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In memoriam the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops in August 1968
200,000 refugees after August 1968
The tanks of the Warsaw Pact troops brutally rolled down the "Prague Spring" in August 1968, and the reform efforts of Alexander Dubcek were over. More than 200,000 Czechoslovaks fled to Austria.
On the night of 20 to 21 August 1968, troops of the Warsaw Pact (without the GDR) invade the CSSR and thus abruptly end the "Prague Spring".
A military superiority rolls over the country within a few hours. The population is stunned.
The CPT leadership in Prague orders the army to refrain from active resistance. Nevertheless, civil resistance is reaching enormous proportions: strikes and protests paralyze public life in the country. The pictures of the ORF go, as before the comments of Hugo Portisch, around the world.
For the US an "internal matter"
The US accepts the invasion in the sense of dividing the world into a western and eastern sphere of influence.
Washington also makes it clear to Moscow that it understands events as "a matter for the Czechoslovaks and the other Warsaw Pact states" - that is, as an internal matter.
Brežnev: "Do not stop anybody, counterrevolutionaries should run away."
More than 200,000 fled to Austria
From the suppression of the "Prague Spring" to the final closure of the border by Czechoslovakia in October 1969, Austria is the first country of reception and asylum for tens of thousands of refugees.
By December 1968 alone, there are more than 200,000, including about 50,000 tourists from Yugoslavia, who are prevented from returning to their homeland by blocking Hungarian borders.
The entry of most Czechoslovakian citizens is legal: The Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid Brežnev instructs before the invasion, "not to stop those who flee to the West. [...] if that is a counterrevolutionary, let him run away. "
Austria is only a stopover for many
However, for the vast majority of Czechoslovak refugees Austria is only a stopover.
Many return after some time or emigrate to other western states. Only a few thousand refugees stay longer in Austria.
For 3,000 Austria will be the new home
The first school report of Zuzana Brejcha in Austria is marked "stateless". On March 3, 1969, she and her family are granted asylum in Austria.
Many refugees emigrate via Austria to other Western countries or return to Czechoslovakia. About 2,000 to 3,000 Czechs and Slovaks remain in Austria.
Stern: "More refugees than previously believed"
The Graz historian Silke Stern: "Not only as previously assumed 162,000 refugees came to Austria, but alone by December 1968 nearly 210,000 Czechoslovak citizens."
They were at least temporarily in Austria, were supplied by the Austrian authorities with the participation of volunteers from the population.
"As the 'normalization' in Czechoslovakia began slowly and the figure of identification, Alexander Dubcek, was only deposed in April 1969, many returned to their families in Czechoslovakia after a short stay in Austria," says Silke Stern.
200.000 Flüchtlinge nach dem August 1968
Die Panzer der Warschauer-Pakt-Truppen wälzten im August 1968 brutal den "Prager Frühling" nieder, die Reformbestrebungen von Alexander Dubcek waren beendet. Mehr als 200.000 Tschechoslowaken flüchteten nach Österreich.
In der Nacht vom 20. zum 21. August 1968 marschieren Truppen des Warschauer Paktes (ohne die DDR) in der CSSR ein und beenden damit abrupt den „Prager Frühling“.
Eine militärische Übermacht überrollt das Land binnen weniger Stunden. Die Bevölkerung ist fassungslos.
Die KPTsch-Führung in Prag erteilt der Armee den Befehl, keinen aktiven Widerstand zu leisten. Dennoch erreicht der zivile Widerstand enorme Ausmaße: Streiks und Proteste lähmen das öffentliche Leben im Land. Die Bilder des ORF gehen, wie zuvor die Kommentare von Hugo Portisch, um die Welt.
Für die USA eine "interne Angelegenheit"
Die USA akzeptieren die Invasion im Sinne der Teilung der Welt in eine westliche und östliche Einflusssphäre.
Washington gibt Moskau zudem klar zu verstehen, dass man die Ereignisse als „Angelegenheit der Tschechoslowaken und der anderen Warschauer-Pakt-Staaten“ – also als interne Sache – verstehe.
Brežnev: "Niemanden aufhalten, Konterrevolutioänre sollen weglaufen."
Mehr als 200.000 flüchteten nach Österreich
Von der Niederschlagung des „Prager Frühlings“ bis zur endgültigen Grenzschließung seitens der CSSR im Oktober 1969 ist Österreich Erstaufnahme- und Asylland für zehntausende Flüchtlinge.
Alleine bis Dezember 1968 kommen mehr als 200.000, davon etwa 50.000 Jugoslawien-Touristen, denen durch eine Sperre der ungarischen Grenzen der Weg in die Heimat verwehrt ist.
Die Einreise der meisten CSSR-Bürger erfolgt legal: Der sowjetische KP-Chef Leonid Brežnev erteilt vor der Invasion die Anweisung, „nicht die aufzuhalten, die in den Westen flüchten. […] wenn das ein Konterrevolutionär ist, so soll er doch weglaufen."
Österreich ist für viele nur Zwischenstation
Für den allergrößten Teil der tschechoslowakischen Flüchtlinge stellt Österreich jedoch nur eine Zwischenstation dar.
Viele kehren nach einiger Zeit wieder zurück oder wandern in andere westliche Staaten aus. Nur einige tausend Flüchtlinge bleiben länger in Österreich.
Für 3.000 wird Österreich die neue Heimat
Das erste Schulzeugnis von Zuzana Brejcha in Österreich trägt den Vermerk „Staatenlos“. Bereits am 3. März 1969 erhält sie mit ihrer Familie in Österreich Asyl.
Viele Flüchtlinge emigrieren über Österreich in andere westliche Länder oder kehren in die CSSR zurück. Etwa 2.000 bis 3.000 Tschechen und Slowaken bleiben in Österreich.
Stern: "Mehr Flüchtlinge als bisher geglaubt"
Die Grazer Historikerin Silke Stern: „Nicht wie bisher angenommen kamen nicht nur 162.000 Flüchtlinge nach Österreich, sondern allein bis Dezember 1968 knapp 210.000 tschechoslowakische Staatsbürger."
Sie hielten sich zumindest zeitweise in Österreich auf, wurden von den österreichischen Behörden unter Mitwirkung von Freiwilligen aus der Bevölkerung versorgt.
"Da die 'Normalisierung' in der CSSR erst langsam einsetzte und die Identifikationsfigur, Alexander Dubcek, erst im April 1969 abgesetzt wurde, sind sehr viele nach einem kurzen Aufenthalt in Österreich wieder zu ihren Familien in der Tschechoslowakei zurückgekehrt“, so Silke Stern.
This is the super-detailed graph of the top 100 bands listened to in 2013. This is a "very zoomy" graph!
Basically, the Top 100 bands I listened to in 2013 are graphed at 2 week intervals, and normalized so the shape is approximately rectangular. I then hand-edited the labels to make them easier to read, though most of them are so tiny one would have to zoom in anyway.
www.last.fm/user/ClintJCL, bands, chart, music graph.
music: D.O.A. music: Death Piggy. music: Dr. Dirty. music: Friendship Is Witchcraft. music: Gwar. music: KMFDM. music: Kreator. music: My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult. music: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. music: NOFX. music: Pixies. music: Rob Zombie. music: Sepultura. music: Slayer. music: The Dave Brockie Experience. music: The Misfits. music: They Might Be Giants. music: Voltaire. music: White Zombie. music: X-Cops.
top 100.
December 31, 2013.
... Read my blog at ClintJCL at wordpress.com
... View KMFDM's official website at kmfdm.net/
Last night photographed some chickens bounced flash. I complained about about my Fuji viewfinder being too dark, not being able to see for composing and be able to focus. I do know how to use flash but seldom use it, therefore the camera/flash switches are not burned into my brain. For the hen shoots exposure was not an issue because I used bounce flash. With Fuji, and to lesser degree all cameras, it pays to now how to use flash without TTL. Turns out focus was not an issues as I didn’t realize my camera had focal assist lamp on (a happy D’oh). But composition certainly was an issues. I ended up with way too many headless chickens shots. I have now found the switch for allowing me to see a normalized view hence be able to frame. I also know where the switch is to toggle focus assist light is.
Tomorrow I will do another shoot and hopefully get a better success rate … time will tell.
Slowly coming back to feelings normalization.
Exper - www.hobosedizioni.it
Design: Apophysis - Rendering: Flam3
A mean amalgamation of the music video, "Elastic Heart" by Sia
(Here is my previous mean blend of Sia, Chandelier: flic.kr/p/q2UUz1)
Adriene had this silver necklace made for my birthday. She appreciates my attempts to reclaim this word. When I was in college, I became sick and infuriated when hearing men call other men "pussys" for not being a "real man." But even more untolerable was hearing other women call other men "pussys" for failing at "manhood."
Whenever I heard "pussy" used in such a condescending way, I would always say "excuse me? those are my genitals you are referring to and my Pussy is POWERFUL, not weak. So if you are going to de-masculinize a man, you can de-phallasize him, you can call him an ass asshole, you can call him a dick, a bastard, but never give him the power of your pussy."
After giving that speech once every week I decided something had to be done, women needed to reclaim the word "pussy" and in effect reclaim their own pussies. So I coined the term "pussy power kunt control." Pussy Power stuck while kunt control fell to the wayside. I made buttons with the word "Pussy Power" and I passed it out to women who honored their pussies by referring to it as celebratory word, not a hurtful word.
Adriene has known me for about 10 years now and I think she has heard me give that speech so many times. Finally I have a beautiful necklace for my birthday from one of my best friends! thank you Adriene! you TOO have the power of the Pussy!
We will reclaim an identity that we allowed to be taken away from and reclaim the responsibilities that comes along with it. If YOU have Pussy Power, NEVER let a man or boy and most importantly another woman call another male a pussy in a hurtful or denigrating way. Those are YOUR genitals. PUSSY POWER!
Now on a separate note - Several friends commented on how they were so amazed I could post these photos about Adriene's pussy power necklace gift for me openly on flickr. My birthday was back in April - and those few comments made me pause before posting this on my blog. So here are my thoughts on this matter.
so when my friends told me that I was brave to openly post these- I ask them why exactly should I have been embarrassed or afraid? They would say well you know you get google searched for jobs and grants and people might think that you are a liability or they may judge you before they get to meet you. Academic colleagues have said well your students are going to find it and you're never going to get tenured for posting this or what happens if your professor sees this online? Well duh - I always googled people before I would interview, hire or even meet someone. I would like to remind everyone that I was openly doing internet searches on potential dates and hirings back in the late 1900's and early 2000's before Google even existed ok?
So of COURSE I understand that this public internet posting will be potentially seen by my past, current and future colleagues and/or students. But I don't think I am doing anything wrong or embarrassing when I insist that women not allow the word "pussy" to be used in a derogatory way. I am not using it in a nasty way - so how is that a liability? What I find offensive is when people remain quiet when something offensive is said. And worse off I find it offensive when people judge others for unsubstantiated reasons. To be anymore hush-hush with pussy feeds into larger schemas of patriarchy and misogyny.
I stand behind my attempts to un-dirty the word in a fashionable way. For too long (not in all communities) women's reproductive organs have been considered to be profane and unworthy of equal respect to the phallus. The sexuality associated with vaginas have been seen as a threat and rituals are created to take away the power from their vaginas. The menstrual cycles that women go through are seen as filthy - requiring physical separation of women from the community. I find it problematic that although we have formal gender equality, this is not always reflected in our vernacular. The heavy association of the word "pussy" is too weighted on the side of the "nasty" or as lacking a cock which means lacking power. So powerful and normalized is the cock that we celebrate and laugh at the word. Even when a male is called a "cock" - like "he's such a cock," he's a cock precisely because of his unwarranted use of power. We laugh at jokes about "dicks' - such as Justin Timberlake's Dick in a Box - but the word pussy is so nasty and weak that it can't even be intellectualized or comedized (I made this word up) in popular culture. My point is that the verbal representitive use of genitals reflects underlying real world inequalities and tensions between males and femals.
I simply will not be embarassed by the names of female genitals - And if this prevents me from being hired - then I certainly don't belong at that organization, institution or company. And if students can't take me seriously after reading this, then they need to grow up. Really. and if Professors find this and are horrified then I am sure glad that they aren't working with me.
When we make a claim to an identity, it's not just about claiming rights or something abstract like belonging - but it's about claiming responsibility to that identity. So in claims that I make - like I claim I am Chinese-American or I claim that I am from the U.S. or that I live in Brooklyn or that I a female- then I take a responsibility in those claims to act and to practice what I claim.
And hopefully future colleagues who do come upon this will see that this is a sign of character - that I am not afraid to stand behind someone or something. Now I am not some militant gender freak - so I feel no need to parade my thoughts or beat up people for calling men pussies. Nor do I lack the sense to wear this necklace when I interview someone or when I am being interviewed - or at some funding meeting or my dissertation defense or even at any professional meetings. I don't believe in drawing unnecessary attention to myself and detracting from the larger goals or messages in professional situations because I do understand wearing this necklace entails the burden of explaining the message - which I embrace in moments when I want to teach people about pussy power. BUT I will wear it when I find see fit and fashionable! And if after reading this explanation and you still find my pussy power offensive, horrific or distasteful then it's time to bring in some humor into your life and chillll out! Go turn on Prince and Mozart and watch some South Park.
with some heavy processing work
If someone is interested, this is the production line:
Raw-Development and tonemapping by Oloneo PhotoEngine
Local Normalization, Anisotropic Smoothing and Shock Filters by gimp-plug-in g´mic
Curves and Resizing in gimp and some Octave Sharpening from g´mic in the end.
President Donald J. Trump, joined by White House senior staff members, delivers a statement announcing the agreement of full normalization of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates Thursday, Aug. 13, 2020, in the Oval Office of the White House. (Official White House Photo by Joyce N. Boghosian)
The goal of "SlutWalk" is to bring together people of all genders, ages, professions, religions, ethnicities, sexual orientations, and economic statuses to create a dialogue and bring an end to attitudes that normalize victim blaming and slut shaming and to ultimately put an end to rape culture.
Licensing information: Due to the nature of this event and its goal to protect victims of violence everywhere, all photos are copyrighted and may not be used without explicit permission.
If you would like to use this photo to protect survivors of sexual assault and prevent violence, feel free to send me a request. for more information see www.slutwalkdc.com
Any other use, including embedding, is a violation of the license. Thank you and thanks for promoting the health of people and the communities they bring health to.
I combined 200 images of graffiti and normalized the contrast to produce this imaqe. The images were selected from a larger group of 20,000 images, all tagged "graffiti", and all licensed via creative commons. Each of the 200 images contributes an equal amount to the final result (the R,G,B values of each pixel are added together).
Given any large group of uncorrelated images, you can produce just about any image you like, if you choose a subset carefully, using similar techniques as those used to produce a photo mosaic.
Compared to some of the other images I've used (flowers, faces, squared circles, etc.), graffiti works especially well, because the images have fewer correlations, and explore a larger color space.
Software written in Processing.
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
Health benefits
Potential health benefits of banana consumption. By a high potassium to sodium content, bananas may prevent high blood pressure and its complications. High fiber content may also contribute to this effect. High potassium may also prevent renal calcium loss, in effect preventing bone breakdown. In diarrhea, it contributes with electrolyte replacement, as well as increased absorption of nutrients. Bananas also have some antacid effect, protecting from peptic ulcers. Pectin content, a hydrocolloid, can ease constipation by normalizing movement through the intestine. The low glycemic index in unripe bananas is of particular benefit to people with diabetes. High fructooligosaccharide content may work as a prebiotic, nourishing the intestinal flora to produce beneficial vitamins and enzymes. Carotenoid content has antioxidant effects, and protects against vitamin A deficiency, resulting in e.g. night blindness. Moderate consumption decreases risk of kidney cancer, possibly due to antioxidant phenolic compounds In contrast, large consumption of highly processed fruit juice increases the risk of kidney cancer.
Fruit consumption in general decreases the risk of age-related muscular degeneration
### ........must view as slide show.......##
"The Scroll and Key Society is a secret society, founded in 1842 at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. It is one of the oldest Yale secret societies and reputedly the wealthiest. The society is one of the reputed "Big Three" societies at Yale, along with Skull and Bones and Wolf's Head. Each spring the society admits fifteen rising seniors to participate in its activities and carry on its traditions.
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world.
Chartered by the Connecticut Colony, the Collegiate School was established in 1701 by clergy to educate Congregational ministers before moving to New Haven in 1716. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century, the college expanded into graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first PhD in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale's faculty and student populations grew after 1890 with rapid expansion of the physical campus and scientific research.
Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the university owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, a campus in West Haven, and forests and nature preserves throughout New England. As of 2021, the university's endowment was valued at $42.3 billion, the second largest of any educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States. Students compete in intercollegiate sports as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League.
As of October 2020, 65 Nobel laureates, five Fields Medalists, four Abel Prize laureates, and three Turing Award winners have been affiliated with Yale University. In addition, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U.S. presidents, 10 Founding Fathers, 19 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, 31 living billionaires, 54 College founders and presidents, many heads of state, cabinet members and governors. Hundreds of members of Congress and many U.S. diplomats, 78 MacArthur Fellows, 252 Rhodes Scholars, 123 Marshall Scholars, 102 Guggenheim Fellows and nine Mitchell Scholars have been affiliated with the university. Yale is a member of the Big Three. Yale's current faculty include 67 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 55 members of the National Academy of Medicine, 8 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 187 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The college is, after normalization for institution size, the tenth-largest baccalaureate source of doctoral degree recipients in the United States, and the largest such source within the Ivy League. It also is a top 10 (ranked seventh), after normalization for the number of graduates, baccalaureate source of some of the most notable scientists (Nobel, Fields, Turing prizes, or membership in National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, or National Academy of Engineering).
New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,023 as determined by the 2020 United States Census, New Haven is the 3rd largest city in Connecticut after Bridgeport and Stamford and the principal municipality of Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 864,835.
New Haven was one of the first planned cities in America. A year after its founding by English Puritans in 1638, eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, creating the "Nine Square Plan". The central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre (6 ha) square at the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark, and the "Nine Square Plan" is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark.
New Haven is the home of Yale University, New Haven's biggest taxpayer and employer, and an integral part of the city's economy. Health care, professional and financial services and retail trade also contribute to the city's economic activity.
The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, when sole governance was transferred to the more centrally located city of Hartford. New Haven has since billed itself as the "Cultural Capital of Connecticut" for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees (including some large elms) that gave the city the nickname "The Elm City"." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
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Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
Ok, this history work is a strange hobby. If there’s anything unethical or dumb, please comment below so it can be corrected. In the 1840s, it was a common practice to name areas for the ethnic groups who occupied them. For example, places along a creek might be named “Italian Bar” or “Chinese Bar.” Some of these names persist on maps today. This is a database I cooked up to enter data. The user interface is terrible.
My idea was to create a map that would show travels of a group of people during California’s Gold Rush. I planned to donate the finished product to a university that had done some work with the miners. The end product would be a set of PDF maps, each plotting their travels during a two-week period — unless they were stationary. This data would overlay a present-day USGS data layer with terrain and roads. I had some books with historic text describing where they traveled. I was partly inspired by someone who had done historic maps of communities in Scotland going back to about the 13th century, I think.
The original process started with a passage from text. It would say something like, “Thursday afternoon: went to Schmidt General Store and exchanged [amount] ounces of gold dust for a pick and shovel.” Easy, right? So I figure you just establish a latitude and longitude for Schmidt General Store and type that, a date, and the place name label into ArcMap. Typing data into a spreadsheet-like table: I can handle that.
Pretty quickly I figure out it’s not so easy to find the location of a store in 1850. Maybe the store was initially a tent and then it moved when they built a permanent structure. I’m digging around in old USGS maps.
I had to start referring to 19th-century newspapers to figure out things like variant names. Say, for example, the general store was located in Placerville, California. During one visit they call it, “Schmidt General Store.” They also misspell location names, for example, “Smit’s Store.” Other texts, or other entries in the same text, they call it “Placerville,” “P-ville,” or “Hangtown.” So now I need a “simple” database with two tables, one table showing all variant names which describe the same coordinates. I need a homemade gazetteer. I wind up looking at all of this stuff about gazetteers on the UC Santa Barbara web site.
Now, I read a passage “Proceeded west along Dingweed Creek until we reached Negro Bar.” The first time this name occurs, I wind up digging through all sorts of data trying to determine the exact latitude and longitude of Negro Bar. Of course, I discover there are two dozen Negro Bars. Thankfully, they’ve told me it’s somewhere along Dingweed Creek. A month later they return and camp overnight at Negro Bar. All I need to do is enter the date and click the radio button for that location. I’ve realized it will be years before this is finished.
Speaking of bars, apologies if reading this triggers an impulse to visit your local bar.
Some of the above place names are examples for illustration purposes and not from any historic text.
There are several screens. For example, I don’t need to see latitude and longitude on this screen. I just need to get the correct place name from the list. It’s a mess but I can find my way around because I wrote the mess.
“…We’re here on Earth to fart around.”
— Kurt Vonnegut
So, they're really tiny, but a little bigger than squinkies, and not squishy-squishy-squashy like squinkies. I will probably buy more but I will certainly wait until the prices normalize, I paid what will likely prove to be egregiously inflated, because I needed to satisfy my curiosity.
Walking day: from Shepherds Bush to Ravenscourt Park ro Acton to Gunnersbury Park to Kew and then home from Richmond station.
I found an interesting web article (undated) giving some background to this mural: "The pan-London MyMural project launches in Acton this week with a beautiful painting by artist Leonard Lesic.
The London Mayors Office is supporting the project, its methodology and aspirations. Adam Cooper from the Culture and Creative Industries Unit, Greater London Authority stated: “MyMural is a great initiative that is bringing a fantastic new piece of art to Acton. The mural at Berrymede School will hopefully inspire a next generation of young artist."
MyMural inspires, enables and normalizes the possibilities for new artworks among everyday settings. Thanks to support from Cockayne – Grants for the Arts (London Community Foundation), GLA Mayors Office and a Charity Auction donation from Stik, we are very pleased to announce that MyMural is launching in Acton. This pilot contributes to an important sea change in the way artists work with residents in the city.
Marcus Willcocks and Prof. Lorraine Gamman, partners from University of the Arts London explained: “MyMural is a new scheme that pairs street artists with communities who want to integrate more art, creativity and colour into their neighourhoods. Leonard Lesic’s work creatively responds to topics discussed as important among the community at Berrymede Infant School. As well as providing the ‘canvas’, the school community helped curate the opportunity and agree the artist, in collaboration with Rachel Pepper and team at Artification, Mark Clack at Wood Street Walls, and the DAC/MyMural team at Central Saint Martins. We are so grateful to support from the GLA, the London Community Foundation and artist, Stik, for their confidence in MyMural. Through collective effort the project working to bring artists and neighbourhood communities together more easily, to curate our streets less as ‘developed’ places and more as living, breathing,
creative places.”
MyMural brings together internationally experienced collaborators from arts facilitation, practice-led academic research and engagements, together with regional and local authorities and a world-renowned street art practitioner to bring new opportunities for high-quality artworks to happen in new contexts in London.
The Mayor of London has highlighted culture as one of his key priorities. He is committed to ensuring that London retains its status as the world’s leading capital city for culture and creativity and ensuring more Londoners access arts and culture. A key feature of London’s Cultural Infrastructure Plan is to give outstanding artists opportunities to make exciting new work, encourage Londoners to get more involved in creative activities, as well as cultivate London’s creative value by opening access to the use of spaces as open galleries.
MyMural began by meeting and speaking with residents about the kind of imagery and art they would like to see in their neighbourhood. The resulting Artist Opportunity was based on these aspirations. It was shared and artists responded to the brief. We received numerous artist submissions which residents viewed and voted for. The MyMural team invited the shortlisted artists to develop their site specific design. Artist Leonard Lesic was selected.
Leonard painted a beautiful piece on the wall of a nearby, now demolished, block in 2013. We are very pleased that he returns to South Acton to create this new public art for Acton in 2019.
"ARTification has been bringing art to the streets since 2005. A bridge between artists and residents, we have created 20+ pieces of street art in the public realm including the tallest in the UK by Stik and Thierry Noir. We are very pleased that MyMural is creating the latest piece to take art to the streets." Dr Rachel Pepper (ARTification Director)
Feedback from Berrymede Infants School about the painting:
“This MyMural community project is a great way of bringing art and pleasure to everyone in the Acton area” Mrs Ohene (Head teacher)
"Having a wall that is colourful which will attract the children's eye at playtime and give them many opportunities to have discussions about the things on the painting is an excellent way to engage children.” Fahmida (Parent Governor)
“The mural captures the idea that working hard at school will give you the freedom to go anywhere you want.” Mrs Shawe (Parent support adviser).
Leonard Lesic, the Artist commented:
"I am very excited to be painting in Acton again after six years. The first time on Charles Hocking House was a great time, and I have a lot of nice memories. The idea of painting at Berrymede school is wonderful, and the mural will have positive message looking into future.''
Leonard responded imaginatively to the brief, and we are very pleased to see a new and inspirational mural in Acton.
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MyMural is an initiative between Stik, Central Saint Martins, Artification, Wood Street Walls and the Greater London Authority. It is a new pilot scheme working with artists and residents, to enable fantastic artworks on shared residential and community buildings across London.
ARTification is an Acton-based charity that celebrates art, culture, community."
Source: www.artification.org.uk/blog/aspirational-mural-acton
The Traction was available in "Commerciale" version as from 1938, and exclusively in black, as such the beginning of a normalization of colours that would ever more "blacken" the range. The rear opens in two parts, in fact a "break" before its time.
1.911 cc
4 in-line
56 HP @ 3.800 rpm
Vmax : 115 km/h
Exposition : Citroën 100 Years
27/06/2019 - 03/09/2019
Autoworld
Brussels - Belgium
August 2019
A statue of celebrated New York photographer Diane Arbus by English sculptor Gillian Wearing was on display in Doris C. Freedman Plaza in Central Park from October 20, 2021 to August 14, 2022. The life-size sculpture, standing shoes-to-the-ground without a base at 5’6” tall, depicts Arbus with "depicts Arbus with her finger on the shutter button of her iconic twin lens camera, as she might have been seen in the 1950s and '60s.”
Diane Arbus (1923-1971) photographed a wide range of subjects including strippers, carnival performers, nudists, people with dwarfism, children, mothers, couples, elderly people, and middle-class families, often in familiar settings, helping to normalize marginalized groups and highlighting the importance of proper representation.
1. SI: People have learned to normalize the bad state of streets and communal spaces, leading to a scarcity of caring to fix them.
2. Materials: Adobe lightroom; Digital camera; Door with a sticker on it (59)
3. Idea: I wanted to capture this sticker that's falling off and in need of replacement. (79)
4. Process: I zoomed in and filled in the frame to capture the sticker (58)
When I was here back in 2010, there were mostly old classic cars. In 2015, model cars are noticeably more common on the streets. Now that Cuba has normalized relationships with the U.S, I'm sure 2020 will be significantly different.
A short history of Wenceslas Square
In 1348, Bohemian King Charles IV founded the New Town of Prague. The plan included several open areas for markets, of which the second largest was the Koňský trh, or Horse Market (the largest was the Charles Square[2]). At the southeastern end of the market was the Horse Gate, one of the gates in the walls of the New Town. During the Czech national revival movement in the 19th century, a more noble name for the street was requested. At this time the statue was built, and the square was renamed.
On 28 October 1918, Alois Jirásek read the proclamation of independence of Czechoslovakia in front of the Saint Wenceslas statue.The Nazis used the street for mass demonstrations. During the Prague Uprising in 1945, a few buildings near the National Museum were destroyed. They were later replaced by department stores.
On 16 January 1969, student Jan Palach set himself on fire in Wenceslas Square to protest the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union in 1968.
On 28 March 1969, the Czechoslovakian national ice hockey team defeated the USSR team for the second time in that year's Ice Hockey World Championships. As the country was still under Soviet occupation, the victory induced great celebrations. Perhaps 150,000 people gathered on Wenceslas Square, and skirmishes with police developed. A group of agents provocateurs provoked an attack on the Prague office of the Soviet airline Aeroflot, located on the street. The vandalism served as a pretext for reprisals and the period of so-called normalization. In 1989, during the Velvet Revolution, large demonstrations (with hundreds of thousands of people or more) were held here.
Wenceslas Square is lined by hotels, offices, retail stores, currency exchange booths and fast-food joints. To the dismay of locals and city officials, the street is also a popular location for prostitutes to ply their trade late at night. Many strip clubs exist on and around Wenceslas Square, making Prague a popular location for stag parties.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslas_Square
Prague, capital of the Czech Republic, is bisected by the Vltava River. Nicknamed “the City of a Hundred Spires,” it's known for its Old Town Square, the heart of its historic core, with colorful baroque buildings, Gothic churches and the medieval Astronomical Clock, with a popular show. Completed in 1402, pedestrian Charles Bridge is lined with 30 statues of saints.
officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under 118,000 km2 (45,560 sq mi) with an estimated population of 5 million. The capital is Asmara.
History
Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraía (Greek alphabet Ερυθραία), and its derived Latin form Erythræa. In the past, Eritrea had given its name to the Red Sea, then called the Erythræan Sea. The Italians created the colony of Eritrea in the 19th century around Asmara, and named it with its current name. After World War II Eritrea was annexed to Ethiopia.In 1991 the People's Liberation Front defeated the Ethiopian government. Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24, 1992.
Prehistory
One of the oldest hominids, representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens, was found in Buya (Eritrean Danakil) in 1995 by Italian scientists. The cranium was found to be over 1 million years old. Furthermore, in 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team discovered some of the earliest evidence of human tool-use in the harvesting of marine resources. The site contained obsidian tools dated to the paleolithic era, over 125,000 years old.
Epipaleolithic or mesolithic cave paintings in central and northern Eritrea attest to early hunter-gatherers in this region. An American paleontologist, William Sanders of the University of Michigan, also discovered a possible missing link between ancient and modern elephants in the form of the fossilized remains of a pig-sized creature in Eritrea. The fossil, which is 27 million years old, pushes the origins of elephants and mastodons five million years further into the past and indicates that modern elephants originated in Africa.
Antiquity
The oldest written reference to the territory now known as Eritrea is the chronicled expedition launched to the fabled Punt (or Ta Netjeru, meaning land of the Gods) by the Ancient Egyptians in the twenty-fifth century BC under Pharaoh Sahure. Later sources from the Pharaoh Hatshepsut in the fifteenth century BC present a more detailed portrayal of an expedition in search of frankincense. The geographical location of the missions to Punt is described as roughly corresponding to the southern west coast of the Red Sea. The name Eritrea is a rendition of the ancient Greek name Ἐρυθραία, Erythraía, meaning the "Red Land". The earliest evidence of agriculture, urban settlement and trade in Eritrea was found in the western region of the country consisting of archaeological remains dating back to 3500 BC in sites called the Gash group. Based on the archaeological evidence, there seems to have been a connection between the peoples of the Gash group and the civilizations of the Nile Valley namely Ancient Egypt and Nubia.
In the highlands, especially in Asmara's suburbs, scores of ancient sites have been documented, including Sembel, Mai Chiot, Ona Gudo, Mai Temenai, Weki Duba and Mai Hutsa. Mostly dating to the early and mid-1st millennium BCE (800 to 350 BCE), these communities consisted of small towns, villages, and hamlets built of stone. The proximity of these ancient communities to gold mines suggest that part of their prosperity was linked to the mining and processing of gold. Around the mid-1st millennium, several sites with Sabaean remains (inscriptions, artifacts, and monuments) seem to emerge in the central highlands, for example, at Keskese. Between the eighth and fifth century BCE, a kingdom known as D'mt was supposedly established in what is today Eritrea and the Tigray province of northern Ethiopia.
After D'mt's decline around the fifth century BC, the state of Aksum arose in much of Eritrea and the northern Ethiopian Highlands. It grew during the fourth century BC and came into prominence during the first century AD, minting its own coins by the third century, and converting in the fourth century to Christianity, thereby becoming the second official Christian state (after Armenia), and the first country to feature the cross on its coins. According to Mani, it grew to be one of the four greatest civilizations in the world, on a par with China, Persia, and Rome. In the seventh century, with the advent of Islam across the Red Sea in Arabia and the Arab invasion and subsequent destruction of Adulis, Aksum's main port city, Aksum's trade and power on the Red Sea began to decline and the empire gradually diminished and was overtaken by smaller rival kingdoms.
Medieval period
During the medieval period, contemporary with and following the gradual disintegration of the Aksumite state between the 9th and 10th centuries, several states as well as tribal and clan lands emerged in the area known today as Eritrea. Between the eighth and thirteenth century, northern and northwestern Eritrea had largely come under the domination of the Beja, a Cushitic people from northeastern Sudan. The Beja brought Islam to large parts of Eritrea and connected the region to the greater Islamic world. Nonetheless, Christians of the Axumite era continued to inhabit these areas and retain their religion.
In the main highland area and adjacent coastline of what were previously Muslim (Beja) ruled areas, a Christian Kingdom called Midir Bahr or Midri Bahri (Tigrinya for land of the sea) arose, ruled by the Bahr Negus or Bahr Negash, ("ruler of the sea") emerged in the 15th century. The southeastern parts of Eritrea, inhabited by the independent Afar since ancient times, came to form part of the Islamic Adal Sultanate. Parts of the southwestern lowlands of Eritrea were under the dominion of the then Christian/Animist Funj Sultanate of Sinnar.
An invading force of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, under Suleiman I, conquered Massawa in 1557 from the Christians, building what is now considered the "old town" of Massawa on Batsi island. They also conquered the towns of Hergigo and Debarwa, the capital city of Yeshaq, the contemporary Christian Bahr Negus, before being driven back to the coast by 1578. The Ottomans remained in control of the important ports of Massawa and Hergigo and their environs, and maintained their dominion over the coastal areas for nearly 300 years, absorbing the coastal areas of the disintegrated Adal Sultanate as vassals in the 16th century. The Funj Sultanate of Sinnar converted to Islam in the 16th century but maintained independent control of the southwestern areas of Eritrea until being absorbed into the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century.
With the feudal rule of the Bahr Negus in the predominantly Christian highland interior severely weakened from the 17th century up until modern times, the area was dubbed Mereb Mellash by locals and neighboring Ethiopians alike, meaning "beyond the Mereb" (in Tigrinya). This name defined the territory as being north of the Mareb River which to this day is a natural boundary between the modern states of Eritrea and Ethiopia.[18] Roughly the same area also came to be referred to as Hamasien, a name that survived until modern times, designating a much smaller area (province) immediately surrounding the capital Asmara, until being absorbed into the new administrative divisions in 1994. In these areas, feudal authority was particularly weak or nonexistent, and the autonomy of the landowning peasantry was particularly strong; a kind of republican rule was prevalent, governed by local customary laws legislated by elected elder's councils (shimagile). In 1770, the Scottish researcher James Bruce describes Hamasien and Abyssinia as "different countries who are often fighting" (SUKE, p. 25).
Colonialism
Italian colonisation arguably began with the purchase of the locality of Assab by a Roman Catholic priest by the name of Giuseppe Sapeto acting on behalf of a Genovese shipping company called "Rubattino" who bought the land from the Afar Sultan of Obock (a vassal of the Ottomans) in 1869. This happened in the same year as the opening of the Suez Canal.
With the approval of the Italian parliament and King Umberto I of Italy (later succeeded by his son Victor Emmanuel III), the government of Italy in 1879 bought the Rubattino company's holdings and from 1882 expanded its possessions northward along the Red Sea coast toward and beyond Massawa, encroaching on and quickly expelling previous 'Egyptian' possessions but meeting stiffer resistance in the Eritrean highlands from the invading army of the Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia.
Italy declared Eritrea a territory of Italy as of New Years Day 1890. The Kingdom of Italy ruled Eritrea from 1890 to 1941. Approximately 100,000 Italian colonists settled during the 1930s in the Colonia Primigenia (as Eritrea was called by the Italians, meaning they considered Eritrea their first and most important colony). Some of the greatest feats accomplished by the Italian colonialists in Eritrea was the building of Eritrea's modern capital; Asmara, and the Eritrean railway.
Between 1936 and 1941, the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini briefly created the Italian Empire, with the short-lived union of Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. Eritrea enjoyed considerable industrialization and development of modern infrastructure during Italian rule (such as roads and the Eritrean Railway). The Italians remained the colonial power in Eritrea throughout the lifetime of Fascism and the beginnings of World War II, until they were defeated by Allied forces in 1941, and Eritrea came under British administration.
In the Peace Treaty of February 1947, Italy surrendered all her colonies, including Eritrea. While under British trusteeship, the United Nations decided to federate Eritrea with Ethiopia in 1950 after a lengthy inquiry regarding the status of Eritrea.
Eritrean War of Independence
The sandals worn by the fighters of independence have become iconic. A monument in central Asmara of such sandals was erected in memoriam. Barely 10 years into the federation with Ethiopia, in 1961, the 30-year Eritrean Struggle for Independence began, following the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I's dissolution of the federation and shutting down of Eritrea's parliament.
The Emperor declared Eritrea the fourteenth province of Ethiopia in 1962.[22] Eritreans formed the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) and rebelled.
The ELF was initially a conservative grass-roots movement dominated by Muslim lowlanders. The ELF received backing from Nasser's Egypt as part of a policy of expanding Arab Nationalist political influence in the region (some Eritreans were Arabic-speakers - one of the rather loose conditions for being part of the 'Arab Nation'). Ethiopia's imperial government received support from the United States which had established a radio listening base, called the Kagnew Station, in Eritrea's Ethiopian-occupied capital, Asmara. Internal divisions within the ELF based on religion, ideology, ethnicity, clan and, sometimes, personalities, led to the weakening and factioning of the ELF from which sprang the Eritrean People's Liberation Front.
The EPLF professed Marxism and egalitarian values devoid of gender, religion, or ethnic bias. Its leadership was educated in China. It came to be supported by a growing Eritrean diaspora. Bitter fighting broke out between the ELF and EPLF during the late 1970s and 1980s for dominance over Eritrea. The ELF continued to dominate the Eritrean landscape well into the 1970s when the struggle for independence neared victory due to Ethiopia's internal turmoil caused by a socialist revolution against the monarchy there.
The ELF's gains suffered when Ethiopia's ailing US-backed Emperor was deposed and replaced by the Derg, a Marxist military junta with backing from the Soviet Union and other communist countries, who continued the Ethiopian policy of repressing Eritrean "separatists" with increased military assistance and fervor. Nevertheless, the Eritrean resistance, which saw itself forced to retreat from most of the Eritrean countryside it had previously occupied, became instead entrenched in the northern parts of the country around the Sudanese border from where the most important supply lines came. The heavily bombarded and embattled northern town of Nakfa came to symbolize the Eritrean struggle. (The Eritrean currency is named after it.)
The numbers of the EPLF swelled in the 1980s. The EPLF relied largely on armaments captured from the Ethiopian army itself as well as financial and political support from the Eritrean diaspora and the cooperation of neighboring states hostile to Ethiopia's government Somalia and Sudan (although the support of the latter turned into hostility in agreement with Ethiopia during the Gaafar Nimeiry administration between 1971 and 1985) as well as Ethiopian resistance and separatist movements. Drought, famine, and intensive offensives launched by the Ethiopian army on Eritrea took a heavy toll on the population — more than half a million fled to Sudan as refugees. In 1985, Eritrean elite commandos infiltrated the Ethiopian- and Soviet-held air force base in Asmara and destroyed all 30 fighter jets there, suffering only one casualty. In 1988, a massive Ethiopian military offensive against Eritrean rebels backfired with a third of the Ethiopian army annihilated in the northern Eritrean town of Afabet.
Following the decline of the Soviet Union in 1989 and diminishing support for the Ethiopian war, Eritrean rebels advanced further, capturing the port of Massawa and putting the Ethiopian and Soviet naval capabilities there out of action. By 1990 and early 1991 virtually all Eritrean territory had been liberated by the EPLF except for the capital, whose only connection with the rest of government-held Ethiopia during the last year of the war was by an air-bridge. In 1991, the Ethiopian army finally capitulated and its leader Mengistu Hailemariam fled to Zimbabwe where he resides to this day. Eritrean rebels entered the capital Asmara and began to govern Eritrea on May 24, 1991. The new Ethiopian government, consisting of a coalition of Ethiopian resistance and separatist movements allied with Eritrea's rebels, conceded Eritrea's demand to have an internationally (UN) supervised referendum dubbed UNOVER to be held in Eritrea. This took place in April 1993 with an overwhelming vote by Eritreans for independence. Independence was declared on May 24, 1993.
Independence
Upon Eritrea's declaration of independence, the leader of the EPLF, Isaias Afewerki, became Eritrea's first Provisional President, and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (later renamed the People's Front for Democracy and Justice, or PFDJ) created a government.
Faced with limited economic resources and a country shattered by decades of war, the government embarked on a reconstruction and defense effort, later called the Warsai Yikalo Program, based on the labour of national servicemen and women. It is still continuing and deploys the conscripted, which is drawn from anyone male or female who has graduated high school, into a combination of duties ranging from military service to construction projects, health care, teaching and training/education as well as agricultural work to improve the country's food security.
The government also attempts to tap into the resources of the Eritreans living abroad by levying a 2% tax on the gross income of those who wish to gain full economic rights and access as citizens in Eritrea (land ownership, business licenses and other privileges for nationals etc), while at the same time encouraging tourism and investment both from Eritreans living abroad and other foreign investors. This has been complicated by Eritrea's tumultuous relations with its neighbours, lack of stability and subsequent political problems.
Eritrea severed diplomatic relations with Sudan in 1994, citing that the latter was hosting Islamic terrorist groups to destabilize Eritrea, and both countries entered into an acrimonious relationship, each accusing the other of hosting various opposition rebel groups or "terrorists" and soliciting outside support to destabilize the other. Diplomatic relations were resumed in 2005 following a reconciliation agreement reached with the help of Qatar's negotiation in 1999.[29][30] Eritrea now plays a prominent role in the internal Sudanese peace and reconciliation effort.
Perhaps the conflict with the deepest impact on independent Eritrea has been the renewed hostility with Ethiopia. In 1998, a border war with Ethiopia over the town of Badme occurred. The Eritrean-Ethiopian War ended in 2000 with a negotiated agreement known as the Algiers Agreement, which assigned an independent, UN-associated boundary commission known as the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC), whose task was to clearly identify the border between the two countries and issue a final and binding ruling. Along with the agreement the UN established a temporary security zone consisting of a 25-kilometre demilitarized buffer zone within Eritrea, running along the length of the disputed border between the two states and patrolled by UN troops in the mission named UNMEE. Ethiopia was to withdraw to positions held before the outbreak of hostilities in May 1998. The peace agreement would be completed with the implementation of the Border Commission's ruling, also ending the task of the peacekeeping mission of UNMEE. The EEBC's verdict came in April 2002, which awarded Badme to Eritrea. However, Ethiopia refused to withdraw its military from positions in the disputed areas, including Badme, and also refused to implement the EEBC's ruling, and the dispute is ongoing.
Eritrea's diplomatic relations with Djibouti were briefly severed during the border war with Ethiopia in 1998 due to a dispute over Djibouti's intimate relation with Ethiopia during the war but were restored and normalized in 2000. Relations are again tense due to a renewed border dispute. Similarly, Eritrea and Yemen had a border conflict between 1996 to 1998 over the Hanish Islands and the maritime border, which was resolved in 2000 by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague.
Geography
Eritrea is located in Northeast Africa, more specifically in the Horn of Africa, and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea. The country is virtually bisected by one of the world's longest mountain ranges, formed by the processes that formed the Great Rift Valley, with fertile lands to the west, descending to desert in the east. Eritrea, at the southern end of the Red Sea, is the home of the fork in the rift. The Dahlak Archipelago and its fishing grounds are situated off the sandy and arid coastline. The land to the south, in the highlands, is slightly drier and cooler.
The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate, and the two parts of the African Plate (the Nubian and the Somali plate) splitting along the East African Rift Zone (USGS). The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.
The main cities of the country are the capital city of Asmara and the port town of Asseb in the southeast, as well as the towns of Massawa to the east, and Keren to the north.
Other Info
Oficial Name:
tir: ሃግሬ ኤርትራ (Hagəre Ertra)
ara: دولة إرتريا (Dawlâtu Iritriyā)
Hagere Ertra
Independence:
May 24, 1991
-de jure May 24, 1993
Area:
121.320 km2
Inhabitants:
4.906.585
Language:
Afar [aar] 160,000 in Eritrea (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Southern Eritrea. May also be in Somalia. Alternate names: Afaraf, "Danakil", "Denkel". Dialects: Central Afar, Northern Afar, Aussa, Ba'adu. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar
More information.
Arabic, Hijazi Spoken [acw] Red Sea coast. Alternate names: Hijazi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Arabic, Standard [arb] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
More information.
Bedawi [bej] 150,000 in Eritrea (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes 20,000 Hadendoa (1970 Bendor). Alternate names: Bedàwie, Beja, Bedawiye, Bedawye, Bedauye, Bedwi, Bedya, Bedja, Lobat. Dialects: Hadareb (Hadaareb), Bisharin (Bisarin, Bisariab), Hadendoa (Hadendowa), Beni-Amir, Ababda, Amara. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, North
More information.
Bilen [byn] 70,000 (1995). Central Eritrea, in and around the town of Keren. Alternate names: Bogo, Bogos, Bilayn, Bilin, Balen, Beleni, Belen, Bilein, Bileno, North Agaw. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central, Northern
More information.
English [eng] Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
More information.
Italian [ita] A few monolinguals. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian
More information.
Kunama [kun] 107,000 in Eritrea (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes 1,000 in Ilit, 600 in Odasa. Population total all countries: 108,883. Western Eritrea, on the Gash and Setit rivers, Sudan border and into Tigray Province. Barka is south of Barentu; Marda is north, northeast, and east of Barentu and in Barentu; Aimara is west of Barentu; Laki-Tukura is south of Aimara, west of Barka; Tika is south of Laki-Tukura, west of Barka. None in Sudan. Also spoken in Ethiopia. Alternate names: Baza, Baaza, Bazen, Baazen, Baazayn, Baden, Baaden, Bada, Baada, Cunama, Diila. Dialects: Barka (Berka), Marda, Aimara (Aaimasa, Aymasa, Odasa), Tika (Tiika, Lakatakura-Tika), Ilit (Iliit, Iiliit, Iilit), Bitama (Bitaama), Sokodasa (Sogodas, Sogadas), Takazze-Setiit (Setiit, Setit), Tigray. Bitama and Ilit are nearly unintelligible to speakers of other Kunama. Barka is the largest dialect and intelligible to speakers of all others. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Kunama
More information.
Nara [nrb] 80,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). In and north of Barentu, western Eritrea, adjoining Kunama territory which is to the south. Alternate names: Nera, "Barea", "Barya", "Baria", Higir, Koyta, Mogareb, Santora. Dialects: Considerable dialect variation within the four main groups: Higir, Mogareb, Koyta, Santora. Little intelligibility of Kunama. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Eastern, Nara
More information.
Saho [ssy] 180,000 in Eritrea (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 202,759. Southern Eritrea. Also spoken in Ethiopia. Alternate names: Sao, Shaho, Shoho, Shiho. Dialects: Very close to Afar. The Irob dialect is only in Ethiopia. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Saho-Afar
More information.
Tigré [tig] 800,000 in Eritrea (1997 census). Also spoken in Sudan. Alternate names: Khasa, Xasa. Dialects: Mansa' (Mensa). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North
More information.
Tigrigna [tir] 1,200,000 in Eritrea (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). South and central Eritrea. Alternate names: Tigrinya, Tigray. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North
More information.
Extinct languages
Geez [gez] Extinct. Alternate names: Ancient Ethiopic, Ethiopic, Ge'ez, Giiz. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, Ethiopian, North
Capital city:
Asmara
Meaning country name:
Named by Italian colonizers, from the Latin name for the Red Sea "Mare Erythraeum" ("Erythraean Sea") which in turn derived from the ancient Greek name for the Red Sea: "Erythrea Thalassa".
Description Flag:
The current flag of Eritrea was adopted on December 5, 1995, and uses the basic layout of the flag of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, with the wreath with upright olive branch symbol derived from the 1952 flag.
The flag is dominated by a red triangle extending from the hoist to the fly with complementary green and blue triangles above and below. Green stands for the fertility of the country respectively for agriculture; blue stands for the ocean and red for the blood lost in the fight for freedom. In the red triangle a yellow wreath symbol with 14 leaves on each side derived from the 1952 flag replaces the yellow star of the EPLF flag. The use of triangles is also important, because reading the flag from left to right it is important to note that the red shrinks which represents that in the end Eritrea will see peace and blood will no longer be spilled for the nation.
Coat of arms:
The Coat of Arms of Eritrea was adopted May 24, 1993, on the date of declaration of independence. It shows a dromedary in natural colors surrounded by an olive wreath. On the bottom is a band with the name of the nation in the official languages - English in the middle, Tigrinya on the left and Arabic on the right.
National Anthem: Ertra, Ertra, Ertra ,
Tigrinya: ኤርትራ ኤርትራ ኤርትራ
Tigrinya
ኤርትራ ኤርትራ ኤርትራ፡
በዓል ደማ እናልቀሰ ተደምሲሱ፡
መስዋእታ ብሓርነት ተደቢሱ።
መዋእል ነኺሳ ኣብ ዕላማ፡
ትእምርቲ ጽንዓት ኰይኑ ስማ፡
ኤርትራ'ዛ ሓበን ውጹዓት፡
ኣመስኪራ ሓቂ ከምትዕወት፡
ኤርትራ ኤርትራ (ክልተ ግዜ)
ኣብ ዓለም ጨቢጣቶ ግቡእ ክብራ።
ናጽነት ዘምጽኦ ልዑል ኒሕ፡
ንህንጻ ንልምዓት ክንሰርሕ፡
ስልጣኔ ከነልብሳ ግርማ
ሕድሪ'ሎና ግምጃ ክንስልማ፡
ኤርትራ ኤርትራ (ክልተ ግዜ)
ኣብ ዓለም ጨቢጣቶ ግቡእ ክብራ።
Tigrinya with Romanization
Ertra, Ertra, Ertra,
Beal dema'nalkese tedemsisu,
Meswaéta bharnet tdebisu.
Mewaél nekhisa'b élame,
TémErti tsnt koynu sma,
Ertra za haben wtsuAt,
Ameskira haki kem téwet.
Ertra, Ertra,
Abalem chebitato gbué kbra.
Natsänet zemtsä’ lä‘ul nihh,
N'hntsa n'lm‘at k'serihh,
S'lthane k'nelbsa grma,
Hihdri-lena gmja k'nslma.
Ertra, Ertra,
Abalem chebitato gbué kbra.
English translation
Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea,
Her enemy decimated,
and her sacrifices vindicated by liberation.
Steadfast in her goal,
symbolizing endurance,
Eritrea, the pride of her oppressed people,
proved that the truth prevails.
Eritrea, Eritrea,
holds her rightful place in the world.
Dedication that led to liberation,
Will buildup and make her green,
We shall honour her with progress,
We have a word to her to embellish.
Eritrea, Eritrea,
holds her rightful place in the world.
Internet Page: www.eritreaeritrea.com
eritrea in diferent languages
eng | afr | arg | ast | bre | cat | ces | cor | cym | dan | est | eus | fao | fin | glg | glv | hun | ibo | ina | ita | jav | jnf | lim | lld | mlg | mlt | nld | nor | roh | rup | slk | sme | spa | sqi | srd | swa | swe | tgl | vor: Eritrea
dsb | hrv | hsb | lav | slv: Eritreja
crh | kaa | uzb: Eritreya / Эритрея
deu | ltz | nds: Eritrea / Eritrea; Erythräa / Erythräa
hat | tur | zza: Eritre
hau | kin | run: Eritreya
ind | msa: Eritrea / اريتريا
pol | szl: Erytrea
aze: Eritreya / Еритреја
bam: Eritire
bos: Eritreja / Еритреја
epo: Eritreo
fra: Érythrée
frp: Èritrê
fur: Eritree
gla: Ertra
gle: An Eiritré / An Eiritré
haw: ʻElikilea
isl: Erítrea
kmr: Êrîtrê / Еритре / ئێریترێ
kur: Erître / ئەریترە
lat: Erythraea
lin: Elitré
lit: Eritrėja
mol: Eritreea / Еритрея
nrm: Éritraée
oci: Eritrèa
por: Eritreia / Eritréia
que: Iritrya
rmy: Eritreya / एरित्रेया
ron: Eritreea
scn: Eritrìa
slo: Eritrea / Еритреа
smg: Eritrėjė
smo: Eriteria
som: Ereteeriya; Eriteeriya; Eretareeya
tet: Eritreia
tuk: Eritreýa / Эритрея
vie: Ê-ri-tơ-rê-a
vol: Lerüträn
wln: Eritrêye
wol: Eritere
abq | alt | che | chm | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Эритрея (Ėritreja)
bak: Эритрея / Eritreya
bel: Эрытрэя / Erytreja
bul: Еритрея (Eritreja)
chv: Эритрейӑ (Ėritrejă)
kaz: Эритрея / Erïtreya / ەريترەيا
kbd: Эритрея (Ăritreja)
mkd: Еритреа (Eritrea)
mon: Эритрей (Äritrej)
oss: Эритрей (Ėritrej)
srp: Еритреја / Eritreja
tat: Эритрея / Eritreä
tgk: Эритрея / اریتریه / Eritreja
ukr: Еритрея (Erytreja)
ara: إريتريا (Irītriyā); أريتريا (Arītriyā); إرتريا (Iritriyā); أرتريا (Aritriyā); إرتيريا (Irtīriyā); أرتيريا (Artīriyā)
fas: اریتره (Erītre)
prs: اریتریا (Erītriyā)
pus: اريتريا (Irītriyā); اېريتريا (Erītriyā)
uig: ئېرىترېيە / Éritréye / Эритрея
urd: اریٹریا (Irīṫriyā); ارٹریا (Iriṫriyā); اریٹیریا (Irīṫīriyā)
div: އެރިތްރިއާ (Eritri'ā)
heb: אריטראה (Erîṭreʾah); אריטריאה (Erîṭrêʾah); אריתריאה (Erîtrêʾah)
lad: איריטריאה / Eritrea
yid: עריטרײאַ (Eritreya)
amh | tir: ኤርትራ (Ertra)
ell-dhi: Ερυθραία (Eryṯraía)
ell-kat: Ἐρυθραία (Eryṯraía)
hye: Էրիտրեա (Ēritrea)
kat: ერიტრეა (Eritrea)
hin: इरिट्रिया (Iriṭriyā); एरिट्रिया (Eriṭriyā); एरीट्रिया (Erīṭriyā)
ben: ইরিত্রিয়া (Iritriyā); এরিট্রিয়া (Eriṭriyā)
pan: ਈਰਿਟਰੀਆ (Īriṭrīā)
kan: ಎರಿಟ್ರಿಯ (Eriṭriya)
mal: എരിട്രിയ (Eriṭriya)
tam: எரித்திரியா (Erittiriyā); எரித்ரியா (Eritriyā)
tel: ఎరిట్రియా (Eriṭriyā)
zho: 厄立特里亞/厄里特尼亚 (Èlǐtèlíyà)
jpn: エリトリア (Eritoria)
kor: 에리트레아 (Eriteuraea)
mya: အီရီထရီးယား (Iẏitʰáẏìyà)
tha: เอริเทรีย (Ēritʰriya)
khm: អេរីទ្រា (Erītrā)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=vt7PvTwYF3E&feature=share&...
Full Feature in 9 Parts
American International Pictures lived up to its name on this project. Terrore nello spazio was a Spanish/Italian/American effort. The American release title, Planet of the Vampires (PoV) suggests a campier film than it is. There actually aren't any vampires in the usual sense. Yet, it is still a horror/sci-fi hybrid. Director Mario Bava (famous for horror pictures) gives the dark screenplay by Ib Melchior a good presentation, despite a low budget.
Synopsis
Mysterious signals received from a distant planet named Aura suggest some intelligent life, perhaps a distress call. Two interplanetary space ships are sent to investigate. The Galliot goes in first, but seems to crash. The crew of the Argos go lower to check on them. A sudden increase of gravity pins everyone to the floors and the Argos seems to be doomed to crash. At the last minute, the gravity normalizes and Captain Mark Markary is able to land the Argos. When various members of the crew awaken, they go viciously homicidal temporarily. Captain Mark is able to restore order. The Galliot is found near by, perfectly intact. When a team of the Argos investigate, they find the entire crew of the Galliot dead. They killed each other. The Galliot's "Meteor Rejector" device is smashed, making the ship unspaceworthy. The Argos team return later to find no bodies. (They are rising from the dead, but the Argos crew don't know this yet.) A team from the Argos find a derelict alien ship with a huge alien skeleton out front. Mark and Sanya check it out and almost become trapped inside. Various crewmen, usually given lone sentry jobs, disappear one by one. Two Galliot crewmen appear with a story of being unconscious after the landing. They are taken aboard the Argos, but it was a trick. They were zombies who came to steal the Argos's "Meteor Rejector" device. One zombie explains that Aura is inhabited by a race of energy beings. The Auran sun is dying but they cannot construct spaceships. So, they lured other race's ships to Aura to hijack their bodies and flee. The takeover can be done willingly too. Captain Mark says "Never". Mark, Sanya and Wess steal back the Meteor Rejector and plant bombs aboard the Galliot. They take off in the Argos. Wess discovers that Mark and Sanya are possessed by the Aurans. He smashes the Meteor Rejector, thinking he's stopping the Aurans. He dies in the process. Possessed Mark and Sanya decide to set down on an obscure little planet: Earth. The End.
PoV has the quirky charm typical of Italian sci-fi, but also some visual fun via Bava's sense of art.
The American title is a misnomer, but probably deemed better (by A.I.P.) for marketing. The dead bodies, re-animated by the Auran energy beings, were more the classic zombie than the classic vampire. There is no sucking of blood or needing of human blood, etc. The whole rising-from-the-grave scene is clearly in the zombie idiom. Mixed into the zombie trope is the familiar 50s theme of alien-takeover.
Like many B movies, the production budget for PoV was very tight. Modern viewers could easily scoff at the modest special effects and simple sets. Yet, fans of B sci-fi can appreciate how much mileage Bava got from his shoestring budget. He made an entire alien planet out of a few "rock" props left over from a prior sword-and-sandal film, making use of lots of dry ice fog to disguise how sparse things were. The ship models were quite small (and therefore cheaper), but he manages to make them look larger. To save on matte art and optical effects, Bava used mirrors to put actors and small models into the same shot. Of course, having the Argos and Galliot be identical ships meant handy double use. The giant alien skeleton was probably his biggest expense, but well worth it.
Bava also made ample use of strong color to make things look "alien." Pairs of red-green, or red-blue, or green-orange lights add a vivid other-worldliness. The lighting is reminiscent of that used in the soviet film: Mechte Navstrechu ('62) ("A Dream Come True"). American audiences wouldn't get to see the soviet footage until 1966 when A.I.P. created another of their mash-ups, this one entitled: Queen of Blood.
Some viewers see an inspiration for Ridley Scott's famous Alien (1979). Certainly the scene in which Mark and Sanya discover and explore the derelict alien ship bears a strong resemblance. Even though this scene in PoV is more of a sidetrack than pivotal, it is certainly possible that Scott drew upon it as a portion of his story.
Screenwriter Ib Melchior was fond of the notion that alien planets harbored mysterious danger. His dark vision was quite the opposite of the almost glib notion that alien beings would be pretty women in short skirts. Melchior's Angry Red Planet ('60) featured ominous unseen Martians who tell the earthlings to get lost and never ever come back. Journey to the Seventh Planet ('62) featured a malicious intellect being that messed with the earthlings' minds and was trying to get off its cold, dark moon, to a better planet -- like earth.
The ending of PoV is decidedly un-hollywood. Most of the crew die. Even the last uncompromised humans (Wess) dies trying to stop the Aurans. He fails, despite his heroic sacrifice. Auran-Mark and Auran-Sanya fly down to an unsuspecting earth. The danger of the mind-controlling energy being Aurans was about to be loosed on our simple civilization. On its own, such an ending does have nihilist overtones. It also smacks of a potential sequel along the Body Snatchers line.
Bottom line? PoV will not impress modern viewers who rate movies by how lavish the effects are. It is still a budget film. It also suffers some of the usual pitfalls of foreign films repackaged for American release. There are almost too many characters who are easy to mix up (everyone wore identical leather suits) Nonetheless, it one of the better B movies of the 60s.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=vt7PvTwYF3E&feature=share&...
Full Feature in 9 Parts
American International Pictures lived up to its name on this project. Terrore nello spazio was a Spanish/Italian/American effort. The American release title, Planet of the Vampires (PoV) suggests a campier film than it is. There actually aren't any vampires in the usual sense. Yet, it is still a horror/sci-fi hybrid. Director Mario Bava (famous for horror pictures) gives the dark screenplay by Ib Melchior a good presentation, despite a low budget.
Synopsis
Mysterious signals received from a distant planet named Aura suggest some intelligent life, perhaps a distress call. Two interplanetary space ships are sent to investigate. The Galliot goes in first, but seems to crash. The crew of the Argos go lower to check on them. A sudden increase of gravity pins everyone to the floors and the Argos seems to be doomed to crash. At the last minute, the gravity normalizes and Captain Mark Markary is able to land the Argos. When various members of the crew awaken, they go viciously homicidal temporarily. Captain Mark is able to restore order. The Galliot is found near by, perfectly intact. When a team of the Argos investigate, they find the entire crew of the Galliot dead. They killed each other. The Galliot's "Meteor Rejector" device is smashed, making the ship unspaceworthy. The Argos team return later to find no bodies. (They are rising from the dead, but the Argos crew don't know this yet.) A team from the Argos find a derelict alien ship with a huge alien skeleton out front. Mark and Sanya check it out and almost become trapped inside. Various crewmen, usually given lone sentry jobs, disappear one by one. Two Galliot crewmen appear with a story of being unconscious after the landing. They are taken aboard the Argos, but it was a trick. They were zombies who came to steal the Argos's "Meteor Rejector" device. One zombie explains that Aura is inhabited by a race of energy beings. The Auran sun is dying but they cannot construct spaceships. So, they lured other race's ships to Aura to hijack their bodies and flee. The takeover can be done willingly too. Captain Mark says "Never". Mark, Sanya and Wess steal back the Meteor Rejector and plant bombs aboard the Galliot. They take off in the Argos. Wess discovers that Mark and Sanya are possessed by the Aurans. He smashes the Meteor Rejector, thinking he's stopping the Aurans. He dies in the process. Possessed Mark and Sanya decide to set down on an obscure little planet: Earth. The End.
PoV has the quirky charm typical of Italian sci-fi, but also some visual fun via Bava's sense of art.
The American title is a misnomer, but probably deemed better (by A.I.P.) for marketing. The dead bodies, re-animated by the Auran energy beings, were more the classic zombie than the classic vampire. There is no sucking of blood or needing of human blood, etc. The whole rising-from-the-grave scene is clearly in the zombie idiom. Mixed into the zombie trope is the familiar 50s theme of alien-takeover.
Like many B movies, the production budget for PoV was very tight. Modern viewers could easily scoff at the modest special effects and simple sets. Yet, fans of B sci-fi can appreciate how much mileage Bava got from his shoestring budget. He made an entire alien planet out of a few "rock" props left over from a prior sword-and-sandal film, making use of lots of dry ice fog to disguise how sparse things were. The ship models were quite small (and therefore cheaper), but he manages to make them look larger. To save on matte art and optical effects, Bava used mirrors to put actors and small models into the same shot. Of course, having the Argos and Galliot be identical ships meant handy double use. The giant alien skeleton was probably his biggest expense, but well worth it.
Bava also made ample use of strong color to make things look "alien." Pairs of red-green, or red-blue, or green-orange lights add a vivid other-worldliness. The lighting is reminiscent of that used in the soviet film: Mechte Navstrechu ('62) ("A Dream Come True"). American audiences wouldn't get to see the soviet footage until 1966 when A.I.P. created another of their mash-ups, this one entitled: Queen of Blood.
Some viewers see an inspiration for Ridley Scott's famous Alien (1979). Certainly the scene in which Mark and Sanya discover and explore the derelict alien ship bears a strong resemblance. Even though this scene in PoV is more of a sidetrack than pivotal, it is certainly possible that Scott drew upon it as a portion of his story.
Screenwriter Ib Melchior was fond of the notion that alien planets harbored mysterious danger. His dark vision was quite the opposite of the almost glib notion that alien beings would be pretty women in short skirts. Melchior's Angry Red Planet ('60) featured ominous unseen Martians who tell the earthlings to get lost and never ever come back. Journey to the Seventh Planet ('62) featured a malicious intellect being that messed with the earthlings' minds and was trying to get off its cold, dark moon, to a better planet -- like earth.
The ending of PoV is decidedly un-hollywood. Most of the crew die. Even the last uncompromised humans (Wess) dies trying to stop the Aurans. He fails, despite his heroic sacrifice. Auran-Mark and Auran-Sanya fly down to an unsuspecting earth. The danger of the mind-controlling energy being Aurans was about to be loosed on our simple civilization. On its own, such an ending does have nihilist overtones. It also smacks of a potential sequel along the Body Snatchers line.
Bottom line? PoV will not impress modern viewers who rate movies by how lavish the effects are. It is still a budget film. It also suffers some of the usual pitfalls of foreign films repackaged for American release. There are almost too many characters who are easy to mix up (everyone wore identical leather suits) Nonetheless, it one of the better B movies of the 60s.
"In the grand tradition of generals and surrealists, we have been playing games. People learn things better through the open-ended, empathetic participation in knowledge-making that games allow. Just dispensing information to people-- though at times enlightening-- can also encourage apathy or forgetfulness. Lately, we have been using games to critically examine the dynamics and assumptions of larger social givens.Our new game SET was inspired by toy collectors, tourists, and museum curators. Throughout the game, players "play" by intervening and reorganizing existing groups of objects, thus questioning categories by constructing and redrawing them. In foregrounding the player's relation to the categories, SET explores the value of one's authorship in the production of knowledge. While games often risk normalizing power relationships by setting social roles and rules in stone, we have tried here to do just the opposite."
People learn things better through the open-ended, empathetic participation in knowledge-making that games allow. Just dispensing information to people-- though at times enlightening-- can also encourage apathy or forgetfulness. A project developed by Erik Carver and Marisa Jahn, SET is a game that critically examines the dynamics and assumptions of larger social givens. It's a game inspired by toy collectors, tourists, and museum curators. Throughout the game, players "play" by intervening and reorganizing existing groups of objects, thus questioning categories by constructing and redrawing them. In foregrounding the player's relation to the categories, SET explores the value of one's authorship in the production of knowledge. While games often risk normalizing power relationships by setting social roles and rules in stone, SET tries to do just the opposite.
--
Erik Carver
Erik Carver is an architect and artist. He is a founder of the Institute for Advanced Architecture (advancedarchitecture.org)-- an organization dedicated to advancing architecture through research, exchange, and exhibition-- as well as the Common Room exhibition space (common-room.net) and the interdisciplinary art group Seru. He lives in Brooklyn and teaches architecture at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Erik has worked for the firms of Diller+Scofidio, Laura Kurgan, and Lyn Rice before starting his own practice. These designs have included a student center renovation, an art museum, apartment renovations, a vacation home, exhibitions, a performance space/bar, an expo pavilion, schools, offices and an interpretation center.
His work has appeared in Volume magazine, Art in America, and Nature, and he has shown work and lectured at venues including Exit Art, the Ise Foundation, and Columbia's Neiman Gallery, and the Storefront for Art and Architecture (NYC), The Institute of Contemporary Art (Philadelphia), CAVS (MIT), Basekamp (Philadelphia), the Contemporary Art Center (North Adams, MA), and Pond (San Francisco).
Marisa Jahn
Of Ecuadorian and Chinese descent, Marisa Jahn is an artist whose work explores, constructs, and intervenes natural and social systems. In 2000, Jahn has co-founded Pond: art, activism, and ideas (www.mucketymuck.org), a non-profit organization dedicated to showcasing experimental art. Jahn has presented and exhibited work in museums, galleries, and spaces at venues such as The Institute of Contemporary Art (Philadelphia), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (San Francisco), ISEA/Zero One 06/08 (San Jose, CA), MoKS (Estonia), the Moore Space (Miami), the Museum of Contemporary Art (North Miami), in galleries and public places in Tokyo, Honduras, Estonia, Turkey, North America, and Taiwan. Jahn's work has been reviewed in Art in America, Frieze, Punk Planet, Clamor, San Francisco Chronicle, the Fader, Artweek, Metropolis, the Discovery Channel, and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). She has received awards and grants such as the Robert & Colleen Haas Scholarship, MIT Department of Architecture Fellowship (2005-8), CEC Artslink, and is an artist in residence at the MIT Media Lab (2007-9) and at the Headlands Center for the Arts (2008). She received her BA from UC Berkeley and an MS from MIT's Visual Arts Program. She lives between Boston and New York, where she functions as the Immediator of art-activist campaigns for The Church of Stop Shopping/Reverend Billy. www.marisajahn.com, www.mucketymuck.org
Remake! I took the original photo version of this in 2010 to bring awareness to "Violence Against Women". At the time, I did not know that this would directly impact me in 2011 when I met my abuser, William.
A few weeks ago, William's mother sent me a friend request on Facebook, so I decided to remake this photo. There's no escaping this, even years into my healing. I'm reminded of it constantly. From his mother Pauline trying to add me on Facebook, to his partner Victoria liking my photos on Instagram. I have a life sentence of being a domestic abuse survivor. Antagonized. Intimidated.
The abuse didn't start with violence. For years, William broke me down & made me dependent on him. He made me cut off my friends, ruined my relationship with my family, got me a job at his workplace so I'd be near him, changed schools so we'd share the same campus. So we moved in together in late 2013 after I had nothing left. It only took until early 2014 for him to start beating me.
This is the reality. Abuse is a slow burn & then it's a horrific explosion. Rinse, repeat. He made me believe that I deserved everything & that I was crazy for not seeing that. Years later, after re-learning how to be a functioning person, I'll never be 100% okay again. Especially not with his loved ones doing this to me. But I've accepted this because I'm not the one who should be ashamed.
If my vulnerability brings awareness to this horrific issue, it will be worth it. Survivors are dealing with indescribable pain. I may seem strong, then I get a friend request on Facebook & I'm suddenly 22, hiding under the bed, while William drags me out to choke me. How can we accept that people do this to their loved ones? How can we accept that his loved ones are still trying to terrorize me?
Stop the violence. Be kind to each other. Normalize knowing the red flags of abuse. Support each other, even from afar. Call out assholes. Check in on your loved ones. Partner violence rates have increased because of the pandemic. We need to talk about this more. Survivors should not be embarrassed. People like William and his loved ones should be.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The visualization shows the influence of the economic crisis in the lexicon of Italian fiction. Analyzed(*) are the ten books awarded with the last ten editions of the Strega Prize. Books are arranged chronologically (x-axis) and by the total number of words (y-axis). For each novel the visualization displays a syntactic and semantic study on the frequency of fifty words, divided into five categories, and related to the theme of the crisiss. In order to understand the actual influence of the crisis semantic vocabulary within the novel, the visualization also shows the placement of the words along the timeplot of the novel through a dispesion plot on books’ length normalized.
The Duran: U.S. and Japan prepare for conflict with China, citing this Financial Times article, "US military deepens ties with Japan and Philippines to prepare for China threat" and quoting U.S. Lt General James Biermann.
www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/is-japan-getting-ready-for-a...
Is Japan Getting Ready for a War with China? It Looks Like It
Throughout history, there has been no love lost between China and Japan. While the island nation of Japan has been influenced throughout its history by China, modern relations have been strained due to past conflicts. Today, China’s and Japan’s economies are respectively the world’s second and third-largest by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and in recent years the two have become close business partners since relations were normalized in 1972.
Yet, Tokyo sees Beijing as its biggest security challenge, and as a result, the Japanese government has announced it would sharply increase military spending, The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday. This would mark Japan’s largest post-World War II shift away from pacifism.
Point of Contention
Among the sources of contention is actually an uninhabited group of Tokyo-controlled, Beijing-claimed East China Sea islands called Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China. According to Japan, the islands, which had previously hosted a Japanese seafood factory, are part of its territory, both historically and by international law.
However, Beijing maintains that the islands were stolen in 1895, and should have been returned to mainland control at the end of World War II.
Though the actual islands may have little value, the region’s waters are rich fishing grounds while undersea oil deposits have been discovered. The 1972 normalization communiqué did not address the issue, and the dispute only intensified in 2012 after Tokyo nationalized the islands.
Arms Buildup
Japan will undertake its biggest arms buildup since the war, in an effort to deter China from war in East Asia. It was in a 2019 defense white paper that Tokyo had identified Beijing as its chief adversary – noting that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was undergoing a rapid modernization that had the potential to pose a serious security threat.
In addition, Japan has monitored China’s saber-rattling to return self-ruling Taiwan to mainland control, and by force if necessary. The concerns have only intensified since Russia invaded Ukraine, which has weakened public opposition in Japan to the rearming. The next Communist Party delegation to gather in Beijing is scheduled for 2027 when Chinese leaders will determine where its own modernization stands. It is already being seen as a potentially noteworthy milestone for Beijing as it will mark the centennial of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army.
Clearly, Tokyo plans to be ready to stand up to any Chinese aggression that could occur – as well as any from North Korea or Russia. The strategy document reaffirmed concerns about North Korea’s nuclear weapons program and its recent string of missile launches.
However, it placed North Korea below China on the current threat list, reversing the order from a previous strategy released in 2013. Tokyo’s spending plans commit Japan to 43 trillion yen (approximately $312 billion), in defense outlays over the next five years, starting in the next fiscal year that will begin in April. Japan would spend about 2% of its GDP on defense, which put it in line with spending targets shared by the U.S.’s European allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Around $3.7 billion is reportedly earmarked just for missile systems, including the American Tomahawk, which would enable the Japanese military to target an adversary’s facilities if an attack appeared imminent. The message that Japan will likely want to send is that it would be far too costly to attack the island nation, thus pursuing a peace through strength strategy.
A Senior Editor for 1945, Peter Suciu is a Michigan-based writer. He has contributed to more than four dozen magazines, newspapers, and websites with over 3,000 published pieces over a twenty-year career in journalism. He regularly writes about military hardware, firearms history, cybersecurity, and international affairs. Peter is also a Contributing Writer for Forbes and Clearance Jobs. You can follow him on Twitter: @PeterSuciu.
Below is U.S. Ambassador Kennedy's concerns about handing administrative control of DiaoYu Islands, aka Senkaku Islands, to Japan while negotiating with Taiwan on textile "voluntary" quotas. Also attached below are several conversations among U.S. politicians on the Islands. (GRC = Government of the Republic of China)
history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d133
(c) Offer certain concessions to Taiwan. Ambassador Kennedy feels the impasse can be broken without causing disastrous side effects for either our industry or the Taiwan Government. While the Chinese have stressed the importance of certain military items (F–4's for example) Ambassador Kennedy is convinced that the “only” way to resolve the issues is to withhold turning the Senkaku Islands over to Japanese administrative control under the Okinawa Reversion Agreement.3
4. Ambassador Kennedy's argument on the Senkaku follows:
“This is a major issue in Taiwan with both domestic and international implications. If the U.S. were to maintain administrative control, it would give the GRC a tremendous public boost since they have expressed themselves so forcefully on the issues. Further, it would be a very direct indication of our continued interest in and support for the GRC—and it would be done at Japan's expense, a point that is vital to our ability to proceed effectively with textile negotiations in Hong Kong and Korea and subsequently in Japan. Announcement of such a decision allows the GRC to save face both at home (it takes the Vice Premier off the hook) and abroad. Taiwan could accept the current textile package in face of Hong Kong and Korean pressure.
“In addition, such an act would, in my opinion, provide a very badly needed shock effect on the Japanese. It would indicate that U.S. acquiescence in all matters requested by the Japanese could no longer be taken for granted.
“I can fully appreciate the opposition which such a proposal will generate in certain quarters of our government. But I feel that this can and must be done. We accepted stewardship of these Islands after World War II. Neither historically nor geographically are they a part of the Ryukyus Chain containing Okinawa. Consequently, the GRC suffers a great loss of face if we allow Japan to gain administrative control of them. Since possession of the Islands is still in dispute, there is every reason for the United States to maintain administrative control until such time as the dispute is settled. Taiwan feels very strongly that once Japan had administrative control there is absolutely no possibility of their ever relinquishing that control. By no means am I suggesting that we hand the islands over to Taiwan. Rather, I am strongly recommending the wisdom of preserving the status quo rather than allowing Japan to assume administrative control with the great loss of face this entails for Taiwan.
“I know of no other action sufficiently important or sufficiently dramatic to resolve our textile problems specifically as well as to pave the way for resolution of several general international trade difficulties. The stakes involved are very high which I fully realize. I realize, too, that only the President can make such a decision. Therefore, I urge you in the strongest possible terms to present to him all the potential benefits and ramifications of my recommendations.”
5. Henry Kissinger is looking into the background of the Senkaku Islands dispute and will be able to report to you at our meeting this afternoon on what would be involved in not turning over the Senkaku Islands to Japan at this point.
3 See Documents 113, 114, and 115.
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976
Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, Document 113
He then raised this issue of the Senkaku Islands.6
6 Japanese-American negotiations over Okinawa sparked renewed Chinese interest in the Senkaku Islands (Taioyutai or Daioyutai in Chinese). Chow gave a 4-page aidemémoire to Green on September 16, 1970, outlining the ROC's objections to Japanese sovereignty over these islands. (National Archives, RG 59, EA/ROC Files: Lot 75 D 61, Subject Files, Petroleum–Senkakus, January–September 1970) Shoesmith summarized reports of student demonstrations in Taipei against Japanese control of the Senkaku Islands and noted: “The Embassy believes that the initiative for the demonstrations has come from the students rather than the government. But the latter probably has given tacit approval out of reluctance to oppose the fruits of youthful patriotism and its own dissatisfaction over our China policy and oil exploration moratorium.” (Memorandum from Shoesmith t. Green, April 17; ibid., Lot 75 D 76, Petroleum–Senkakus, January–March 1971) There were also student protests in the United States and Hong Kong. The White House tape of the April 12 meeting indicates that Chow emphasized that the final disposition of the Senkakus should be kept open, and that this issue was a measure of the ROC's ability to protect itself. He emphasized the symbolic importance of the islands. (Ibid., Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Tapes, Recording of conversation between Nixon and Kissinger, April 12, 1971, Oval Office, Conversation No. 477–3)
______________
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976
Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, Document 114
Ambassador Chow said that in the measures the U.S. was taking which affected his country, the understanding if not the support of the Chinese people was needed. He described the strong sentiments which various Chinese groups had with regard to a number of issues, particularly the question of the status of Senkaku Islets. The demonstration which had taken place in Washington on April 10 was a case in point—those demonstrating had been scientists, engineers, and professional people and not just students. The demonstration had come on all of a sudden because these people had become excited, and was symbolic of what they and the country would stand for. Ambassador Chow declared that he had been asked by President Chiang to take up the Senkaku question with the President and Dr. Kissinger.
Dr. Kissinger stated that he was looking into the Senkaku matter, and asked Mr. Holdridge to forward a report to him on the issues involved by April 13.3
Ambassador Chow, in commenting further on the Senkakus, remarked that even when the Japanese had occupied Taiwan and the Ryukyus, legal matters involving the Senkakus had been handled by courts on Taiwan, and the fishing boats which went to the Senkakus had been from Taiwan. From the Japanese point of view, they didn't care how the Senkakus were administered. For the Chinese though, the issue of nationalism was deeply involved.
__________
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976
Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, Document 115
115. Memorandum From John H. Holdridge of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Washington, April 13, 1971.
SUBJECT
The Chinese Claim to the Senkaku Islets
You asked for information on the Chinese claim to the Senkaku Islets. The most recent summary of this was contained in a Note Verbale sent the State Department by the Chinese Embassy on March 15 (Tab A).2 Its main points are as follows:
—As early as the 15th century Chinese historical records considered the Senkakus as the boundary separating Taiwan from the independent kingdom of the Ryukyus.
—The geological structure of the Senkaku Islets is similar to that of other islets associated with Taiwan. The Senkakus are closer to Taiwan than to the Ryukyus and are separated from the Ryukyus by the Okinawa Trough at the end of the Continental Shelf, which is 2,000 meters in depth.
—Taiwanese fisherman have traditionally fished in the area of the Senkakus and called at these islets.
—The Japanese Government did not include the Senkakus in Okinawa Prefecture until after China's cession of Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan after the first Sino-Japanese war in 1895.
—For regional security considerations the GRC has hitherto not challenged the U.S. military occupation of the Senkakus under Article 3 of the San Francisco Peace Treaty. However, according to international law temporary military occupation of an area does not affect the ultimate determination of its sovereignty.
—In view of the expected termination of the U.S. occupation of the Ryukyu Islands in 1972, the U.S. is requested to respect the GRC's sovereign rights over the Senkaku Islets and restore them to the GRC when this termination takes place.
Comment. As you can imagine, the Japanese Government has a comparable list of apparently offsetting arguments and maintains simply that the Senkakus remain Japanese. State's position is that in occupying the Ryukyus and the Senkakus in 1945, and in proposing to return them to Japan in 1972, the U.S. passes no judgement as to conflicting claims over any portion of them, which should be settled directly by the parties concerned.3
1 Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 521, Country Files, Far East, China, Vol. VI. Confidential. Sent for information. A notation on the memorandum indicates Kissinger saw it on April 23.
2 Attached but not printed.
3 Kissinger's handwritten comment in the margin reads: “But that is nonsense since it gives islands to Japan. How can we get a more neutral position?”
__________
history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d134
Nixon, Kissinger, and Peterson met at Camp David from 3:25 to 4:10 p.m. on June 7. (Ibid., White House Central Files, President's Daily Diary) According to a draft telegram to Rogers by U. Alexis Johnson: “Henry Kissinger stepped into the breach with material that I supplied him, and last night [June 7] obtained the President's decision that we would not change our position on the Senkakus. However, this points up the heat that GRC is bringing to bear on us and in turn in some degree probably reflects the heat that GRC is feeling on a subject which it neglected for so long.” (Ibid., RG 59, U. Alexis Johnson Files: Lot 96 D 695, Nodis Chrono 1971) Kissinger and Johnson discussed the Senkaku Island issue by telephone on the morning of June 7. Johnson stated: “The principle that we are applying is that we receive the islands from Japan for administration and are returning them to Japan without prejudice to the rights—no position between the two governments on it.” (Memorandum of conversation between Kissinger and Johnson, June 7, 10:35 a.m.; ibid., Telcons, May–June 1971)
On June 7 Kennedy told Chiang Ching-Kuo of the decision on the Senkaku Islands. Chiang asked that the U.S. Government categorically state at the time of the signing of the Okinawa reversion agreement that the final status of the islands had not been determined and should be settled by all parties involved. (Backchannel message from Kennedy to Peterson, June 9; ibid., White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Peter Peterson, Box 1, 1971, Textile Negotiations (cables)) In a June 10 memorandum to Kissinger, Johnson noted that Rogers had raised this issue with Japanese Foreign Minister Aichi at their meeting in Paris on June 9. (Ibid., RG 59, U. Alexis Johnson Files: Lot 96 D 695, Kissinger, Henry, 1971) On June 12 Peterson informed Kennedy, who was in Seoul, that Rogers had approached Aichi, “strongly urging GOJ to discuss issue with GRC prior to signature of Okinawa Agreement on June 17.” He also noted that a Department of State spokesman would announce on June 17 that a return of “administrative rights” to Japan of the Senkaku Islands “can in no way prejudice the underlying claims of the Republic of China.” (Ibid., Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Peter Peterson, Box 1, 1971, Textile Negotiations (cables)) On June 15 Peterson cabled Kennedy, in Seoul, stating that Aichi had met with the ROC Ambassador in Tokyo to discuss the Senkaku issue. (Ibid.) On July 12 Chiang Ching-Kuo complained to McConaughy that “the Japanese so far have refused to talk in any meaningful way on the subject.” (Telegram 3388 from Taipei, July 12; ibid., RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL CHINAT)
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Urbex Benelux -
Between 1940 and 1945, the factory was badly damaged by bombing, which caused major fires in the paper and wood supplies. At the end of the war, only one machine was ready to use, but a law passed in October 1942 required businesses with damage greater than 25 percent to stop.
After a slow start-up, the company worked back in 1947 with 140 employees and production had increased to four tons per year. It would take until 1949 before the supply could be normalized.
Using five criteria, real estate brokerage Redfin and the Beer Institute have attempted to quantify which American cities are the "best American beer cities for beer lovers."
— These Are the 15 Best Cities for Beer Lovers
29 June 2016.
*****************
▶ Results
(See another graphic: here.)
☞ "At the head of the list of the best cities for beer lovers were Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Milwaukee, and the majority were Rust Belt cities, powered by their relative affordability, low tax on beer, and plenitude of breweries.
☞ The old guard of beer cities was well represented by the hometowns of Miller (Milwaukee), Budweiser (St. Louis) and Coors (Denver) placing in the top 10.
☞ On the West Coast, stalwarts like Seattle, Portland and San Francisco all placed highly, however the growing price of homes along the West Coast kept them from the top spots."
***************
▶ Methodology
"Data on active brewery permits per state and breweries per adults aged 21+ per state was provided by the Beer Institute and the figures are from 2015. The beer tax per state was found from the Tax Foundation study conducted on March 17, 2016. Walk Score and median home sale prices as of May 2016 were taken from Redfin.com. The final ranking was determined by ranking 50 cities according to each metric, and then taking the average of all those rankings to rank order the top 15 best cities for beer lovers. Our real estate agents then weighed in on the list. The Redfin team consumed many beers from all around the country in order to ensure the accuracy of the list."
▶ Criteria:
☞ The number of breweries in the city's state per 100,000 adults aged 21+.
☞ The number of active brewery permits in that state.
☞ State beer taxes (lower ranked better)
☞ The median home sale price.
☞ The city’s 'Walk Score.'
▶ About Walk Score
☞ Walk Score, from the company of that name, is a numerical walkability score using an algorithm awarding points ...
☞ Points are "based on the distance to the closest amenity in each category. If the closest amenity in a category is within .25 miles (or .4 km), we assign the maximum number of points. The number of points declines as the distance approaches 1 mile (or 1.6 km)—no points are awarded for amenities farther than 1 mile. Each category is weighted equally and the points are summed and normalized to yield a score from 0–100. The number of nearby amenities is the leading predictor of whether people walk. Relevant amenities include businesses, parks, theaters, schools, and other common destinations."
***************
▶ About the Beer Institute
The Beer Institute is a national trade association representing companies that produce and import beer sold in the United States. It was organized in 1986 to represent the industry before Congress, state legislatures, and the public. Different than the Brewers Association, the Beer Institute represents all breweries, large and small, although primarily funded by the American chapters of international companies such as Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, etc.
***************
▶ Image via Redfin.
▶ Uploaded by: YFGF.
▶ For a larger image, type 'L' (without the quotation marks).
— Follow on Instagram: @tcizauskas.
▶ Commercial use requires explicit permission, as per Creative Commons.
IO Aircraft, Imaginactive / Charles Bombadier, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization, Martin Rico, Drew Blair
IO Aircraft: www.ioaircraft.com/hypersonic/blueedge.php
Imaginactive: imaginactive.org/2019/02/blue-edge/
Martin Rico, Industrial Graphics Designed: www.linkedin.com/in/mjrico/
Seating: 220 | Crew 2+4
Length: 195ft | Span: 93ft
Engines: 4 U-TBCC (Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle) +1 Aerospike for sustained 2G acceleration to Mach 10.
Fuel: H2 (Compressed Hydrogen)
Cruising Altitude: 100,000-125,000ft
Airframe: 75% Proprietary Composites
Operating Costs, Similar to a 737. $7,000-$15,000hr, including averaged maintenence costs
Iteration 3 (Full release of IT3, Monday January 14, 2019)
IO Aircraft www.ioaircraft.com
Drew Blair www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/
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hypersonic commercial aircraft, hypersonic commercial plane, hypersonic aircraft, hypersonic plane, Imaginactive, ICAO, International Civil Aviation Orginization, Charles Bombardier, Martin Rico, hypersonic airline, tbcc, glide breaker, fighter plane, hyperonic fighter, boeing phantom express, phantom works, boeing phantom works, lockheed skunk works, hypersonic weapon, hypersonic missile, scramjet engineering, scramjet physics, boost glide, tactical glide vehicle, space plane, scramjet, turbine based combined cycle, ramjet, dual mode ramjet, darpa, onr, navair, afrl, air force research lab, office of naval research, defense advanced research project agency, defense science, missile defense agency, aerospike, hydrogen, hydrogen storage, hydrogen fueled, hydrogen aircraft, virgin airlines, united airlines, sas, finnair ,emirates airlines, ANA, JAL, airlines, military, physics, airline, british airways, air france, aerion supersonic, aerion, spike aerospace, boom supersonic,
-----------------------------
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle. Current technologies and what Lockheed is trying to force on the Dept of Defense, for that low speed Mach 5 plane DOD gave them $1 billion to build and would disintegrate above Mach 5, is TBCC. 2 separate propulsion systems in the same airframe, which requires TWICE the airframe space to use.
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle is 1 propulsion system cutting that airframe deficit in half, and also able to operate above Mach 10 up to Mach 15 in atmosphere, and a simple nozzle modification allows for outside atmosphere rocket mode, ie orbital capable.
Additionally, Reaction Engines maximum air breather mode is Mach 4.5, above that it will explode in flight from internal pressures are too high to operate. Thus, must switch to non air breather rocket mode to operate in atmosphere in hypersonic velocities. Which as a result, makes it not feasible for anything practical. It also takes an immense amount of fuel to function.
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Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft
Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.
Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.
*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.
What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.
Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)
To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5
However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.
Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation
Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.
Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes
For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.
Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources
Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.
Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.
As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.
As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).
Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction
Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.
Improved Bow Shock Interaction
Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.
6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance
To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.
*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope
Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling
With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.
Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition
Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.
Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities
Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.
Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)
To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.
A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
早川裕弌・小花和宏之・齋藤 仁・内山庄一郎
※本号掲載総説参照（321-343頁）．
This is an example of 3D point cloud by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) Multi-View Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry. The 3D point cloud was produced from thousands of aerial photographs taken by small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or unmanned aircraft or aerial system (UAS). The spectrum of colors indicates different information given to each point: red-green-blue (RGB) color, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) calculated using a near infrared camera data, topographic shade by eye-dome lighting (EDL), morphological roughness, and surface curvature. These data are readily obtained by SfM-MVS photogrammetry, and can be effectively used for various applications in geomorphology and related studies. For more details on SfM-MVS photogrammetry, see our review article in this issue (p. 321-343).
(Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Hiroyuki Obanawa, Hitoshi Saito, Shoichiro Uchiyama)
www.researchgate.net/publication/304674520_SfMduoshidians...
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
Sony RX1 User Report.
I hesitate to write about gear. Tools are tools and the bitter truth is that a great craftsman rises above his tools to create a masterpiece whereas most of us try to improve our abominations by buying better or faster hammers to hit the same nails at the same awkward angles.
The internet is fairly flooded with reviews of this tiny marvel, and it isn’t my intention to compete with those articles. If you’re looking for a full-scale review of every feature or a down-to-Earth accounting of the RX1’s strengths and weaknesses, I recommend starting here.
Instead, I’d like to provide you with a flavor of how I’ve used the camera over the last six months. In short, this is a user report. To save yourself a few thousand words: I love the thing. As we go through this article, you’ll see this is a purpose built camera. The RX1 is not for everyone, but we will get to that and on the way, I’ll share a handful of images that I made with the camera.
It should be obvious to anyone reading this that I write this independently and have absolutely no relationship with Sony (other than having exchanged a large pile of cash for this camera at a retail outlet).
Before we get to anything else, I want to clear the air about two things: Price and Features
The Price
First things first: the price. The $2800+ cost of this camera is the elephant in the room and, given I purchased the thing, you may consider me a poor critic. That in mind, I want to offer you three thoughts:
Consumer goods cost what they cost, in the absence of a competitor (the Fuji X100s being the only one worth mention) there is no comparison and you simply have to decide for yourself if you are willing to pay or not.
Normalize the price per sensor area for all 35mm f/2 lens and camera alternatives and you’ll find the RX1 is an amazing value.
You are paying for the ability to take photographs, plain and simple. Ask yourself, “what are these photographs worth to me?”
In my case, #3 is very important. I have used the RX1 to take hundreds of photographs of my family that are immensely important to me. Moreover, I have made photographs (many appearing on this page) that are moving or beautiful and only happened because I had the RX1 in my bag or my pocket. Yes, of course I could have made these or very similar photographs with another camera, but that is immaterial.
35mm by 24mm by 35mm f/2
The killer feature of this camera is simple: it is a wafer of silicon 35mm by 24mm paired to a brilliantly, ridiculously, undeniably sharp, contrasty and bokehlicious 35mm f/2 Carl Zeiss lens. Image quality is king here and all other things take a back seat. This means the following: image quality is as good or better than your DSLR, but battery life, focus speed, and responsiveness are likely not as good as your DSLR. I say likely because, if you have an entry-level DSLR, the RX1 is comparable on these dimensions. If you want to change lenses, if you want an integrated viewfinder, if you want blindingly fast phase-detect autofocus then shoot with a DSLR. If you want the absolute best image quality in the smallest size possible, you’ve got it in the RX1.
While we are on the subject of interchangeable lenses and viewfinders...
I have an interchangeable lens DSLR and I love the thing. It’s basically a medium format camera in a 35mm camera body. It’s a powerhouse and it is the first camera I reach for when the goal is photography. For a long time, however, I’ve found myself in situations where photography was not the first goal, but where I nevertheless wanted to have a camera. I’m around the table with friends or at the park with my son and the DSLR is too big, too bulky, too intimidating. It comes between you and life. In this realm, mirrorless, interchangeable lens cameras seem to be king, but they have a major flaw: they are, for all intents and purposes, just little DSLRs.
As I mentioned above, I have an interchangeable lens system, why would I want another, smaller one? Clearly, I am not alone in feeling this way, as the market has produced a number of what I would call “professional point and shoots.” Here we are talking about the Fuji X100/X100s, Sigma DPm-series and the RX100 and RX1.
Design is about making choices
When the Fuji X100 came out, I was intrigued. Here was a cheap(er), baby Leica M. Quiet, small, unobtrusive. Had I waited to buy until the X100s had come out, perhaps this would be a different report. Perhaps, but probably not. I remember thinking to myself as I was looking at the X100, “I wish there was a digital Rollei 35, something with a fixed 28mm or 35mm lens that would fit in a coat pocket or a small bag.” Now of course, there is.
So, for those of you who said, “I would buy the RX1 if it had interchangeable lenses or an integrated viewfinder or faster autofocus,” I say the following: This is a purpose built camera. You would not want it as an interchangeable system, it can’t compete with DSLR speed. A viewfinder would make the thing bigger and ruin the magic ratio of body to sensor size—further, there is a 3-inch LCD viewfinder on the back! Autofocus is super fast, you just don’t realize it because the bar has been raised impossibly high by ultra-sonic magnet focusing rings on professional DSLR lenses. There’s a fantastic balance at work here between image quality and size—great tools are about the total experience, not about one or the other specification.
In short, design is about making choices. I think Sony has made some good ones with the RX1.
In use
So I’ve just written 1,000 words of a user report without, you know, reporting on use. In many ways the images on the page are my user report. These photographs, more than my words, should give you a flavor of what the RX1 is about. But, for the sake of variety, I intend to tell you a bit about the how and the why of shooting with the RX1.
Snapshots
As a beginning enthusiast, I often sneered at the idea of a snapshot. As I’ve matured, I’ve come to appreciate what a pocket camera and a snapshot can offer. The RX1 is the ultimate photographer’s snapshot camera.
I’ll pause here to properly define snapshot as a photograph taken quickly with a handheld camera.
To quote Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, “Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” So it is with photography. Beautiful photographs happen at the decisive moment—and to paraphrase Henri Cartier-Bresson further—the world is newly made and falling to pieces every instant. I think it is no coincidence that each revolution in the steady march of photography from the tortuously slow chemistry of tin-type and daguerreotype through 120 and 35mm formats to the hyper-sensitive CMOS of today has engendered new categories and concepts of photography.
Photography is a reflexive, reactionary activity. I see beautiful light or the unusual in an every day event and my reaction is a desire to make a photograph. It’s a bit like breathing and has been since I was a kid.
Rather than sneer at snapshots, nowadays I seek them out; and when I seek them out, I do so with the Sony RX1 in my hand.
How I shoot with the RX1
Despite much bluster from commenters on other reviews as to the price point and the purpose-built nature of this camera (see above), the RX1 is incredibly flexible. Have a peek at some of the linked reviews and you’ll see handheld portraits, long exposures, images taken with off-camera flash, etc.
Yet, I mentioned earlier that I reach for the D800 when photography is the primary goal and so the RX1 has become for me a handheld camera—something I use almost exclusively at f/2 (people, objects, shallow DoF) or f/8 (landscapes in abundant light, abstracts). The Auto-ISO setting allows the camera to choose in the range from ISO 50 and 6400 to reach a proper exposure at a given aperture with a 1/80 s shutter speed. I have found this shutter speed ensures a sharp image every time (although photographers with more jittery grips may wish there was the ability to select a different default shutter speed). This strategy works because the RX1 has a delightfully clicky exposure compensation dial just under your right thumb—allowing for fine adjustment to the camera’s metering decision.
So then, if you find me out with the RX1, you’re likely to see me on aperture priority, f/2 and auto ISO. Indeed, many of the photographs on this page were taken in that mode (including lots of the landscape shots!).
Working within constraints.
The RX1 is a wonderful camera to have when you have to work within constraints. When I say this, I mean it is great for photography within two different classes of constraints: 1) physical constraints of time and space and 2) intellectual/artistic constraints.
To speak to the first, as I said earlier, many of the photographs on this page were made possible by having a camera with me at a time that I otherwise would not have been lugging around a camera. For example, some of the images from the Grand Canyon you see were made in a pinch on my way to a Christmas dinner with my family. I didn’t have the larger camera with me and I just had a minute to make the image. Truth be told, these images could have been made with my cell phone, but that I could wring such great image quality out of something not much larger than my cell phone is just gravy. Be it jacket pocket, small bag, bike bag, saddle bag, even fannie pack—you have space for this camera anywhere you go.
Earlier I alluded to the obtrusiveness of a large camera. If you want to travel lightly and make photographs without announcing your presence, it’s easier to use a smaller camera. Here the RX1 excels. Moreover, the camera’s leaf shutter is virtually silent, so you can snap away without announcing your intention. In every sense, this camera is meant to work within physical constraints.
I cut my photographic teeth on film and I will always have an affection for it. There is a sense that one is playing within the rules when he uses film. That same feeling is here in the RX1. I never thought I’d say this about a camera, but I often like the JPEG images this thing produces more than I like what I can push with a RAW. Don’t get me wrong, for a landscape or a cityscape, the RAW processed carefully is FAR, FAR better than a JPEG.
But when I am taking snapshots or photos of friends and family, I find the JPEGs the camera produces (I’m shooting in RAW + JPEG) so beautiful. The camera’s computer corrects for the lens distortion and provides the perfect balance of contrast and saturation. The JPEG engine can be further tweaked to increase the amount of contrast, saturation or dynamic range optimization (shadow boost) used in writing those files. Add in the ability to rapidly compensate exposure or activate various creative modes and you’ve got this feeling you’re shooting film again. Instant, ultra-sensitive and customizable film.
Pro Tip: Focusing
Almost all cameras come shipped with what I consider to be the worst of the worst focus configurations. Even the Nikon D800 came to my hands set to focus when the shutter button was halfway depressed. This mode will ruin almost any photograph. Why? Because it requires you to perform legerdemain to place the autofocus point, depress the shutter halfway, recompose and press the shutter fully. In addition to the chance of accidentally refocusing after composing or missing the shot—this method absolutely ensures that one must focus before every single photograph. Absolutely impossible for action or portraiture.
Sensibly, most professional or prosumer cameras come with an AF-ON button near where the shooter’s right thumb rests. This separates the task of focusing and exposing, allowing the photographer to quickly focus and to capture the image even if focus is slightly off at the focus point. For portraits, kids, action, etc the camera has to have a hair-trigger. It has to be responsive. Manufacturer’s: stop shipping your cameras with this ham-fisted autofocus arrangement.
Now, the RX1 does not have an AF-ON button, but it does have an AEL button whose function can be changed to “MF/AF Control Hold” in the menu. Further, other buttons on the rear of the camera can also be programmed to toggle between AF and MF modes. What this all means is that you can work around the RX1’s buttons to make it’s focus work like a DSLR’s. (For those of you who are RX1 shooters, set the front switch to MF, the right control wheel button to MF/AF Toggle and the AEL button to MF/AF Control Hold and voila!) The end result is that, when powered on the camera is in manual focus mode, but the autofocus can be activated by pressing AEL, no matter what, however, the shutter is tripped by the shutter release. Want to switch to AF mode? Just push a button and you’re back to the standard modality.
Carrying.
I keep mine in a small, neoprene pouch with a semi-hard LCD cover and a circular polarizing filter on the front—perfect for buttoning up and throwing into a bag on my way out of the house. I have a soft release screwed into the threaded shutter release and a custom, red twill strap to replace the horrible plastic strap Sony provided. I plan to gaffer tape the top and the orange ring around the lens. Who knows, I may find an old Voigtlander optical viewfinder in future as well.
President Barack Obama, right, meets with Vietnamese Communist party secretary general Nguyen Phu Trong in the Oval Office of the White House, on Tuesday, July 7, 2015, in Washington. Trong is the de facto leader of Vietnam despite holding no official government post, and is visiting Washington to boost ties 20 years after the U.S. and Vietnam normalized relations following the Vietnam War. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
Hebron (Arabic: الخليل al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew: חֶבְרוֹן , Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron ), is located in the southern West Bank, 30 km (19 mi) south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judean Mountains, it lies 930 meters (3,050 ft) above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank and home to an estimated 175,000 Palestinians, and over 500 Jewish settlers concentrated in and around the old quarter. The city is most notable for containing the traditional burial site of the biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs and is therefore considered the second-holiest city in Judaism after Jerusalem. The city is also venerated by Muslims for its association with Abraham and was traditionally viewed as one of the "four holy cities of Islam."
Hebron is a busy hub of West Bank trade, responsible for roughly a third of the area's gross domestic product, largely due to the sale of marble from quarries. It is locally well known for its grapes, figs, limestone, pottery workshops and glassblowing factories, and is the location of the major dairy product manufacturer, al-Junaidi. The old city of Hebron is characterized by narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old bazaars. The city is home to Hebron University and the Palestine Polytechnic University.
Jewish settlement after the Six-Day War
After the Six-Day War in June 1967, Israel, according to the Allon Plan, was to exchange parts of the West Bank with Jordan in a proposal for trading land for peace, with Israel annexing 45% of the West Bank and Jordan the remainder.
Allon thought settlement would determine the country's borders, and submitted to the cabinet a proposal building a Jewish settlement near Hebron. David Ben-Gurion also considered that Hebron was the one sector of the conquered territories that should remain under Jewish control, and have a large Jewish settlement. Apart from its symbolic message to the international community, settling Hebron had a theological significance of cosmic dimensions in some quarters, in that:-
'David's kingdom was a model for the messianic kingdom. David began in Hebron, so settling Hebron would lead to final redemption.'
Much of the ensuing settlement was planned and financed by the Movement for Greater Israel. Failing to obtain a green light from the government, though with Allon's consent, on Passover in 1968, a group led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger rented the main hotel in Hebron as Swiss tourists, with Haim Drukman presiding over seder, and then refused to leave. A Druze border policeman who had assisted Levinger was shot the next day. The Labor government's survival depended on the National Religious Party, and was reluctant to evacuate the settlers, given the massacre that occurred decades earlier. After heavy lobbying by Levinger, the settlement gained the tacit support of Levi Eshkol and Yigal Allon, while it was opposed by Abba Eban and Pinhas Sapir.After more than a year and a half of agitation, and a bloody attack during Sukkot (October 9, 1968), in which a grenade was thrown, apparently by a Hebron boy, onto the mosque stairs wounding 47 Israeli and foreign visitors, the government agreed to legitimize Levinger's wildcat settlement by establishing a town on the outskirts of the city. in an abandoned military base, which was named Kiryat Arba, 'as if to make the place instantly ancient.' In 1979, a group of settlers led by Miriam Levinger moved into the Dabouia, or former Hadassah Hospital, now Beit Hadassah, in central Hebron, and founded the Committee of The Jewish Community of Hebron near the Abraham Avinu Synagogue. The take-over created severe conflict with Arab shopkeepers in the same area, who appealed twice to the Israeli Supreme Court, without success. With this precedent, in February of the following year, the Government legitimized residency in the city of Hebron proper.The pattern of settlement followed by an outbreak of hostilities with local Palestinians was repeated later at Tel Rumeida. The most violent episode occurred on the 2 May 1980 when 6 yeshiva students died, on the way home from Sabbath prayer at the Tomb of the Patriarchs, in a grenade and firearm attack. The event provided a major motivation for settlers near Hebron to join the Jewish Underground.
Supporters of Jewish resettlement within Hebron see their program as the reclamation of an important heritage dating back to Biblical times, which was dispersed or, it is argued, stolen by Arabs after the massacre of 1929.The purpose of settlement is to return to the 'land of our forefathers', and the Hebron model of reclaiming sacred sites in Palestinian territories has pioneered a pattern for settlers in Bethlehem and Nablus. Many reports, foreign and Israeli, are sharply critical of the settlers
Hebron was the one city excluded from the interim agreement of September 1995 to restore rule over all Palestinian West Bank cities to the Palestinian Authority Since The Oslo Agreement, violent episodes have recurred in the city. The Cave of the Patriarchs massacre took place on February 25, 1994 when Baruch Goldstein, an Israeli physician and resident of Kiryat Arba, opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the Ibrahimi Mosque, killing 29, and wounding 125 before the survivors overcame and killed him This event was condemned by the Israeli Government, and the extreme right-wing Kach party was banned as a result] The Israeli government also tightened restrictions on the movement of Palestinians in H2, closed their vegetable and meat markets, and banned Palestinian cars on Shuhada Street
The Jewish community has been subject to attacks by Palestinian militants, especially during the periods of the Intifadas; which saw 3 fatal stabbings and 9 fatal shootings in between the first and second Intifada (0.9% of all fatalities in Israel and the West Bank) and 17 fatal shootings (9 soldiers and 8 settlers) and 2 fatalities from a bombing during the second Intifada and thousands of rounds fired on it from the hills above the Abu-Sneina and Harat al-Sheikh neighbourhoods. 12 Israeli soldiers were killed (Hebron Brigade commander Colonel Dror Weinberg and two other officers, 6 soldiers and 3 members of the security unit of Kiryat Arba) in an ambush Two Temporary International Presence in Hebron observers were killed by Palestinian gunmen in a shooting attack on the road to Hebron
Israeli organization B'Tselem states that there have been "grave violations" of Palestinian human rights in Hebron because of the "presence of the settlers within the city." The organization cites regular incidents of "almost daily physical violence and property damage by settlers in the city", curfews and restrictions of movement that are "among the harshest in the Occupied Territories", and violence and by Israeli border policemen and the IDF against Palestinians who live in the city's H2 sector According to Human Rights Watch, Palestinian areas of Hebron are frequently subject to indiscriminate firing by the IDF, leading to many casualties. One former IDF soldier, with experience in policing Hebron, has testified to Breaking the Silence, that on the briefing wall of his unit a sign des ribing their mission aim was hung that read:"To disrupt the routine of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood." Hebron mayor Mustafa Abdel Nabi invited the Christian Peacemaker Teams to assist the local Palestinian community in opposition to what they describe as Israeli military occupation, collective punishment, settler harassment, home demolitions and land confiscation.
An international unarmed observer force—the Temporary International Presence in Hebron (TIPH) was subsequently established to help the normalization of the situation and to maintain a buffer between the Palestinian Arab population of the city and the Jews residing in their enclave in the old city. On February 8, 2006, TIPH temporarily left Hebron after attacks on their headquarters by some Palestinians angered by the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. TIPH came back to Hebron a few months later. On May 15, 2006, a member of a group who is a direct descendant of the 1929 refugees, urged the government to continue its support of Jewish settlement, and allow the return of eight families evacuated the previous January from homes they set up in emptied shops near the Avraham Avinu neighborhood. Beit HaShalom, established in 2007 under disputed circumstances, was under court orders permitting its forced evacuation All the Jews were expelled on December 3, 2008
Since early 1997, following the Hebron Agreement, the city has been divided into two sectors: H1 and H2. The H1 sector, home to around 120,000 Palestinians, came under the control of the Palestinian Authority. H2, which was inhabited by around 30,000 Palestinians, remained under Israeli military control to protect several hundred Jewish residents in the old Jewish quarter. A large drop has since taken place in the Palestinian population in H2, identified with the impact of extended curfews, strict restrictions on movement with 16 check-points in place, the closure of Palestinian commercial activities near settler areas, and settler harassment Survivors and descendants of that prior community are mixed. Some support the project of Jewish redevelopment, others commend living in peace with Hebronite Arabs, while a third group recommend a full pullout. Descendants supporting the latter views have met with Palestinian leaders in Hebron. In 1997 one group of descendants dissociated themselves from the settlers by calling them an obstacle to peace.
A total of 86 Jewish families now live in Hebron.
Post-Playtex Era Strong In Cullman
Chamber of Commerce weather greeted several dozen lactating women and their families at the Walmart Pavilion inside Heritage Park on Saturday morning.
The gathering celebrated the 4th annual BIG Latch On. This event ran from 10 am until noon.
Cullman County nursing mothers along with their husbands and other support members convened to breastfeed their babies in a supportive, lactation-friendly environment.
Ashley Wright, the lead organizer of this event, invited all area lactating moms as well as their friends, family, and community to come out and participate in the cause.
The BIG Latch On is an annual, global event that celebrates, promotes and supports breastfeeding.
The larger goal of the global BIG Latch On movement is to normalize breastfeeding.
There was a worldwide synchronization latch from 10:30 to 10:31 am Cullman time.
Groups of nursing moms and their supporters around the world either latched their babies, expressed milk or fed breast milk by spoon to their babies all at the same time across the world. It was a sacred, touching and profound moment at Heritage Park.
cullmantoday.com/2017/08/06/post-playtex-era-strong-in-cu...
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The 31st edition of the 2023 FISU Winter World University Games is set for January 11-22, . The preliminary round will be played in Canton, NY, before moving to Herb Brooks Arena Lake Placid NY 2019 - home of the 1980 Winter Olympics 'Miracle on Ice' . for the medal rounds
Unfortunately both Canadian TV networks CBC and CTV will not be televising this event on T.V. to Canadians ?
Results from games played at SUNY Canton Roos House
Thur Jan 12th - UKR 1 vs Canada 6
Fri Jan 13th - SWE 3 vs Canada 10
Sun Jan 15th - Japan 2 vs Canada 8
Tues Jan 17th - Latvia 0 vs Canada 9
Wed Jan 18th - Czech 0 vs Canada 4
Results from Olympic Center Lk Placid : final scores
Sat Jan 21,2023 Men's semis KAZ 1 vs Canada 4
Jan 21, 2023 Women's Gold medal game Japan 0 vs Canada 5
Sun,Jan 22, 2023 Men's bronze medal game KAZ 8 vs Japan 1
Sun Jan 22,2023 Men's Gold medal game USA 2 vs Canada 7
UNB selections: Winter World University Games
Brady Gilmour Forward UNB Grafton, ON #19
Austen Keating Forward UNB Guelph, ON #9
Adam McCormick Defence UNB Waterville, NB #8
AUS selections:
Justin MacPherson Defence SMU East Gwillimbury, ON
Matt Welsh Goaltender SMU Halifax, NS
Andrew Coxhead Forward SMU Bedford,NS
Liam Hawel Forward StFX Arnprior, ON
Matthew Struthers Forward StFX Milton, ON
Kyle Maksimovich Forward UPEI Hamilton, ON
TJ Shea Forward UPEI Tignish, PEI
Matthew Brassard Defence UPEI Barrie, ON
Justin Bergeron Defence UQTR Magog, QC
Kyle Bollers Forward Toronto Oshawa, ON
Brett Davis Forward Manitoba Oakbank, MB
Jared Dmytriw Forward Saskatchewan Craven, SK
Kai Edmonds Goaltender TMU Ottawa, ON
Noah King Defence Calgary Winnipeg, MB
Simon Lafrance Forward UQTR Saint-Eustache, QC
Zachary Lavigne Forward UQTR Drummondville, QC
Jacob Paquette Defence Queen’s Ottawa, ON
Roddy Ross Goaltender Saskatchewan Meadow Lake, SK
Scott Walford Defence McGill Coquitlam, BC
Jonathan Yantsis Forward Queen’s
.2025 TEAM CANADA FISU MEN'S HOCKEY ROSTER
F - Mathieu Bizier, Concordia Stingers
F - Connor Bowie, TMU Bold
F - Benjamin Corbeil, UNB Reds
F - Conor Frenette, UQTR Patriotes
F - Mathieu Gagnon, McGill Rebirds
F - Colson Gengenbach, Calgary Dinos
F - Mikael Huchette, Concordia Stingers
F - Samuel Huo, UBC Thunderbirds
F - Nolan Hutcheson, Queen's Gaels
F - Liam Keeler, Saskatchewan Huskies
F - Simon Lavigne, Concordia Stingers
F - Sasha Mutala, UBC Thunderbirds
F - Kaleb Pearson, UPEI Panthers
F - William Rouleau, McGill Redbirds
D - Charlie Callaghan, StFX X-Men
D - Jack Duff - Queen's Gaels
D - Kurtis Henry, UPEI Panthers
D - Jake Lee, UBC Thunderbirds
D - Kale McCallumn, UNB Reds
D - Loris Rafanomezantsoa, UQTR Patriote
G - Kai Edmonds, TMU Bold
G - Francesco Lapenna, Ottawa Gee-Gees
G - Samuel Richard, UNB Reds
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Some relevant School news clippings,
Feb 24, 2022 - Wolfville, N.S. Acadia University. The Acadia University Professors strike enters its 4th week ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51901774104
Sept 30th 2022 - Artificial Intelligence has struck the good ole hockey game ? Acadia Axeman hockey at Andrew H. McCain Arena goes paperless ? The Official paper program no longer being handed out to the paying customer ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52395343477
January 22, 2024 - Canada sets two-year cap on foreign students. The cap will result in a decrease of 35% in approved study permits.
www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68059996
Dec 14,2021 - Don't all members matter ? Discrimination shown towards non-school community members at Acadia Athletics during Covi. A posted official notice at Acadia reads : "The Acadia Athletics complex will be closed to community drop-ins, community memberships, and external rentals until further notice , However,, Acadia staff, faculty and students, with proof of double vaccination, will continue to access the fitness center, pool and the arena for skating. "
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51748079885
International student fallout hits the bottom line.. Atlantic universities depend on international students for about 30 per cent of their enrollment.
universityaffairs.ca/news/international-student-fallout-h...
May 11th 2023 - A new race based policy has been announced at Acadia where almost half of seats for a new Course will be set aside and reserved only for members of certain racial or ethnic groups as specified by the University ? The Provincial Government has announced that a new nursing program is to be offered at Acadia University where approximately 50 percent of the seats are reserved only for African, Mi'kmaq and Indigenous students. The total number of annual seats set to increase to 63 ? When bearing in mind the current health care worker crisis and an urgent need for nursing grads, is it really wise or responsible to install race or ethnic restrictions that could eliminate many of those wanting to apply ? www2.acadiau.ca/about-acadia/newsroom/news-reader-page/ac...
Dec 27, 2021 - Playing the race card ? The Liberal Provincial Government could be on a slippery slope by choosing to use race to determine which applicants will get preferential treatment during a short supply emergency situation in an international health crisis ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51782360402/in/album-7...
The Supreme Court says colleges and universities can no longer take race into consideration as a specific basis for granting admission,
www.cnn.com/2023/06/29/politics/affirmative-action-suprem...
Free University for some ? B.C. university waives tuition for local First Nation students,
bc.ctvnews.ca/that-s-reconciliation-b-c-university-waives...
Aug 2023 - A new physician assistant program at Dalhousie U open to 24 students per year with preference given to applicants from Nova Scotia, atlantic.ctvnews.ca/n-s-invests-5-6-million-for-first-phy...
Oct 10, 2025 - R-Studio plays the race card ?
R-Studio, a local Halifax gym, initiates exclusive low price membership charge that is determined by what race you are ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsHpxm3yb7c&t=20s
June 11, 2025 - Maritime students struggling to find scarce summer jobs in Canada,
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/mission-impossible-mariti...
Tim Horton's appears to use racial profiling in its hiring policies ? Why aren't the Liberals upset over this inequality ? Kody Bloise Liberal Party, 101A-24 Harbourside drive Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2C1 Telephone: 902-542-4010
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54605482350/in/album-7...
Canada's Gen Z can't find jobs,, www.cbc.ca/news/business/youth-unemployment-rate-1.7549979
The Koncerned Kentvillian must ask, " why is it every time you gas up at Milne Court Petro-Can, New Minas Ultramar, KVille Ultramar and now the Big Stop, or go to the KFC for chicken, or Mary Browns, or the Burger King, or Subway, or all of the 3 Timmies for coffee, or Walmart, oe Needs, or receive a parcel from amazon, or attend the cash register post to pay a bill at many other stores, it feels like you're suddenly in a foreign country ? " What has happened to all of the friendly locals that used to hold these positions and were one of the main reasons that we all frequented these establishments ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54418705157/
Kody Bloise Liberal Party, 101A-24 Harbourside drive Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2C1 Telephone: 902-542-4010 Fax: 902-542-4184
Is there an identity crisis looming in Kentville ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52094330358/in/album-7...
Canada's post-secondary industry predicts storm ahead, as budget cuts shrink courses, staff,
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/post-secondary-cuts-1.7387175
July 1, 2021 - the Prime Minister of Canada will not be celebrating Canada Day this year claiming that for some Canada Day isn't a day to celebrate." Wha-a-a-a-t -t-t ??? www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-day-political-reaction-1....
U of T Toronto, Jun 27, 2023 - " She Sung it her Way "
Jully "I Sung it my Way" Black makes up her own personalized and politicized, 'our home on native land' version of the Canadian National anthem in performance at Toronto university graduation. Black was asked to perform her unique way to sing Canada's national anthem to reflect the core values of the U of T law program ? www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/jully-black-tmu-law-school...
Dec 16th 2023 - O Canada is sung in Punjabi at the NHL Jets hockey game in Winnipeg Manitoba,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKifMtbbyJg
2026 Calgary Stampede - Punjabi cowboys at the Stampede ?
x.com/CelticAshes/status/2082533482106872200
March 18, 2025 - Professors, students say Nova Scotia university bill threatens academic freedoms,
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/professors-st...
March 4th, 2025 - Trump issues a ban on 'illegal' college protests as he threatens students with arrest and deportation,
www.lbc.co.uk/usa/politics/trump-issues-ban-on-illegal-co...
April 9, 2025 - Trump administration freezes $1 billion in funding for Cornell University, $790 million for Northwestern University ,,
www.cnn.com/2025/04/09/us/cornell-northwestern-federal-fu...
Jan 20,2026 - Trump hates wind turbines ? ‘so pathetic and so bad .. You might notice that China makes and sells them but they will never use them .'
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wkHCSbSwkw
5th Mar 5th, 2025 - U.S. funding freeze affecting both American and international exchange students and major US scholarship funders
monitor.icef.com/2025/03/us-funding-freeze-affecting-both...
Trump protecting historic statues - enacts 10 years in jail penalty for harming or defacing historical statues,, www.cbsnews.com/video/trump-signs-executive-order-enactin...
February 10, 2025 - Acadia University announces permanent pool closure, discontinues varsity swim team - will close its swimming pool on June 15, 2025,
Students chose Acadia because of the swim team and many parents got calls “from their kids – in tears – devastated.”
Acadia Aquatics,
recreation.acadiau.ca/aquatics.html
How not to park at Hennigers farm Market Greenwich,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54788130883
Sept 13th, 2025 - Acadia Axemen and Dal Tigers hockey teams cross the Dal strikers picket line to play an Exhibition game at Dalhousie University ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54784598896/in/photost...
Town of Wolfville breaking the law, obstructing traffic, while creating a safety hazard ? Making trip to and from hockey games has become a real challenge ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54710009955/in/photost...
Sep 29, 2025 - Wolfville now studying ways to solve their traffic congestion problem along Main Street ? University access has become challenging ?
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/wolfville-nova-scotia-...
Gambling in amateur Sport ? CBC has introduced gambling into its coverage of the Olympic games? In a groundbreaking move and for the first time ever, CBC will include gambling in its live coverage of Olympic events ?
Paris Olympics 2024 - It appears that CBC has partnered with one particular online Casino company and BetRivers is running sports betting ads during the televising of Olympic sporting events ? Is the inclusion of a Casino and a Sports betting parlor that runs sports betting during Olympic events appropriate when considering the principles and high moral standard exemplified by the Olympic Games ?
Aug 22 2024, the Minister of hypocrisy, oops, I mean the Minister of Health Mark Holland and his Liberal Government have passed legislation to enable massive gambling in Canada ? And now NHL heros past and present like Wayne Gretzky, Austin Matthews and Connor McDavid can be found in TV gambling commercials, online gambling ads, and pasted onto huge billboards that promote sports gambling ? But Holland seems more worried about Zonnic, a smoking cessation product that helps to quit a bad habit and sold only to those over 19 and always kept hidden away from view under the counter in stores ?
Fans confused ? After Mark Holland comments on Zonnic and vociferously proclaims that, "All the stuff that's clearly designed to target youth — It's over", we are now seeing NHL Superstar heroes play starring roles in glamorous new bet MGM ads to promote gambling ? Numerous complaints were filed. And so they eased away from this image of a Sports hero who encourages and participates in gambling although McDavid's image itself was never seperated from the gambling vice or the lucrative gambling industry ? A new corrected version now shows Connor as an ambassador for safe and responsible gambling when you gamble ? But isn't it still gambling ? see news article, "Connor McDavid's latest gambling ad with Bet MGM sparks outrage among his fans,"
www.sportskeeda.com/us/nhl/news-disgusted-started-gamblin...
Betano - A message to the kids from a sports hero mentor- "are you a good player, or a great player". Betano gambling ads associate words like 'good and great' with gambling ?
Jul 22, 2026 - In their ongoing quest for notoriety, the powers-that-be have ordered cigarette packages to be re engineered and re-designed not to make room for the addition of more product but instead to increase the showcase area size of the package cover ? The added space will be needed to accommodate a fresh new series of 13 upgraded ultra sickening pictures and warnings that are to be added to the existing 73 others now over-crowding current package covers ? Messages will also be added to the extended upper flap hidden inside cigarette packages says Karine LeBlanc.
Do these one track minded people really think they are actually helping find a cure for cancer by continually satisfying their own egos and exercising their own personal vendettas over and over again against one of the thousands of possible causes of cancer that they themselves don't happen to like ?
www.cbc.f ca/news/health/canada-graphic-image-warnings-ciga...
What if they were to advertise a safe way to smoke cigarettes to get more clients ? Sound ridiculous ? But is this not the same as advertising gambling as 'safe'? Don'it these safe gambling ads serve to welcome, endorse and normalize gambling which can be a dangerous and life altering highly addictive habit ?
May 25,2022 - The big gambling companies are running ads that emphasize 'limited play' and 'safe' gambling ? Is this not the same as the alcohol industry running drinking ads that encourage drinking alcohol by telling you how many cocktails to safely drink per day, or, how about the tobacco industry running ads that promote safe smoking by recommending an amount of cigs to safely smoke per day, or the marijuana industry recommending the number of joints to safely get high on each day ? Or, what if they spin : You're 'good' if you drink but You're 'great' if you safe drink, or, you're 'good' if you smoke cigarettes but You're 'great' if you safe smoke only so many cigarettes per day, or , you're 'good' if you smoke pot but you're 'great' if you only smoke this many grams per day ? ref, "All those sports betting ads you're seeing,, It's illegal says the Alberta gaming commission ? www.cbc.ca/player/play/2302654019728
Are University student loans being gambled away ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54775209530/in/photost...
Targeting youth for gambling ? gambling ads - The aggressive marketing of a highly addictive social vice to sports fans both young and old ? www.cbc.ca/news/marketplace/sports-betting-gambling-adver...
Feb 4th 2025, Bell Let's Talk ? Abandoning your Unionized Maritimes telephone workers, refusing to talk to them and leaving them out on the Street for 5 Months does not contribute to good mental health ? U Ottawa Scotty suggests that the internet, mobile phones and Social media are taking a heavy toll on the mental health and overall mental well being of today's society ? And so maybe there's some hypocrisy shown by the giant media mogul Bell Canada who might just be the biggest contributor and profit taker from a national crisis ? www.youtube.com/shorts/31f3sZndK6w
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51844732131/in/album-7...
This year Canadian Taxpayers will pay $1.5 billion dollars to subsidize the CBC ?
site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/documents/impact-and-accountabil...
June 28,2021, O Canada at the Stanley Cup Finals ? CBC plays an upsetting and unflattering version of the Canadian National Anthem ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/51829474529/in/album-7...
January 11-22, 2023 - CBC doesn't seem eager to push, promote or publicize male gender hockey like the AHL, WHL, ECHL, U Sports University level or Men's Junior hockey ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52640201721/in/datepos...
Halifax, Canada Jan 2023 - This time around the IIHF men's World Juniors hockey tournament will be held in Canada. No games were shown on CBC, and many Canadians were unable to watch Canada's finest male gender Junior hockey players incl Connor Badard play in their home Country and win the Gold for Canada ?
However, although CBC ignored and failed to televise all IIHF Men's junior hockey games played on public T.V. they did make sure to televise daily news reports and grant loads of air time on an alleged past scandal that had involved a previous men's IIHF Junior hockey team ? cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-...
Justin says Goodbye Don't cry for me O my Canada.
Jan 06, 2025 - Trudeau resigns as prime minister, Prorogues Parliament until March 24 2025,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54385355629/
Caste system Canada ? The NDP 2023 Leadership Convention - Is this really Canada ? It seems that the NDP Party has adopted a caste system ( like the system they use over in India ) ? Delegates here must wear caste identifiable yellow or white tags ? Master, Mistress, person or whatever of Ceremonies instructs those who declare themselves as white and male gender to get to the back of the line ? Other identities, or those with yellow tags can go to the front of the line and speak first ?
playing the race card ? Apr 3, 2026 - NDP Leadership Convention uses 'racial equity cards' to identify and categorize people by their race and color ? black and red before white after yellow or green etc, etc ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMtHsUTBrt8
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDV7ImXwTPI
2026 NDP Leadership Convention - Was Hitler's hairdresser here ? Some pretty weird stuff going on,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqhIBsaHzCg
Lost in Space________Episode # 1_______Death to Deniers !
Danger - Will Robinson, Danger !
These fine ladies want to see prison sentences handed down to individuals who dare to be themselves and to think independently and are calling anyone with a different opinion from theirs to be a denier or a hater ?
No one denies the existence of residential schools. And so why are Leah Gazan (NDP), Lindsay Mathyssen (NDP), Nahanni Fontaine (NDP) and Kimberley Murray (Liberal Government investigator) so dissatisfied and why are they trying to force their own radical ego-driven personal viewpoints based on as yet unproven allegations on everyone else ? Why do they want you to think the way they think, believe what they believe, and be forced ( by law ) to accept their unique, extreme, selfish and self-serving narrative, (that they get paid for) as being Gods' truth, and,, if you dare resist then you are to be labelled hater or denier and will become a criminal that could be sent to jail for up to life in prison under the law enshrined in Bill C-63 or C-9 that they are all pushing for ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZU7NEzs3Gk
Sep 27, 2024 - Death to Deniers - Winnipeg Superstar M.P. Leah Gazan wants you to think like she thinks and be just like her,, or else 'watch out' ?
Narcissistic NDP MP Leah Gazan has introduced her bill in Parliament that calls for criminal charges to be laid on all those who ‘deny’ her own Leah Gazan personal narrative regarding the (unproven) discovery of 215 children' bodies found in a well hidden mass grave in Kamloops, and that Canada is a genocidal nation ? Her Bill C-413 calls for the extremely serious charge of spreading hate to be placed on anyone who she says is promoting hatred against the Indigenous peoples by challenging, questioning, denying or disagreeing with Leah Gazan's unique personal position on this subject ?
www.lifesitenews.com/news/new-democrat-mp-introduces-bill...
What Is Truth ?
"If you are strictly one-sided with any opinion, you’re incredibly ignorant".
UBC Jan 22, 2026 - An entire generation of students that grew up attending the Canadian public school system during the Trudeau Liberal era ( 2015 thru 2025 ) have reached post secondary age and are arriving at University in a heavily indoctrinated state of mind with extremely one-sided only, uni-opinion attitudes that they express in a coercive and even physical threatening way ? Violent gangs of young masked and gagged orange shirted student protestors, tribalism, mind control, far left radical activism and propaganda posters hanging in an Authoritarian environment where free will, open debate or speaking truth has become a crime was to be seen recently at the U of B.C. ? This might sound Orwellian, but actually it's the University of B.C. in Vancouver a Canadian institute of higher learning that gets over a billion dollars per year of public funding ? Frances Widdowson, "Without truth and without freedom, our Universities will die." www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihsLPodE9R0
Ace CBC reporter Jordan Tucker ? In her interview assignment for CBC with Professor Widdowson, Jordan says that she thinks around 6000 childrens bodies have been found so far on first nation reservation schools, and that, to her, ( a salaried journalist for CBC ) the truth is not really a top priority ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ik61NGwXas&t=58s
Residential schools. After three years of searching for bodies and a cost to taxpayers of $216.5 million, not a single set of human remains have been found ?
thecatholicherald.com/article/failure-to-find-bodies-ends...
U of Vic claims 215 but Frances and Dallas say Zero ?
What Is Truth ?
Dec 3rd 2025, Frances and Dallas visit the U of Vic in Victoria B.C. and discover a mass indoctrination of impressionable young minds ? Open free thinking and freedom of speech were discouraged here ? Asking questions that ruffle some feathers or challenge the status quo are not wanted on this campus ? Challenging what is taught here can get you abused or even carted off to jail ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=u53G5WBpVmc
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSRn8BzpvLc
May 28th, 2026 - If we believe massive untruths being told to us, then our democracies will collapse,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2pd8-F2p0A&t=17s
Feb 24th, 2026 - Lethbridge, "You're not welcome here !" Welcome to the University of Lethbridge where manners are ignored, physical manhandling is allowed, etiquette is absent, and where students use threats of bodily harm, chant ancient tribal war cries and bang out continuous monotone loud drumming noise to injure ear drums to drown out the opposition during debate ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2Moi7VM7xI
Apr 26th, 2026 - A whited sepulchre University set in the windy city of Lethbridge - Following yet another arrest and another trip in the paddy wagon, Frances Widdowson pleads with Alberta Premier Danielle Smith to help re-enforce the basic rule of truth based on free and independent thinking in our public schools once again ? "Without truth and without freedom, our Universities will die."
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfPix14aMIc
UBC Jan 22,2026 - Counter viewpoint reporters attacked and have to run for their lives ?
UBC zombie apocalypse, Jan 22,2026
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIpTnyH_Zg
2021, Major Canadian Party leader Jagmeet Singh attacks his own Country calling it genocidal ? Jag says that he knows of 215 bodies that were found in hidden unmarked mass graves in Kamloops and this clearly shows him that Canada is a genocidal nation ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQb3GZx_ZR0
2021 - Dr. Timothy Rahilly, President Mt. Royal College in Calgary - When Rahilly hears of a story that unmarked graves may have been found at a Kamloops B.C. residential school the President of Mt. Royal College quickly turns on his University PA system and immediately makes an official announcement to the entire student body that 215 children have just been found buried in a mass unmarked grave at the Kamloops B.C. residential school and that a shaken, shameful, and perhaps genocidal nation, is heartbroken ? One of the senior teachers at his University has asked for evidence to support such a monumental and newly discovered horrible allegation and he has fired her ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=esGhB3uNHwA
www.youtube.com/watch?v=esGhB3uNHwA
Mar 23,2026 - Mt. Royal College, " my spider sense is tingling "
Is Mt. Royal College in Calgary making the kids Crazy ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPQNM063-lY
"What are they doing to our kids" ? Many Parents contribute for years into Registered Education Savings Plans that are to be turned over to Universities on behalf of their Children,
www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/education/education-sa...
Apr 29, 2026 - Vancouver School Board to introduce an Orwellian concept known as 'unlearning' into their system ? They are also re-naming schools from historic English names to instead Indigenous names that cannot be pronounced and use letters not found on the standard keyboard ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrC4GB4wURI
Vancouver March 12, 2026 - Have Liberal backroom land transfer deals with first nations already transpired as the Eby provincial NDP government pretended to look the other way ? The Indians may now own property rights in and around Vancouver ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT2DqPzulos
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/musqueam-rights-r...
March 12, 2026 - treachury or treason ? B.C.'s Eby Government may be giving Canada away while insulting veterans who fought to secure and retain it ? Led by Spencer Herbert it seems the NDP party in B.C. want to give Canada land rights away without first asking Canadians for permission ? www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVTzJWE86go
March 12, 2026 - What NDP Spencer Herbert is trying to do with property rights in B.C. was recently defeated in a fellow Province's Highest Court ? New Brunswick's supreme court ruled that Aboriginal Title Cannot Co-Exist with Fee Simple Title,, www.fasken.com/en/knowledge/2026/01/new-brunswick-court-o...
2025 Canadian Election - Democracy denied by double crossers ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55228615842
March 09, 2026, Canada’s Bill C-3 "An Act to amend the Citizenship Act" - New Liberal legislation allows Canadian citizenship to be passed down over multiple generations back to as far as caveman days, and means many millions of non vetted individuals are now eligible to automatically be Canadian ? www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.7120945
March 14, 2026 - In a completely contrary position to that of Canada, the country of Italy has restricted Italian citizenship for anyone born abroad. Italy has enacted a ruling that tells millions with Italian roots that they have lost the right to their citizenship,
www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/italy-ruling-tells-millions-...
March 12, 2026 - Acadia University reducing staff levels amid ‘financial pressures’? 31 Acadia positions eliminated. University monetary chaos affecting not only the institutions but also the broader economy. Financial difficulties stem from capped international student enrollments, increased costs of high-end employment, and draconian funding cuts by provincial government. These have all led to job cuts, program reductions, and even campus closures. The financial strain on universities is expected to continue, with further announcements of layoffs and program cuts are likely to come soon. www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/nova-scotia/article/acadia-univer...
Mar 4th, 2026 - Canada grants $100 million in scholarships for students in India ? This comes on the heels of PM Carney's trip to India.
www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx1VHElLBjsSwpz5-CK3P4SsNdrZmGdelS
feb 25, 2026 - Drastic University cuts implemented in latest Nova Scotia Provincial budget. Tim Houston's PC government is reducing funding for all Universities incl the PhD programs in education at Acadia,
www.halifaxexaminer.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Grant-R...
February 26, 2026 - Vulnerable hard hit starving Nova Scotia university students who struggle daily with the high cost of living in Nova Scotia prepare for a week-long strike to protest the provincial education cut, the cuts to advanced education grants, and they are demanding tuition reductions and divestment from fossil fuel dollars,
globalnews.ca/video/11708934/n-s-university-students-prep...
George Orwell's dark prediction has just come true.
London England, Apr 22,2026 - The British Parliament has just enacted legislation to install a form of Orwellian Totalitarian rule into current democratic English society that allows for the installment of Government social control in the form of mandatory lifetime probationary orders to be placed on certain selected unwary citizens without asking their permission who will then be state monitored from birth to death to insure compliance is met on the legal lifetime probation order that is attached to them ? Rob Cunningham and his Cancer Society are boldly crusading for residents of his democratic home country of Canada to lose their current freedom and also be forced into this Orwellian social control ? www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/uk-agrees-ban-on-cigarette-s...
Dec 13th, 2025 - this could be a bit rich ? The top doctor for Nova Scotia is advertising smoking for the liquor store ? Dr. Robert Strang Chief Medical Officer of Health now appearing in TV ads that endorse the (safe) smoking of pot while he represents Provincially owned liquor stores ? It's also a bit rich that Rob Cunningham and his Canadian Cancer Society don't appear to have any problem at all with these smoking ads ?
www.facebook.com/watch/?v=4190201767960744
May 29th, 2026, Kentville Memorial Park, the ABF Friday night concert, ( Can the good ole days of dollar dogs and bargain Big 8 soda pop be over) ? High level security protocol established for an evening of food wagons and kids bouncy castles ? ( must have taken up most of their budget at the sacrifice of bringing in some quality outside live entertainment) ? Town calls in outside police to reinforce local Kentville police, cordons off entire ground zero event perimeter with road blocks, street barricades and manned guard check posts to enforce maximum level traffic control that, unfortunately, has made patrons including seniors, the disabled, toddlers, and Mothers carrying babies have to park and walk from a fair distance to get to the park gates ? Also, in past years concert organizers always brought in special outside guest rock bands, and always featured interesting games, demonstrations and displays, and there was always a visit from the Queen Annapolisa Royal party following the prestigious coronation ceremony in Wolfville, However, unfortunately, this years event seems to have deteriorated into some kind of a Children's outdoor romper room type family show featuring food trucks, inflatable air bouncy castles and a local band featured as the star main stage performer ? There's not much to do or see for those exceeding the elementary school level other than maybe purchase some food from a food truck that charges upscale restaurant prices and then dine on a paper plate using plastic utensils while standing in a crowd of unruly kids and being lustfully observed by some nearby saliva drooling pet dogs leashed to their owners ? However, thanks to the heightened security and upscale traffic control there was a report of one parking violator being successfully apprehended and a runaway pet was also captured and returned to its owner ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54558198569/in/photost...
A cultural genocide is going on in Kentville ? Why is it always Kentville ? Now it's the library ? First came the loss of the Railway and Day-liner service back in 1989, then Kings council expropriated the local Airport and evicted the many other established aviation schools and businesses, they had tried to take Grand street parade away from Kentville in 2017, and then we lost the famous Cornwallis Inn logo and the 88 yrs old statue in Halifax was torn down, they then terminated Apple Blossom Princess Kentville and ended the 87 consecutive years of the Queen Annapolisa pageant. Kentville lost a huge amount of diversity provided by the many nearby villages that always participated in the Festival, as well as a termination of the Princess teas, the Coronation, and all of the popular mid-week public outdoor entertainment always held at Memorial Park during ABF week ? And now they appear to be after the popular long time Kentville Library ?
After the Town terminated many traditional sources of public enjoyment while never offering any similar replacement, and as Kentville is gradually approaching cultural ghost town status, it is noticable that the downtown business core (in which the Mayor has a major private business interest ) has been totally renovated and restored to pristine condition by way of a complete 100 % makeover beautification program complete with new installations of street paving, street paint, new double sidewalks on both sides, new driveway entrances, new curb and gutter both sides, signage and flower pots ? And the other three surrounding streets making up this downtown business block have also been totally upgraded including Aberdeen Street (twice), Cornwallis Street and Main Street ?
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/annapolis-valley-libra...
www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/video/2026/06/02/funding-cuts-lea...
May 09, 2026 A cyberattack has hit universities worldwide, including top Canadian schools. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canvas-cyber-attack-canadian-unive...
CBC News · Posted: May 12, 2026 - the boys are falling behind the girls in school. A new Quebec report says boys are systemically disadvantaged in the school system ? The high school dropout rate for boys is 27.1 per cent, while for girls it's 19.9 per cent.
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/boys-falling-behind-in-school-9.71...
Kentville - Honey they shrunk the stage ? More downsizing of the historic Memorial Park Friday night rock concert and the ongoing deterioration of the world famous Annapolis Valley Apple Blossom Festival ? Bring back Eddies Basement ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55295377420/in/photost...
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Some relevant main media news clippings,
PWHL - CBC provides new Pro Women's Hockey League with media support, lucrative air time, advertising, coast to coast live game coverage, player bios and game each week complete with hosting and analysis,, "CBC/Radio-Canada is the official broadcaster of the Professional Women's Hockey League". However, CBC has shown a different attitude when it comes to supporting or televising male gender pro sporting events such as the Grey Cup, the Calgary Stampede events, FIFA, Copa America international men's soccer football and men's IIHF World Juniors ? And so, many Canadians unable to watch many male pro athletes like Acadia Axemen Bailey Feltmate in the Grey Cup, or Nova Scotia's Jacob Shaffelburg in the Copa international Men's soccer tournament or Connor Badard in the IIHF World Men's Juniors hockey tournament ?
cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-... cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/official-broadcaster-...
CBC doesn't seem eager to televise any of the Men's soccer or Men's CFL pro football on T.V. ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52512969092/in/album-7...
Jun 11, 2024 - Halifax Tides - CBC really pushing the new Women's Pro soccer league ? CBC providing main media support with full game T.V. coverage for the brand new start-up Women's Pro soccer league. CBC will broadcast eight regular-season matches. A "Game of the Week" will co-stream simultaneously on CBC Gem and NSL.ca,
www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cbc-radio-canada-broadcast-agree...
Thanks to CBC, fans are now able to follow female gender University athletes like Mya Harnish, who has just turned Pro . www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54482565652/in/photost...
This year the Canadian Taxpayer will pay out $1.5 billion dollars to subsidize CBC ?
site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/documents/impact-and-accountabil...
Breathtaking salaries at CBC/Radio-Canada ? CBC President and CEO Catherine Tait had a base salary range of $390,300 to $459,100 in 2019 ? Why should someone who is actually a public servant whose salary is paid by taxpayers make more than the Prime Minister of Canada ? tnc.news/2022/01/26/cbc-salaries-include-125-senior-direc...
Apr 04, 2025 - Mark Carney pledges a $150M boost to the 'underfunded' CBC ? And says a new Liberal government will make CBC funding statutory ? Last year CBC received an all time record 1.4 billion in taxpayer funding and their CEO Catherine Tait, made more than the Prime Minister ?
www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mark-carney-cbc-funding-1.7501902
February 20th 2023 Jully " I Sung it My Way" Black makes headlines when changing the lyrics and singing her own personal 'our home on native land' politicized version of the Canadian National anthem at the NBA All-Star Game in Salt Lake City, Utah ?
www.iheartradio.ca/news/jully-black-sings-o-canada-with-s...
O Canada at the 2023 Calgary Stampede - Crowd sings the original "in all thy Sons command" National anthem before they changed it. www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53044391089
July 2023 - Katherine Henderson is appointed to take over and thereby become the first female CEO and President of Hockey Canada ,
www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/katherine-henderson-hockey-canad...
No more hockey fighting : This league now plans to ban them dailyhive.com/vancouver/hockey-fights-ban-qmjhl
Skate Canada Dec 13, 2022 - Canada to revolutionize rules of international Sport ? Canadian trail blazers led by President Karen Butcher push to change historic Patrs and Ice dancing rules from the current male and female only gender roles ?
theprovince.com/sports/other-sports/skate-canada-redefine...
A Federal audit has found that Hockey Canada did not use public funds for legal settlements.
discoverhumboldIcom/articles/federal-audit-finds-hockey-...
NHL moves away from Pride jerseys - advocates are disappointed, www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nhl-special-jersey-announcement-re...
Nov 20th, Grey Cup 2022 - Many Canadian households unable to watch the Toronto Argos win the 2022 Grey Cup game by a score of 24 to 23 because both CBC/Radio-Canada and the Bell media owned CTV did not (and never do) schedule or televise this iconic purely Canadian event for T. V. viewing ? CBC had instead scheduled an unknown variety show being held in the USA for this historic Grey Cup Sunday night time slot ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52512969092/in/photost...
CBC quits Twitter when Twitter calls them, "a government-funded media" ?
www.cbc.ca/news/world/cbc-twitter-government-funded-media...
Apr 27th 2023 , Bill C-11 - A controversial bill to regulate online streaming becomes law. Bill C-11, which will force streaming platforms to contribute to funding Canadian content. Critics say the bill is too ambiguous, with many issues unresolved.
www.cbc.ca/news/politics/c11-online-streaming-1.6824314
Nov 11th, 2023 - The Liberal Government has ordered Canadian Military not to use or recite Christian prayers like the Lord's Prayer at this year's Remembrance Day ceremonies ? No such order has been given to the other religious denominations ?
www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/gunter-we-will-always-pray-f...
Jul 31, 2026 - New Canadian military policy discourages mention of God at ceremonies, nationalpost.com/news/canada/new-policy-discourages-relig...
The Grey Cup Nov 19th 2023, Hamilton Canada - Why aren't both Canadian major media moguls CTV and CBC televising the 2023 Grey Cup game on public T.V. for Canadians to view on Grey Cup Sunday in Canada ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53338415225
Religious intolerance ? Have a very Merry Christmas Canada ? The Canadian Human Rights Commission ( fully funded by the federal Liberal Government) declares that the celebration of Christmas is evidence of Canada’s colonialist religious intolerance. www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWmuDidYTiY
www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWmuDidYTiY
Dec 31 2023 - Question to the CBC about this year's New Years Eve celebrations ? Is New Years Eve a public holiday that has become inappropriate to celebrate in Canada ? For the first time ever in memory, CBC will not be broadcasting the traditional New Years Eve 2024 Party, the stage show or the countdown ? CBC says they can't afford it ? www.msn.com/en-ca/entertainment/other/cbc-to-skip-new-yea...
Bell Canada is a proud Canadian media mogul ? It's time for the Super Bowl LVIII in the USA and prior to the big game CTV has been flooding North American airways with Superbowl ads promoting full CTV coverage of the upcoming game in Las Vegas Nevada. They then broadcast 10 straight hours of prime time uninterrupted live T.V. coverage of the American sporting event to Canadians from the United States ? However, on the other hand, back home in their home country of Canada, they don't broadcast anything at all, nothing (zero) blanco, zilch, silencio, not even 1 minute of TV coverage of their own 2024 Canadian Grey Cup game for fellow Canadians to enjoy ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53523500175/in/datepos...
Feb 2024 - Halifax Nova Scotia,
Bell media has isolated and placed the citizens of Atlantic Canada in jeopardy when choosing cost cutting over public safety ?
Feb 2024 - Halifax Nova Scotia, Bell media and CTV have eliminated many crucial hours of local and community news reporting in Atlantic Canada ?
Recent Bell Canada Corporate decisions have left Maritimers in a weakened and vulnerable position ? The East Coast Provinces of Canada appear to be the target of severe local prime time news cancellations that have left Maritimers without their eagerly anticipated crucial daily Noon hour news updates that are normally broadcast each and everyday during the week ? ATV viewers will now be forced to tune into the other station where CBC tends to mainly run world international news and only a small select choice of Provincial news, along with live news conferences put on by the PM or other members of the Liberal party ?
Aside from terminating the weekday ATV Noon hour news show, CTV has also downsized in half the very popular and iconic , 'ATV live at five' 5 P.M. local community news program, (prompting long time popular host Jason Baxter to seek early retirement) ? Adding to the devastating loss, Bell has also terminated all weekend Saturday and Sunday local news reports that currently run on ATV ? The cancellation and elimination of so many local news broadcasts in Atlantic Canada will surely threaten the safety and security of the people especially now that there's a 24 hour local news blackout for 2 full days each and every weekend and as much as 3 consecutive days on every holiday long weekend ? And so it seems that arch rival CBC has taken over the major share of prime time live local news programming in the Maritimes ? Meanwhile, Bell is blaming the Liberal Government's new Bill C-18 for having to slash many prime time hours of local and Provincial news coverage in the Maritimes ?
broadcastdialogue.com/most-noon-local-ctv-newscasts-cance...
Halifax, Feb 1st 2024 - Bell Canada blames Liberal Government Bill C-18 for having to slash so many hours of critical local and Provincial news coverage in the Maritime area ?
broadcastdialogue.com/most-noon-local-ctv-newscasts-cance...
the CBC Junos 2024, Halifax, Mar 24th - CBC and Liberal Heritage Minister seem more interested in politics than music ? itsthe4thquarter.blogspot.com/2024/03/junos-2024-halifax-...
Angry Canadian - Canadian juno awards ? where ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNieEg-_d1k
Is this a A Stanley Cup cruel joke ? Edmonton, June 2nd, 2024 ? Fans upset after CBC broadcasts the first 5 games of the Men's NHL Dallas vs Oilers series, and then, without warning and for no logical reason, CBC blacked out the critical and most important climactic final game that saw Edmonton win and gain entry into the Stanley Cup finals ? It remains unclear why CBC would do this ? Was it arrogance, or was it to be mean spirited, or was it a gender bias issue due to this being Men's pro hockey, or was it maybe a lesson given out to remind Canadians just who is running this Countries main media and who controls the programming ? www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=web&rct=j&url=...
The Koncerned Kentvillian must ask, "What Country shows sad and upsetting images of itself when playing its National Anthem on the World stage before an international audience ?" www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/44424045874/
July 5th, 2024 Jacob Shaffelburg (Pt Williams Nova Scotia) Men's soccer - Unfortunately, CBC doesn't seem to broadcast or sponsor men's soccer and will not televise the Men's Copa soccer tournament ? However, you can still enjoy women's gender soccer on CBC as they will be giving support and full television coverage to the Women's National team and the new Women's pro soccer league and soon to the new Women's pro basketball league ? www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cbc-radio-canada-broadcast-agree... ? -
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53839077022/in/photost...;
June 29th, 2024 - Bailey Feltmate (Acadia U, Wolfville N.S.) - CBC doesn't appear to support men's football anymore, and so most Canadians won't be able to watch graduating male gender university athletes like Bailey perform in the pros ? However, fans will be able to watch the graduating female gender athletes perform as CBC will provide cross Canada media support and live coverage of the new start-up Women's pro soccer league, and the new Women's pro hockey league, and also the upcoming Women's pro basketball league ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53855066488/in/datepos...
2024 Paris Olympics - CBC's Olympic coverage seems to favor the female gender when giving full game coverage to female team events while the male gender athletes receive only limited coverage with short clips from their events ?
www.cbc.ca/mediacentre/program/olympic-games-paris-2024
Jul 25, the 2024 Paris Olympics - CBC airs start to finish ganmes including the Women's team soccer games, the Women's beach-ball games, Women's rugby games, Women's basketball games, water polo and more ? Watch CBC live full game coverage of Womems team sports from St-Etienne, France heavy.com/sports/olympics/canada-soccer-bev-priestman-dro...
Grey Cup Nov 17th 2024 - Why does CBC continually boycot the Grey Cup ? Everyone else is here, but where's CBC ?
Once again this year CBC has totally distanced itself from this historic nation uniting sports tradition and will not cover nor live broadcast the long running Grey Cup game to Canadians ? However, CBC has instead covered a relatively unknown Women's tennis sports event named after the Battle of Sexes winner and Women in sports advocate Billie Jean King that is being held overseas in another country ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54147303159/in/album-7...
March 30th Vancouver B.C. - Michael Bublé seems free to plug his private business products while hosting CBC's 2025 Juno Awards ? Is it appropriate for CBC to allow their salaried MC paid for by the taxpayer of Canada to take advantage of freely advertising private outside business products ? www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/54607761592/in/album-7...
2025 2026 Calgary Stampede- CBC's refusal to show the Calgary Stampede on national T.V. ? CBC doesn't broadcast Calgary events including the Parade ? You'll have to subscribe to a specialty channel if you are interested in this famous Canadian standard ? www.tomsguide.com/entertainment/sports/watch-calgary-stam...
July 13th 2025 - Pro Rodeo and chuckwagon fans left out ? CBC Sports programming does not include this years fifty thousand dollar rodeo finals of the world famous Calgary Stampede ?
Jul 13, 2025 - Men's World Cup soccer not broadcast on CBC T.V. ? FIFA Club World Cup Jun 15, 2025 – Jul 13, 2025 - Chelsea beats PSG 3-0 to win 2025 Club World Cup Coldplay and Trump and 81,000 attend the final but it is not scheduled for broadcast by CBC ?
apnews.com/live/psg-chelsea-club-world-cup-updates
2025 Canadian Election - Democracy denied by double crossers ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/55228615842
May 18th, 2026 - CBC speak with forked tongue ? CBC lures unsuspecting RCMP members into a trap set by First Nations ? Ambushed by the CBC and First Nations, a music video ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvZX06xmslA
June 20th, 2026 following the famous firing of Don Cherry a few years back, CBC is now planning to cancel the entire historic NHL Hockey night in Canada show after a 74 year Saturday night run ? Is CBC shifting focus to women's gender sports ? Does CBC plan to move the current Womens's PWHL games held on Saturday afternoon to the newly vacated Saturday evening time slot ?
I did some mokeups for the next arana's makeup, it's the first time I did and was so cool. I don't like them so much cuz I know can change too much in the reality.
▪The first is the initial makeup i designed for her. Works cool on computer games but not on bjd, looks a raccoon.
▪The second is how I imagine is I send her to Darjeeling, I love her works on lips.
▪third I went crazy painting colorful lips. I inspired in some Instagram photo but I can't remember who.
▪ The fourth I changed her eyes to normalized them and enlaged them too. Algo I went crazy again doing something weird hahahha Do you like some or have any new ideas?