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Die Bologna-Reform hat zur Entwicklung von kompetenzorientierten Studienplänen geführt. Kompetenzen beeinflussen aber nicht nur Zielvorgaben, sondern auch wie unterrichtet und wie geprüft werden sollte. Speziell in Prüfungen zeigt sich nachhaltig, ob die Reformbemühungen auch tatsächlich wirksam sind. Kompetenzorientierte Prüfungen fokussieren auf individuell zu entwickelnde Fach-, Methoden-, Sozial- und Selbstkompetenzen und erfordern eine aktive, handelnde und problemorientierte Auseinandersetzung mit Lehrstoffen. Geprüft wird nicht mehr nur Faktenwissen, sondern gezielt, ob Studierende sich informieren, analysieren, planen, entscheiden, ausführen, kontrollieren, erfinden, bewerten, forschen usw. können. Dieser Umstand hat bedeutsame Auswirkungen auf die Gestaltung und Bewertung von Prüfungen und erfordert von Lehrenden die Beantwortung z.B. folgender Fragen:
Wie stelle ich sicher, dass die Kompetenzen in der Lehrveranstaltung und in der Prüfung auch den Kompetenzen im Studienplan entsprechen?
Wie definiere ich detaillierte und gestufte Kompetenzen, die gefördert und überprüft werden können?
Wie wandle ich einen auf Faktenwissen bezogenen Lehrstoff in einen kompetenzorientierten Lehr- und Prüfungsstoff um?
Welche Kompetenzen müssen alle Studierenden erfüllen, welche stellen besondere Leistungen dar und wie berücksichtige ich das bei einer Prüfung?
Welche Prüfungsmethoden und -fragen eignen sich besonders für Kompetenzmessungen?
Wie gewichte ich unterschiedliche Kompetenzleistungen in einer Prüfung?
Welche kompetenzbezogenen Leistungen der Studierenden führen zu welcher Note?
Was kann ich tun, um die Qualität solcher Prüfungen (in Sachen Genauigkeit, Gültigkeit, Fairness, Ökonomie etc.) zu bewerten oder zu verbessern?
Der diesjährige Tag der Lehre ist der Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen und Themen dieser Art gewidmet.
The traditional method of cooking salmon involves, cutting a long straight maple branch in half 3/4 down its length, then placing three cedar strip cross wise, laying the salmon slices on the cedar with three more cedar strips added to form a grill, the maple branch is then brought tightly together using bits of wire.
Stake is place at an angle near the center of the pit.
From Veganomicon - interesting method of using navy beans for the "creamy" filling rather than tofu. Turned out pretty good - even better after it had been refrigerated and set overnight...
This grasshopper is using the good ol' shoveling method to eat.
I was a bit upset when I came home and saw that flash didn't fire but I am very pleased with the results.
INDIA: Water Efficient Methods Revolutionise Sugarcane Growing
AURANGABAD, India, May 10, 2011 (IPS) - When their sugarcane crops failed to deliver a good yield three years ago, Kantabai Chavan and her husband Baban decided to try a new strategy.
The National STEM Guitar Project, in partnership with NSF Advanced Technological Education (ATE) Centers with funding provided through a grant from The National Science Foundation (#1304405), hosts innovative Guitar Building Institutes around the United States. The 5-day institutes, combined with additional instructional activities comprising 80 hours, provide faculty training on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) for middle, high school, and post-secondary faculty. The institutes present and teach participants hands-on, applied learning techniques to help engage students and spark excitement for learning STEM subject matter.
Nationwide, there are increasing concerns from businesses about the supply of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics trained workers. Science and math test scores in the U.S. are among the lowest around the world.
The goal and objective of the STEM Guitar Building Institutes is to showcase a new way to present learning for students with applied methods.
www.originalartbroker.com/blog/artwork/original_art/jamal...
Jamali, one of the most famous contemporary artists in the world, has attracted a lot of attention for his unique artistic approach he calls “Mystical Expressionism.” Jamali’s unique personality and backgrounds have yielded a fresh perspective in the international art community. Continually noted as one of the artists pushing boundaries, Jamali’s use of “Mystical Expressionism” is one of the most notable occurrences in today’s art community.
So what exactly is “Mystical Expressionism” you ask? Good question. It is a mixture of ancient knowledge and spiritual understanding with modern beliefs and technology. For example, Jamali is said to incorporate Sufi Mysticism and Quantum Mechanics simultaneously in his work. Jamali’s diverse life experience have combined to inspire this new art technique. He has lived in the desert for 5 years, attended military school, lived with an isolated Himalayan tribe, and studied at a University in Florida and lived life in the United States.
Jamali’s methods open a new chapter for contemporary art. His art not only creates a new technique for the art world, but it also gives the art world a chance to critique history, modern developments, and the world around us. Jamali is more than just an artists, he is a person with great understanding of the past and present world who has been given a great gift to communicate his understanding to a mass audience.
Story by Sufi News
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La joute provençale est une méthode française de joute nautique : un combat sur l’eau entre deux personnes se trouvant chacune sur un bateau.
These cable cars are old... they only go forward... the only way to turn them around so they can go back up the hills is to manually turn them. Kinda fun to watch the process which is surprisingly fast.
Entre os dias 26 e 28/10/2011, o Centro de Educação Ambiental (CEA) do Parque das Águas Roberto Burle Marx promove curso de construção e montagem de aquecedor solar feito de garrafa pet e caixa de leite. A atividade é gratuita e será oferecida das 13h às 17h, na avenida Ximango, 809, no bairro Flávio Marques Lisboa. As inscrições são abertas a todos os interessados e podem ser feitas pelo telefone 3277-5968. De janeiro a agosto, o CEA recebeu 2.620 visitantes, que participaram de cursos e atividades educativas. Foto Cátia Fraga
Confira a matéria completa no endereço portal6.pbh.gov.br/dom/iniciaEdicao.do?method=DetalheArti...
An SLR camera with a Nanorama attachment which holds a hemisphere mirror in front of the lens. The mirror is made of stainless steal, 30mm in radius and held by an acrylic pipe. The lens is a 60mm macro lens.
マクロレンズの先にステンレス製の半球ミラーが来るようにしてあります。
半球はアクリルパイプで支えています。また、アクリルパイプは中央に穴を開けたレンズキャップに固定してあります。なので取り外しは簡単。あまりしっかり固定されませんが。
APS-Cのボディに60mmのレンズなので、実質96mmでやや望遠となる画角。レンズから半球までは約15cm。レンズのワーキングディスタンスはそれより短いので半球にぴったりピントが合います。
Half-timber work, method of building in which external and internal walls are constructed of timber frames and the spaces between the structural members are filled with such materials as brick, plaster, or wattle and daub. Traditionally, a half-timbered building was made of squared oak timbers joined by mortises, tenons, and wooden pegs; the building’s cagelike structural skeleton is often strengthened at the corners with braces. This method of timber framing was adapted to both low, rambling country homes and six- or seven-storied buildings in crowded towns. In the 20th century a modified version of the method was still being used, in which light sills, studs, and joists only 2 inches (5 cm) thick are nailed together to make the house’s frame in place of the old pegged girts, beams, and braces. Where only the decorative effect of half-timber work is desired, boards are applied to a wall surface in a sham version of the old structural pattern [britannica.com]