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15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexangonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
This is a.20 key Anglo Concertina (10 keys on each side and an air lever). It was made in Germany.
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
7th August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Surnay is the Uzbek name for a double reed instrument played in central Eurasia, ranging from the Balkans to Central Asia (elsewhere it is called the Zurna as well as other names). 45-55 cm long and made of apricot wood, there are seven fingerholes on the front and one thumbhole at the back. The Surnay is usually played with the Karnay (brass instrument) and Nogora (drum).
This instrument was made around 1996 by Usta Muhamed Jan Zargar in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Surnays are assigned the number 422.111.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.111 = With cylindrical bore.
422.111.2 = With fingerholes.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Post Horn is valveless cylindrical brass instrument with a cupped mouthpiece. It was used in the 18th and 19th centuries to signal the arrival or departure of a post rider or mail coach. There are both coiled and straight versions. The former were more common in Eorope, while the latter was adopted in Britain as the regulation instrument for use by Royal Mail coaches.
This instrument is a Curved Post Horn made by Besson & Co in Paris in the 19th century.
Curved Post Horns are assigned the number 423.121.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.12 = Tubular trumpets.
423.121 = End-blown trumpets. The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.
423.121.2 = End-blown horns. The tube is curved or folded.
423.121.22 = With mouthpiece.
have some music (plus instruments and players) from various venues: The brand-new Up in Arms pub on the Marston Road - an Irish session was the first live music to happen in the container.
Turn the handle to move the keyboard.
See how it works from behind.
You can also enjoy playing by pressing the keyboard with your finger.
160 pieces.
LEGO Contest
"READY, SET, GO STEM!"
ideas.lego.com/challenges/91c1198d-ec7e-4cfa-9724-1c03973...
12th April 2013 at Royal Festival Hall (Bar level 2), London SE1.
The Wooden Agogo is a double or treble wood block named after the Brazilian set of metal bells (for a photo of the latter see: www.flickr.com/photos/kmlivemusic/7477900246/). The blocks have different tones. They also have ridged surfaces, so they can be scraped like a Güiro as well as struck.
This instrument was bought from a street seller in an Indian city, and is called by the band a Makri (which means frog in Malayalam - one of the main Keralan languages). It is seen in the middle of the photo next to a shaker, a spring drum (thunder tube) and illatalam (cymbals).
Wooden Agogos are assigned the number 111.232 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.23 = Percussion tubes.
111.232 = Sets of percussion tubes.
19th February 2015 at St Pancras Old Church, London NW1 (Leveret gig).
The Viola, like the other members of the Violin family, developed first in 16th century Italy. They are usually one to four inches longer than a Violin, and are normally tuned one fifth below.
The Viola is the instrument on the left, next to a Fiddle (Violin).
Violas are are assigned the number 321.322-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.322-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
This is my daughters calrinet in it's case. It is about to be put away since my daughter will not be pursuing band in college. She has been playing this since she was in sixth grade. Now the clarinet goes silent. At least for now.
2nd November 2012 at Old Cranleighan Club, Thames Ditton, Surrey.
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexagonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
This is a Wheatstone English Concertina.
C. Wheatstone & Co (Charles and his brother William) invented the English Concertina in the 1820s-40s. The company passed out of the hands of the family in the 1890s and was later owned by the Chidleys, Boosey & Hawkes and (from 1975 to date) Steve Dickinson of Stowmarket, Suffolk..
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
Wood recorders and flute. A recorder stand made from a wooden crate + some dowels. A wooden xylophone on the right and a copper plumbing pipe xylophone on the left. Copper flute in foreground.
These were in the barn behind the Music House Museum. (They were having a "barn sale" to raise money for the museum.)
19th July 2012 at Queen Elizabeth Hall, London SE1 (gig with Oumou Sangaré).
An Electric Banjo converets the vibration of strings into electrical signals which are then amplified. While Gibson produced electric banjos in the 1930s, the first 5-string electric solid-body banjo was developed by Buck Trent and Shot Jackson in the early 1960s. They applied the Pedal Steel Guitar technology of palm-pedals to pull strings to the Banjo.
The instrument in the photos is is a Deering Crossfire 5. The Crossfire was first made in 1988.
Electric Banjos are assigned the number 321.312-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.311 = Spike Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.312-6 = Instruments where the Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
10th November 2010 at Bush Hall, London W12 (Bain, Möller & Molsky gig).
This instrument has many names - Låtmandola (which means fiddle tune-mandola), Nordic Mandola, Drone Mandola, etc. Ale Möller after living in Greece playing the bouzouki returned to Sweden and wanted something on which he could play the fiddle tunes of Dalarna. He settled on the Mandola (Octave Mandolin) and his first instrument was built for him by Stafen Sobell in England. In the 1980s working with luthiers Christer Ådin and Anders Ekvall in Sweden several new design features were incorporated. The five course Mandola was given an extended fretboard on the left side on the two bottom strings enabling drone notes. Frets were added so the quarter tones could be played. As were movable pin-point capos where an individual string set capo can be screwed in to create myriad tunings without having to manually tune the strings.
Mandolas are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Flageolet is a member of the same fipple flute family as the Recorder with a different number of tone holes and a different scale. The instrument was popular in Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries. There are two main forms of the instrument: the French with four finger holes on the front and two thumb holes on the back; and the English with six finger holes on the front and sometimes a single thumb hole on the back.
The Flûte d’accord is a Double French Flageolet made from a single piece of boxwood, and was played in the 18th century. It has two parallel bores with fingerholes in the front and thumbholes at the back.
This instrument was made by Hentz Jouve in Paris circa 1800. There are six fingerholes on the right pipe and seven on the left.
Flûtes d’accord are assigned the number 421.222.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.12 = With fingerholes.
13th April 2012 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (played by Keith Howard and Hyelim Kim at Music from Korea event).
A Janggu (or Changgo) is hourglass-shaped with two membranes commonly found in traditional Korean music. The left head is covered with a thick cowhide, horsehide, or deerskin to produce low pitch tones. The right side is covered with either dog skin or a lighter horsehide to produces higher pitch tones. Traditionally the Janggu is played using a stick on the right and a bare hand on the left.
Janggus are assigned the number 211.242.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.24 = Hourglass Shaped Drums Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped.
211.242 = Instruments which have two usable membranes.
211.242.1 = single instruments.
at long last (eight years on the hunt!), my 200 series has found it's last piece.
i am only so fortunate because of the generosity of a fellow buchlaist - a person of particularly magnificent designs.
i've no words for this sort of kind gesture, only gratitude.
28th October 2010 at Luminaire, London NW6.
The Stomp Box is a wooden board or box which a musican (usually guitar or banjo player) taps with their feet to enhance the rhythm. They can be solid or have an acoustic chamber. A microphone is often placed above the board/inside the box They go by a variety of other names - e.g. stomp drum, foot drum, or porch board, and were originally used by American Folk and Blues performers. They can be home made or, with more sophisticated version, manufactured for the purpose. The term Stomp Box is also sometimes applied to the Pedal Boards electric guitarist use to obtain a variety of effects.
For this board in use see: www.flickr.com/photos/kmlivemusic/5287184195/.
Stomp Boxes are assigned the number 111.24 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.24 = Percussion vessels.
have some music (plus instruments and players) from various venues: French session at the Port Mahon (before the May 2019 refurb, so this chequered floor is no longer there)
Carte-de-visite photo with composite portraits of members of cornet band under instruction of Harry E. Rhodes. ca1865. Photographer: Washington, Iowa.
Source: State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines
Reproductions and permissions: www.iowaculture.gov/history/research/research-centers/cop...
10th December 2010 at Old Cranleighan Club, Thames Ditton, Surrey (Malinky gig).
The Bouzouki was introduced to Irish traditional music in the 1960s by Johnny Moynihan, and has since spread across a variety of Anglo-Celtic folk styles. The Irish Bouzouki usually has a wider body and a flat back. It can have 8 or 10 strings. The distinction between the Irish Bouzouki and the Cittern is very blurred. Some base this on the number of strings (the Bouzouki having 8 and the Cittern 10), others the size of the body or the length of the neck.
The instrument in the photo is a 10-string Bouzouki made by Heiner Dreizehnter in Germany. Some people would call a 10-string instrument like this a Cittern.
Irish Bouzoukis are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
19th July 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Warmi gig).
The Siku (or Antara or Zampoña) is a Panpipe of the Aymara people living near Lake Titicaca (on the border of Peru and Bolivia).They are usually made of bamboo shoots, and come in a variety of sizes. The ends of the pipes in the rank nearest the player are stopped by a node, while those furthest from the player are open.
The most common is the Siku Ch'alla, whose longest pipe is around 30 cm. They have two rows of pipes (usually with 7 or 8 pipes in each row).
Sikus are assigned the number 421.112.3 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.11 = End-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim at the upper open end of a tube.
421.112 = Sets of end-blown flutes or panpipes. Several end-blown flutes of different pitch are combined to form a single instrument..
421.112.3 = Mixed open and stopped panpipes.
20th May 2011 at the Jazz Café, London NW1 (Susana Baca gig).
The Charango is a South American Andean instrument traditionally made from an Armadillo shell. It probably evolved from the Spanish lute. It has five pairs of strings.
Charangos are assigned the number 321.321-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-5 = Strings vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
22nd March 2014 at the Royal Festival Hall, London SE1 (Event at “Pull Out All the Stops” Festival).
The Pipe Organ was developed in the 16th century in Germany. Larger ones have both flue pipes and reed pipes.
The instrument in the photo is the 7,866 Pipe Royal Festival Hall Organ was built in 1954 by Harrison & Harrison of Durham, and recently been restored by the same company. The designer Ralph Downes wanted it to sound more like the the 17th and 18th century German organs rather than the traditional English sound.
In this photo: The Organ has four keyboards played by the hands and one played with the feet. On either side are the stops which admit pressurised air to specific ranks of pipes.
Pipe Organs with both Flue and Reed Pipes are assigned the numbers 421.222.11 and 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.11 = Without fingerholes.
and
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
2nd April 2015 at the Horseshoe, London EC1 (Barluath gig).
The Harmonium was first developed in France in the middle of the 19th century. It has a set of free reads, a keyboard and bellows. The bellows can be operated in two ways, either by sunction from below the instrument using foot pedals or by pressure from the back using the left hand.
This instrument is of the foor pedal variety, also known as a Reed Organ (or Pump or Parlour Organ). Many of these were made in the 19th century for small churches and some homes.
Harmoniums/Reed Organs are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Flageolet is a member of the same fipple flute family as the Recorder with a different number of tone holes and a different scale. The instrument was popular in Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries. There are two main forms of the instrument: the French with four finger holes on the front and two thumb holes on the back; and the English with six finger holes on the front and sometimes a single thumb hole on the back.
The Double Flageolet is a type of English Flageolet invented by William Bainbridge of London in 1804, with help from the musician John Parry (who he saw playing two Flageolets together in a single frame). It consists of two pipes fixed together with the top two holes on the right hand one activated by keys. Later in the 1820s Bainbridge invent a Triple Flageolet.
These instruments from left to right were made 1808-20 (by Bainbridge & Wood in London), 1830 -69 (by John Simpson in London), and 1821 -31 (by William Bainbridge in London).
Double Flageolets are assigned the number 421.222.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.12 = With fingerholes.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Music Box (or Musical Box) is an automatic musical instrument in a box which produces musical notes through a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc which pluck the tuned teeth (or lamellae) of a steel comb.
While related mechanical musical instruments existed centurus before in diffrtent parts of the world, the key development was in 1796 when Antoine Favre of Geneva constructed the first mechanical musical movement with vibrating teeth. These mechanisms were placedin scent-bottles, jewellery and other miniatures. Howver the breakthrough came when they were built into wooden boxes with good acoustical properties. Beginning in the early 1800s music automatons flourished in the Sainte-Croix area in the west of Switzerland, (towards the end of the 19th century, up to 600 workers in over 40 companies) and the industry has continued there until today.
This instrument was made in Switzerland around 1960. It takes the form of a Swiss Chalet.
Music Boxes are assigned the number 122.2-9 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column
12 = Plucked Idiophones. Idiophones set in vibration by being plucked.
122 = In the form of a comb. The lamellae are tied to a board or cut out from a board like the teeth of a comb.
122.2 = With cut-out lamellae.
122.2-9 = With mechanical drive.
14th September 2012 at Royal Festival Hall (Bar level 2), London SE1 (Alex Hutton gig).
Suspended Cymbals are part the standard Drum Kit. There are various types. The larger ones are Ride Cymbals (to maintain a rhythmic pattern) and Crash Cymbals (to produce an occasional loud, sharp sound). There are also smaller ones to produce different effects - Bell Cymbals (which are thicker and more curved), Splash Cymbals, and China or Trash Cymbals.
Suspended Cymbals are assigned the number 111.24 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.24 = Percussion vessels.
8th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Shehnai is a double reed instrument from North India. It is 30–50 cm in length, made of wood with a flared metal bell at the end, There are six to eight fingerholes, The Shehnai has a two octave range,
This instrument was made circa 1930 It has seven fingerholes and a vent hole.
Shehnais are assigned the number 422.112.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112.2 = With fingerholes.
18th October 2011 at Royal Festival Hall, London SE1 (Mohammad Reza Shajarain gig).
The Persian Tar is a Lute which originated in 18th century (there is also a frame drum with the same name). The body is a double-bowl shape carved from mulberry wood, with a thin membrane of stretched lamb-skin covering the top. It has three double courses of strings, and is played with a brass plectrum. The instrument has an important role in Persian classical music.
Tars (the bowl lute version) are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
8th June 2013 at Exmouth Arms, London NW1.
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexagonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
This is a 55 key Duet Concertina made by Wheatstone.
It follows what has become known as the Crane System. Crane & Sons Ltd. of Liverpool launched this in 1912 under the name Triumph, and the instrument was adopted by the Salvation Army. This system is the second most popular of the Duet Concertinas (after the Maccann or McCann system). It differs from the latter in having 5 rows of buttons for either hand rather than 4. In the case of the 55 key instrument, 30 keys for the right hand and 20 for the left.
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.