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Crochet neurons that I've made for the "Knit a Neuron" project. They're my first ever bit of crochet!
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, which are the ones that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Working with these cells in a lab dish provides a way to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Jeannie Liu in the lab of Jan Nolta at the University of California, Davis.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
Canon 350D + extension tubes + Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 manual focus
The chain tensioner attachment is one of the things I'd change about this bike if I could. All my other trials bikes have had horizontal dropouts and I'm not against vertical dropouts, but this tensioner needed a redesign.
Scientists are increasingly uncovering evidence of cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system in many diseases, including psoriasis. Neurons (red) in mouse skin communicate with dermal dendritic cells (green), a type of immune cell, to drive inflammation in psoriasis. This role of the nervous system presents a new pathway for researchers to develop treatments for psoriasis and possibly other inflammatory skin diseases.
Credit: Ulrich von Andrian, M.D., Ph.D., Harvard Medical School
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
Audio technology from a previous life, probably unfamiliar to many Flickr members...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fblikM3DJHw
Published as a cover of Neuron magazines Apr-2010
Questa mattina, in auto, nel solito tragitto casa-lavoro, con l’autoradio che mi tempestava di canzoncine allegre e i due neuroni del cervello che si nascondevano sotto le lenzuolina dei loro lettini, sono riuscita a fare ben due pensieri distinti e in qualche modo li ho cuciti fra loro.
Pensierino numero 1:
Quando ero piccola volevo fare la scrittorA, e infatti sono una ragionierA.
Nonostante questo, come dire, poco coerente cammino, devo ammettere che sono riuscita a diventare una quasi-scrittorA, anche se tendo a mettere sempre un sacco di numeri nei miei testi…
Alla mia scuola, però, oltre a questo uso compulsivo di numeri devo riconoscere un pregio:
mi ha insegnato a ragionare.
Che uno dice ‘eccheccazzo, hai fatto ragioneria, se non ragioni tu chi ragiona?’
E a quell’uno mi verrebbe da rispondere ‘oh ma fatti un po’ i cazzi tuoi!’ ma siccome sono una personcina carina e gentile spiegherò cosa significa ‘ragionare’.
Nonostante si parli del tempo delle pietre e si andasse ancora a scuola a cavallo dei mammuth, mi ricordo, come fosse ieri, una lezione di ragioneria, che mi ha ‘segnato’ più di tutte le altre.
La prof., che, diciamo, non era un pezzo di pane, e infatti c’è ancora chi se la sogna di notte e si sveglia con i capelli bianchi e poi fa colazione col Maalox, la prof., dicevo, ci disse:
‘oggi facciamo finta di diventare gestori di un negozio di abbigliamento’.
Allora cominciammo ‘comperiamo i jeans!’ e la prof. ‘bene, li mettiamo per terra, sul corso…’
Allora un altro disse ‘comperiamo gli scaffali!’ e la prof. ‘mettiamo anche gli scaffali sul corso’, un altro ‘affittiamo un negozio!’ e la prof. ‘con che soldi?’ e una ragazza ‘andiamo a prenderli in banca!’ e la prof. ‘e in banca danno i soldi a tutti?’ e così via.
Quel giorno più di ogni altro mi insegnò a ‘ragionare’, a guardare sotto il tappeto degli argomenti, dietro gli stipiti delle discussioni, insomma mi insegnò che bisogna farsi mille domande e curiosare e non smettere di chiedere, prima di dire ‘sì, si può fare’.
Il secondo pensierino era meno complesso:
io sono una sempliciotta.
Comunque sia, ragioneria e ragionamenti compresi, io sono così ‘basica’ e ‘beccona’ che la prima reazione alla frase ‘guarda, c’è un asino che vola!’ è: ‘dove? Dove?’ solo dopo comincio con la sfilza di domande:
ma quanto vola? E le ali che apertura hanno? Ma l’asino raglia? E come si nutre? Ma se fa la cacca dove cade che non si vedono cacche di asino in giro? Alla fine capisco che, tanto per cambiare, mi hanno preso il culo, per usare un eufemismo…
il collegamento dei due pensierini è un volo pindarico, ve lo dico subito.
E’ così assurdo che quasi quasi un asino che vola non è così impossibile…
Al telegiornale hanno parlato di un bambino appena nato, problemi fisici così estesi che i dottori hanno dichiarato ‘la morte è la sua salvezza’.
Non entro nell’argomento, perché non è quello l’argomento, è stata solo la ‘miccia’ per il pensiero-pindarico.
Il mio cervellino, dopo la solita fase ‘sempliciotta’ (oddiooddiooddio) ha cominciato a pensare:
quando è stato tempo di votare, tutti si sono tappati il naso, altri non se lo sono tappato, altri hanno volontariamente votato l’attuale Governo.
Personalmente, ogni volta che vado a votare, ci sono delle domande che mi faccio:
quale delle due correnti politiche garantirà la sanità pubblica?
Quale delle due correnti politiche non renderà la scuola privata o, per lo meno cercherà di non farla per pochi eletti?
Quali delle due correnti politiche cercherà di dare opportunità alle persone disagiate, meno abbienti, con problemi fisici?
Quali delle due correnti politiche,anche se solo in maniera parziale, guarderà l’uomo prima del denaro?
Quando mi sono data la risposta a queste domande, allora voto.
Che, sia ben chiaro, in questo caso non era un voto facile per altri motivi: il senso di appartenenza non c’era. Ma non mi viene in mente neanche per due secondi di votare una corrente politica che non risponde affermativamente alle domande di cui sopra.
Torniamo al volo pindarico:
il bambino appena nato è stato tolto alla famiglia, il giudice ha detto che dovrà continuare a vivere, i medici stessi hanno dichiarato che sarà una sofferenza continua per quell’esserino.
E così mi sono detta:
l’attuale Governo lotterà, con la sua amica Chiesa, per togliere o ‘abortire’ la 194;
l’attuale governo però farà di tutto per privatizzare la Sanità;
l’attuale Governo farà scuole per pochi e ‘taglierà’ gli ultimi pezzetti di assistenza ai ragazzini con problemi, che torneranno ad essere i ‘paria’ della Società;
l’attuale Governo è per il soldo, per la competizione, per il bello e il sano e non darà opportunità a chi vuole cooperare, lavorare in gruppo, non guarda al lato estetico e magari ha problemi fisici;
quindi, l’attuale Governo:
farà nascere bambini con gravi problemi fisici, al limite della disperazione;
i genitori dovranno pagare di tasca propria le cure, l’assistenza, ecc.;
non avranno possibilità, in caso i problemi non fossero totali, di mandarlo in una scuola pubblica, perché non ci saranno insegnanti che potranno occuparsi di loro;
i bambini diventeranno un ‘peso’ per la Società e come tali saranno trattati.
Ergo:
chi ha votato l’attuale Governo forse doveva fare qualche lezione di ragioneria con la mia prof. ‘prima’….non avendo avuto tale possibilità ora dovrà pregare tutti i Santi (magari potrà farsi consigliare dal Papa quelli più ‘attivi’) che la salute sia sempre dalla sua, e che non abbia un problema uno, o si pentirà di essere nato.
Chi ha votato l’attuale Governo perché i Rom sono brutti e cattivi, i gay sono brutti e cattivi, gli extra-comunitari sono brutti e cattivi, insomma sono tutti brutti e cattivi, sarà il caso si guardi allo specchio e si faccia una sola domanda: cosa sarà di me, se avrò una malattia grave, di lunga durata, che richiederà cure costose, assistenza, e non potrò lavorare, e non potrò garantire uno stipendio che mantenga la mia famiglia?
Una
Sola
Domanda
La risposta non è 42, per una volta…
Poi per fortuna sono arrivata al lavoro e mi sono data ai numeri, che, in sostanza, sono meno imbecilli di noi uomini.
Amen.
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have reached a milestone in their quest to catalog the brain’s “parts list.” The NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) issued its first data release in 2018. Posted on a public web portal for researchers, it profiles molecular identities of more than 1.3 million mouse brain cells and anatomical data from 300 mouse brains – among the largest such characterizations to date.
Researchers also identified mouse brain cells for mating, parenting and aggression. In this image, the same cluster of neurons (inside the blue square) is preferentially activated in virgin females, mothers and fathers displaying parenting behavior when exposed to mouse pups.
Read more: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-brain-initiativ...
Credit: Drs. Catherine Dulac, Xiaowei Zhuang, Harvard University
NIH support from: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
( Featured on front cover of Jain Digest )
There are several pathways to attaining Nirvana. It is the union of Right Knowledge, Right Faith and Right Conduct that eventually leads to Nirvana.
The central multicolored figure represents a neuron; it is the memory bank as well as the source of transmission of full spectrum of knowledge. There are several categories of knowledge. Every human being has intrinsic faculty to harvest them. Each of the knowledge is assigned a specific color. Green-derived from scriptures, blue-subjective cognition, red- super sensory perception, orange- reading the thoughts of others and light yellow-omniscience. Black indicates ignorance or lack of knowledge, which pervades the human kind resulting in the cycles of birth and death.
The light background reflects the aura that surrounds the person having righteous knowledge. One must appropriately apply it to start the process of attaining Nirvana.
Media: Acrylic & Pastel. Size: 24”x30”
Cells within an injured mouse eye can be coaxed into regenerating neurons and those new neurons appear to integrate themselves into the eye’s circuitry, new research shows. The findings potentially open the door to new treatments for eye trauma and retinal disease.
Credit: Tom Reh, Ph.D.
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
NIH support from: National Eye Institute
The stainless steel sculpture "Neuron" by Roxy Paine. Outside the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney for the 17th Biennale.
Students in Meg Hodgin's AP Psychology class were recently divided into self-selected groups, based off of preferred learning styles, and tasked with creating a lesson plan on how a neuron fires using their selected learning approaches. The groups used musical, naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinesthetic and existential teaching approaches for their presentations. Video by Glenn Minshall.
A new study in mice uncovered a previously unknown role that the central amygdala can play in upgrading or downgrading pain signals in the brain’s circuitry.
Read more: www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-mice-expl...
Credit: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health/NIH
Human embryonic stem cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, which are the ones that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Working with these cells in a lab dish provides a way to study the origins and possible treatments for Parkinson's disease.
This photo was taken by Jeannie Liu in the lab of Jan Nolta at the University of California, Davis.
this was taken in the Calgary International Airport before boarding -- it is one of those airport toys to occupy/entertain children or photographers....
This image cannot be used on websites, blogs or other media without explicit my permission. © All rights reserved
Optogenetics allows researchers to control specific cell types, such as these pyramidal cells, with light.
The GFP+ (green) neuron depicted is an embryonic radial glia stem cell.
These cells are found in an area called the ventricular zone during embryonic development and this area unsurprisingly flanks the ventricles of the brain.
These radial glia stem cells will give rise to neurons and glia.
Notice that there appears to be projections moving upwards (towards pial surface) and downwards (toward ventricle) from the soma of the stem cell. These are projections that are important to cellular migration of daughter cells and orienting the stem cell itself.
Image is a ~30 micron thick coronal section of the somatosensory cortex of an embryonic mouse brain.
Blue=DAPI (Binds DNA, marks nucleus)
Red = Pax6 (Transcription factor and marker of pluripotency)
Green = GFP (From jellyfish, used to identify affected cells in an experiment)
Thin section of the optic lobe of a pupal Drosophila brain. Axons of photoreceptors (blue) and lamina neurons (green) bypass the lamina and project into different layers of the medulla (red, center), where the visual information is integrated and processed and further relayed to the lobula complex (red, bottom).
Credit: J. Luo, C.H. Lee, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH
A mouse neuron in the striatum imaged using a two-photon optical microscope allows researchers to measure changes to dendritic spines and their influence on addiction.
More information: irp.nih.gov/our-research/research-in-action/a-conviction-...
Credit: Veronica Alvarez, National Institutes of Health
Crochet neurons that I've made for the "Knit a Neuron" project. They're my first ever bit of crochet!
Watching the cortical video was like flying through a 3D extrusion of a Jackson Pollock.
[which reminded me of a flickr conversation that spilled over to lunch today... about how we see beauty in certain common patterns in nature... resonant homologies if you will... It seems that we like the emergent constructs, fractal and nested, that arise from iterative computations (evolution, organic growth...). In other words, we appreciate the accumulated computational complexity produced by evolutionary dynamics (genetic and memetic).]
Henry Markram from EPFL showed videos of the morphologically complex dentritic maps from the 10K neurons in one human cortical column. An IBM BlueGene computer runs at 22TFLOPS to model 10 million dynamic synapses for those 10K neurons.
The output from BlueGene is a data stream of 1 terabyte per sec. So they need another supercomputer (SGI with 300GB shared memory) for visualization to assess if the results are interesting.
l'attività elettrica di un singolo neurone, extracellular registration
2014
Nikon F-601
PhotoSì expired film
50mm f1.8
Hand stitched and bound shibori techniques on habotai silk
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
Endogenous, meaning ‘from within’, refers to her own Endogenous Depression, but also to the act of giving her inner-most feelings a physical form. This series of sculptures has become the means by which she externalises her continuing battle with depression. Whilst the sculptures represent her inner self, bound by the constraints of depression, their inherent purity and beauty are a testament to the new confidence and inner peace she has gained through her art.
The act of hand stitching and binding the fabric is as important to her as the resulting sculpture. The concept of “the hand healing the mind” is a significant aspect of her work; the repetitive rhythmical action of stitching or binding the cloth being a meditative one. By becoming “one with the cloth” one is taken out of oneself. The act of engaging with the cloth removes one from depressive self-absorption. The realisation of her own depression has led to her preoccupation with how other sufferers envision their own condition. Her resolve is to explore/record these through an extensive series of sculptural pieces.
Her work records the actions found within shibori; stitching, binding, gathering, manipulating and folding - not through the expected dye process, but purely as texture and form. It was whilst in Japan as part of her Embroiderers' Guild mature scholarship studies (May/June 2002) that she first observed the artisans who had spent their entire lives manipulating cloth prior to its being dyed. As a trained musician, she was fascinated to see that the repetitive shibori actions were not only represented on the cloth as pattern and texture, but were also imprinted upon the artisans hands and minds. She wished to learn more about these traditional techniques in order that these skills would not be lost with the passing generations, whilst at the same time developing her own personal shibori vocabulary suitable for the 21st Century.
Usually you don't see immature neurons in the superficial layers of the dentate gyrus. I think this happens more in mice than in rats. Sometimes I see them all the way in the molecular layer.
A fluorescent microscopic image of numerous dopaminergic neurons (the type of neurons that are degenerated in Parkinson’s disease patients) generated from human embryonic stem cells. The neuronal cell bodies with axons are visible in green and the nuclei in blue.
This photo was taken in the lab of Xianmin Zeng at the Buck Institute for Age Research.
Learn more about CIRM-funded stem cell research: www.cirm.ca.gov
A picture of an immature PSA-NCAM positive neuron. It's from an old rat, which therefore has low levels of neurogenesis, which works out nicely because it allows you to more clearly see the dendrites, unobscured by those of neighboring cells.
Neurons (red) converted from glial cells using a new NeuroD1-based gene therapy in mice.
It’s a race against time when someone suffers a stroke caused by a blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain. Unless clot-busting treatment is given within a few hours after symptoms appear, vast numbers of the brain’s neurons die, often leading to paralysis or other disabilities. Thanks to gene therapy, some encouraging strides are now being made towards being able to replace those lost neurons.
In a recent study in Molecular Therapy, NIH-funded researchers reported that, in their mouse and rat models of ischemic stroke, gene therapy could actually convert the brain’s glial (support) cells into new, fully functional neurons. Even better, after gaining the new neurons, the animals had improved motor and memory skills.
Read more on the NIH Director's Blog: directorsblog.nih.gov/2019/09/24/gene-therapy-shows-promi...
Credit: Chen Laboratory, Penn State, University Park
NIH support from: National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Mental Health
A major aim of the NIH-led Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Initiative is to develop new technologies that allow us to look at the brain in many different ways on many different scales.
Here you get a close-up look at pyramidal neurons located in the hippocampus, a region of the mammalian brain involved in memory. While this tiny sample of mouse brain is densely packed with many pyramidal neurons, researchers used new ExLLSM technology to zero in on just three. This super-resolution, 3D view reveals the intricacies of each cell’s structure and branching patterns.
Read more on the NIH Director's Blog: bit.ly/2TSOng1
Credit: Yang Lab/University of California and K. Chung/MIT
NIH support from: NIMH, NINDS, and NIBIB