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21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Uzkek Ghichak (or Ghijak or Ghijek) is a spike fiddle, It has four strings. A similar instrument with either a box or bowl shaped body in found from Afghanistan across Central Asia to Xinjiang.
This instrument was made around 1985 by Usta Abdurasul in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Uzbek Ghichaks are assigned the number 321.311-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.311 = Spike Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.311-71 = - Strings vibrated using a bow.
8th January 2016 at Union Chapel, London N1 (Çiğdem Aslan gig).
The Kopuz is what Tahir Palali calls his Tenbur when he uses a tuning devised by Erkan Oğur (when he uses the traditional tuning he cals it a Tenbur). The Kopuz (or Komuz) is an ancient Turkic instrument (regarded in Turkey as a ancestor of the Bağlama) which is now extinct. The name was revived by Erkan Oğur when playing an instrument found in his home region in eastern Anatolia, also he has said known as an "irisva or bulgari or balta". The Tenbur is a 3 string, narrow, long necked lute which originates from the Kurdish/ Iranian Tanbour.
Kopuz and Tenburs are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
Koorzaal of the Royal Concertgebouw, Amsterdam
SMOKE
Tom van der Zaal: alto saxophone
Floriaan Wempe: tenor saxophone
Durk Hijma: guitar
Timothy Banchet: piano
Steven Willem Zwanink: double bass
Sander Smeets: drums
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Lyre Guitar (or Apollo Guitar) is a guitar with a body shaped like the ancient Greek lyre and the neck, strings and frets of a guitar. It has six strings and, unlike the traditional guitar, would have been played upright. It originated in France around 1780 and was popular as a salon instrument into the early 19th century.
This instrument was made around 1800 by Robert Wornum in London.
Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Viola d'Amore usually has 7 melodic and 7 sympathetic strings (though some have a lower number of each, and an earlier version had 5 of the former and none of the latter). The long peg box is often topped with a carved blindfolded cupid's head. The Viola d'Amore has the body shape of a Viol, that is, sloping shoulders, flat back, high ribs and a rosette but is played like a Violin or Viola held under the chin, and has no frets. It first appeared in Germany at the end of the 17th century, and fell out of use until revived by early music ensembles.
This instrument was made in the 18th century by Joseph Albanus in Bozen (Bolzano) in the Tyrol (then Austria, now Italy). It has six bowed and six sympathetic strings.
Viola d'Amores are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
21st April 2013 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (gig with Veronica Doubleday).
The Rubab is a short necked lute carved out of a single piece of wood. It has 3 melody strings, 3 drone strings and 11 or 12 sympathetic strings. It is the national instrument of Afghanistan.
Rubabs are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
4th October 2018 at Yerba Buena Gardens, San Francisco, CA.
The EWI (Electrionic Wind Instrument)) is a form of wind controller. It was first developed in the late 1970s by trumpeter Nyle Steiner (who had worked on the idea since the mid 1960s) assisted by Michael Brecker. Akai have bought the rights to the design and continued to develop it with their assistance. They made their first models of the EWI and EVI available in 1987. The early models consisted of two parts: a wind controller and a digitally-controlled analog Synthesizer in a rackmount box. They use fingering systems familiar to players of wind and brass instruments, and the mouthpiece is ssensitive to air and bite pressure.
This is an Akai Professional EWI 4000S first produced in 2005. The most important new feature in the EWI4000s is its internal synthesizer.
EWIs are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
27th April 2016 at Heath Street Baptist Church, London NW3 (Nordic Fiddlers Bloc gig).
The Viola, like the other members of the Violin family, developed first in 16th century Italy. They are usually one to four inches longer than a Violin, and are normally tuned one fifth below.
Violas are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
They're pretty cheap, but you have to buy one for each and every key! That's how the bastards get you.
21st September 2015 at the Green Note, London NW1 (Oss gig).
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexangonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
This is a 67 key Duet Concertina made by Wheatstone in 1929.
This company started making Duets in the 1880s (the system was patented in the 1840s by J.H. Maccann of Plymouth and then manufactured by Lachenal). In 1950 K.V. Chidley introduced modifications to the Maccann system to make it more uniform, and this instrument was converted to adopt it.
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.13.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
11th December 2019 at at the Empire Bar, London E8 (Mark Lockheart gig).
The Synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals that may be converted to sound. They were first produced in the 1960s with the Moog Synthesizer.
The Keyboard Synthesizer was by far the most common variant (beginning with the MiniMoog in the early 1970s) until recently with the rise of MIDI-connected gear.
This instrument is a Korg Minilogue, an analog synthesizer launched in 2016. Korg Inc. (founded as Keio Electronic Laboratories) is a Japanese company which released its first synthesizer (the miniKORG) in 1973 after previously concentrating on organs.
Synthesizers are assigned the number 5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
5 = Electrophones. Sound is generated by electrical means.
29th November 2016 at Union Chapel, London N1 (António Zambujo gig).
The Portuguese Guitar or Guitarra Portuguesa has 12 steel strings strung in six courses. It goes back to the 19th century. Originaly played with the fingernails, in recent times most players use plastic picks.
Portuguese Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
9th January 2017 at the Green Note, London NW1 (duo with Hannah James).
The Accordions is a bellows driven free reed instrument. From the 1820s onwards several different free reed instruments were invented across Europe (the first to use the name Accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829). They evolved into three main types of instrument: Diatonic, Chromatic and Piano Accordions (as well as Concertinas).
The Piano Accordion was developed in the 1850s in France and Germany. On the right hand side it has a piano style keyboard. It is unisonic producing the same note when the bellows are pushed and pulled. The instrument is more common than the button accordion in English speaking North America, Scotland, and many European countries.
A free bass system is a system of bass buttons which give the performer greater access to playing melodies with their left hand instead of the standard Stradella which only allows bass notes. The are several different systems including "converter" models with a control to switch from standard Stradella to free-bass. The free bass system is found on both Chromatic and Piano accordions.
This instrument is made by the Italian company Fantini.
Piano Accordions are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
2nd March 2012 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (Koby Israelite & Oren Marshall gig).
The Tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. It was invented in Germany (Prussia) in the mid 19th century. Tubas have a 3.7 to 5.5 metres long main tube with a conical bore i.e. their diameter increases along the tubing from the mouthpiece to the bell.
Tubas are assigned the number 423.231 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.231= With Conical Bore.
17th May 2018 at the Union Chapel, London N1 (I'm With Her gig).
The Mandolin evolved from the Lute via the Mandore in 17th and 18th century Italy. It became popular in the United States in the mid 19th century, where folowing an instrument produced in 1905 by Orville H. Gibson it adopted a flat back rather than the bowl shaped one. The bodies of modern Mandolins can be either pear shaped or tear drop shaped (i.e. with a scroll carved into the headstock). They also vary in the shape and position of the sound holes which impacts on the sound of the instrument.
Tear drop shaped Mandolins usually have f-shaped sound holes (normally in pairs, one to each side of the bridge). The American Gibson company called this design of Mandolin the Florentine or F-style.
This is a MF-5 Mandolin made by Collings Guitars of Austin, TX.
Mandolins are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
20th May 2011 at the Jazz Café, London NW1 (Lokandes provided support at Susana Baca gig).
The Caxixi is a basketwork shaker with seeds or pebbles inside. The instrument is played in both Africa and South American. Particularly in Brazil, where it is used to accompany capoeira. They are played both in pairs and individually.
Caxixis are assigned the number 112.13 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.13 = Vessel rattle. Rattling objects enclosed in a vessel strike against each other or against the walls of the vessel, or usually against both.
Music notation for the kalimba is quite fascinating. You'll see the music staff matches the tines on the kalimba, so knowing how to read music will be a huge plus in learning to play the kalimba.
23rd June 2011 at Royal Festival Hall (Clore Ballroom), London SE1 (Muzsikás gig).
The Kontra (or Brácsa) is a Viola found in Hungarian and Translyvanian folk and gypsy music. It usually has 3 strings and a flat bridge to allow the bowing in a rhythmic manner of all the strings simultaneously.
Kontras are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
Something you Play - OurDailyChallenge
This beautiful intrument blonged to my late FIL, Edward Livingston.
7th August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Baroque Flute is a one-keyed flute popular from the 1670s until the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when it was supplanted by multi-keyed flutes. The instrument is made of wood (the most commonly being boxwood, ebony, and grenadilla) and consists of three (or later four) pieces. It has a conical bore that is wide at the end placed with against the lips and tapers to become significantly more narrow at the bottom. There are It has six fingerholes plus a seventh hole on the far end that is closed unless opened by the single key.
This instrument was made around 1760 in London.
Baroque Flutes are assigned the number 421.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.12 = Side-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube.
421.121 = Single Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.1 = Open Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.12 = With Fingerholes.
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum (Bandstand), London SE23 (Panorama do Choro gig).
The Pandeiro is related to the Tambourine, but can be tuned by altering the tension of the head and has cupped jingles. It is around 25-30 cm in diameter. The instrument is played with the hands, often switching between the thumb, fingertips and heel and palm of the hand. It was introduced to Brazil from Portugal and Spain, and is played in a variety of different types of Brazilian music.
Pandeiros are assigned the number 211.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.3 = Frame Drums. Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane.
211.31 = Instruments which do not have a handle.
211.311 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
17th May 2015 at the Old Rose & Crown, London E17 (Jeff Davis & Brian Peters gig).
The Mandocello first appeared in Italy as part of the Mandolin family of instruments. It was taken up by the Gibson company in the USA with a series of models made from 1902 until 1936. They had a flat rather than an arched back, and at first A Style bodies before turning to an F Style one. The Mandocello is tuned an octave below the mandola. In shape and size it was similar to a modern long scale Irish Bouzouki.
The instrument in the photo was made by Gibson.
Mandocellos are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
15th July 2016 at the British Museum (Japan galleries), London WC1.
The Ryūteki is a Japanese transverse Fue (or Flute). It is used in Gagaku, the Shinto classical music associated with Japan's imperial court. It has seven holes, and is about 40 cm in length.
This instrument was made in the 18th century.
Transvere Fues are assigned the number 421.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.12 = Side-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube.
421.121 = Single Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.1 = Open Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.12 = With Fingerholes.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Accordion is a bellows driven free reed instrument. From the 1820s onwards several different free reed instruments were invented across Europe (the first to use the name Accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829). They evolved into three main types of instrument: Diatonic, Chromatic and Piano Accordions (as well as Concertinas).
The Harmonieflûte (or Accordion-Organ or Lap Organ) is a precursor of the Piano Accordion. It was patented by Constant Busson of Paris in 1853 and shown at the Great Exhibition of 1855. The instrument consists of reservoir bellows that sound reeds when closing, a fully chromatic piano keyboard section with three octaves of reeds, a resonance chamber and a hand-hold to which bellows are attached.
This instrument was made by Busson & Cie in the third quarter of the 19th century. It has 37 piano keys.
Harmonieflûtes are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
17th May 2018 at the Union Chapel, London N1.
Archtop Electric Guitars have a relatively broad hollow soundbox, with a violin style arched top and back. The first Archtop was the Gibson L5 introduced in 1922, and the first Electric Archtop the Gibson ES150 introduced in 1935. The latter was the model for many of the Jazz Guitars which followed.
The guitar in the photo is a Collings I-35 Deluxe. The I-35 is a semi hollow guitar launched in 2006 and named after the interstate highway which pases easy of Austin on its way from Loredo to Dulluth. Its body shape is reminiscent of a Gibson ES-335 (though not quite as wide), but it is more than a copy.
Electric Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
4th July 2013 at Great Northern Railway Tavern, London N8.
The Baritone Horn is a low Brass instrument. It has three valves and a cylindrical bore.
Baritone Horns are assigned the number 423.232 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.233 = With Cylindrical Bore
18th May 2016 at Royal Academy of Music Museum (Piano Gallery), London NW1.
The Clavichord is a European keyboard instrument invented in the 14th century. Sound is created by striking brass or iron strings with small metal blades called tangents. It differs fron the Piano in being small and rectangular in shape, with the strings running (more or less) perpendicular to the keys rather than parallel to them. The tangents do not leave the strings once they have struck them. Instead, they remain in contact with them throughout the duration of the sound.
This instrument was made in 1925-26 by Arnold Dolmetsch of Haslemere, Surrey. His instruments played an important role in the revival of Early Music in Britain. His first Clavichords made in 1894 were the first made anywhere in the world since 1858.
Clavichords are assigned the number 314.122-4-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-4-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by a keyboard and hammers.