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15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Native American Rasp is a notched wooden stick that make sounds when another stick is scraped against the notches.
This instrument was made by the Hopi people of Santa Fe, New Mexico around 1980. It has a gourd resonnator.
Native American Rasps are assigned the number 112.21 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.21 = Scraped sticks.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Border Pipes (or Pipe), sometimes called a Lowland or Half Long Pipes, was common in the 18th century but only rediscovered in the years since the 1970s. It has a conical bore chanter (like the Great Highland Bagpipes) and three cylindrical bore drones (which are in a common stock). Rather than the bag being inflated by mouth, there is a bellows under the arm of the piper. The Border Pipes is similar in appearance to the Scottish Small Pipes, but the latter have a cylindrical bore and are quieter (typically by an octave).
This instrument was made around 1840 by George Walker in Edinburgh.
Border Pipes are assigned the number 422.112-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or 7s. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
I had a difficult time finding blue analine dye, and the stuff I found came in powder form. I mixed it just like the instructions said (water just below boiling, etc.), but it did not want to fully dissolve, and when I apply the dye I end up getting a white crystaline residue...
7th August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Octave Clavichord in a small, portable version of the Clavichord. It is sounded at octave pitch which enables the small size.
This instrument was made in first half of the 17th century, and has been attributed to Johann Christoph Leo of Augsburg, Germany. It is Triple-fretted. With a fretted Clavichord many same strings the same one can produce more than a single notes by making the tangents strike at different distances along from the bridge.
To compare the size of this Octave Clavichord with the regular Clavichord, see this photo (www.flickr.com/photos/kmlivemusic/50074591021/). The Octave instrument is in the top right of the photo.
Clavichords are assigned the number 314.122-4-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-4-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by a keyboard and hammers.
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum (Bandstand), London SE23 (Panorama do Choro gig).
The Surdo is a large Brazilian Bass Drum (up to 60 cm in length). The have the deepest sound in a Samba bateria. They are often kept in place by a waist belt, and played with one or two mallets.
Surdos are assigned the number 211.212.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.21 = Cylindrical Drums. Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end.
211.212 = Instruments which have two usable membranes.
211.212.1 = single instruments.
16th November 2016 at Cecil Sharp House (Trefusis Hall), London NW1 (Calan gig).
The Pibgorn is a Welsh single reed instrument. Traditionally the reed was made from elder and the body carved from a single piece of wood or bone. The popularity of the instrument has revived with increased interest in Welsh folk music. Modern Pibgorns are often made of plastic, both the reed and body.
This instrument (on the right in the photo) is made by Gafin Morgan.
Pibgorns are assigned the number 422.211.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2 = Single Reed Instruments or Clarinets. The pipe has a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella.
422.21 = Single Clarinets [as opposed to sets of Clarinets].
422.211 = With cylindrical bore.
422.211.2 = With fingerholes.
11th February 2015 at Tommy Flynn's, London E11 (Clark Tracey gig).
The Trumpet is constructed from brass tubing with a cylindrical bore. Its predecessors of go back on ancient times. However the modern version with valves was developed in Germany in the early 19th century. As well as changing the pitch by varying the lip aperture and tension, this can also by achieved by engaging the piston valves.
(Valve) Trumpets are assigned the number 423.233 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.233 = With Cylindrical Bore.
28th January 2017 at Grand Hall, City Halls, Glasgow.
The Rabeca is a Brazilian folk violin brought to the country by Portuguese settlers in the 16th century.
Rabecas are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
Williams College Department of Music. Donated by Telford Taylor, Class of 1928, in memory of his father, John Bellamy Taylor (1875-1963), who had collected the instruments.
27th January 2017 at St Andrew’s in the Square, Glasgow.
The Violão de Sete Cordas is a Brazilian 7-string used primarily in Choro and Samba. It was introduced to Brazil in the late 19th century as a steel string guitar, but since the 1960s nylon strings have become the norm. It is typically tuned like a classical guitar, but with an additional C below the low E.
Violãos de Sete Cordas are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
2nd May 2017 at d.b.a., New Orleans, USA (Treme Brass Band gig).
The Bass Drum is used to mark time. When used in a military or marching band they are usually played sideways in front of the musician. Their orignins lie in the Davul and Ottoman Empire bands.They are also part of the Drum Kit found in Jazz and popular music, and (with a Snare Drum) the traditional lineup of a New Orleans Brass Band.
Bass Drums are assigned the number 211.212.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.21 = Cylindrical Drums. Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end.
211.212 = Instruments which have two usable membranes.
211.212.1 = single instruments.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Suling is an Indonesian bamboo Flute. It is end-blown, held vertically in front of the player. The Suling has a fipple cut near a knot in the bamboo, facing back to the player (unlike the fipple of a recorder which faces forward). The head of the instument is closed. One segment of the circumference is cut away for a short distance, and the mouth is cut away in the side of the tube immediately below this. A strip a bamboo is tied around the head fitting closely all around except for a narrow channel left to pass air to the mouth.
This instrument was made in 1981 in Indonesia. It has six fingerholes in two groups of three.
Sulings are assigned the number 421.211.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.221. = Single Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.1 = Open Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.211.12 = With Fingerholes.
30th January 2018 at the Royal Concert Hall (Main Auditorium), Glasgow (Solo & Indrė supporting Oumou Sangaré).
The Kanklės is the Lithuania name for the instrument known in Finland as the Kantele.
Traditionally it had a body made of one piece of wood and between 9 and 12 strings.
This instrument has 11 strings.
Kanklės are assigned the number 314.122-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-4 = Strings are caused to vibrate by hammers or beaters.
314.122-5 = Strings are caused to vibrate by bare hands.
10th June 2016 at Royal Academy of Music Museum (Piano Gallery), London NW1.
The Italian Spinet (or Spinetta a tabola) is part of Harpsichord family. Spinet is the name for the instrument in Italy. In England it is called a Virginal or Virginals. In the latter country from the end of 17th century Spinet came to be used only for instruments with the strings are at a 90 degree angle to the keyboard. The Italian Spinet was popular in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, and was pentagonal or heptagonal, as well as rectangular shaped. It has the same mechanism as a Harpsichord (wire strings are plucked by plectra mounted in jacks), but only one string per note running more or less parallel to the keyboard on the long side of the case. Many, if not most, of the instruments were constructed without legs, and would be placed on a table for playing.
This instrument was made in the first half of the 17th century in Italy, possibly by Francesco Poggi or Poggio. It is a six-sided false inner-outer instrument contained within a five-sided external outline.
Italian Spinets/Virginals are assigned the number 314.122-6-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-6-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by plectrum and keyboard.