100118-F-0782R-013 Kabul- A Kabul Milli factory employee cuts out boot pattern layers to begin the boot manufacturing process in Kabul, Afghanistan, Jan. 18, 2010. Members of NTM-A and the Afghan National Army visited the boot factory to observe the boot manufacturing process and to initiate a process improvement program..

(U.S. Air Force Photo/Staff Sgt. Larry E. Reid Jr., Released)

Io Aircraft - www.ioaircraft.com

Drew Blair

www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/

io aircraft, phantom express, phantom works, boeing phantom works, lockheed skunk works, hypersonic weapon, hypersonic missile, scramjet missile, scramjet engineering, scramjet physics, boost glide, tactical glide vehicle, Boeing XS-1, htv, Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon, (ARRW), hypersonic tactical vehicle, hypersonic plane, hypersonic aircraft, space plane, scramjet, turbine based combined cycle, ramjet, dual mode ramjet, darpa, onr, navair, afrl, air force research lab, defense science, missile defense agency, aerospike,

Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft

Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.

Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.

*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.

What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.

Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)

To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5

However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.

Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation

Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.

Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes

For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.

Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources

Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.

Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.

As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.

As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).

Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction

Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.

Improved Bow Shock Interaction

Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.

6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance

To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.

*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope

Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling

With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.

Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition

Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.

Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities

Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.

Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)

To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.

A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.

BUCKET ELEVATOR LOADING CHAR INTO THE TRACTOR TRAILER FOR TRANSPORT TO MARKET.

LOCALLY AVAILABLE BIOMASS, IN THIS CASE SAWDUST AND WOOD CHIPS FROM A PALLET MANUFACTURING PROCESS, IS PROCESSED TO PRODUCE MORE USABLE FORMS OF BIOMASS. THE PROCESS AT THIS PLANT PRODUCES CHARCOAL FOR MARKETING AND STEAM FOR A NEIGHBORING RICE PROCESSING PLANT.

For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.

040

Friday, December 8th, 2017

Fortune Global Forum 2017

Guangzhou, China

8:00 AM–9:20 AM

SMART MANUFACTURING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Around the world, factory floors and assembly lines are becoming highly automated, combining human ingenuity with data and technology to revolutionize product and productivity outcomes. As the notion of a “factory of the future” continues to evolve, how are companies incorporating “smart” and connected products into their manufacturing process? From sensors and robots to 3D printing and green technology, global companies are experimenting with a variety of methods to streamline, scale, and sustain their business. Here in China, manufacturers have been asked to deliver on the nation’s “Made in China 2025” strategy and are aggressively pursuing their own strategies to become smarter, greener, and more efficient. As these changes take hold, what are the implications for those doing business in China and for supply chains worldwide? And how are companies redeploying and reeducating their workforces as traditional factory jobs become automated and the need for technically proficient talent increases?

Hosted by The City of Guangzhou

Börje Ekholm, President and CEO, Ericsson Group

Till Reuter, Chief Executive Officer, KUKA

Tony Tan, Partner, Shanghai Office, McKinsey & Company

Wang Wenyin, Chairman, Amer International Group

Shoei Yamana, President and CEO, Konica Minolta

Zhang Jing, Founder and Chairman, Cedar Holdings Group

Moderator: Adam Lashinsky, Fortune

Photograph by Vivek Prakash/Fortune

In spring 1917, the British Royal Flying Corps introduced the Sopwith Triplane, a three-winged version of the earlier Sopwith Pup fighter. The “Tripe” was only built in limited numbers, but it was issued to elite pilots, such as the famous “Black Flight” of the Royal Naval Air Service—commanded by ace Raymond Collishaw, the Black Flight’s five Triplanes shot down 87 German aircraft in three months.

The German Luftstreitskrafte reacted with shock. To this point, the Germans had usually enjoyed a qualitative advantage over the Allies in the air with their Albatros D.IIIs The Triplane could operate higher and was faster than German fighters, which gave their British and Canadian adversaries the advantage in a dogfight. Germany embarked on a crash program to field their own triplanes, with 37 manufacturers all producing prototypes. The best by far, however, was Fokker’s Dreidekker I, abbreviated Dr.I. After a short period of testing of prototypes, two pre-production aircraft were built and sent to the Western Front for evaluation. Both were given to exceptional pilots—Manfred von Richthofen and Werner Voss. Richthofen, testing the Dr.I in combat for the first time in September 1917, promptly shot down two aircraft and proclaimed the Dr.I a superb aircraft, if tricky to fly. If there was any doubt of its lethality, it was removed on 23 September, when Voss engaged nine British SE.5s of 56 Squadron, all of which were flown by British aces with more than ten victories apiece. Though Voss was killed, his skill and the Dr.I’s manueverability held off nine British aces for ten minutes. Fokker immediately received a production order for 300 Dr.Is.

In combat, the Dr.I was not as fast as the Albatros, but it had a higher rate of climb and phenomenal manueverability—the design was slightly unstable, but an experienced pilot could use its high lift, light controls, and the torque of the engine to make snap rolls to the right almost within the length of the aircraft. It required an experienced pilot, especially on landing, where the torque of the engine and the wings also had a tendency to ground-loop the aircraft. This could be fatal, because the position of the two Spandau machine guns extending into the cockpit could cause a crash-landing pilot to hurtle forward into the gun butts, face-first. The Oberursel engine had a tendency to fall off in power at higher altitudes due to poor lubrication. By far, however, the worst drawback of the Dr.I was its tendency towards wing failures, which were initially believed due to poor workmanship by Fokker. It would be not until after the war that it was learned that the very triple-winged design of the Dreidekker was the problem: the top wing exerted more lift than the bottom two, with the result that the top wing would literally lift itself away from the rest of the aircraft. While it was possible to still fly with the missing top wing, the Dr.I would not fly for long and the pilot would have to make a high-speed landing in an aircraft notorious for crash landings.

Though the Dr.I was issued to two Jasta wings, including von Richthofen’s, in 1917-1918, it was never very popular with the majority of German pilots, and the production of the superb Fokker D.VII, which started about the same time, meant that the Luftstreitskrafte already had a fighter that was faster and more durable than the Dr.I, if not quite as manueverable. A few German aces still preferred the Dr.I, namely von Richthofen—because of the Dreidekker was good at something, it was attacking from ambush. A skilled ace could quickly gain altitude over an unsuspecting enemy, dive down, attack, and then use the kinetic energy built in the dive to zoom back to position, or manuever out of trouble with a quick right roll. Von Richthofen would score his last 20 (out of 80) kills in the Dr.I.

Following the end of World War I, nearly all of Germany’s fighters were purposely burned, either by their own pilots or by the Allies. By World War II, only one Dr.I was known to exist, one of von Richthofen’s aircraft, preserved in a museum in Berlin; the museum was flattened in an Allied bombing raid in 1944. Today, only scattered pieces of original Dr.Is exist. However, the simple manufacturing process of World War I fighters meant that reproductions could easily be built, and several dozen Dr.I replicas continue to fly today.

This is one of those replicas, built by a Frank Heidenreich in 1981. Naturally, as there were no Oberursel engines left, a Warner engine was used instead. It is painted as the most famous Dr.I ever, WK 127/17, flown by the most famous air ace of all, Manfred von Richthofen, the "Red Baron." The original was built as Richthofen's "show plane," which he would fly to war bond tours and for cameras; there is no evidence Richthofen ever flew the aircraft in combat. Though Richthofen became famous for his red aircraft, the Maltese cross had been replaced by the easier to maintain Latin cross by 1917, and Richthofen's combat Dr.Is did not have Maltese crosses. By far, however, WK 127/17 is the most famous Dreidekker ever, and it was the last to survive--the one destroyed in 1944.

Mr. Heidenreich's replica was donated to the Stonehenge Air Museum at Fortine, Montana, and today is displayed at the entrance to the museum building. Though it's not an original engine, it has been modified to spin like the real Oberursel did, and the propeller acts as a ceiling fan! (Hence the blurred prop in the picture.)

David Mellor Visitor Centre

David Mellor is internationally famous for his cutlery.

His chic factory in Hathersage, designed by Sir Michael Hopkins, and purpose-built on the site of the old gasworks, is hailed as a minor masterpiece of modern architecture.

Built in local gritstone with a spectacular lead roof, it blends beautifully into the rural landscape. The factory is open for viewing on Sundays and visitors are welcome to take a look around and watch the various designs being made.

The manufacturing process is surprisingly low-tech and most of it done by hand – if nothing else this explains why the cutlery is so expensive (and so collectable).

In addition to the factory, there is also a stylish shop, a classy café and an interesting design museum.

David Mellor died in 2009, and his talented son Corin continues the design tradition at Hathersage.

www.davidmellordesign.com

Café

My image shows the classy café.

040

Friday, December 8th, 2017

Fortune Global Forum 2017

Guangzhou, China

8:00 AMâ9:20 AM

SMART MANUFACTURING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Around the world, factory floors and assembly lines are becoming highly automated, combining human ingenuity with data and technology to revolutionize product and productivity outcomes. As the notion of a âfactory of the futureâ continues to evolve, how are companies incorporating âsmartâ and connected products into their manufacturing process? From sensors and robots to 3D printing and green technology, global companies are experimenting with a variety of methods to streamline, scale, and sustain their business. Here in China, manufacturers have been asked to deliver on the nationâs âMade in China 2025â strategy and are aggressively pursuing their own strategies to become smarter, greener, and more efficient. As these changes take hold, what are the implications for those doing business in China and for supply chains worldwide? And how are companies redeploying and reeducating their workforces as traditional factory jobs become automated and the need for technically proficient talent increases?

Hosted by The City of Guangzhou

Börje Ekholm, President and CEO, Ericsson Group

Till Reuter, Chief Executive Officer, KUKA

Tony Tan, Partner, Shanghai Office, McKinsey & Company

Wang Wenyin, Chairman, Amer International Group

Shoei Yamana, President and CEO, Konica Minolta

Zhang Jing, Founder and Chairman, Cedar Holdings Group

Moderator: Adam Lashinsky, Fortune

Photograph by Vivek Prakash/Fortune

One of the most daring projects ever undertaken by General Motors, the Allanté was a luxury two-seat roadster that combined a Cadillac chassis and running gear with a body manufactured by Italian coachbuilder Pininfarina.

Just over 21.000 cars were assembled - at a high cost - during the production run from 1986 to 1993. Completed bodies had to be flown from Italy to Detroit for final assembly, creating a very expensive manufacturing process with little chance of making a profit.

The first cars were powered by a 4,1-litre petrol V8 producing 170 PS; in 1989, the engine was upgraded to a 4,5-litre V8 producing a more sports car-like 200 PS. A final - and significant - power upgrade arrived in 1992 with the Northstar V8 engine, a 4,6-litre V8 with nearly 300 PS. Unfortunately, this engine arrived too late to turn the tide on slowing sales, and production ended in 1993.

picked by ethnic Tamil labor

--- 4600 feet elevation

--- each tea leaf is picked by hand rather than by mechanization

--- no artificial preservatives are added at any stage of the manufacturing process

Nuwara Eliya District

Sri Lanka --- the world's fourth largest producer of tea

040913

The first of a series of lines designed to maximize our commitment with environmental sustainability, the Rotsen Ferpas Collection uses scraps of harwood collected from our own manufacturing process, when making larger furniture items such as cocktail tables, dining tables and consoles.

The Ferpas Coffee Table has a round top made as a mosaic of salvaged wood pieces and details in polished aluminum. The metal base is made of steel and finished using a powder coating process.

A round glass top is optional. 1/2" thick suggested.

Customization options include sizes, shapes, metal base finishes, base materials.

The Ferpas Line includes coffee tables, consoles, dining tables and planters.

Rotsen Furniture creates furniture and artwork integrating wood's organic characteristics with a clean, graceful, modernist aesthetic. Each piece is individually and meticulously hand-crafted, often combining wood with metal, glass or Plexiglas resulting in pieces of exquisite craftsmanship. For custom work information and stock availability, contact our sales team at sales@rotsenfurniture.com

MISSION:

Provide the warfighter with 5.56 mm (Ball/Tracer) ammo that improves hard and soft target performance while eliminating more than 2,000 metric tons of lead annually from training ranges.

DESCRIPTION:

The M855A1 Ball Enhanced Performance Round contains an environmentally friendly projectile that eliminates up to 2,000 tons of lead from the manufacturing process each year in direct support of Army commitment to environmental stewardship. The M855A1 is tailored for use in the M-4 weapon system (Colt M4 Carbine and Colt M4A1 Carbine Short Barreled Rifle platforms) but also improves the performance of the M-16 assault rifle and M-249 (FN M249 SAW/LMG) families of weapons. The M855A1 steel penetrator is effective against light armored targets while its three-piece construction maintains operational capabilities against unprotected personnel targets. The M855A1 enhances performance on hard targets or barriers. It contains an improved propellant which reduces flash.

Read more at: asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/peo-ammo-5-56-mm-ball-m85...

040

Friday, December 8th, 2017

Fortune Global Forum 2017

Guangzhou, China

8:00 AM–9:20 AM

SMART MANUFACTURING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Around the world, factory floors and assembly lines are becoming highly automated, combining human ingenuity with data and technology to revolutionize product and productivity outcomes. As the notion of a “factory of the future” continues to evolve, how are companies incorporating “smart” and connected products into their manufacturing process? From sensors and robots to 3D printing and green technology, global companies are experimenting with a variety of methods to streamline, scale, and sustain their business. Here in China, manufacturers have been asked to deliver on the nation’s “Made in China 2025” strategy and are aggressively pursuing their own strategies to become smarter, greener, and more efficient. As these changes take hold, what are the implications for those doing business in China and for supply chains worldwide? And how are companies redeploying and reeducating their workforces as traditional factory jobs become automated and the need for technically proficient talent increases?

Hosted by The City of Guangzhou

Börje Ekholm, President and CEO, Ericsson Group

Till Reuter, Chief Executive Officer, KUKA

Tony Tan, Partner, Shanghai Office, McKinsey & Company

Wang Wenyin, Chairman, Amer International Group

Shoei Yamana, President and CEO, Konica Minolta

Zhang Jing, Founder and Chairman, Cedar Holdings Group

Moderator: Adam Lashinsky, Fortune

Photograph by Vivek Prakash/Fortune

Graver - "PALEO TOOLS: The kinds of tools used by the Paleoindians can tell us much about their way of life. Most of the tools surviving today are made of stone. Spear points, knives, drills, and scrapers are typical Paleoindian artifacts. They were used for a variety of tasks, including hunting and butchering animals, processing plants, and working raw materials to make other tools. Archaeological sites of the Paleoindians contain mostly chipped stone tools and waste flakes left from the manufacturing process. However it is almost certain that these people made wide use of other raw materials including bone, wood, ivory, and antler. Objects made of these materials do not preserve as well as stone and have likely decayed over the past 10,000 years. Springs, sinkholes and deep river beds offer good conditions for preserving organic materials because of their high mineral content and lack of oxygen. Fragments of bone, wood, and other plant remains will give clues to future archaeologists who research the skills that Paleoindians needed to survive in Ice Age Florida. " ~ Display at the Florida Museum of Natural History. (Photo 091712-013.jpg) Paleoindians section of the Division of Historical Resources - Florida Museum of History - Where I used to work - September 17, 2012: A Walk Down Memory Lane - revisiting College Town - Tallahassee, Florida. (c) 2012 - photography by Leaf McGowan, Thomas Baurley, Eadaoin Bineid - technogypsie.com. To purchase this photo or to obtain permission to use, go to www.technogypsie.com/photography/

"PALEOINDIANS: The earliest people who inhabited North America are called Paleoindians. They came to Florida during the end of the last Ice Age, at least 12,000 years ago. Their way of life lasted for about 2,500 years. Archaeologists have found few Paleoindian sites. If, as it seems likely, these early people lived along the coast of Florida, their settlements have been covered by the rising sea level. Compared to later Florida Indian cultures, Paleoindians lived in small, widely dispersed groups. Their artifacts are often found around outcrops of a flint-like rock called chert. Pieces of chert were chipped, or knapped, to make stone tools. Paleoindian artifacts are also found in springs, sinkholes and rivers that were probably ancient waterholes. These were important sources of fresh water in an otherwise dry landscape.

PALEO TIMELINE: 12,000 B.P. to 9,500 B.P. (Before present) - EARLY PALEO PERIOD: 12,000-10,000 BP - Simpson point on mammoth ivory foreshaft (circa 11,500 BP) - First evidence of people on the Florida peninsula, Paleoindians live a semi-nomadic life, hunt big game like mastadon, climate was drier than today, and sea level is more than 100 feet lower than today. - Bison antiguns skull with embedded spearpoint, Wacissa River (circa 11,000 BP).

LATE PALEO PERIOD: 10,000 to 9500 BP - stone bola weight (circa 10,000 BP) had most big game animals extinct, wetter climate prevails, sea level rises gradually, several new styles of stone points appear, like the side notched bolan point. " ~ Display in the Florida Museum of Natural History.

For more information visit:

Paleoindians: www.technogypsie.com/science/?p=939 (expected publication December 2012)

Tallahassee: www.technogypsie.com/reviews/?p=5093 (Expected publication November 2012)

Florida: www.technogypsie.com/reviews/?p=5079 (Expected Publication December 2012)

www.technogypsie.com/reviews/

For travel tales, visit:

www.technogypsie.com/chronicles/

www.yahoo.com/finance/news/chinas-chip-executives-brace-w...

China's chip executives brace for winter as US sanctions push country's semiconductor industry to the brink of desperation

On a recent Wednesday afternoon in Shanghai, the founder of a semiconductor start-up spotted the head of a well-known chip venture capital firm near the elevator at an industry event - and grabbed the chance for a 60-second "elevator pitch". The venture executive walked away and the entrepreneur was left with a sense of foreboding.

"I'll run out of money soon if there's no new investment," said the founder, who declined to be named because of the sensitivity of the topic. "It is not as easy as two years ago, when [former US president Donald] Trump first started to impose sanctions on the industry and largely hyped up the semiconductor investment circle in China," he told the South China Morning Post.

The start-up founder is just one of many Chinese chip entrepreneurs trying to find shelter from the storm that has hit the country's chip industry. The galvanisation of the industry that came in the face of earlier US sanctions has turned to desperation after Washington ratcheted up restrictions. Now, all Chinese chip companies are bracing for a tough year ahead.

In 2020, when Washington blacklisted dozens of Chinese tech companies, including Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) and Hikvision, it helped trigger a boom in China's chip manufacturing and design sector as firms pushed to meet Beijing's call for technological self-reliance. Biren Technology, a chip design firm benefited from this drive, raised 4.7 billion yuan (US$648.5 million) in the first 18 months of its incorporation.

Last year alone, China added 592 chip design firms, or about 11 new start-ups per week. Chinese semiconductor-focused cities like Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Wuxi and Nanjing had a total of 2,810 such firms by the end of the year.

The situation has since changed drastically. During an event at this month's Semicon China summit, four out of five executives from Chinese chip firms predicted that 2023 would be worse than this year, adding that they are "preparing for winter".

"Next year will be relatively sluggish, whether from the global or domestic perspective, so we have to improve our product," said Liu Erzhuang, CEO of Productive Technologies. In addition to partially blaming geopolitics, he also attributed the downturn to the pandemic, interest rate hikes in the US, and a global chip glut.

Zhang Guoming, president of Shanghai-listed semiconductor equipment manufacturer Hwatsing Technology, said chip companies in China have predicted and prepared for a decline next year, which has been anticipated by the global industry after the recent chip shortage reversed into a glut.

Zhang's comments echoed those from an executive at Nanjing-based Atomic Nano-Materials and Equipment, which produces raw materials for semiconductors, who said the downturn was predicted "as early as March" this year.

In July, Gartner projected that the semiconductor industry would face declining revenues in 2023 amid rising inflation and weakening consumer spending, which would mark an abrupt end to one of the industry's biggest boom cycles. The research firm lowered expectations for this year's revenue growth by 6.2 per cent.

"Although chip shortages are abating, the global semiconductor market is entering a period of weakness, which will persist through 2023 when semiconductor revenue is projected to decline 2.5 per cent," Richard Gordon, practice vice-president at Gartner, wrote in a report in July.

In May, Malcolm Penn, chief executive of Future Horizons, warned of a 22 per cent global slump in integrated circuits amid "a collapsing chip market combined with a global economic downturn".

As warning signs for the industry piled up, fresh US export controls imposed in October dealt another unexpected blow.

On October 7, the US Bureau of Industry and Security, an agency under the Department of Commerce, implemented a new round of export controls aiming to curb China's ability to obtain advanced chips, develop and maintain supercomputers, and manufacture advanced semiconductors for military applications, including weapons of mass destruction.

The sanctions, viewed as the most comprehensive and destructive to date targeting China's semiconductor industry, followed the enactment of the US Chips and Science Act to bolster domestic chip making, and the Commerce Department's move to restrict Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) from selling their most advanced artificial intelligence (AI) chips to China.

"[The latest export controls] may make it difficult for us to invest in advanced manufacturing process nodes in the future," said Zhang. "In preparation for the winter, we have to do more research and development."

The impact was immediate. Biren, which boasted of having the ability to design chips more powerful than Nvidia's, was forced to reduce the performance of its chip to avoid the export controls, according to a report by the Financial Times. Biren did not respond to a request for comment.

Maintaining overseas supply chains is critical for Chinese chip design firms, as they rely on the more advanced fabrication plants operated by the likes of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC). HiSilicon, the in-house chip unit of Huawei Technologies, quickly rejected a media report this month saying that it would be able to produce Huawei's advanced Kirin smartphone chip in 2023.

Wafer fabs and chip-making equipment firms, especially those focusing on advanced nodes, are also dealing with the impact of the restrictions.

Xing Xiao, partner and CEO at Shanghai Haiwang Fund Management, said one of the equipment companies in which it invested has seen orders "directly reduced by 20 per cent".

Wafer fabs may also be facing a reduction in production capacity, as the export controls have slowed the pace of expansion and new plant construction, Xing added.

The impact in many different areas may soon add up. Slashed orders, reduced revenue and a lack of investment could force some into bankruptcy.

A record number of chip-related companies have already gone out of business this year. As many as 3,470 companies that include the Chinese word for "chip" in their name or business scope deregistered between January and August, surpassing the 3,420 such firms that closed in 2021, according to statistics from business database platform Qichacha.

"China's semiconductor industry is currently in the recession stage of a business cycle," said Wang Chikun, a researcher at the Beijing-based research institute Kandong. "Existing enterprises are faced with reduced input-output ratios, declining sales, shrinking business scale, as well as lower gross profit."

Not even the biggest companies in the industry are immune to the downturn.

"The inevitable political factors and the pandemic this year have caused some short-term fluctuations," Sun Bin, executive vice-president of ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT), said in a keynote speech at Semicon China. "We need to live through the stage of supply and demand imbalance."

CXMT is one of China's top two memory chip makers, along with Yangtze Memory Technologies (YMTC). Both are believed to be primary targets of the latest US export controls, which restrict China's access to dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips using the 18-nanometre half-pitch node or smaller, and to NAND flash memory chips with 128 layers or more.

"Large companies are also facing a dilemma when their R&D spending is reduced and the speed of new product launches has slowed down," said Xing.

Chip venture capital firms, which have invested tens of billions of dollars annually into the domestic industry over the past few years amid a broader move to boost China's semiconductor self-sufficiency, are also feeling the chilling effects of US restrictions, according to a panel discussion at Semicon China.

Sun Yuwang, president of China Fortune-Tech Capital, a venture capital firm incorporated by SMIC in 2014, said the number of investment projects approved by the company per week has nearly halved compared with four months ago. He attributed this to the "lack of projects with momentum in the semiconductor industry after many years of high-intensity investment".

Sun said the company planned to slow down investment as it prepares for an industry downturn, in addition to raising the standards for new investments and being "especially cautious" with high-value projects.

Investment decisions are also being impacted in other ways. Su Renhong, founding partner at Shanghai Hushan Investment Management, said his company now takes into consideration the nationalities of company executives.

This stems in part from concerns over how US citizens may be impacted by Washington's new rules, which "restrict the ability of US persons to support the development or production" of chips at "certain China-located semiconductor fabrication 'facilities' without a licence". Many executives who have been critical to the development of the domestic industry studied and worked in the US and hold US passports.

"When winter is coming, the first thing entrepreneurs need to do is prepare at least 18 months of cash flow," said Mi Lei, founding partner and co-CEO of venture capital firm CASSTAR, which focuses on hard tech in China and holds a portfolio of more than 150 chip companies.

"It is likely that a start-up will be unable to get follow-on funding in a year or so under an economic downturn or a crisis, so 18 months of cash reserves would be safe for a company to get through such a period," Mi said.

However, some are holding out hope that the downturn will not last more than a year as they seek a chance to take off once investment bubbles pop.

Mi, who has witnessed the evolution of China's chip industry over the past eight years, said the downturn could be helpful to investors as companies return to "rational" market valuations.

While he believes China's semiconductor market is likely to rebound in 2024, he also thinks the industry's future lies in technologies beyond smaller process nodes. Photonic chips, for example, can offer greater performance in AI-related scenarios by using photons, or light particles, instead of the electron-based approach used in traditional integrated circuits, he said.

Unisoc, China's largest fabless chip company in the mobile phone processor market, also sees a bright future for its 5G chips amid increasing demand for such smartphones over the next three years, despite overall weakening demand for electronic products, the company's chairman Wu Shengwu said.

This article originally appeared in the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the most authoritative voice reporting on China and Asia for more than a century.

JCC received a grant award through the Western New York Regional Economic Development Council’s Consolidated Funding Application to offer the Machinist Training Program which features classroom and hands-on training and consists of a mixture of college credit and non-credit classes spread over 12 months. Training for the manufacturing environment includes drafting, shop math, CNC machining, teamwork, and lean manufacturing processes.

A specialist centre to develop new manufacturing processes for lightweight materials for the aerospace and automotive industries is to be set up as a first step towards creating a National Manufacturing Institute for Scotland.

The First Minister announced today that the £8.9m Lightweight Manufacturing Centre, being set up in the former Doosan Babcock facility in Westway, Renfrew, will support highly skilled jobs and help place Scotland at the forefront of lightweight manufacturing.

austin, texas

1977

motorola semiconductor plant

part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf

© the Nick DeWolf Foundation

Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com

Saw this old canal bridge over a river in Coventry. Says Horseley Ironworks on it.

Vignoles Bridge

Vignoles Bridge is a Scheduled Ancient Monument in the City of Coventry in the West Midlands of England. The bridge is a single-span iron footbridge over the River Sherbourne in the Spon End area, just to the west of Coventry city centre and 100 metres (330 ft) west-north-west of Sherbourne House (an office building in use by Coventry City Council).

Thomas Telford developed the first techniques for maximising the potential of cast iron as a construction material, realising that the lighter frames could use flatter angles and less substantial foundations than timber bridges while preserving the single span, and thus the navigability of the waterways they cross. English Heritage, which is responsible for scheduling ancient monuments in England, considers all examples of iron bridges "which retain significant original fabric" to be of importance. Vignoles Bridge is of particular interest because it "survives well and retains its original features thus demonstrating its engineering design and reflecting the manufacturing process", despite having been moved from its original site.

The bridge originally occupied a site on the Oxford Canal (which runs from Coventry to Oxford). It is cast iron and was built at Horseley Iron Works—whose name is cast into the span of the bridge on one side—in Tipton around 1835. The bridge, which was designed by Charles Vignoles (after whom it is named), was moved to its current site in 1969. The walkway is covered with tarmac and has cast iron balustrades either side, while the abutments connecting the bridge to the river bank are brick.

A beautiful Prim Sport "Igen" 38 being rebuilt in the watch restoration and assembly room at Prim.

On September 26, 2008 my family and I were privileged to spend the day in the beautiful town of Nové Mesto nad Metují in the east of the Czech Republic, close to the Polish border. Our host was Mr. Jan Prokop, Marketing Director (and principal designer) at the ELTON hodinárská, a.s. - the manufacturers of fine bespoke Prim wristwatches.

Mr. Prokop collected us from our hotel in Prague, drove us to Nové Mesto nad Metují and back (a round trip of three hours), presented their current product range, guided us through their interesting museum, and led us on a tour of the full manufacturing operation at Prim. This was a fantastic opportunity, and we got to see everything from the manufacturing of cases, dials, hesatite crystals and hands through to the final assembly process. We also saw great examples of their bespoke manufacturing capability as well as their top class restoration service. Mr Prokop ended a fine day with a meal and good local beer in a restaurant on the old town square.

Six weeks after our visit I sent my prized Prim Sport "Igen" 38 (produced in the 60's and early-70's) to ELTON where it is currently being restored and modernised to my specification, as well as being personalised. I can't wait to get it back - my first bespoke wristwatch and an heirloom to pass on to my son!

Although obviously sensitive about certain parts of their operation, Mr. Prokop graciously allowed me to take many photographs during our visit, and here they are for your viewing pleasure. As you will see, these are truly hand-made watches that combine both leading edge design and manufacturing processes and age-old processes and technologies. It is this progressive traditionalism and craftsmanship that gives these unique timepieces their individual character...and I love them!

Stone Awl - "PALEO TOOLS: The kinds of tools used by the Paleoindians can tell us much about their way of life. Most of the tools surviving today are made of stone. Spear points, knives, drills, and scrapers are typical Paleoindian artifacts. They were used for a variety of tasks, including hunting and butchering animals, processing plants, and working raw materials to make other tools. Archaeological sites of the Paleoindians contain mostly chipped stone tools and waste flakes left from the manufacturing process. However it is almost certain that these people made wide use of other raw materials including bone, wood, ivory, and antler. Objects made of these materials do not preserve as well as stone and have likely decayed over the past 10,000 years. Springs, sinkholes and deep river beds offer good conditions for preserving organic materials because of their high mineral content and lack of oxygen. Fragments of bone, wood, and other plant remains will give clues to future archaeologists who research the skills that Paleoindians needed to survive in Ice Age Florida. " ~ Display at the Florida Museum of Natural History. (Photo 091712-013.jpg) Paleoindians section of the Division of Historical Resources - Florida Museum of History - Where I used to work - September 17, 2012: A Walk Down Memory Lane - revisiting College Town - Tallahassee, Florida. (c) 2012 - photography by Leaf McGowan, Thomas Baurley, Eadaoin Bineid - technogypsie.com. To purchase this photo or to obtain permission to use, go to www.technogypsie.com/photography/

"PALEOINDIANS: The earliest people who inhabited North America are called Paleoindians. They came to Florida during the end of the last Ice Age, at least 12,000 years ago. Their way of life lasted for about 2,500 years. Archaeologists have found few Paleoindian sites. If, as it seems likely, these early people lived along the coast of Florida, their settlements have been covered by the rising sea level. Compared to later Florida Indian cultures, Paleoindians lived in small, widely dispersed groups. Their artifacts are often found around outcrops of a flint-like rock called chert. Pieces of chert were chipped, or knapped, to make stone tools. Paleoindian artifacts are also found in springs, sinkholes and rivers that were probably ancient waterholes. These were important sources of fresh water in an otherwise dry landscape.

PALEO TIMELINE: 12,000 B.P. to 9,500 B.P. (Before present) - EARLY PALEO PERIOD: 12,000-10,000 BP - Simpson point on mammoth ivory foreshaft (circa 11,500 BP) - First evidence of people on the Florida peninsula, Paleoindians live a semi-nomadic life, hunt big game like mastadon, climate was drier than today, and sea level is more than 100 feet lower than today. - Bison antiguns skull with embedded spearpoint, Wacissa River (circa 11,000 BP).

LATE PALEO PERIOD: 10,000 to 9500 BP - stone bola weight (circa 10,000 BP) had most big game animals extinct, wetter climate prevails, sea level rises gradually, several new styles of stone points appear, like the side notched bolan point. " ~ Display in the Florida Museum of Natural History.

For more information visit:

Paleoindians: www.technogypsie.com/science/?p=939 (expected publication December 2012)

Tallahassee: www.technogypsie.com/reviews/?p=5093 (Expected publication November 2012)

Florida: www.technogypsie.com/reviews/?p=5079 (Expected Publication December 2012)

www.technogypsie.com/reviews/

For travel tales, visit:

www.technogypsie.com/chronicles/

A change-making, industry-shaking fabric, Revolution is a breakthrough in textile circularity.

The first fabric to be produced using Camira’s advanced textile recycling capability, iinouiio, Revolution uses waste wool yarn from our own manufacturing processes to create a fabric that is truly closing the loop, and opening the door to a new, exciting era of sustainability.

Picture of welding the bike frame during the manufacturing process.

during the manufacturing process of tsipouro

Katoen, borduursel / Cotton, embroidery

Hella Jongerius (1963) geldt internationaal als een van de belangrijkste ontwerpers van haar generatie. In 1993 start zij in Rotterdam haar studio Jongeriuslab, waar zij zowel in eigen beheer als in opdracht van nationale en internationale bedrijven producten ontwerpt. Jongerius introduceert in de jaren negentig ambachtelijke imperfecties en individualiteit in industriële productiemethodes. Ambachtelijke kwaliteiten zijn volgens Jongerius niet afleesbaar aan de perfectie waarmee dingen zijn gemaakt, maar aan de afwijkingen, ‘misfits’, de zichtbare sporen van de hand van de maker.

Hella Jongerius (1963) is internationally regarded as one of the most important designers of her generation. She began her own studio Jongeriuslab in Rotterdam in 1993, designing products for international clients and also self-initiated projects. In the 1990s she introduced imperfections and individuality into the industrial manufacturing process. Jongerius believes that the quality of craftsmanship is not legible in perfect products but only in the ‘misfits’ that betray the process and the hand of the maker.

EXHIBITION

100 Best Posters 14

GERMANY, AUSTRIA, SWITZERLAND

MI, MO 11/11/2015, 03/28/2016

MAK Art Print Hall

Already for the tenth time, the MAK in the exhibition 100 Best Posters 14. Germany Austria Switzerland shows the hundred most compelling design concepts in the probably hottest medium of visual everyday culture: the poster. The current winning projects of the popular graphic design competition are characterized by an enigmatic pictural humor, explosive colors as well as precise designs and demonstrate impressively that a poster can be more than just an banal advertising space. Many of the award-winning works furthermore also rely on a subtle play with typography. Innovative ideas can also be found in the manufacturing process: This year's competition shows that you can readily knit posters in high-tech process or use a thermo-insulating space blanket as carrier material for screen printing.

Hardly any medium is such clocked on the consumption and nevertheless sets trends at the cutting edge. "[...] The poster designer challenges himself repeatedly and enjoys himself at gained symbols." Says Götz Gramlich, President of the association 100 Best Posters eV, and he postulats. "A good poster unfolds in the mind of the beholder."

From over 1 800 submitted individual posters, composed of contract work, self-initiated posters/self-promotion as well as student project orders from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, awarded the international jury, consisting of Richard van der Laken (Amsterdam, Chairman), Christof Nardin (Wien), Jiri Oplatek (Basel), Nicolaus Ott (Berlin) and Ariane Spanier (Berlin), the 100 winning posters of the year 2014.

In the competition participated 575 submitters (men and women), of which 48 are from Austria, 128 from Switzerland and 399 from Germany. The leader among the winning 100 best is Switzerland with 51 winning projects, followed by 44 German and 5 Austrian contributions.

The by sensomatic design (Christine Zmölnig and Florian Koch, Vienna) designed catalog offers in addition to the illustrations of all the winning posters and the contacts with the designers also this year a captivating essay by Thomas Friedrich: On the dialectics of image and text in the poster today. In a concise way, he looks at the contextuality of posters and explains the theme facetiously and pictorially based on a poster for a bullfight. Read more in the catalog!

For the corporate design of this year's competition and the new Web Visuals also sensomatic design, Vienna, is responsible. Since June 2014, the new online archive on the homepage of the 100 Best Posters Registered Association offers a comprehensive overview of all award-winning works from the years 2001-2014.

The exhibition takes place in cooperation with 100 Best Posters e. V.

100-beste-plakate.de

Curator Peter Klinger, Deputy Head of the MAK Library and Works on Paper Collection

AUSSTELLUNG

100 Beste Plakate 14

DEUTSCHLAND ÖSTERREICH SCHWEIZ

MI, 11.11.2015–MO, 28.03.2016

MAK-KUNSTBLÄTTERSAAL

Bereits zum zehnten Mal zeigt das MAK in der Ausstellung 100 BESTE PLAKATE 14. Deutschland Österreich Schweiz die einhundert überzeugendsten Gestaltungskonzepte im wohl heißesten Medium der visuellen Alltagskultur: dem Plakat. Die aktuellen Siegerprojekte des beliebten Grafikdesignwettbewerbs bestechen mit hintergründigem Bildwitz, explosiver Farbgebung sowie exakten Ausführungen und demonstrieren eindrücklich, dass ein Plakat mehr als nur banale Werbefläche sein kann. Viele der prämierten Arbeiten setzen außerdem auf ein subtiles Spiel mit Typografie. Innovative Ideen finden sich auch im Herstellungsprozess: Der diesjährige Wettbewerb zeigt, dass man Plakate ohne Weiteres im Hightech-Verfahren stricken oder eine thermo-isolierende Rettungsdecke als Trägermaterial für einen Siebdruck verwenden kann.

Kaum ein Medium ist derart auf den Verbrauch hin getaktet und setzt dennoch Trends am Puls der Zeit. „[…] der Plakatgestalter fordert sich immer wieder selbst heraus und erfreut sich an gewonnenen Sinnbildern.“ so Götz Gramlich, Präsident des Vereins 100 Beste Plakate e. V., und er postuliert: „Ein gutes Plakat entfaltet sich im Kopf des Betrachters.“

Aus über 1 800 eingereichten Einzelplakaten, zusammengesetzt aus Auftragsarbeiten, selbst initiierten Plakaten/Eigenwerbungen sowie studentischen Projektaufträgen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, prämierte die international besetzte Fachjury, bestehend aus Richard van der Laken (Amsterdam, Vorsitz), Christof Nardin (Wien), Jiri Oplatek (Basel), Nicolaus Ott (Berlin) und Ariane Spanier (Berlin), die 100 Siegerplakate des Jahres 2014.

Am Wettbewerb hatten sich 575 EinreicherInnen beteiligt, davon 48 aus Österreich, 128 aus der Schweiz und 399 aus Deutschland. Spitzenreiter unter den prämierten 100 Besten ist die Schweiz mit 51 Siegerprojekten, gefolgt von 44 deutschen und 5 österreichischen Beiträgen.

Der von sensomatic design (Christine Zmölnig und Florian Koch, Wien) gestaltete Katalog bietet neben den Abbildungen aller Siegerplakate und den Kontakten zu den GestalterInnen auch dieses Jahr einen bestechenden Aufsatz von Thomas Friedrich: Zur Dialektik von Bild und Text im Plakat heute. In pointierter Form geht er auf die Kontextualität von Plakaten ein und erklärt das Thema witzig und bildhaft anhand eines Plakats für einen Stierkampf. Mehr dazu im Katalog!

Für das Corporate Design des diesjährigen Wettbewerbs und die neuen Web-Visuals zeichnet ebenfalls sensomatic design, Wien, verantwortlich. Seit Juni 2014 bietet das neue Online-Archiv auf der Homepage der 100 Beste Plakate e. V. einen umfassenden Überblick aller prämierten Arbeiten aus den Jahren 2001 bis 2014.

Die Ausstellung findet in Kooperation mit 100 Beste Plakate e. V. statt.

100-beste-plakate.de

Kurator: Peter Klinger, Stellvertretende Leitung MAK-Bibliothek und Kunstblättersammlung

www.mak.at/programm/ausstellungen?set-ad=y&event_id=1...

Nao Victoria replica at the Ice Factory

On the top floor of the old Ice Factory, now the Doñana Visitor Center, there is a scale replica of the Nao Victoria, one of the five ships that set off in search of the spice route from the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 20, 1519, being the only one that returned to the same port of Sanlúcar, on September 6, 1522, thus completing the First Circumnavegation of the World three years after his departure.

The link between Sanlúcar, Seville, Portugal and the Basque Country is latent in the representation of the Nao Victoria, since its name comes from the church of Santa María de la Victoria in Triana, where Magellan, captain of the expedition, swore to serve the King Carlos I. In addition, the Guadalquivir river would make Sanlúcar the protagonist in this feat, as it is the umbilical cord between this port and that of Seville, with Sanlúcar having a fundamental role in the Journey, since it is here where the expedition of spices was born and ended .

Likewise, tradition tells that the ship was built in the shipyards of Zarauz, in the Basque Country, being the Basque Country the place of origin of Juan Sebastián Elcano, who would be the commander who finished the expedition when Magellan died in April 1521, in the island of Mactan, just before reaching the Moluccas islands, where the long-awaited spices were found.

As for this replica of the Nao Victoria, it is a 1:8 scale model of the original. On the exhibition base, barrels, pipes, bales, and boxes are represented in which the supplies and provisions, water, food and other elements for the journey were carried.

Without a doubt, the Doñana Visitor Center, the Ice Factory, is a place of interest to learn about the History and Culture that surrounds the surroundings of Doñana and the Guadalquivir river.

The Ice Factory is a modernist style building built in 1944, under the name of Marqués de Valterra. It is located on Avenida Bajo de Guía in Sanlúcar

This supplied ice to the fishing boats in Sanlúcar and remained in operation in its original role until 1978, after having overcome a serious explosion caused by the gases used in the manufacturing process. It is decorated with tiles from Triana (Seville).

In the year 2000 it was converted into the Visitor Center of the Doñana National Park

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanl%C3%BAcar_de_Barrameda#:~:text=...

Io Aircraft - www.ioaircraft.com

Drew Blair

www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/

io aircraft, phantom express, phantom works, boeing phantom works, lockheed skunk works, hypersonic weapon, hypersonic missile, scramjet missile, scramjet engineering, scramjet physics, boost glide, tactical glide vehicle, Boeing XS-1, htv, Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon, (ARRW), hypersonic tactical vehicle, hypersonic plane, hypersonic aircraft, space plane, scramjet, turbine based combined cycle, ramjet, dual mode ramjet, darpa, onr, navair, afrl, air force research lab, defense science, missile defense agency, aerospike,

Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft

Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.

Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.

*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.

What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.

Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)

To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5

However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.

Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation

Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.

Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes

For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.

Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources

Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.

Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.

As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.

As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).

Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction

Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.

Improved Bow Shock Interaction

Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.

6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance

To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.

*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope

Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling

With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.

Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition

Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.

Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities

Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.

Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)

To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.

A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.

EXHIBITION

100 Best Posters 14

GERMANY, AUSTRIA, SWITZERLAND

MI, MO 11/11/2015, 03/28/2016

MAK Art Print Hall

Already for the tenth time, the MAK in the exhibition 100 Best Posters 14. Germany Austria Switzerland shows the hundred most compelling design concepts in the probably hottest medium of visual everyday culture: the poster. The current winning projects of the popular graphic design competition are characterized by an enigmatic pictural humor, explosive colors as well as precise designs and demonstrate impressively that a poster can be more than just an banal advertising space. Many of the award-winning works furthermore also rely on a subtle play with typography. Innovative ideas can also be found in the manufacturing process: This year's competition shows that you can readily knit posters in high-tech process or use a thermo-insulating space blanket as carrier material for screen printing.

Hardly any medium is such clocked on the consumption and nevertheless sets trends at the cutting edge. "[...] The poster designer challenges himself repeatedly and enjoys himself at gained symbols." Says Götz Gramlich, President of the association 100 Best Posters eV, and he postulats. "A good poster unfolds in the mind of the beholder."

From over 1 800 submitted individual posters, composed of contract work, self-initiated posters/self-promotion as well as student project orders from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, awarded the international jury, consisting of Richard van der Laken (Amsterdam, Chairman), Christof Nardin (Wien), Jiri Oplatek (Basel), Nicolaus Ott (Berlin) and Ariane Spanier (Berlin), the 100 winning posters of the year 2014.

In the competition participated 575 submitters (men and women), of which 48 are from Austria, 128 from Switzerland and 399 from Germany. The leader among the winning 100 best is Switzerland with 51 winning projects, followed by 44 German and 5 Austrian contributions.

The by sensomatic design (Christine Zmölnig and Florian Koch, Vienna) designed catalog offers in addition to the illustrations of all the winning posters and the contacts with the designers also this year a captivating essay by Thomas Friedrich: On the dialectics of image and text in the poster today. In a concise way, he looks at the contextuality of posters and explains the theme facetiously and pictorially based on a poster for a bullfight. Read more in the catalog!

For the corporate design of this year's competition and the new Web Visuals also sensomatic design, Vienna, is responsible. Since June 2014, the new online archive on the homepage of the 100 Best Posters Registered Association offers a comprehensive overview of all award-winning works from the years 2001-2014.

The exhibition takes place in cooperation with 100 Best Posters e. V.

100-beste-plakate.de

Curator Peter Klinger, Deputy Head of the MAK Library and Works on Paper Collection

AUSSTELLUNG

100 Beste Plakate 14

DEUTSCHLAND ÖSTERREICH SCHWEIZ

MI, 11.11.2015–MO, 28.03.2016

MAK-KUNSTBLÄTTERSAAL

Bereits zum zehnten Mal zeigt das MAK in der Ausstellung 100 BESTE PLAKATE 14. Deutschland Österreich Schweiz die einhundert überzeugendsten Gestaltungskonzepte im wohl heißesten Medium der visuellen Alltagskultur: dem Plakat. Die aktuellen Siegerprojekte des beliebten Grafikdesignwettbewerbs bestechen mit hintergründigem Bildwitz, explosiver Farbgebung sowie exakten Ausführungen und demonstrieren eindrücklich, dass ein Plakat mehr als nur banale Werbefläche sein kann. Viele der prämierten Arbeiten setzen außerdem auf ein subtiles Spiel mit Typografie. Innovative Ideen finden sich auch im Herstellungsprozess: Der diesjährige Wettbewerb zeigt, dass man Plakate ohne Weiteres im Hightech-Verfahren stricken oder eine thermo-isolierende Rettungsdecke als Trägermaterial für einen Siebdruck verwenden kann.

Kaum ein Medium ist derart auf den Verbrauch hin getaktet und setzt dennoch Trends am Puls der Zeit. „[…] der Plakatgestalter fordert sich immer wieder selbst heraus und erfreut sich an gewonnenen Sinnbildern.“ so Götz Gramlich, Präsident des Vereins 100 Beste Plakate e. V., und er postuliert: „Ein gutes Plakat entfaltet sich im Kopf des Betrachters.“

Aus über 1 800 eingereichten Einzelplakaten, zusammengesetzt aus Auftragsarbeiten, selbst initiierten Plakaten/Eigenwerbungen sowie studentischen Projektaufträgen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, prämierte die international besetzte Fachjury, bestehend aus Richard van der Laken (Amsterdam, Vorsitz), Christof Nardin (Wien), Jiri Oplatek (Basel), Nicolaus Ott (Berlin) und Ariane Spanier (Berlin), die 100 Siegerplakate des Jahres 2014.

Am Wettbewerb hatten sich 575 EinreicherInnen beteiligt, davon 48 aus Österreich, 128 aus der Schweiz und 399 aus Deutschland. Spitzenreiter unter den prämierten 100 Besten ist die Schweiz mit 51 Siegerprojekten, gefolgt von 44 deutschen und 5 österreichischen Beiträgen.

Der von sensomatic design (Christine Zmölnig und Florian Koch, Wien) gestaltete Katalog bietet neben den Abbildungen aller Siegerplakate und den Kontakten zu den GestalterInnen auch dieses Jahr einen bestechenden Aufsatz von Thomas Friedrich: Zur Dialektik von Bild und Text im Plakat heute. In pointierter Form geht er auf die Kontextualität von Plakaten ein und erklärt das Thema witzig und bildhaft anhand eines Plakats für einen Stierkampf. Mehr dazu im Katalog!

Für das Corporate Design des diesjährigen Wettbewerbs und die neuen Web-Visuals zeichnet ebenfalls sensomatic design, Wien, verantwortlich. Seit Juni 2014 bietet das neue Online-Archiv auf der Homepage der 100 Beste Plakate e. V. einen umfassenden Überblick aller prämierten Arbeiten aus den Jahren 2001 bis 2014.

Die Ausstellung findet in Kooperation mit 100 Beste Plakate e. V. statt.

100-beste-plakate.de

Kurator: Peter Klinger, Stellvertretende Leitung MAK-Bibliothek und Kunstblättersammlung

www.mak.at/programm/ausstellungen?set-ad=y&event_id=1...

Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, a region sometimes called the "American Heartland". Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; it is the only U.S. state whose eastern and western borders are formed entirely by rivers. Iowa is bordered by Wisconsin and Illinois to the east, Missouri to the south, Nebraska and South Dakota to the west, and Minnesota to the north.

In colonial times, Iowa was a part of French Louisiana; its current state flag is patterned after the flag of France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt.

In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, information technology, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...

Le porte ad impacchettamento sono prevalentemente indicate per la chiusura di medi e grandi vani, sia all'interno che all'esterno di qualsiasi tipo di fabbricato industriale.

L'elevata velocità di apertura e chiusura (fino a 1 m/s), ne permette l'utilizzo in ambienti ove sia previsto un intenso traffico di persone, carrelli e automezzi.

Le caratteristiche fisiche del telo permettono di isolare i locali termicamente, oltre che da polvere e rumore, migliorando le condizioni di lavoro e consentendo un notevole risparmio energetico.

Il movimento avviene per mezzo di cinghie di sollevamento ad elevata resistenza che salendo verso la traversa superiore raccolgono i settori del telo oltre la luce del vano.

Per ulteriori informazioni visitate il nostro sito web o contattateci al:

OCM Industrial Doors Srl

Via Mongilardi, 3

13900 Biella Italy

Tel.: (+39) 015 . 840 83 01

Fax: (+39) 015 . 849 26 60

Gps: N 45°32'52'',E 8°02'55''

www.ocmflex.com

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This type of door is suited for larger size openings and is designed for prolonged everyday use both internally and externally with minimal maintenance.

OCM strives to achieve the optimum solution for all high-speed door solutions. This is achieved through a strict quality environment and controlled manufacturing process.

Getting to find the right industrial door is a matter of protection, safety, operational conditions, cost efficiency and building design. Working environment and energy savings are others important parameters.

The characteristics of the curtain allows to thermally insulate the local.

For any further information visit our website or contact us:

OCM Industrial Doors Srl

Via Mongilardi, 3

13900 Biella Italy

Tel.: (+39) 015 . 840 83 01

Fax: (+39) 015 . 849 26 60

Gps: N 45°32'52'',E 8°02'55''

www.ocmflex.com

Selmer Paris Saxophones have been regarded as ‘the best of the best’ for many years & have provided the sax of choice of a large proportion of the great players down the ages. This example of a 2021 instrument shows the fine circular markings of the machining used in the manufacturing process. Shot on a Lumix S1R with Laowa 24mm probe lens, dozens of images have been stacked together to bring out the depth and detail of this radiant tunnel.

Unlike other vertical blinds, our 28-30 Gauge vinyl vanes will not crimp, bend, tear or break. A special manufacturing process ensures that the vanes stay in perfect alignment.

-Curved PVC Vertical Blinds PVC Vertical Blinds are available with smooth vanes in an array of colors or textured vanes that beautifully replicate the look of fabric.

- Fabric Vertical Blinds Contemporary woven textures and classic, sophisticated patterns add richness, warmth and color to any room.

- S-Shaped Vanes This uniquely shaped vane closes tighter to block incoming light and provide greater privacy.

Call Al @ 916.799.4376

Email @ Al.Turk@3Day.com

via

Today, nonwovens are much more than just a fabric. Nonwovens are used in numerous markets such as the automotive or clothing industry, in the construction or medical sector, for numerous purposes. It is also used in the electrical industry: As phase insulation in the production of electric motors, as a resin carrier in laminates or as layer insulation in the production of transformers.

Advantages of nonwovens

Basically, nonwoven offers many advantages as a technical textile. Due to its composition of different fibers, the material can be adapted to its subsequent application in terms of composition, bonding of the fibers and manufacturing process. Spunbonded nonwovens, for example, are suitable as a material for manufacturing numerous hygiene articles such as baby diapers or bandages, but also for technical applications or the construction industry.

Production of nonwovens

Nonwovens are manufactured using innovative technologies and, depending on the production process, are perfectly tailored to the needs of the respective application areas. The product portfolio comprises numerous technical textiles and fabrics – including nonwovens such as staple fiber nonwovens, spunbond nonwovens, meltblown nonwovens or wetlaid nonwovens.

Differentiation of nonwovens

There are 4 types of nonwovens:

Staple fiber nonwovens

Spunbond nonwovens

Meltblown nonwovens

Wetlaid nonwovens

To the individual nonwoven types

Staple fiber nonwovens

Staple fiber nonwovens are used for technical textiles with high elasticity and variable basis weight. Staple fiber nonwovens are made from staple fibers that nonwoven manufacturers usually buy in. These fibers are opened and blended before processing. Nonwovens are formed on carding machines with rotating rolls. If high basis weights are to be achieved, crosslappers are used.

Depending on the application, a wide range of raw materials can be processed, e.g. synthetic fibers including viscose as well as natural, glass and carbon fibers.

Raw materials used for staple fiber nonwovens

Synthetic fibers including viscose, natural, glass and carbon fibers.

Meltblown nonwovens

Meltblown nonwovens are very fine, melt-spun microfibers for a wide variety of applications. The meltblown process is similar to spunbond technology. At the nozzle tip, a hot gas stream flows at high velocity around the extruded, molten polymer. The turbulent hot gas flow below the nozzle scatters the filaments from about 500 microns below the nozzle to about 1 micron on the collection belt.

Compared to spunbond technology, the required melt flow index (MFI) value of the polymer is very high, and the throughput through the single spinneret is very low. The low throughput through very small nozzle holes and the high melt index provide the basis for spinning very fine fibers.

Spunbond nonwovens

Unlike staple fiber nonwoven technology, spunbond technology eliminated the costly first process step of fiber spinning. In this process, synthetic polymers are extruded as granules of different geometries. The molten polymer, mainly polypropylene, polyester or polyethylene, is spun into continuous filaments using spinnerets.

These filaments are first cooled and stretched with air below the spinnerets, and finally deposited on a collecting belt – a process that takes place continuously. In this process, polyester must be spun at higher speeds than polypropylene in order to achieve the desired quality characteristics such as titer, strength, elongation and shrinkage.

Wetlaid nonwovens

In this process, staple fibers of up to 12 mm staple length are dispersed in water in large tanks, often blended with viscose or wood pulp. The water-fiber pulp dispersion is then pumped onto an inclined screen and continuously deposited. The water is extracted, filtered and returned to the process.

In addition to synthetic fibers, glass, ceramic and carbon fibers are also used in this process. To distinguish wetlaid nonwovens from papers, wetlaid nonwovens must process more than 30 percent by weight of fibers with a slenderness ratio greater than 300.

Contract slitting and cutting of nonwovens

We slit nonwovens from all manufacturers into narrow cut rolls on our slitting lines.

The post Nonwovens: Materials, Technologies & Applications appeared first on Dr. Dietrich Müller GmbH.

www.mueller-ahlhorn.com/nonwovens-materials-technologies-...

David Mellor Visitor Centre

David Mellor was internationally famous for his cutlery.

His chic factory in Hathersage, designed by Sir Michael Hopkins, and purpose-built on the site of the old gasworks, is hailed as a minor masterpiece of modern architecture.

Built in local gritstone with a spectacular lead roof, it blends beautifully into the rural landscape.

The factory is open for viewing on Sundays, and visitors are welcome to take a look around and watch the various designs being made.

The manufacturing process is surprisingly low-tech and most of it is done by hand – this explains why the cutlery is so expensive and so collectable.

In addition to the factory, there is also a stylish shop, a classy café and a small but interesting design museum.

David Mellor died in 2009, and his talented son Corin continues the design tradition at Hathersage.

www.davidmellordesign.com/about

The Shop

Charles Taylor Lathe.

On display in the stylish shop.

040

Friday, December 8th, 2017

Fortune Global Forum 2017

Guangzhou, China

8:00 AMâ9:20 AM

SMART MANUFACTURING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Around the world, factory floors and assembly lines are becoming highly automated, combining human ingenuity with data and technology to revolutionize product and productivity outcomes. As the notion of a âfactory of the futureâ continues to evolve, how are companies incorporating âsmartâ and connected products into their manufacturing process? From sensors and robots to 3D printing and green technology, global companies are experimenting with a variety of methods to streamline, scale, and sustain their business. Here in China, manufacturers have been asked to deliver on the nationâs âMade in China 2025â strategy and are aggressively pursuing their own strategies to become smarter, greener, and more efficient. As these changes take hold, what are the implications for those doing business in China and for supply chains worldwide? And how are companies redeploying and reeducating their workforces as traditional factory jobs become automated and the need for technically proficient talent increases?

Hosted by The City of Guangzhou

Börje Ekholm, President and CEO, Ericsson Group

Till Reuter, Chief Executive Officer, KUKA

Tony Tan, Partner, Shanghai Office, McKinsey & Company

Wang Wenyin, Chairman, Amer International Group

Shoei Yamana, President and CEO, Konica Minolta

Zhang Jing, Founder and Chairman, Cedar Holdings Group

Moderator: Adam Lashinsky, Fortune

Photograph by Vivek Prakash/Fortune

A specialist centre to develop new manufacturing processes for lightweight materials for the aerospace and automotive industries is to be set up as a first step towards creating a National Manufacturing Institute for Scotland.

The First Minister announced today that the £8.9m Lightweight Manufacturing Centre, being set up in the former Doosan Babcock facility in Westway, Renfrew, will support highly skilled jobs and help place Scotland at the forefront of lightweight manufacturing.

Beyond Prototyping is a research project looking at the dynamics between the designer, manufacturing process and the consumer in creating everyday products in the age of digital fabrication. The “meaning” of an artifact transcends its physical utility and technical characteristics and is increasingly a personal narrative. The three case studies, Ciphering, Locatable and Highlight illustrate different strategies of how the experts and the target audience can together create meaningful, unique artifacts, based on an algorithmic design idea and through an online platform for intuitive interaction.

credit: Ars Electronica / Martin Hieslmair

Nation : Czechoslovakia

Pavilion Name : Czechoslovakia Pavilion

Subject : Fashion

Island : Ile Notre Dame

Description : Fine materials used in Czechoslovakian designer collections. Found in the "Inspiration" themed section of the pavilion.

General Description:

The two storey Czechoslovakia Pavilion consisted of two buildings linked by an entrance hall. A simple, clear architectural strategy provided a harmonious backdrop for the exhibition's exciting displays. The first building featured two levels of exhibition space with a central courtyard which drew some of the largest crowds at Expo. Czechoslovakian art, technology and industry were presented to visitors through an attractive mixture of light, sound and video. The Hall of Centuries exhibit showcased texts and artifacts from ancient royalty. In the Hall of Tradition, visitors could find old and new glass and crystal and learn about their manufacturing processes. The World of Children enchanted the pavilion's younger visitors featuring puppet shows performing traditional tales. The second building featured four restaurants; Le Bistro served light snacks; the Bratislava Inn was a wine tavern; the Castle Restaurant featured fine Czechoslovakian cuisine; and the Prague was home to the famous pilsener Urquell beer. Offices, a gift shop and a theatre could also be found in this second Czechoslovakian building.

iPlay V1

Our design had to be cheap to manufacture, with minimal manufacture processes and a low overall cost. Keeping this in mind I sketched my basic idea and then rendered it. After exporting the DXF files I lasercut them and had my first prototype.

There is an everlasting debate amongst gamers as to which console and controller is the best. I found that the PS3 controller was the most popular second being Xbox 360. The PS3 controller is symettrical unlike the Xbox controller and is so ergonomoic you can often forget you are holding it.

I illustrated the PS3 controller outline to kickstart the CAD process. My design consists of 3 layers of 5mm acrylic creating an iphone cavity depth of 10mm (iPhone 4 has a thickness of 9.3mm) and an overall thickness of 15mm. The structure would be held together with tight fit acrylic rods. I need to carry out test pieces on 2.99+-0.1mm radii to decide what are the best dimensions to use for these slots bearing in mind the lasercutter burns away material.

The whole in the bottom layer is so the device can be pushed out from the case after use.

V2

I asked some students to test the V1 prototype. They liked the product especially its simplicity. There were points that I could develop and improve.

Not all iPhone games auto orientate, hence it was essential I adapted my design so the phone could be rotated 180 degress. This would be easy by simply duplicating the button slots.

In addition to this there was no camera hole. If I were to introduce a camera holeto the design it would have to be duplicated 180 degrees to ensure photos could be taken no matter what orientation the iPhone was.

Taking this on board I designed and manufactured iPlay V2. Although acrylic rod would create a tight fit, 4 drops of dichloromethane would chemically weld the components together for a long lasting permanent fit. After this I used a buffing wheel to create round edges making the product more ergonomic to hold.

V3

Once again I asked some students for feedback on my prototype. They were impressed with how I addressed the previous issues. The only negative point raised was that it would not fit in your pocket. This was the next challenge I faced.

I considered hinging the lower two arms and making them lock into the back of the case. However this would make the design more complex and increase cost and manufacturing processes.

I moved the top pair of holes further up to better distribute the stress. I decided to split the product in half. My V3 model has alternating layers this creates cavities that allow it to be locked together together when not in use as photographed. This would easily fit in you pocket.

The problem the alternating layers created is a less ergonomic shape. Secondly there was nothing holding the two half together when placed on the phone.

In my V4 model I introduced a rubber band which kept the two half together when on the phone. It would also prevent one half form being lost. This created a new problem; the top half of the rubber band would not always line up as there was nothing guiding it. This was my next problem to solve.

V4

My final model would be made from acrylic but I was not going to buff it as that would add a manufacture process and would siginificanty increase the manufacture time. Since I was already using the laser cutter for cutting my components I thought I may aswell engrave some sort of graphics onto the top layer. I decided to remove the gaps in between the layers to make it better to hold and to remodel the rubberband tracks.

V5

I solved the problem of the inconvenient rubber band with two more locating rods on the top. These extra rods would keep the rubber band guided along the correct track. I made a MDF prototype to test my idea and it worked successfully even with coffee stirrers replicating the acrylic rod.

Satisfied with my idea I finally created an acrylic version. This required a bit more thought than previously as I had to accomodate for the thick rubber band. I decided to use 3mm acrylic instead of 5mm to create a thinner profile. This meant I needed a total of 5 layers to accomodate an iPhone 4.

Since I was already using a lasercutter and I wanted the product to appeal to gamers I decided to engrave some patterns. I was going to use a translucent coloured acrylic for the bottom layer and adjust the design so that it covers the camera and flash. This way the case will act as a camera filter and the flash/torch will produce coloured light.

Now that the product was split into halfs the individual components were so small that cutting a single iPlay V5 uses less than an A4 sized amount of 3mm acrylic (the 2D Design screenshot has an A3 page layout). This also meant that it would fit both an iPhone 4 & 5 as the rubber can stretch to accomodate for an iPhone 5. Apart from the height of the iPhone 5 the dimensions are very similair to those of the 4.

I am very pleased with the final product and getting through to the next stage with KFDS. If I were to develop the product further I would find a way to lock the two halves together when not on the phone. This could be done like a jigsaw puzzle or by manipulating the rods into a dowel joint.

Sterilization pouches as a packaging solution for sterilization applications, ensure the protection of the medical device against contamination with bacteria and chemicals from the time of sterilization until use of the sterile medical device. Wide range of standard sizes allows optimum choice of a correct-sized pack for each item.

PMSSteripack sterilization pouches are constructed from transparent PET/PP multi-layers copolymer film and medical kraft paper. Process indicators for steam and ethylene oxide sterilization are applied on the paper surface of the reel and help to differentiate between processed and unprocessed packages.

All process indicators are water based and non-toxic inks and meet or exceed the requirements of ISO 11140-1 standard and provide accurate and clear color change after sterilization process.

The color changes are defined as;

STEAM from pink to brown

EO from green to yellow

FORM from pink to green

Wide range of standard sizes allows optimum choice of a correct-sized pack for each item and for double packing purposes and as a requirement of EN ISO 11607 all equipments, machines and processes used for PMSSteripack sterilization pouch manufacturing, process validation has been conducted.

All materials comply with international standards and are manufactured under validated production process.

Check our website for more information. www.pmsmedikal.com

(En) Founded in 1906, the Coking Plant of Anderlues was specialized in the production of coke for industrial use.

Coke was obtained by distillation of coal in furnaces and, thanks to its superior fuel coal properties, it was used afterwards to feed the blast furnaces in the steel manufacturing process.

Closed and abandoned since 2002, the site has since undergone many losses and damages, not including an important pollution. While some buildings have now been demolished, there are however still some important parts of the former coking plant.

Among them, the former coal tower, next to the imposing "battery" of 38 furnaces, where the coke was produced. Besides them, we still can see the administrative buildings, the power station with its cooling tower, and buildings for the by-products, which were obtained by recovering the tar and coal gas. There are also a gasometer north side, the coal tip east side and a settling basin south side.

-----------

(Fr) Fondées en 1906, les Cokeries d'Anderlues étaient spécialisées dans la fabrication de coke à usage industriel.

Le coke était obtenu par distillation de la houille dans des fours et, grâce à ses propriétés combustibles supérieures au charbon, il servait par après à alimenter les hauts-fourneaux dans le processus de fabrication de l'acier.

Fermé et laissé à l'abandon depuis 2002, le site a depuis lors subi de nombreuses pertes et dégradations, sans compter la pollution qui y règne. Si certains bâtiments (comme l'ancien lavoir à charbon) ont aujourd'hui été démolis, on retrouve encore toutefois certaines parties importantes de cette ancienne cokerie.

Parmi celles-ci, l'ancienne tour à charbon suivie de près par l'imposante "batterie" de 38 fours, où était produit le coke. A côté d'eux, on découvre également les bâtiments administratifs, la centrale électrique avec sa tour de refroidissement, ainsi que les bâtiments des sous-produits, lesquels étaient obtenus par récupération du goudron et du gaz de houille. Et en périphérie, on retrouve un gazomètre côté nord, le terril à l'est et un bassin de décantation côté sud.

Global Products "Lena" Styling Chair in Brown

- The Lena Styling Chair is an elegant chair with details including a polished aluminum arm trimmed with black urethane arm caps.

No doubt that this is a good-looking chair, but when you compare it to other styling chairs on the market, you might find yourself wondering why this chair is more expensive.

The answer:

It's a matter of the top-quality materials used to make this chair, the attention to detail during the manufacturing process and where it is manufactured (in North America):

This chair's armrest and back frame are made from one seamless piece of aluminum. As a result, this chair is extremely solid and stable. The frame wraps around, under the bottom of the chair's base, which also helps the chair to feel stable and not wobbly.

Another unique detail that aids in keeping this chair stable is a peg that that you will find on the bottom of the footrest. This peg adds support and keeps the chair from rocking or moving if someone steps on the footrest while getting into or out from the chair.

What does this mean to you, the stylist, and your clients?

You really feel the difference when you sit in this chair. It doesn't shift around as much and even when clients move around when seated, or as they are getting into and out of this chair, it stays firmly in place.

This allows you to focus on the services you are providing.

Features:

• Color: Brown (see item #500111) for chair in Black

• Armcap includes urethane detail

• Comfortable sling-style chair back features rolled and pleated detail

• Seat and back are made from dense foam lined with top-quality leatherette which is easy to keep clean

• Solid aluminum armrest and back for extra stability

• T-Footrest with peg on bottom keeps the chair and firmly in place

• Top-of-the-line hydraulic pump and base are made in the U.S.A

www.salonsmart.com/

Unibody construction

By Robin Stewart

Nation : Czechoslovakia

Pavilion Name : Czechoslovakia Pavilion

Subject : Handicraft

Island : Ile Notre Dame

Description : 17th Century Bohemian glassware showcased in the Hall of Traditions.

Photographer's Notes : 17th & early 18th century glassware.

General Description:

The two storey Czechoslovakia Pavilion consisted of two buildings linked by an entrance hall. A simple, clear architectural strategy provided a harmonious backdrop for the exhibition's exciting displays. The first building featured two levels of exhibition space with a central courtyard which drew some of the largest crowds at Expo. Czechoslovakian art, technology and industry were presented to visitors through an attractive mixture of light, sound and video. The Hall of Centuries exhibit showcased texts and artifacts from ancient royalty. In the Hall of Tradition, visitors could find old and new glass and crystal and learn about their manufacturing processes. The World of Children enchanted the pavilion's younger visitors featuring puppet shows performing traditional tales. The second building featured four restaurants; Le Bistro served light snacks; the Bratislava Inn was a wine tavern; the Castle Restaurant featured fine Czechoslovakian cuisine; and the Prague was home to the famous pilsener Urquell beer. Offices, a gift shop and a theatre could also be found in this second Czechoslovakian building.

Source: digital.library.mcgill.ca/expo-67

iPlay V1

Our design had to be cheap to manufacture, with minimal manufacture processes and a low overall cost. Keeping this in mind I sketched my basic idea and then rendered it. After exporting the DXF files I lasercut them and had my first prototype.

There is an everlasting debate amongst gamers as to which console and controller is the best. I found that the PS3 controller was the most popular second being Xbox 360. The PS3 controller is symettrical unlike the Xbox controller and is so ergonomoic you can often forget you are holding it.

I illustrated the PS3 controller outline to kickstart the CAD process. My design consists of 3 layers of 5mm acrylic creating an iphone cavity depth of 10mm (iPhone 4 has a thickness of 9.3mm) and an overall thickness of 15mm. The structure would be held together with tight fit acrylic rods. I need to carry out test pieces on 2.99+-0.1mm radii to decide what are the best dimensions to use for these slots bearing in mind the lasercutter burns away material.

The whole in the bottom layer is so the device can be pushed out from the case after use.

V2

I asked some students to test the V1 prototype. They liked the product especially its simplicity. There were points that I could develop and improve.

Not all iPhone games auto orientate, hence it was essential I adapted my design so the phone could be rotated 180 degress. This would be easy by simply duplicating the button slots.

In addition to this there was no camera hole. If I were to introduce a camera holeto the design it would have to be duplicated 180 degrees to ensure photos could be taken no matter what orientation the iPhone was.

Taking this on board I designed and manufactured iPlay V2. Although acrylic rod would create a tight fit, 4 drops of dichloromethane would chemically weld the components together for a long lasting permanent fit. After this I used a buffing wheel to create round edges making the product more ergonomic to hold.

V3

Once again I asked some students for feedback on my prototype. They were impressed with how I addressed the previous issues. The only negative point raised was that it would not fit in your pocket. This was the next challenge I faced.

I considered hinging the lower two arms and making them lock into the back of the case. However this would make the design more complex and increase cost and manufacturing processes.

I moved the top pair of holes further up to better distribute the stress. I decided to split the product in half. My V3 model has alternating layers this creates cavities that allow it to be locked together together when not in use as photographed. This would easily fit in you pocket.

The problem the alternating layers created is a less ergonomic shape. Secondly there was nothing holding the two half together when placed on the phone.

In my V4 model I introduced a rubber band which kept the two half together when on the phone. It would also prevent one half form being lost. This created a new problem; the top half of the rubber band would not always line up as there was nothing guiding it. This was my next problem to solve.

V4

My final model would be made from acrylic but I was not going to buff it as that would add a manufacture process and would siginificanty increase the manufacture time. Since I was already using the laser cutter for cutting my components I thought I may aswell engrave some sort of graphics onto the top layer. I decided to remove the gaps in between the layers to make it better to hold and to remodel the rubberband tracks.

V5

I solved the problem of the inconvenient rubber band with two more locating rods on the top. These extra rods would keep the rubber band guided along the correct track. I made a MDF prototype to test my idea and it worked successfully even with coffee stirrers replicating the acrylic rod.

Satisfied with my idea I finally created an acrylic version. This required a bit more thought than previously as I had to accomodate for the thick rubber band. I decided to use 3mm acrylic instead of 5mm to create a thinner profile. This meant I needed a total of 5 layers to accomodate an iPhone 4.

Since I was already using a lasercutter and I wanted the product to appeal to gamers I decided to engrave some patterns. I was going to use a translucent coloured acrylic for the bottom layer and adjust the design so that it covers the camera and flash. This way the case will act as a camera filter and the flash/torch will produce coloured light.

Now that the product was split into halfs the individual components were so small that cutting a single iPlay V5 uses less than an A4 sized amount of 3mm acrylic (the 2D Design screenshot has an A3 page layout). This also meant that it would fit both an iPhone 4 & 5 as the rubber can stretch to accomodate for an iPhone 5. Apart from the height of the iPhone 5 the dimensions are very similair to those of the 4.

I am very pleased with the final product and getting through to the next stage with KFDS. If I were to develop the product further I would find a way to lock the two halves together when not on the phone. This could be done like a jigsaw puzzle or by manipulating the rods into a dowel joint.

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Friday, December 8th, 2017

Fortune Global Forum 2017

Guangzhou, China

8:00 AMâ9:20 AM

SMART MANUFACTURING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Around the world, factory floors and assembly lines are becoming highly automated, combining human ingenuity with data and technology to revolutionize product and productivity outcomes. As the notion of a âfactory of the futureâ continues to evolve, how are companies incorporating âsmartâ and connected products into their manufacturing process? From sensors and robots to 3D printing and green technology, global companies are experimenting with a variety of methods to streamline, scale, and sustain their business. Here in China, manufacturers have been asked to deliver on the nationâs âMade in China 2025â strategy and are aggressively pursuing their own strategies to become smarter, greener, and more efficient. As these changes take hold, what are the implications for those doing business in China and for supply chains worldwide? And how are companies redeploying and reeducating their workforces as traditional factory jobs become automated and the need for technically proficient talent increases?

Hosted by The City of Guangzhou

Börje Ekholm, President and CEO, Ericsson Group

Till Reuter, Chief Executive Officer, KUKA

Tony Tan, Partner, Shanghai Office, McKinsey & Company

Wang Wenyin, Chairman, Amer International Group

Shoei Yamana, President and CEO, Konica Minolta

Zhang Jing, Founder and Chairman, Cedar Holdings Group

Moderator: Adam Lashinsky, Fortune

Photograph by Vivek Prakash/Fortune

DUMBO, Brooklyn

Features: Nineteen bays on Bridge Street, nine bays on Water Street, and nine bays on Front Street; large segmental-arch openings separated by brick piers; end bays on Bridge Street narrower than other bays; building reflects slight slope of site, with the basement only partially above sidewalk level on Front Street rising to a full story on Water Street; multi-pane metal windows with operable awnings; iron tie rods; corbelled cornice; pedestrian entrance in westernmost bays on Front Street and Water Street; bluestone stairs at pedestrian entrance on Water Street; three fire escapes on Bridge Street.

Significant alterations: Two corner bays on Front Street partially filled in and converted into loading docks on first floor; eighth bay on Water Street partially filled in and converted into vehicular entrance.

History: The western portion of this block was home to the Union White Lead Works (later the National Lead Company) which began purchasing property on the block as early as 1837. The lead company’s property was sold to James and John H. Hanan in 1893. Although already occupied by a factory, James Hanan and his son John chose to demolish the existing buildings and replace it with a new factory for the manufacturing of shoes. Hanan initially announced construction of a seven-story structure; he actually built a five-story factory. Even before purchasing the DUMBO property, James Hanan was a resident of Brooklyn, living in a large mansion at 45 Eighth Avenue (demolished) in Park Slope. James Hanan (1819-1897) was born in Ireland and learned the shoe trade from his father. In 1849 he moved to America and in 1854 established a small shoemaking business in New York City. In about 1865, his son, John Henry Hanan (1849-1920), entered his father’s firm, and in 1882 the company became Hanan & Son.

The Hanan Company was among the first to stamp the firm’s name on every shoe, a daring idea at a time when most people still sought shoes handmade by the dealer. The firm was successful and in 1888 Hanan began opening retail stores to sell the factory’s product directly to consumers.

In 1894, the company had stores in New York, Brooklyn, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Milwaukee, New Haven, Buffalo, Chicago, and St. Paul. By 1914 the firm had thirteen retail stores in the United States and Europe (apparently in London and Paris).

Shoe manufacturing was a major industry in Brooklyn in the late nineteenth century, with 65 factories doing a combined business of $2,300,000 in 1894; one-third of that business was done at the Hanan factory. The manufacture of a pair of shoes began on the upper floor of the factory where thin leather uppers were cut from patterns; women then stitched the uppers together on sewing machines; boys then took the uppers and smoothed the seams. The uppers were then moved to the third floor where lasters worked. The uppers were tacked to lasts and leather attached to the last mold to create the form of the bottom of the shoe. The bottom and upper were sewn together and then the shoes proceed to men who inserted the insoles, largely by machine. Then glue was placed on the insole and another employee added the heavy sole, again by machine. The shoes now moved sown to the next floor where heels were nailed on by machine and where soles and heels were trimmed. Finally the shoes moved to the lower floor where they were washed, cleaned, and boxed. On this lower floor, machines also stamped out the soles. The company’s offices were on the first floor facing Front Street.

In 1894, when the description of the manufacturing process was written, there were between three and four hundred employees in the factory, although the article notes that there was capacity for 600 people. In 1913 the company employed 1,131 people in its Brooklyn factory (871 men,210 women, and 50 office workers). John Hanan also owned shoe companies in other cities and served as president of the National Boot and Shoe Manufacturers’ Association. He was also the founder of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, which manufactured machines for use in show factories. After John Hanan’s death, the firm was taken over by his sons Herbert Wilmer Hanan (1872-1933) and Addison Garthwaite Hanan (1876-1923) and grandson Robert Wilmer Hanan (1903-1933). The company went bankrupt in 1935. Old signs extant on the building in 2000 recorded some of the complex’s later occupants: Starlite Lamp Shade Company, Fashion Decor Lamp Shade Company, Washington Garter Corporation, National Leather Manufacturing Company, Gotham Furniture Frame Company, Modern Box Company, Star Fastener Company, Embassy Archives Center, Melcon Design Company, Shaw Television Corporation, Deluxe Novelty Company (DLX Industries), and Latex Specialties.

The simple brick facade, articulated by large segmental openings, simple brick piers, and corbelled cornice, marks 54 Bridge Street as a significant example of transition from the American Round Arch style to the daylight factory. This, together with its slow-burning mill construction, makes it representative of American factory architecture of this period and contributes to the architectural and historical character of the DUMBO Historic District. Built in 1893, during a major period of development when manufacturers such as Hanan & Son were making DUMBO into one of the city’s most important industrial neighborhoods, the structure contributes to the district through its architecture, structure, and the fact that its owners played a significant role in the area’s history.

- From the 2007 NYCLPC Historic District Designation Report

Photograph showing part of the lead shot manufacturing process.

Cheshire Archives and Local Studies ZCR 245/7191/6