foothills chaparral, grasslands, yucca plants, and steep, mild river valleys. Seasonal weather results in a changing landscape throughout the foothills with hot summer yielding an arid landscape while spring and winter rains result in blossoming wildflowers and lush greens. The region is also home to abundant wildlife: bobcats, foxes, ground squirrels, rattlesnakes, and mule deer are commonly seen in this area, and more rarely, reclusive mountain lions and the Pacific fisher are seen as well. The last California grizzly was killed in this park in 1922 (at Horse Corral Meadow). The California Black Oak is a key transition species between the chaparral and higher elevation conifer forest.
At higher elevations in the front country, between 5,500 and 9,000 feet (1,700 and 2,700 m) in elevation, the landscape becomes montane forest-dominated coniferous belt. Found here are Ponderosa, Jeffrey, sugar, and lodgepole pine trees, as well as abundant white and red fir. Found here too are the giant sequoia trees, the most massive living single-stem trees on earth. Between the trees, spring and summer snowmelts sometimes fan out to form lush, though delicate, meadows. In this region, visitors often see mule deer, Douglas squirrels, and American black bears, which sometimes break into unattended cars to eat food left by careless visitors. There are plans to reintroduce the bighorn sheep to this park.
The vast majority of the park is roadless wilderness; no road crosses the Sierra Nevada within the park's boundaries. 84 percent of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks is designated wilderness and is accessible only by foot or by horseback. The majority was designated Sequoia-Kings Canyon Wilderness in 1984 and the southwest portion was protected as John Krebs Wilderness in 2009.
Sequoia's backcountry offers a vast expanse of high-alpine wonders. Covering the highest-elevation region of the High Sierra, the backcountry includes Mount Whitney on the eastern border of the park, accessible from the Giant Forest via the High Sierra Trail. On a traveler's path along this 35-mile (56 km) backcountry trail, one passes through about 10 miles (16 km) of montane forest before reaching the backcountry resort of Bearpaw Meadow, just short of the Great Western Divide.
Continuing along the High Sierra Trail over the Great Western Divide via Kaweah Gap, one passes from the Kaweah River Drainage, with its characteristic V-shaped river valleys, and into the Kern River drainage, where an ancient fault line has aided glaciers in the last ice age to create a U-shaped canyon that is almost perfectly straight for nearly 20 miles (32 km). On the floor of this canyon, at least two days hike from the nearest road, is the Kern Canyon hot spring, a popular resting point for weary backpackers. From the floor of Kern Canyon, the trail ascends again over 8,000 ft (2,400 m) to the summit of Mount Whitney. At Mount Whitney, the High Sierra Trail meets with the John Muir Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail, which continue northward along the Sierra crest and into the backcountry of Kings Canyon National Park.
The area which now is Sequoia National Park shows evidence of Native American settlement as early as 1000 A.D.[ The area was first home to "Monachee" (Western Mono) Native Americans, who resided mainly in the Kaweah River drainage in the Foothills region of what is now the park, though evidence of seasonal habitation exists as high as the Giant Forest. Members of this tribe were permanent residents of the park, with a population estimate of around 2,000. In the summertime the Tubatulabal Native Americans used the eastern part of the area (the Kern River drainage) as their summer hunting grounds. During this time, the Western Mono tribe would travel over the high mountain passes to trade with tribes to the East. To this day, pictographs can be found at several sites within the park, notably at Hospital Rock and Potwisha, as well as bedrock mortars used to process acorns, a staple food for the Monachee people.
The first European settler to homestead in the area was Hale Tharp, who famously built a home out of a hollowed-out fallen giant sequoia log in the Giant Forest next to Log Meadow. Tharp arrived in 1858 to the region and encountered several groups of Native Americans, the largest being around 600 with several other smaller groups found at higher elevations. After becoming friendly with the Western Mono tribe, Tharp was shown the Giant Forest Sequoia Grove. After his settlement, more settlers came around 1860. Shortly thereafter - between 1860 and 1863, epidemics of smallpox, measles, and scarlet fever killed the majority of the Native Americans living in the area. After this, the rest of the Native Americans left with the largest campsite (Hospital Rock) abandoned by 1865. During their time in the area, the Monachee used periodic fire burning to aid in hunting and agriculture. This technique played an important role in the ecology of the region and allowed for a "natural" vegetation cover development. After they left, Tharp and other settlers allowed sheep and cattle to graze the meadow, while at the same time maintaining a respect for the grandeur of the forest and led early battles against logging in the area. From time to time, Tharp received visits from John Muir, who would stay at Tharp's log cabin. Tharp's Log can still be visited today in its original location in the Giant Forest.
However, Tharp's attempts to conserve the giant sequoias were at first met with only limited success. In the 1880s, white settlers seeking to create a utopian society founded the Kaweah Colony, which sought economic success in trading Sequoia timber. However, Giant Sequoia trees, unlike their coast redwood relatives, were later discovered to splinter easily and therefore were ill-suited to timber harvesting, though thousands of trees were felled before logging operations finally ceased. The National Park Service incorporated the Giant Forest into Sequoia National Park in 1890, the year of its founding, promptly ceasing all logging operations in the Giant Forest.
Another consequence of the Giant Forest becoming Sequoia National Park was the shift in park employment. Prior to the incorporation by the National Park Service, the park was managed by US army troops of the 24th Regiment of Infantry and the 9th Regiment of Cavalry, better known as the Buffalo Soldiers. These segregated troops, founded in 1866, were African-American men from the South, an invaluable demographic to the military with the lowest rates of desertion. The Buffalo Soldiers completed park infrastructure projects as well as park management duties, helping to shape the role of the modern-day park ranger. The Buffalo Soldiers rose to this position due to a lack of funding for the park which led to an inability to hire civilians. The third African American West Point graduate, Captain Charles Young led the cavalries of Buffalo Soldiers in the Sequoia and General Grant Parks. Young landed this post as a result of the segregation rampant throughout the Army: as a black man, he was not permitted to head any combat units. He did, however, demonstrate his leadership capability through his initiatives in the National Park delegating park infrastructure projects, hosting tourists and politicians, and setting a standard of a strong work ethic into his men. Young was also a prominent figure regarding the early conservation of Sequoia National Park. He greenlighted the dedication of trees in honor of prominent figures as a means of promoting their preservation. One such example is the Redwood dedicated to the escaped slave and activist, Booker T Washington. Young also argued to the Secretary of the Interior that the lack of enforcement of forest protection laws allowed the detrimental practices of logging and the popular tourist hobby of carving names into the redwoods to continue. To combat this, Young increased patrolling of troops around heavily trafficked areas and initiated a proposal to buy out private landowners surrounding Sequoia to further buffer the protected area.
The land buyouts Young initiated were just the beginning of increasing the area of Sequoia National Park. The park has expanded several times over the decades to its present size; one of the most significant expansions took place in 1926 and was advocated for by Susan Thew Parks. One of the most recent expansions occurred in 1978, when grassroots efforts, spearheaded by the Sierra Club, fought off attempts by the Walt Disney Corporation to purchase a high-alpine former mining site south of the park for use as a ski resort. This site known as Mineral King was annexed to the park. Its name dates back to early 1873 when the miners in the area formed the Mineral King Mining District. Mineral King is the highest-elevation developed site within the park and a popular destination for backpackers.
Sequoia National Park contains a significant portion of the Sierra Nevada. The park's mountainous landscape includes the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney, which rises to 14,505 feet (4,421 m) above sea level. The Great Western Divide parallels the Sierran crest and is visible at various places in the park, for example, Mineral King, Moro Rock, and the Giant Forest. Peaks in the Great Western Divide rise to more than 12,000 feet (3,700 m). Deep canyons lie between the mountains, including Tokopah Valley above Lodgepole, Deep Canyon on the Marble Fork of the Kaweah River, and Kern Canyon in the park's backcountry, which is more than 5,000 feet (1,500 m) deep for 30 miles (48 km).
Most of the mountains and canyons in the Sierra Nevada are composed of granitic rocks. These rocks, such as granite, diorite and monzonite, formed when molten rock cooled far beneath the surface of the earth. The molten rock was the result of a geologic process known as subduction. Powerful forces in the earth forced the landmass under the waters of the Pacific Ocean beneath and below an advancing North American Continent. Super-hot water driven from the subducting ocean floor migrated upward and melted rock as it proceeded. This process took place during the Cretaceous Period, 100 million years ago. Granitic rocks have a speckled salt-and-pepper appearance because they contain various minerals including quartz, feldspars and micas. Valhalla, or the Angel Wings, are prominent granitic cliffs that rise above the headwaters of the Middle Fork of the Kaweah River.
The Sierra Nevada is a young mountain range, probably not more than 10 million years old. Forces in the earth, probably associated with the development of the Great Basin, forced the mountains to rise. During the last 10 million years, at least four ice ages have coated the mountains in a thick mantle of ice. Glaciers form and develop during long periods of cool and wet weather. Glaciers move very slowly through the mountains, carving deep valleys and craggy peaks. The extensive history of glaciation within the range and the erosion resistant nature of the granitic rocks that make up most of the Sierra Nevada have together created a landscape of hanging valleys, waterfalls, craggy peaks, alpine lakes (such as Tulainyo Lake) and glacial canyons.
Park caves, like most caves in the Sierra Nevada of California, are mostly solutional caves dissolved from marble. Marble rock is essentially limestone that was metamorphosed by the heat and pressure of the formation and uplift of the Sierra Nevada Batholith. The batholith's rapid uplift over the past 10 million years led to a rapid erosion of the metamorphic rocks in the higher elevations, exposing the granite beneath; therefore, most Sierra Nevada caves are found in the middle and lower elevations (below 7,000 ft or 2,100 m), though some caves are found in the park at elevations as high as 10,000 ft (3,000 m) such as the White Chief cave and Cirque Cave in Mineral King. These caves are carved out of the rock by the abundant seasonal streams in the park. Most of the larger park caves have, or have had, sinking streams running through them.
The park contains more than 270 known caves, including Lilburn Cave which is California's longest cave with nearly 17 miles (27 km) of surveyed passages. The only commercial cave open to park visitors is Crystal Cave, the park's second-longest cave at over 3.4 miles (5.5 km). Crystal Cave was discovered on April 28, 1918, by Alex Medley and Cassius Webster. The cave is a constant 48 °F (9 °C), and is only accessible by guided tour.
Caves are discovered every year in the park with the most recently discovered major cave being Ursa Minor in August 2006.
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. Potential natural vegetation Types, Sequoia National Park encompasses five classifications listed here from highest to lowest elevation; Alpine tundra & barren vegetation type with an Alpine tundra vegetation form...Pinus contorta/ Subalpine zone vegetation type with a California Conifer Forest vegetation form...Abies magnifica vegetation type with a California Conifer Forest vegetation form...Mixed conifer vegetation type with a California Conifer Forest vegetation form...and Chaparral vegetation type with a California chaparral and woodlands vegetation form.
Animals that inhabit this park are coyote, badger, black bear, bighorn sheep, deer, fox, cougar, eleven species of woodpecker, various species of turtle, three species of owl, opossum, various species of snake, wolverine, beaver, various species of frog, and muskrat.
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The economy of the state of California is the largest in the United States, with a $3.4 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind Germany and ahead of India, as well as the 37th most populous. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.5 trillion respectively as of 2020). The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people.
Prior to European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America and contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire. In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence, but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to dramatic social and demographic changes, including large-scale immigration into California, a worldwide economic boom, and the California genocide of indigenous people. The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850, following the Compromise of 1850.
Notable contributions to popular culture, for example in entertainment and sports, have their origins in California. The state also has made noteworthy contributions in the fields of communication, information, innovation, environmentalism, economics, and politics. It is the home of Hollywood, the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, which has had a profound influence upon global entertainment. It is considered the origin of the hippie counterculture, beach and car culture, and the personal computer, among other innovations. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as the centers of the global technology and film industries, respectively. California's economy is very diverse: 58% of it is based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy, California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state. California's ports and harbors handle about a third of all U.S. imports, most originating in Pacific Rim international trade.
The state's extremely diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast and metropolitan areas in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, and from the redwood and Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. California is well known for its warm Mediterranean climate and monsoon seasonal weather. The large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains.
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during at least the last 13,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. Various estimates of the native population have ranged from 100,000 to 300,000. The indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct ethnic groups, inhabiting environments from mountains and deserts to islands and redwood forests. These groups were also diverse in their political organization, with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered social and economic relationships between many groups.
The first Europeans to explore the coast of California were the members of a Spanish maritime expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Cabrillo was commissioned by Antonio de Mendoza, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island. Privateer and explorer Francis Drake explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579, landing north of the future city of San Francisco. Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain, putting ashore in Monterey. Despite the on-the-ground explorations of California in the 16th century, Rodríguez's idea of California as an island persisted. Such depictions appeared on many European maps well into the 18th century.
The Portolá expedition of 1769-70 was a pivotal event in the Spanish colonization of California, resulting in the establishment of numerous missions, presidios, and pueblos. The military and civil contingent of the expedition was led by Gaspar de Portolá, who traveled over land from Sonora into California, while the religious component was headed by Junípero Serra, who came by sea from Baja California. In 1769, Portolá and Serra established Mission San Diego de Alcalá and the Presidio of San Diego, the first religious and military settlements founded by the Spanish in California. By the end of the expedition in 1770, they would establish the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo on Monterey Bay.
After the Portolà expedition, Spanish missionaries led by Father-President Serra set out to establish 21 Spanish missions of California along El Camino Real ("The Royal Road") and along the Californian coast, 16 sites of which having been chosen during the Portolá expedition. Numerous major cities in California grew out of missions, including San Francisco (Mission San Francisco de Asís), San Diego (Mission San Diego de Alcalá), Ventura (Mission San Buenaventura), or Santa Barbara (Mission Santa Barbara), among others.
Juan Bautista de Anza led a similarly important expedition throughout California in 1775–76, which would extend deeper into the interior and north of California. The Anza expedition selected numerous sites for missions, presidios, and pueblos, which subsequently would be established by settlers. Gabriel Moraga, a member of the expedition, would also christen many of California's prominent rivers with their names in 1775–1776, such as the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River. After the expedition, Gabriel's son, José Joaquín Moraga, would found the pueblo of San Jose in 1777, making it the first civilian-established city in California.
The Spanish founded Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the Californian missions.
During this same period, sailors from the Russian Empire explored along the northern coast of California. In 1812, the Russian-American Company established a trading post and small fortification at Fort Ross on the North Coast. Fort Ross was primarily used to supply Russia's Alaskan colonies with food supplies. The settlement did not meet much success, failing to attract settlers or establish long term trade viability, and was abandoned by 1841.
During the War of Mexican Independence, Alta California was largely unaffected and uninvolved in the revolution, though many Californios supported independence from Spain, which many believed had neglected California and limited its development. Spain's trade monopoly on California had limited the trade prospects of Californians. Following Mexican independence, Californian ports were freely able to trade with foreign merchants. Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá presided over the transition from Spanish colonial rule to independent.
In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave the Mexican Empire (which included California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico, which shortly after independence became a republic. The missions, which controlled most of the best land in the state, were secularized by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government. The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge ranchos or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants. Beef did not become a commodity until the 1849 California Gold Rush.
From the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. The early government of the newly independent Mexico was highly unstable, and in a reflection of this, from 1831 onwards, California also experienced a series of armed disputes, both internal and with the central Mexican government. During this tumultuous political period Juan Bautista Alvarado was able to secure the governorship during 1836–1842. The military action which first brought Alvarado to power had momentarily declared California to be an independent state, and had been aided by Anglo-American residents of California, including Isaac Graham. In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to the Graham Affair, which was resolved in part with the intercession of Royal Navy officials.
One of the largest ranchers in California was John Marsh. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, the soil, and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known as "Marsh's route". His letters were read, reread, passed around, and printed in newspapers throughout the country, and started the first wagon trains rolling to California. He invited immigrants to stay on his ranch until they could get settled, and assisted in their obtaining passports.
After ushering in the period of organized emigration to California, Marsh became involved in a military battle between the much-hated Mexican general, Manuel Micheltorena and the California governor he had replaced, Juan Bautista Alvarado. The armies of each met at the Battle of Providencia near Los Angeles. Marsh had been forced against his will to join Micheltorena's army. Ignoring his superiors, during the battle, he signaled the other side for a parley. There were many settlers from the United States fighting on both sides. He convinced these men that they had no reason to be fighting each other. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born Pio Pico was returned to the governorship. This paved the way to California's ultimate acquisition by the United States.
In 1846, a group of American settlers in and around Sonoma rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterward, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's only president was William B. Ide,[65] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. This revolt by American settlers served as a prelude to the later American military invasion of California and was closely coordinated with nearby American military commanders.
The California Republic was short-lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–48).
Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay in 1846 and began the U.S. military invasion of California, with Northern California capitulating in less than a month to the United States forces. In Southern California, Californios continued to resist American forces. Notable military engagements of the conquest include the Battle of San Pasqual and the Battle of Dominguez Rancho in Southern California, as well as the Battle of Olómpali and the Battle of Santa Clara in Northern California. After a series of defensive battles in the south, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing a censure and establishing de facto American control in California.
Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (February 2, 1848) that ended the war, the westernmost portion of the annexed Mexican territory of Alta California soon became the American state of California, and the remainder of the old territory was then subdivided into the new American Territories of Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah. The even more lightly populated and arid lower region of old Baja California remained as a part of Mexico. In 1846, the total settler population of the western part of the old Alta California had been estimated to be no more than 8,000, plus about 100,000 Native Americans, down from about 300,000 before Hispanic settlement in 1769.
In 1848, only one week before the official American annexation of the area, gold was discovered in California, this being an event which was to forever alter both the state's demographics and its finances. Soon afterward, a massive influx of immigration into the area resulted, as prospectors and miners arrived by the thousands. The population burgeoned with United States citizens, Europeans, Chinese and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By the time of California's application for statehood in 1850, the settler population of California had multiplied to 100,000. By 1854, more than 300,000 settlers had come. Between 1847 and 1870, the population of San Francisco increased from 500 to 150,000.
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in Monterey from 1777 until 1845. Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, had briefly moved the capital to Los Angeles in 1845. The United States consulate had also been located in Monterey, under consul Thomas O. Larkin.
In 1849, a state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the U.S. Congress for admission to statehood. On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California became a free state and September 9 a state holiday.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), California sent gold shipments eastward to Washington in support of the Union. However, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army were unofficially associated with the state of California, such as the "California 100 Company", due to a majority of their members being from California.
At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. Nineteen years later, and seven years after it was greenlighted by President Lincoln, the First transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. California was then reachable from the eastern States in a week's time.
Much of the state was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
In the nineteenth century, a large number of migrants from China traveled to the state as part of the Gold Rush or to seek work. Even though the Chinese proved indispensable in building the transcontinental railroad from California to Utah, perceived job competition with the Chinese led to anti-Chinese riots in the state, and eventually the US ended migration from China partially as a response to pressure from California with the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act.
Under earlier Spanish and Mexican rule, California's original native population had precipitously declined, above all, from Eurasian diseases to which the indigenous people of California had not yet developed a natural immunity. Under its new American administration, California's harsh governmental policies towards its own indigenous people did not improve. As in other American states, many of the native inhabitants were soon forcibly removed from their lands by incoming American settlers such as miners, ranchers, and farmers. Although California had entered the American union as a free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians" were de facto enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. There were also massacres in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed.
Between 1850 and 1860, the California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government) to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In later decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them. As a result, the rise of California was a calamity for the native inhabitants. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.
In the twentieth century, thousands of Japanese people migrated to the US and California specifically to attempt to purchase and own land in the state. However, the state in 1913 passed the Alien Land Act, excluding Asian immigrants from owning land. During World War II, Japanese Americans in California were interned in concentration camps such as at Tule Lake and Manzanar. In 2020, California officially apologized for this internment.
Migration to California accelerated during the early 20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to the greatest in the Union. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6.0% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 89.5% non-Hispanic white.
To meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. California manufactured 8.7 percent of total United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking third (behind New York and Michigan) among the 48 states. California however easily ranked first in production of military ships during the war (transport, cargo, [merchant ships] such as Liberty ships, Victory ships, and warships) at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area. After World War II, California's economy greatly expanded due to strong aerospace and defense industries, whose size decreased following the end of the Cold War. Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley. As a result of these efforts, California is regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the United States center of agricultural production. Just before the Dot Com Bust, California had the fifth-largest economy in the world among nations.
In the mid and late twentieth century, a number of race-related incidents occurred in the state. Tensions between police and African Americans, combined with unemployment and poverty in inner cities, led to violent riots, such as the 1965 Watts riots and 1992 Rodney King riots. California was also the hub of the Black Panther Party, a group known for arming African Americans to defend against racial injustice and for organizing free breakfast programs for schoolchildren. Additionally, Mexican, Filipino, and other migrant farm workers rallied in the state around Cesar Chavez for better pay in the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 20th century, two great disasters happened in California. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1928 St. Francis Dam flood remain the deadliest in U.S. history.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze known as "smog" has been substantially abated after the passage of federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
An energy crisis in 2001 led to rolling blackouts, soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric Company came under heavy criticism.
Housing prices in urban areas continued to increase; a modest home which in the 1960s cost $25,000 would cost half a million dollars or more in urban areas by 2005. More people commuted longer hours to afford a home in more rural areas while earning larger salaries in the urban areas. Speculators bought houses they never intended to live in, expecting to make a huge profit in a matter of months, then rolling it over by buying more properties. Mortgage companies were compliant, as everyone assumed the prices would keep rising. The bubble burst in 2007–8 as housing prices began to crash and the boom years ended. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared as many financial institutions and investors were badly hurt.
In the twenty-first century, droughts and frequent wildfires attributed to climate change have occurred in the state. From 2011 to 2017, a persistent drought was the worst in its recorded history. The 2018 wildfire season was the state's deadliest and most destructive, most notably Camp Fire.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze that is known as "smog" has been substantially abated thanks to federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
The Triumph of Aemilius Paulus
Carle Vernet (Antoine Charles Horace) (French, 1758-1836)
1789
Oil on canvas; 51 1/8 x 172 1/2 in. (129.9 x 438.2 cm)
The painting illustrates the procession celebrating the victory of the Roman general, Aemilius Paulus, over King Perseus of Macedonia in 168 B.C. Aemilius is shown on the gold chariot on the right followed by prisoners, among whom is Perseus with his family. The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus with its hundred steps dominates the background. The picture was begun in 1787 and was presented as Vernet's reception piece to the French Royal Academy in 1789. It was exhibited in the Salon in 1789 and 1791. A Funeral of Patrocles was planned as a pendant but was never finished.
Gift of Darius O. Mills, 1906 (06.144)
**
The Metropolitan Museum of Art's permanent collection contains more than two million works of art from around the world. It opened its doors on February 20, 1872, housed in a building located at 681 Fifth Avenue in New York City. Under their guidance of John Taylor Johnston and George Palmer Putnam, the Met's holdings, initially consisting of a Roman stone sarcophagus and 174 mostly European paintings, quickly outgrew the available space. In 1873, occasioned by the Met's purchase of the Cesnola Collection of Cypriot antiquities, the museum decamped from Fifth Avenue and took up residence at the Douglas Mansion on West 14th Street. However, these new accommodations were temporary; after negotiations with the city of New York, the Met acquired land on the east side of Central Park, where it built its permanent home, a red-brick Gothic Revival stone "mausoleum" designed by American architects Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mold. As of 2006, the Met measures almost a quarter mile long and occupies more than two million square feet, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
In 2007, the Metropolitan Museum of Art was ranked #17 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967. The interior was designated in 1977.
National Historic Register #86003556
“Inspiring women to be financially independent”
Shaku Atre is an exceptional speaker, with the reputation of capturing the attention of audiences and maintaining their interest while guiding her listeners painlessly through sophisticated material. Ms. Atre is the President of Atre Group Inc. which is a leading consulting, training, and publishing company specializing in Business Intelligence (BI), Data Warehouses and Big Data.
Before heading her present company, Ms. Atre was a Partner with Price Waterhouse Coopers. She also has fourteen years of experience in various fields with IBM. Ms. Atre completed Masters of Science, Suma cum Laude, in Statistics, University of Poona, India; Scholarship to University of Heidelberg, Germany, Applied Mathematics, Thesis on Astronomy. She is an acknowledged expert in the Data Warehousing and database field.
She has extensive practical experience in database projects, has helped a number of clients in establishing successful Data Warehouses and client/server installations, and has taught at IBM’s prestigious Systems Research Institute.
She has lectured on the subject to professional organizations in the USA and Canada, as well as in more than 35 countries around the world. Ms. Atre is frequently quoted in reputable publications such as Computerworld and Information Week. She has written an award-winning outstanding book on database management systems that has become a classic on the subject: Database: Structured Techniques for Design, Performance and Management, published by John Wiley and Sons, New York. The book has sold over 250,000 copies (not including its Spanish and Russian translations) and has been selected by several book clubs and leading universities including Harvard, Columbia, Cornell, MIT, New York University, Stanford, and U.C. Berkeley as well as by the Moscow University. Her book Information Center: Strategies and Case Studies published by Atre International Consultants Inc., has also been very well received by the industry. Database Management Systems is another successful book authored by Ms. Atre. Her fourth book, Distributed Databases, Cooperative Processing & Networking was published by McGraw-Hill.
She has also authored a very well received book: Atre’s Roadmap for Data Warehouse/Data Mart Implementations published by Gartner Group, and is co-author of her latest BI book Business Intelligence Roadmap: The Complete Project Lifecycle for Decision-Support Applications published by Addison Wesley.
Our middle-school students at Tam High are building a City of the Future together, using arts and electronics to make a model of what our world may be like in 100 years.
In our sixth class, students worked in teams to make public spaces for their city: underwater mines, segregated neighborhoods, surface rubbles and gated skyscrapers for the rich. This week’s creations included a new city sign, more ladders, more mine workers, and tall, skinny towers scraping the crimson sky.
They also agreed on a final name for their city: 15A, named after its sector coordinates. In their post-apocalyptic city of the future, the rich are separated from the poor, who mine the sea floor and are oppressed by a government run by machines.
I am teaching this after-school class with Geo Monley and Cynthia Gilbert, and we are happy to see our students so engaged in this project. Through this course, they are developing a range of skills, from creative expression to science and engineering (STEAM). And they are learn to create interactive art with simple electronics, in a playful and collaborative way that makes learning more fun.
Learn more about our City of the Future course: fabriceflorin.com/2016/02/23/city-of-the-future/
Preview our City of the Future in these class slides:
bit.ly/city-of-the-future-slides-tam-high-1
View more photos of our Maker Art course at Tam High:
www.flickr.com/photos/fabola/albums/72157666710348841
Learn more about our Maker Art courses:
fabriceflorin.com/2016/02/14/teaching-maker-art/
Learn more about Tam Makers:
Love the quilting on this....Piece and Joy Quilting in Kings Valley does most of my quilts beautifully
Over the weekend of the 23rd and 24th of February testing was conducted of the new Capital Connection carriages built from old Auckland Transport SA carriages. The first ever test was seen here entering the loop at Paekakariki, hauled by DFB 7049. Running as B02 from Wellington to Paekakariki and return. These carriages would make up the first set with others rebuild for a hopeful increase in usage. For complete delete the consist of B02 was as follows, SRG6026, SRC6159, SR5968, SR6172, SR5975, SR6010.
23rd February 2023
Photography/Lighting: Danial Enemiko
Model: Luke I.
Makeup/Hair: Luke I.
Wardrobe: Luke I.
Processing: Danial Enemiko/Luke I.
An offside view of London Central's SP 24 at the southern terminus of route 35 in Grant Road by Clapham Junction station taken one warm and sunny afternoon in June 1994 with the station itself visible above the vehicle. Back in 1994 route 35's allocation was normally in the hands of Leyland Titans, although the odd Optare Spectras did make an appearance on London Central route 35 (along with routes 40 and 45) back then as was the case here.
This bus stand at the eastern end of Grant Road in Clapham Junction is also shared with terminating buses on routes 39, 170 and 295 plus route 156 prior to route 156 being extended east via Lavender Hill, Queenstown Road and Nine Elms Lane to terminate at Vauxhall bus station instead from 2002. I quite liked the sleek and modern (for the 1990s) design of these Optare Spectra vehicles which ran in service with London Central between 1993 and 2000 but the only down side to these vehicles was their hard interior seating as well as their very unpopular single-door layout.
Life isn't always a bed of roses,if it was we'd all be bored sick of this beautiful and fragrant flower by now.Sometimes life is a bed of lillies,sometimes daisies,sometimes tulips and sometimes there wont be any bed and you'll have to sleep on the floor,like this man.
We just need to learn to deal with our everchanging situations to the best of our abilities and in the process also learn to appreciate the simple pleasures that life has to offer.It may not be all that you dreamed of but its still always worthwhile.Life is incomplete without its ups and downs. Lets hope and pray there are more ups in our lives than downs:)
Just off the main route around Bolton abbey circular walk. No dogs allowed so had to split from wife and the dog. Handy as I had plenty of time to wander. slippery in places
Fields Of Gold
Sting
You'll remember me when the west wind moves
Upon the fields of barley
You'll forget the sun in his jealous sky
As we walk in fields of gold
So she took her love for to gaze awhile
Upon the fields of barley
In his arms she fell as her hair came down
Among the fields of gold
Will you stay with me, will you be my love
Among the fields of barley
We'll forget the sun in his jealous sky
As we lie in fields of gold
See the west wind move like a lover so
Upon the fields of barley
Feel her body rise when you kiss her mouth
Among the fields of gold
I never made promises lightly
And there have been some that I've broken
But I swear in the days still left
We'll walk in fields of gold
We'll walk in fields of gold
Many years have passed since those summer days
Among the fields of barley
See the children run as the sun goes down
Among the fields of gold
You'll remember me when the west wind moves
Upon the fields of barley
You can tell the sun in his jealous sky
When we walked in fields of gold
When we walked in fields of gold
When we walked in fields of gold
______________________________________________
Boa tarde !
1st collab of a great weekend. Model:Kim Von Coels, Trigger & lighting: Mart Barras, Additional lighting: Tim Gamble, Jannis Sid and me. Background brought up a bit, Its a long photo and Kim managed to stay still for the whole time
The following excerpt regarding Joan of Arc is from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc
Saint Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc; ca. 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a national heroine of France and a Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII. She was captured by the Burgundians, sold to the English, tried by an ecclesiastical court, and burned at the stake when she was nineteen years old. Twenty-four years later, on the initiative of Charles VII, who could not afford being seen as having been brought to power with the aid of a condemned heretic, Pope Callixtus III reviewed the decision of the ecclesiastical court, found her innocent, and declared her a martyr. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is, along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux, one of the patron saints of France.
Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege at Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne.
The stained glass window detail was photographed inside the Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Dover, NJ, USA.
Photograph Copyright 2009 Loci B. Lenar
Life of a flower has different stages and many perspectives We can witness the beauty of nature by looking at these natural floral patterns. This is one of those flowers which is bloomed just for a very limited span sometimes even less than 2 weeks on 13 to 14 thousand feet at Deosai near Gilgit Baltistan, which is worlds second highest plateau after Tibet
This is part of a year long project to form a guide for photographing London. See more of the project here or connect on Facebook
A pastel sky surrounds Big Ben and the Westminster Bridge.
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower holds the largest four-faced chiming clock in the world. The tower was completed in 1858 and has become one of the most prominent symbols of both London and England, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
In July 1993 Kermit Weeks acquired the Sunderland G-BJHS for his "Fantasy of Flight museum in Polk City,Florida and Lough Derg near Shannon was the jumpoff point for the Atlantic Crossing.
House of Shadows late sun hitting old houa creates strong shadows making this old relic look as if it is haunted, shot in North Carolina.
WWH33L was a Daimler Fleetline CRG6LXB / Park Royal H43/32F new as SELNEC 7175 in May 1973. It later passed to Greater Manchester and was a Bolton allocated bus. On disposal it passed to Fareway for use in Liverpool. Four ambitious Merseybus drivers mortgaged their houses and bought ten secondhand buses and started Fareway operating in the north of Liverpool. The company quickly grew to have a fleet of 70, offering a service very different from the public sector ethos of Merseybus, which was privatised in 1991 as an employee buy out. Fareway created a good image and won a large part of the north Liverpool market, so Merseybus bought Fareway and closed it down.
Pictures of some of the aircraft taking part in Red Flag 22-1 at Ellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas Nevada
Sitting in a park in Paris, France
Reading the news and it sure looks bad
They won't give peace a chance
That was just a dream some of us had
Still a lot of lands to see
But I wouldn't want to stay here
It's too old and cold and settled in it's ways here
Oh, but California
California I'm coming home
I'm going to see the folks I dig
I'll even kiss a Sunset pig
California I'm coming home
Editorial da Vogue Italiana de Setembro de 2007.
Para mais informações, www.vistase.net/?p=791
Scans de jesuisjane.blogspot.com/
The Parish Church of Holy Trinity
Radcliffe on Soar is a small village on the banks of the River Soar in the Rushcliffe district of South Nottinghamshire.
Close to the village is Ratcliffe on Soar Power Station which was built in 1968, it is one of only two coal-fired power stations left in the UK, and is scheduled to close in September 2024.
The parish church of Holy Trinity has a 13th century west tower topped by an early 14th century broach spire, the church contains several monuments to the Babington, Finderve and Sacheverell families all dating from between 1480 and 1524.
Operator- Catteralls of Southam
Operating Area- Warwickshire
Make- Vanhool
Model- Astromega TX27
Chassie-
Fleet No- N/A
Reg- UUI 8256
Location Seen- Ruyton-XI-Towns Shropshire
Service- N/A
Info-
Seen- 22/5/23
The Chimney Rock segment of the Crooked Wild and Scenic River is becoming increasingly popular for all kinds of recreation. Thousands of people visit each year to enjoy the incredible fishing, camping, and scenic views.
The area provides for many types of recreation activities including: camping, fishing, hiking, and driving, or bicycling on the Crooked River Backcountry Byway. A paved portion of the 43-mile long Crooked River Back Country Byway winds its way through the river canyon. It’s got it all!
Check out this amazing stretch of river and start your adventure right here:
blm.gov/d8ld
Photo by Bob Wick, BLM
German postcard by Kolibri-Verlag, Nubdeb/Westf., no. 600. Photo: Warner Bros. Clark Gable in Band of Angels (Raoul Walsh, 1957). Collection: Geoffrey Donaldson Institute.
With his natural charm and knowing smile, Clark Gable (1901-1959) was 'The King of Hollywood' during the 1930s. He often portrayed down-to-earth, bravado characters with a carefree attitude, and was seen as the epitome of masculinity. Gable won an Academy Award for Best Actor for It Happened One Night (1934), and was nominated for leading roles in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) and for his best-known role as Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind (1939).
William Clark Gable was born in 1901 in Cadiz, Ohio, to Adeline (Hershelman) and William Henry Gable, an oil-well driller. He was of German, Irish, and Swiss-German descent. When he was seven months old, his mother died, and his father sent him to live with his maternal aunt and uncle in Pennsylvania, where he stayed until he was two. His father then returned to take him back to Cadiz. At 16, he quit high school, went to work in an Akron, Ohio, tire factory, and decided to become an actor after seeing the play The Bird of Paradise. He toured in stock companies, worked oil fields and sold ties. His acting coach Josephine Dillon, 15 years his senior, paid for him to have his teeth repaired and his hair styled. She also trained him to lower his voice and attain better body posture, attributes that that were instrumental in contributing to his later success and eventual iconic status. In 1924, with Dillon's financing, they went to Hollywood, where she became Gable's manager and first wife. He appeared as an extra in silent films between 1924 and 1926. However, he was not offered any major film roles, so he returned to the stage. While Gable acted on stage, he became a lifelong friend of Lionel Barrymore. He moved to New York City, where Dillon sought work for him on Broadway. He received good reviews in Machinal (1928). He gave an impressive appearance as the seething and desperate character Killer Mears in the Los Angeles stage production of The Last Mile. In 1930, Gable and Dillon divorced and a year later, he married Maria Langham (a.k.a. Maria Franklin Gable), also about 17 years older than him. After several failed screen tests, Gable was signed in 1930 by MGM's Irving Thalberg. He made his talking film debut as an archetypal villain named Brett in the Western The Painted Desert (Howard Higgin, 1931), starring William Boyd. Joan Crawford asked for him as co-star in Dance, Fools, Dance (Harry Beaumont, 1931) and the public loved him manhandling Norma Shearer in A Free Soul (Clarence Brown, 1931) the same year. His unshaven lovemaking with bra-less Jean Harlow in Red Dust (Victor Fleming, 1932) made him MGM's most important star. His acting career then flourished. At one point, he refused an assignment, and the studio punished him by loaning him out to (at the time) low-rent Columbia Pictures, which put him in Frank Capra's It Happened One Night (1934) opposite Claudette Colbert. He won an Academy Award for his performance. The next year saw a starring role in Call of the Wild (William A. Wellman, 1935) with Loretta Young, with whom he had an affair (resulting in the birth of a daughter, Judy Lewis). He returned to far more substantial roles at MGM, such as Fletcher Christian in Mutiny on the Bounty (Frank Lloyd, 1935) and Rhett Butler in the Oscar-winning epic Gone with the Wind (Victor Fleming, 1939).
After divorcing Maria Langham, Clark Gable married Carole Lombard in 1939, but tragedy struck in January 1942 when the plane in which Carole and her mother were flying crashed into Table Rock Mountain, Nevada, killing them both. A grief-stricken Gable joined the US Army Air Force and was off the screen for three years, flying combat missions in Europe. When he returned the studio regarded his salary as excessive and did not renew his contract. He freelanced, but his films didn't do well at the box office. He starred in such films as The Hucksters (Jack Conway, 1947) and Homecoming (Mervyn LeRoy, 1948) with Lana Turner. He married Sylvia Ashley, the widow of Douglas Fairbanks, in 1949. Unfortunately this marriage was short-lived and they divorced in 1952. In July 1955 he married a former sweetheart, Kathleen Williams Spreckles (a.k.a. Kay Williams) and became stepfather to her two children, Joan and Adolph ("Bunker") Spreckels III. In 1959, Gable became a grandfather when Judy Lewis, his daughter with Loretta Young, gave birth to a daughter, Maria. In 1960, Gable's wife Kay discovered that she was expecting their first child. In early November 1960, he had just completed filming The Misfits (John Huston, 1961) with Marilyn Monroe, when he suffered a heart attack, and died later that month. Gable was buried shortly afterwards in the shrine that he had built for Carole Lombard and her mother when they died, at Forest Lawn Cemetery. In March 1961, Kay Gable gave birth to a boy, whom she named John Clark Gable after his father.
Sources Ed Stephan (IMDb), Wikipedia and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
Serpent Camel Eye of the Sphinx Tiger is a 2021 American contemporary Oriental film directed by Madame Kunst and shot entirely on iPhone. It was released independently on YouTube. In 2022, "Serpent Etc" was included as part of the Parallel Play film screening at Burnt Oak Gallery in California.
watch Serpent Camel Eye Of The Sphinx Tiger: Un Film Oriental (2021) on YouTube!
Original Artists’ Statement
We wanted to make places that don’t exist, with rich iconographies pointing to nowhere. An indeterminate zone (“The Orient”) through which identity can fracture like refracted light. It’s a made up place where there is no there - yet the impacts of orientalism are felt materially, pooling around people and places of need to Other their struggles. This flattening of identity gives calm to the colonial gaze, as dehumanization creates objects and empathy gets in the way of control. Were they just terrorists asking for it, or just objectified massage workers. The gaze doesn’t ask. We wanted to meet and return this gaze to the spectator. Perform the liminalities of self made and imposed identities. Serpent Camel Eye of the Sphinx Tiger.
2021
"What is the House of Eorl but a thatched barn where brigands drink in the reek, and their brats roll on the floor among the dogs?" - Saruman the Many-Coloured
An attempt to enter two different competitions in one swoop; The 12x12 category of the Summer Joust, and the Open round of the Middle Earth Lego Olympics.
A little echo to my Eowyn build of previous years: flic.kr/p/2oYPf29
As in previous years, I'm taking inspiration from Leia Ham's LOTR: Middle Kingdom series:
images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/584a5cdbff7c5026f7c...
