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An NIH study has uncovered specialized mouse neurons that play a unique role in pain.
More information: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-uncovers-...
Credit: Jeremy and Nichole Swan
Neurons (also neurones or nerve cells or nerve fibers) are a major class of cells (parenchyma) in the nervous system. In vertebrates, neurons are found in the brain, the spinal cord and in the nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Their main role is to process and transmit information. Morphologically, a prototypical neuron is composed of a cell body, a dendritic tree and an axon. In the classical view of the neuron, the cell body and dendritic tree receive inputs from other neurons, and axon transmits output signals. Neurons have excitable membranes, which allow them to generate and propagate electrical impulses. Neurons make connections with other neurons and transmit information to them via synaptic transmission. Different types of neurons have different shapes, possess specific electrical properties adopted for their function and use different neurotransmitters.
Les neurones à GnRH (cellules visualisées en rouges) qui naissent dans le nez au cours du développement embryonnaire, utilisent les fibres olfactives (marquage vert et bleu) pour migrer dans le cerveau jusqu'à l'hypothalamus pendant la vie fœtale. De là , ils orchestreront plus tard la fertilité.
©Vincent Prévot ; European Research Council/Agence Nationale de la Recherche Médicale/Métropole Européenne de Lille/Inserm.licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 international
Image accompagnant le communiqué de presse publié le 17 septembre 2020 : "Puberté précoce : une piste d’explication pour certains cas ?" presse.inserm.fr/puberte-precoce-une-piste-dexplication-p...
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Jusqu’à récemment, il était communément admis que c’était l’accélération de la croissance qui déclenchait la puberté. Or, une équipe de recherche de l’Inserm, du CHU de Lille et de l’Université de Lille, au sein du laboratoire Lille Neuroscience et Cognition, a découvert en 2020 chez la souris un mécanisme associé au pic de croissance prépubère et au déclenchement d’une puberté précoce. Ce mécanisme est régulé par les neurones à GnRH, les chefs d’orchestre de la fertilité, via l’expression de leur protéine Nrp1. Ces travaux, publiés dans The EMBO Journal, remettent en question les connaissances sur les déclencheurs de la puberté et ouvrent la voie à l’étude de ce mécanisme chez l’humain et à son implication possible dans certains cas de puberté précoce.
In a study conducted by NIDA intramural scientists, details of the role of glutamate, the brain’s excitatory chemical, in a drug reward pathway were identified for the first time. (Pictured –partial view of labelled neurons in reward circuitry that starts in dorsal raphe; ventral tegmental area)
Credit: National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
A fluorescent microscopic image of neural precursors generated from human embryonic stem cells. The neural cell bodies are visible in red and the nuclei in blue.
This photo was taken in the lab of Xianmin Zeng at the Buck Institute for Age Research.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
Stroking the leg, and watching the electrical spikes in the nervous system.
As I rubbed the pinned cockroach leg hairs, the neuron spikes were visible on the iPad. They have a simple single neuron per hair system to jack into.
We then ran it backward, and got the leg to dance to a hip hop tun. I wanted to teach it jiu-jitsu. =)
Scientists can delay death as it spreads through cells from head to tail in the nematode worm. False memories have been planted into the minds of mice using flashes of light to trigger neurons. Stem cells integrated into the retinas of blind mice can form new photoreceptor cells. A new cancer drug, PAC-1, has treated pet dogs with cancer before starting clinical trials in humans. A biodegradable silk implant stops epilepsy progressing in rats. The Mouse Genetics Project has discovered new roles for over 900 genes related to human diseases.
Transferrin receptor (TfR) is labelled red in the somatodendritic domain of hippocampal neurons. The axon initial segment (AIS) is green and F-actin protein is blue. Credit: G.G. FarÃas and J.S. Bonifacino, NICHD
Larval zebrafish are optically clear, allowing researchers to observe the nervous system as it develops and monitor the activity of neurons during behavior. In this image, 6 day-old zebrafish swim near the water's surface.
Credit: J. Swan and K. Tabor, Burgess Laboratory, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
The stainless steel sculpture "Neuron" by Roxy Paine. Outside the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney for the 17th Biennale.
Neurons receive input from other neurons through synapses, most of which are located along the dendrites on tiny projections called spines.
Two NIH-funded studies in mice are offering a possible answer about what makes sleep essential to good health. The two research teams used different approaches to reach the same conclusion: the brain’s neural connections grow stronger during waking hours, but scale back during snooze time. This sleep-related phenomenon apparently keeps neural circuits from overloading, ensuring that mice (and, quite likely humans) awaken with brains that are refreshed and ready to tackle new challenges.
More information: directorsblog.nih.gov/2017/02/14/how-sleep-resets-the-brain/
Credit: The Center for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
NIH funding from: National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of General Medical Sciences
A neuron from the AIs of the future?
This has NOT been photoshopped.
Was created using long exposure and various LED lights.
www.medical-explorer.com/alzheimers.php
Hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include neuritic plaques,(outside neurons), and neurofibrillary tangles (inside eurons).
More experimental Photography...
No lights were used in this photo, no editing was done, xcept a crop
light is from self luminescence chemicals inside a glow in the dark light stick (the ones you break an shake) poured onto a those plasticky bubbles that we used to blow up when we were kids... apparently the chemicals poured onto bubbles make them shrink an go webby an gooey like!!!
loved these shots....shot in complete darkness
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons after being exposed to a mix of synthetic compounds. Red indicates the protein beta-tubulin III, which is found in the dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Blue indicates nuclei. This work could lead to more efficient ways of generating dopaminergic neurons to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Andrei Kochegarov in the lab of Michael Pirrung at the University of California, Riverside.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
More information: directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/07/14/snapshots-of-life-making...
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
Credit: Ken Chan and Viviana Gradinaru Group, Caltech
NIH funding from: Common Fund; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of General Medical Sciences
A fluorescent microscopic image of neural precursors generated from human embryonic stem cells. The neural cell bodies are visible in red and the nuclei in blue.
This photo was taken in the lab of Xianmin Zeng at the Buck Institute for Age Research.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
During last year's Biennale, Roxy Paine's work, called Neuron, was given a deservably prominent position on the forecourt of the Museum of Contemporary Art
Pencil drawing of Neurons with artistic liberty. (Not scientific drawing.)
color pencil on paper
4.5" x 5.5"
Postbaccalaureate fellow Katie Holroyd (left) and Dr. Alvarez analyze dendritic spines in neurons in the nucleus accumbens of a mouse lacking dopamine autoreceptors.
Read more about the research: irp.nih.gov/our-research/research-in-action/a-conviction-...
Credit: National Institutes of Health
Whetstone, a software tool that sharpens the output of artificial neurons, has enabled neural computer networks to process information up to a hundred times more efficiently than the current industry standard, say the Sandia researchers who developed it.
The software greatly reduces the amount of circuitry needed to perform autonomous tasks, and is expected to increase the penetration of artificial intelligence into markets for mobile phones, self-driving cars and automated interpretation of images.
Learn more at share-ng.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/whetston...
Photo by Randy Montoya.
Human neurons on the 3D scaffold exhibit firing activity (yellow) in response to electrical current.
More information: www.nih.gov/news-events/3-d-technology-enriches-human-ner...
Credit: P. Moghe, Rutgers University
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
The NIH supported the study through grants from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); and from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).