View allAll Photos Tagged Manufacturing
Manufactured by VEB Pentacon, former East Germany
Model: c. 1979, version 4.1 (A&R 1, Hummel 059), (produced between 1977-83)
All Exa 1b produced between 1977-85
as to Andrzej Wrotniak
35mm film SLR film camera
BODY
Lens release: simply screw counter clockwise
Focusing: simple matte glass screen, ring and scale on the lens
Shutter: Mirror acts like a curtain as a part of the shutter, vertical moving, due to this maximum speed is limited to 1/175
Speeds: 1/30-1/175 +B setting: dial under the rewind crank knob
Shutter release: on the left fron of the camera, w/cable release socket
Cocking lever: also winds the film, short stroke, on the right of the top plate
Frame counter: on the cocking lever knob, regressive type, manual setting
Viewfinder: eye level SLR pentaprism, interchangeable
Finder release: by a small lever on the back of top plate, turn it left and pull-up the finder
Mirror: not instant return. Mirror is actually a part of the shutter mechanism. When the shutter released, the mirror goes up as in a conventional SLR, but when the exposure is over, a second cover rotates upward to block the light. There is no real shutter curtain.
Re-wind lever: folding crank type, on the left of the top plate
Re-wind release: by a small knob beside cocking lever
Flash PC socket: on the right front of the camera, M and X, setting with the speeds knob
Cold-shoe: none
Self-timer: none
Memory dial: for ASA, a ring on the cocking lever knob under the frame counter
Back cover: removable with the bottom plate, opens by a thumb wheel on the bottom plate
Engaving on the back cover: Made in G.D.R.
Film loading: special take-up spool
Tripod socket: 1/4''
Strap lugs
Body: metal; Weight:
serial no.700490
LENS:
Domiplan (Meyer Optik), 50mm f/2.8, fully automatic, 3 elements
filter thread: 40.5mm serial no.10416736
Domiplan is the standard lens of Exa 1b.
Mount: M42 screw mount
There is a standard M42 type arc/lever on the body, that depresses the pin on the lens that closes the diaphragm blades. When the pressure is let up, the lens opens fully again. A half-depression of the shutter release allows a depth of field preview.
Aperture: f/2.8-f/22,
Focus range: 075-12m +inf
+original ever ready case
VEB Pentacon licensed the production of screw-mount Exas (some late Ib version 4.4 and all Ic version 4.5) to Certo Camera Werk, Dresden-Großzsachwitz, a part of VEB Pentacon. Cameras built by Certo have serial numbers preceded with a letter C.
The later models of Exa 1b have black plastic top- and bottom plates.
Exa 1b body is virtually identical to Exa Ia except rewind knob replaced with a crank and the lens mount is M42 (Pentax/Practica standard), instead of the traditional Exakta bayonet mount. The camera also has internal aperture coupling for M42 automatic lenses.
Exa 1b uses most standard Exakta viewfinders, waist-level and prism.
Other main lenses are Tessar, Makinon and Super Takumar.
Exa 1b is not a real part of the Exakta/Exa system, although its family relationship with Exa cannot be denied.
Exa 1b renamed as Exa 1c without practically any other changes.
More info
Curtiss Wright Hawk 75 G-CCVH served with the Armee de l Air French Air Force s/n 82
Year of Manufacture: 1939, Powered by: one Pratt and Whitney R-1830-925
Photo taken at the Imperial War Museum Duxford Cambridgeshire 15th Sept 2023 Battle of Britain Air Show Practice and Fly in Day
GAC_6606
Photograph of manufacturing at the Stephens-Adamson site in Belleville, Ontario.
Part of a collection of Stephens-Adamson materials donated to the Community Archives in July 2019.
Title / Titre :
New Brunswick Cotton Mills, Mess'rs William Parks & Son, Portland—St. John, New Brunswick, October 1880 /
Manufactures de coton du Nouveau Brunswick, Mess’rs William Parks & Son, Portland – Saint John, Nouveau Brunswick, octobre 1880
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Unknown / Inconnu
Date(s) : October 1880 / octobre 1880
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : MIKAN 3933038
collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...
Location / Lieu : Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada / Saint John, Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
Chas. E. Goad
. Library and Archives Canada, e010771512 /
Chas. E. Goad
. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, e010771512
Front door options on a new manufactured home on display at the 2014 Tunica Show. 3 Bedroom / 2 Bath, 32x80, Approx. 2280 Sq. Ft. DV-80324
For more information or to see other models of Deer Valley homes, contact Cumberland Homes at CumberlandHomes.mhvillage.com
Shandon Area of Cork City
Shandon is the area north of the River Lee, right in the center of Cork and well worth a trip across the North Channel by way of the Christy Ring Bridge.
The Church of St Anne in Shandon on Shandon Street is home to the famous Shandon Bells, built in 1720's it is one of Cork's most famous landmarks. The design of the building consists of a square tower surmounted by a lantern, on top of the lantern is a copper dome with a gilded weather vane in the shape of a salmon. Two sides of the tower are made from red sandstone and the other two are made from limestone. The four-faced clock, made by James Mangan of Cork, was erected by Cork Corporation in 1847 and had been known as "The Four Faced Liar" ( also "The Four Liars") as the clocks never agreed. According to tourist guides this problem has been rectified but some of my photographs show that some of the clocks do not agree.
The Cork Butter Museum is a unique institution, celebrating one of the great success stories of Ireland, the butter trade. Located in the historic Shandon area of Cork city, the story begins with the central role of dairy culture in the Island of Saints and Scholars. The Museum goes on to describe the internationally important Butter Exchange in nineteenth century Cork, the traditional craft of home butter making and the modern success of the Kerrygold brand. In the course of this story, the commercial, social, and domestic life of Ireland is recalled.
The Firkin Crane building was designed by Sir John Benson and opened in 1855. The building is a unique rotunda, which formed part of Cork's original Butter Exchange.
This building forms part of an interesting group of related structures with the former butter market buildings in the Shandon area. The butter trade originating from Cork City in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries stretched to Great Britain, Europe, North America, the Caribbean, and the West Indies. Indeed the building's name derives from Danish words pertaining to measures of butter. Firkin is a Danish word meaning quarter barrel and in former times these firkins or casks were tarred and weighed on a balance known as a crane.
The building is also of archaeological significance as it was constructed on the site of medieval Shandon Castle. This site was occupied by the Dominicans, who had a chapel and convent here from 1784 until 1840.
When the Butter Market closed in 1924 James Daly and Sons occupied the building until the 1970’s when they moved their margarine manufacturing business to new premises. The building also housed a hat factory for a time.
The Firkin Crane was completely destroyed by fire in 1982. It reopened in 1992 and is now a bustling centre for dance of all kinds. With four dance studios and two performance spaces, it is a unique building for dance in Ireland. Large scale performances run throughout the year along with a range of regular classes and workshops across a spectrum of dance styles. The Firkin Crane is a permanent base for Cork City Ballet, Crux Dance Theatre and equally home for all the professional and community dance artists in the area.
The Cathedral of St. Mary and St. Anne, known locally as the North Chapel, is located at the top of Shandon Street, in one of the most historic areas of Cork. The Cathedral is the principal church of the diocese of Cork & Ross and is the place where major diocesan celebrations take place. The Cathedral was dedicated in 1808 and celebrated its bicentenary in 2008. The interior was rebuilt by George Richard Pain, in 1828 following a fire. The tower dates from 1862. John Hogan produced the apostles and the saints figures, and the bas relief, "Last Supper" as well as the Bishop Murphy mural monument. Turnerelli produced the bust of Bishop Moylan.
BODY
Manufactured by Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, Dresden, East Germany
Model: 1961, Version 1.6, (A&R: 6, Hummel: 050), (produced between 1960-62, quantity 58400)
Special features of Version 6: rectangular shape of the front plate; name plate with Exa metallic white on painted black background.
Version, manufacturing year, body and lens info are as to Andrzej Wrotniak
The original Exa is known as Exa 0 also
All Exa 0 produced between 1951-62
35mm film SLR camera
Engraving on the front plate: Ihagee Dresden
Lens release: via a lever on the left of the lens flange
Focusing: via Fresnel matte screen, ring and dial on the lens, w/DOF scale
Shutter: Mirror acts like a curtain as a part of the shutter, vertical moving, due to this maximum speed is limited to 1/150, speeds: 1/25-1/150 +B
setting : via a lever and scale on the right of the top plate
Shutter release: a knob, on front of the body, left side of the lens,
w/ a safety locking cap, and cable release socket, it can be pressed with the plunger on the lenses, w/ cable release socket also
Cocking knob: also winds the film, on the right of the top plate
Frame counter: window on the right of the top plate, additive type, manual reset by a thumb ring on front of it
Viewfinder: Waist level finder, w/ magnifier and sport finder with a lid, opens by a knob on the back side, interchangeable with SLR pentaprism finder
Finder release: via a knob beneath the Exa logo
Mirror: Stays up after exposure, so viewfinder is dark, cocking the shutter returns the mirror to normal position
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate
Re-wind release: a button just beside the cocking knob
Flash PC socket: two, on the right front side of the camera, F and X
Self-timer. none
Back cover: Hinged, removable, opens by a latch on the left side of the camera
Special take up spool
Tripod socket: 1/4''
Strap lugs
Body: metallic, Weight: 588g (wo/ the lens)
serial no. 573828 (inside the camera)
LENS:
aus Jena Pancolar 50mm f/2 (Zebra), 6 elements, auto-diaphragm type, (no internal aperture coupling, diaphragm always in open position, pressing the plunger on the lens closes the aperture to the pre-set f number then the shutter releases),
Exakta bayonet mount, interchangeable with Exakta Varex lenses,
filter thread: 49mm, serial no.8459679 (introduced 1964)
Aperture: f/2-f/22 setting: ring and scale on the lens
Focus range: 0.5-15m +inf
+SLR pentaprism finder, w/split image rangefinder, Ihagee, Dresden
Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, in Dresden, which was the largest independent camera manufacturer in Germany and was founded in 1912 by Johan Steenbergen.
The true Exaktas and Exas are ones made by Ihagee in Dresden.
Although Exa is much simpler than the professional Exakta cameras, the workmanship is equally good, finish similar, and the family resemblance obvious. With its lower price, Exa cameras are addressed to the amateur photographers.
During the 25th year of production of the 35mm Exaktas, Ihagee introduced the black and white labels as for Exacta IIa as for the Exa.
Ihagee did not produce their own lenses. Instead, they relied on many of the major optical firms of their day to each produce a series of lenses for their cameras, eg. Carl Zeiss Jena, Meyer-Optik Görlitz and Schneider-Kreuznach. The lenses from these three makers, in terms of the number and variations of lenses produced, are the most plentiful and in most cases the easiest for collectors and users to acquire. Maybe, over 80% of the Exaktas offered for sale are equipped with normal focal length lenses from these three firms.
The East German Zeiss lenses made for export, were marked from 1954 with different engravings. The brand name Carl Zeiss Jena is replaced by C.Z. Jena or Jena or aus Jena.
Notes about Exa/Exakta classification
I use the Exa/Exakta classification of Andrzej Wrotniak. As to me, it is the best.
Some opinions of a serious Exa/Exakta collector, F W Tappe :
Andrzej Wrotniak uses a very sensible classification, listed on his website, which I personally like the best. It is multi dimensional in setup, without being complicated!
Richard Hummel's 1995 book lists an "one dimensional" classification, which is incomplete, but many sources still refer to this.
Aguila and Rouah (A&R) in their 2003 edition of "Exakta cameras 1933 - 1978", come to an improved classification. They built on their previous 1987 edition classification, which was the leading standard among collectors.
Klaus Wichmann, prolific writer of books about Exakta - and Exa cameras, published his classifications earliest.
More info Captain Jack, Maurizio Frizziero, F W Tappe, Exa Original in Camerapedia
Separate shower stall on a new manufactured home on display at the 2014 Tunica Show. 3 Bedroom / 2 Bath, 32x80, Approx. 2280 Sq. Ft. DV-80324
For more information or to see other models of Deer Valley homes, contact Cumberland Homes at CumberlandHomes.mhvillage.com
© All Rights Reserved. Please do not use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my prior permission.
BODY
Manufactured by Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, Dresden, East Germany
Model: 1959, Version 1.5.2, (A&R: 5, Hummmel: 048), (produced between 1959-60, quantity: 38300)
Special feature of Version 5: Exa on the front plate embossed, (not engraved like in all other versions).
Version, manufacturing year, body and lens info are as to Andrzej Wrotniak
The original Exa is known as Exa 0 also.
All Exa 0 produced between 1951-62
35mm SLR film camera
Engraving on the front plate: Ihagee Dresden
Lens release: via a lever on the left of the lens flange
Focusing: via Fresnel matte screen, ring and scalel on the lens, w/DOF scale
Shutter: Mirror acts like a curtain as a part of the shutter, vertical moving, due to this maximum speed is limited to 1/150, speeds: 1/25-1/150 +B
setting: via a lever and scale on the right of the top plate
Shutter release: a knob, on front of the body, w/ a safety locking cap, and cable release socket, it can be pressed with the plunger on the lenses, w/ cable release socket also
Cocking knob: also winds the film, on the right of the top plate
Frame counter: window on the right of the top plate, additive type, manual reset by a thumb ring on front of it
Viewfinder: SLR pentaprism finder , interchangeable with Waist level finder
Finder release: via a knob beneath the Exa logo
Mirror: Stays up after exposure, so viewfinder is dark, cocking the shutter returns the mirror to normal position
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate
Re-wind release: by a button just beside the cocking knob
Flash PC socket: two, on the right front side of the camera, F and X
Self-timer: none
Back cover: Hinged, removable, opens by a latch on the left side of the camera
Tripod socket: 378'' w/1/4'' adaptor
Strap lugs
Body: metallic, Weight:557g (wo/ the lens)
serial no. 545089 (inside the camera)
LENS:
Meyer-Optik Görlitz Lydith 30mm f/3,5 (Zebra), 5 elements,
preset type, Mount: Exakta bayonet mount, interchangeable with Exakta Varex lenses,
filter thread: 49mm, serial no. 4082192, (introduced in 1962)
Aperture: f/3.5-f/22, setting: ring and scale on the lens
Focus range: 0.33 - 6m +inf
+Original leather ever ready case
+ Waist level finder, Ihage Dresden, w/original leather case
+Sunlux Tele Converter, (Zebra), with Exacta bayonet mount and lens release, (Made in Japan), w/ original leather case
+ B+W Skylight filter, 49ES KR1,5 1,1x w/leather case
Although Exa is much simpler than the professional Exakta cameras, the workmanship is equally good, finish similar, and the family resemblance obvious. With its lower price, Exa cameras are addressed to the amateur photographers.
Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, in Dresden, which was the largest independent camera manufacturer in Germany and was founded in 1912 by Johan Steenbergen.
The true Exaktas and Exas are ones made by Ihagee in Dresden.
Ihagee did not produce their own lenses. Instead, they relied on many of the major optical firms of their day to each produce a series of lenses for their cameras, eg. Carl Zeiss (Jena), Meyer-Optik (Görlitz) and Joseph Schneider (Kreuznach). The lenses from these three makers, in terms of the number and variations of lenses produced, are the most plentiful and in most cases the easiest for collectors and users to acquire. Maybe, over 80% of the Exaktas offered for sale are equipped with normal focal length lenses from these three firms.
Notes about Exa/Exakta classification
I use the Exa/Exakta classification of Andrzej Wrotniak. As to me, it is the best.
Some opinions of a serious Exa/Exakta collector, F W Tappe :
Andrzej Wrotniak uses a very sensible classification, listed on his website, which I personally like the best. It is multi dimensional in setup, without being complicated!
Richard Hummel's 1995 book lists an "one dimensional" classification, which is incomplete, but many sources still refer to this.
Aguila and Rouah (A&R) in their 2003 edition of "Exakta cameras 1933 - 1978", come to an improved classification. They built on their previous 1987 edition classification, which was the leading standard among collectors.
Klaus Wichmann, prolific writer of books about Exakta - and Exa cameras, published his classifications earliest.
More info Captain Jack, Maurizio Frizziero, F W Tappe, Exa Original in Camerapedia
The Isle of Mull is the second-largest island of the Inner Hebrides (after Skye) and lies off the west coast of Scotland in the council area of Argyll and Bute.
Covering 875.35 square kilometres (338 sq mi), Mull is the fourth-largest island in Scotland and Great Britain. From 2001 to 2020, the population has gradually increased: during 2020 the populace was estimated to be 3,000, in the 2011 census it was approximately 2,800, and in 2001, it was measured at 2,667 people. It has the eighth largest Island population in Scotland. In the summer, these numbers are augmented by an influx of many tourists. Much of the year-round population lives in the colourful main settlement of Tobermory.
There are two distilleries on the island: the Tobermory distillery, formerly named Ledaig, produces single malt Scotch whisky and another, opened in 2019 and located in the vicinity of Tiroran, which produces Whitetail Gin. Mull is host to numerous sports competitions, notably the Highland Games competition, held annually in July. The isle is home to four castles, including the towering keep of Moy Castle. On the south coast, a stone circle is located in the settlement of Lochbuie.
The Isle of Mull has probably been inhabited since shortly after the end of the last Ice Age, around 11,000 years ago. This is evidenced by radiocarbon dating done in a mesolithic hut at Crieth Dubh on the northwest coast of the island. Later, Bronze Age and Iron Age inhabitants built brochs at Dun Nan Gall and An Sean Chaisteal, and a stone circle at Lochbuie along with numerous burial cairns. Two crannogs there have been dated to the Iron Age.
In the 6th century AD, Irish migrants invaded Mull and the surrounding coast and established the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata. The kingdom was divided into a number of regions, each controlled by a different kinship group one of these, the Cenél Loairn, controlled Mull and the adjacent mainland to the east.
Dál Riata was a springboard for the Christianisation of the mainland; the pivotal point was in AD 563, when Columba, an Irish missionary, arrived on the island of Iona – just off the southwest point of Mull – and founded a monastery there from which to start evangelising the local population.
In the 9th century, Viking invasions led to the destruction of Dál Riata and its replacement by the Norse Kingdom of the Isles, which became part of the kingdom of Norway following Norwegian unification around 872. The Kingdom of the Isles was much more extensive than Dál Riata, encompassing also the Outer Hebrides and Skye. The island kingdom became known as the Suðreyjar, meaning southern isles in Old Norse. The former lands of Dál Riata acquired the geographic description "Argyle" (now "Argyll"): the Gaelic coast.
In the late 11th century, Magnus Barefoot, the Norwegian king, launched a military campaign which in 1098 led the king of Scotland to quitclaim to Magnus all claim of sovereign authority over the territory of the Kingdom of the Isles. However, a coup some 60 years later, led by a Norse-Gael named Somerled, detached the whole of the Suðreyjar from Norway and transformed it into an independent kingdom. After Somerled's death in 1164, nominal Norwegian authority was established, but practical control of the realm was divided between Somerled's sons and the heirs of Somerled's brother-in-law, the Crovan Dynasty. His son Dougall received the former territory of the Cenél Loairn, now known as Lorn, of which Mull formed part.
Meanwhile, the Crovan dynasty had retained the title "king of the Isles" and control of Lewis, Harris, and the Isle of Man. After a few decades, they acknowledged the English kings as their overlords, so Dougall's heirs (the MacDougalls) complained to Haakon, the Norwegian king, and in 1237 were rewarded by the kingship being split; rule of the Hebrides was transferred to the MacDougall line, and they were made the "kings of the Hebrides". They established the twin castles of Aros (in Mull) and Ardtornish (on the mainland, opposite), which together controlled the Sound of Mull.
Throughout the early 13th century, the king of Scots, Alexander II, had aggressively tried to expand his realm into the Suðreyjar, despite Edgar's earlier quitclaim. This led to hostility between Norway and Scotland, which continued under Alexander III. King Haakon IV of Norway died shortly after the indecisive Battle of Largs. In 1266, his more peaceable successor ceded his nominal authority over the Suðreyjar to Alexander III by the Treaty of Perth in return for a very large sum of money. Alexander generally acknowledged the semi-independent authority of Somerled's heirs; the former Suðreyjar had become Scottish crown dependencies rather than parts of Scotland.
At the end of the 13th century, a violent dispute arose over the Scottish kingship between King John Balliol and Robert de Bruys. By then, Somerled's descendants had formed into three families: as well as Dougall's heirs (the MacDougalls), there were also the heirs of his nephew Donald (the MacDonalds) and those of Donald's brother (the MacRory or MacRuairi); the MacDougalls backed Balliol, while the MacDonalds and MacRory backed de Bruys. When Robert I defeated his Scots enemies, including the Comyns and MacDougalls, he declared their lands forfeit, dividing them between his friend, Angus Og Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, and Christina MacRory, King Robert's kinswoman. The latter acquired Lorn and some of the smaller Isles, but Angus Og, who fought beside King Robert at Bannockburn, was given the lion's share: The Isles of Islay, Jura, Gigha, Colonsay and Mull, and the mainland territories of Duror, Glencoe, Ardnamurchan, Lochaber, Morvern and Kintyre. After Bannockburn, Alexander Macdonald, Angus Og’s eldest son, then still alive, was granted Mull and Tiree. Angus Og's younger son John of Islay, became Lord of the Isles after his father's and his elder brother's deaths. He first married Amy MacRuairi of Garmoran, the heiress of the MacRory family, thereby consolidating the remains of Somerled's realm.
In 1354, though in exile and without control of his ancestral lands, John, the MacDougall heir, quitclaimed any rights he had over Mull to the Lord of the Isles. When Robert's son David II became king, he spent some time in English captivity; after his release, in 1357, he restored MacDougall authority over Lorn, effectively cancelling Robert's grant to the MacRory. The 1354 quitclaim, which seems to have been an attempt to ensure peace in just such an eventuality, took automatic effect, splitting Mull from Lorn and making it subject to the Lordship of the Isles.
In 1437, the Lordship was substantially expanded when Alexander, the Lord of the Isles, inherited the rule of Ross maternally. The expansion led the MacDonalds to move their centre of power from Islay to the twin castles of Aros and Ardtornish.
In 1462, the most ambitious of the Lords of the Isles, John MacDonald, struck an alliance with Edward IV of England to conquer Scotland. Civil war in England prevented this from taking effect and from being discovered until 1475, when the English court voluntarily revealed its existence. Calls for forfeiture of the Lordship naturally followed, but they were calmed when John quitclaimed most of his mainland territories. However, John's nephew launched a severe raid on Ross, but it ultimately failed. Within two years of the raid, in 1493, James IV of Scotland declared the Lordship of the Isles forfeit, transforming the realm into an intrinsic part of Scotland rather than a dependency.
Throughout this time, the descendants of the Cenél Loairn retained their identity; they were now the MacLeans. Now that John MacDonald was exiled, James IV restored the authority of the MacLeans over Mull. An earlier chief of the MacLeans had married the daughter of the first Lord of the Isles and received Duart Castle as the dowry; this now became the stronghold of MacLean control of Mull. The cadet branch of the family constructed a tower house at Moy on the southern side of Mull, while the senior branch retained Duart Castle.
Legend has it that the wreck of a Spanish galleon, laden with gold, lies somewhere in the mud at the bottom of Tobermory Bay. By some accounts, the Florencia (or Florida or San Francisco), a ship of the defeated Spanish Armada fleeing the English fleet in 1588, anchored in Tobermory to take on provisions. After a dispute over payment, the ship caught fire and the gunpowder magazine exploded, sinking the vessel. In her hold, reputedly, was £300,000 in gold bullion. Other sources claim the vessel was the San Juan de Sicilia (or San Juan de Baptista), which carried troops, not treasure. According to that account, the island's chief, Lachlan Mor Maclean, struck a deal with the Spanish commander to re-provision and refit the ship in return for military intervention on the side of the MacLeans in their feud with enemies on nearby islands. There have been numerous searches for the wreck and its rumoured treasure from the mid-17th century to the end of the 20th century. No significant treasure has been recovered in Tobermory Bay.
Following the Scottish Reformation, the MacLeans became supporters of Protestantism. By the mid-17th century, they had become promoters of conventicles, opposed to king Charles II's repudiation of the Solemn League and Covenant and supporting acts of civil disobedience. Though personally opposed to persecution of such people, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, was specifically ordered by the Scottish privy council to suppress conventicles within his lands, which included Lorn. The atmosphere of hostility soon spread to Mull, where opponents of the conventicles felt emboldened, leading to outbreaks of violence between the two religious factions.
In 1678, Campbell was specifically instructed to seize Mull and suppress both the violence and conventicles. It took Clan Campbell until 1681 to gain possession of the whole island. Campbell took charge of Duart Castle and ejected the MacLean leadership from Mull; they moved to Cairnburgh Castle in the Treshnish Islands off the north-west of Mull. Campbell's own position was somewhat undermined when he instigated Argyll's Rising against the reign of James VII. The loyalty of subsequent Campbell leaders ensured the Campbells retained possession of Duart (it was only after the Campbells sold it, and it had spent a century under other owners, that the MacLeans were able to recover it by purchase). Under Campbell pressure, shrieval authority was established under the sheriff of Argyll, which they controlled.
Following Jacobite insurrections, the Heritable Jurisdictions Act abolished comital authority in Mull and Campbell control of the Argyll sheriffdom; the Campbells could now only assert influence as landlords. Many castles that had been in the hands of the MacLeans (such as Moy) had been slighted by the Campbells or fallen into disrepair, but more comfortable homes were built nearby.
During the 18th century, the island was home to a Gaelic Bard, whom Father Charles MacDonald describes only as "The Mull Satirist." The Satirist is said to have been a vocal enemy of the Jacobite Bard Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair and to have attacked the latter in many poems that have survived. When the Jacobite poet converted from the Calvinist Church of Scotland to the Roman Catholic Church, the Mull Satirist accused him of doing so, not out of serious conviction, but to curry favour with the exiled House of Stuart.
In 1773 the island was visited by Samuel Johnson and James Boswell during their tour of the Western Islands. Farming, fishing, and burning seaweed for kelp ash (used in the manufacture of soap and glass) were the main economic activities on the island until the 19th century. Tobermory was built by the British Fisheries Society in 1788 as a planned settlement to support the fishing industry.
The Highland Clearances in the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in people being evicted to make space for sheep and the Highland Potato Famine (1846–1847) encouraged mass emigration. These factors caused the population to decline from 10,000 to less than 4,000 and then to 3,000 by the 20th Century; this had a serious impact on the economy. Despite this, several grand houses were built on Mull in the period, including Torosay Castle.
In 1889, counties were formally created in Scotland on shrieval boundaries by a dedicated Local Government Act; Mull therefore became part of the newly created County of Argyll.
The whole island became a Restricted Area during World War II. The bay at Tobermory became a naval base commanded from HMS Western Isles. The base and the Restricted Area were under Commodore (later Vice Admiral) Sir Gilbert Stephenson, whose strict discipline and ferocious temper earned him the nickname "The Terror of Tobermory". The base was used to train Escort Groups in anti-submarine warfare. 911 ships passed through the base between 1940 and 1945. Following late 20th century reforms, Mull is now part of the wider area of Argyll and Bute.
According to a July 2020 article in Country Life, "The Benmore Estate occupies 32,000 acres of the Isle of Mull" and includes Knock House, a Victorian hunting lodge where tourists can stay. Guests can book rides on the estate boat, the Benmore Lady. Much of the lodge was built by the ninth Duke of Argyll for his wife, one of the daughters of Queen Victoria; they married in 1871. Reports indicate that the Queen stayed there, as did others including Wordsworth, Keats, JM Barrie and Sir Walter Scott.
According to the 2011 Scottish census, the Isle of Mull had a usual residents population of 2,800 with 1,271 households. Including the offshore islands, the population of Mull was 2,996.
In Mull and the adjacent islands Gaelic had been the traditional language since the early Middle Ages. However, the 20th century in particular saw a reduction in the number of speakers, with a significant fall (20%) in Mull after the Second World War. This was associated with strong emigration and abandonment of the language by the younger generation. In the 1951 census only 10 people said they could not speak English.
The following decades saw the beginnings of a revival. Gaelic medium education was introduced in 1996 after a long dispute with the authorities. A Gaelic-medium unit was introduced in Salen Primary School, followed by a second unit at Bunessan Primary School; the language began to be taught in the first two years of secondary school; and Gaelic playgroups were introduced. By 2006 it was found that, though only 10% of the working-age cohort spoke or understood Gaelic, language ability at school age was much higher. There was great local variation in the number of speakers, from around 25% in Craignure (Creag an Iubhair) to 4% in Aros. It has been argued, however, that in terms of language survival, there is reason for optimism in Mull.
There is a small amount of farming, aquaculture, and fishing, and Forestry and Land Scotland has several plantations on the island. Tobermory also has one whisky distillery (Tobermory distillery) and from 2005 to 2009 had a brewery (Isle of Mull Brewing Company). Tiroran is home to the island's other distillery (Whitetail Gin) which was established as the isle's first new distillery in over 220 years in 2019.
Tourism is definitely significant. The economy began to revive when the construction of Craignure Pier in 1964 started to bring tourists. Tourism is now the mainstay of the island's economy. Ecotourism became popular from the 1990s, and the reintroduction of white-tailed eagles in 2005 became a particular ecotourist attraction. The island is one of the few places to see sea eagles; there were at least 22 pairs as of April 2020.
Isle of Mull cheese is Scottish cheddar cheese made from raw cow milk produced on the Isle of Mull.
Apart from traversing the Ross of Mull on the way to Iona, visitors typically spend time in Tobermory, visit Glengorm Castle[citation needed] and then enjoy one of the beaches. One report states that "the south-west holds more white beaches, famous for their pink granite skerries and stunning sunsets, that are also perfect for kayaking". Accommodations for tourists include self-catering holiday cottages, a few hotels, and some campsites.
Tourism was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and into 2021. A September 2020 report stated that "The Highlands and Islands region has been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic to date, when compared to Scotland and the UK as a whole". The industry required short-term support for "business survival and recovery" and that was expected to continue as the sector was "severely impacted for as long as physical distancing and travel restrictions". A scheme called Island Equivalent was introduced by the Scottish government in early 2021 to financially assist hospitality and retail businesses "affected by Level 3 coronavirus restrictions". Previous schemes in 2020 included the Strategic Framework Business Fund and the Coronavirus Business Support Fund.
Tobermory – with just over a thousand people, the largest settlement on Mull – is home to the only whisky distillery on the island.
Ferry links to Mull from the mainland include:
The most-used ferry, from Oban to Craignure (approx. 45 minutes),
Kilchoan to Tobermory (approx. 35 minutes)
Lochaline to Fishnish (approx. 15 minutes).
Advance bookings are not required for the Kilchoan or Fishnish ferries; access to those two ferry terminals on the mainland side is via single-track roads.
There are also ferry links from Fionnphort on Mull to the neighbouring island of Iona and from Oskamull to Ulva. In past years there were direct sailings to Oban (calling at Drimnin, Salen, Lochaline, and Craignure), and to Barra, Coll, and Tiree from Tobermory. During the summer there was also a sailing to Staffa and Iona from Oban that called at Tobermory.
Buses
Buses are operated by West Coast Motors Ltd. There are routes from Tobermory to Calgary via Dervaig (Service 494), Tobermory to Craignure via Salen (Service 495), and Craignure to Fionnphort via Bunessan (Service 496). Limited services operate to Lochbuie and Gruline. West Coast Motors also provide guided tours around Mull, Iona, and Staffa, including boat transfers from Oban.
A minibus service also operates seasonally from Craignure to Duart Castle.
There is also a community-run service from Calgary to Salen via Ulva Ferry.
There is a landing strip for private light aircraft near Salen. There was a seaplane that linked Tobermory with Glasgow and Oban. The regular scheduled service terminated in 2009. Loganair operated a scheduled service to Glasgow in the 1960s from Glenforsa airfield, a 780-metre-long (2,560 ft) grass airstrip constructed by the Royal Engineers in 1965 near Salen. The airstrip has been operated since 2014 by Brendan and Allison Walsh, owners of the adjacent Glenforsa Hotel.
Tourist railway
The Isle of Mull Railway ran from Craignure to Torosay Castle but closed in 2011.
There is one secondary school on the island (Tobermory High School) and six primary schools. Salen Primary School has a Gaelic medium education unit. Secondary pupils (age 11–18) from Iona, Bunessan and Fionnphort in the south-west attend Oban High School, staying in an Oban hostel from Monday to Thursday.
Mull was connected to the mainland by a submarine telegraph cable between Oban and Grass Point in 1871. There were telegraph offices at Tobermory, Dervaig, Calgary, Craignure, Pennyghael, Tiroran, Fionnphort, Bunessan, and Iona.
The Post Office built an experimental wireless telegraph station on Meall an Inbhire near Tobermory in 1892.
In 2014, fibre optic cables for support of high speed internet were laid between Kilchoan (in Ardnamurchan) and Tobermory and between Dunstaffnage (near Oban) and Torosay. In February 2015 additional cables were laid underground between Tobermory and Torosay to complete the link.
AM radio, broadcast from Oban, came to the island in 1930 and television in 1954. New AM radio and UHF television transmitters were constructed on Druim Mòr, one mile (1.6 km) west of Torosay Castle, in 1978. Digital transmissions commenced on 15 November 1998 and analogue transmissions ceased on 27 October 2010. The digital transmitters have 22 relays on Mull, surrounding islands, and parts of the mainland, collectively the Torosay Transmitter Group.
Mull Theatre is a professional theatre company based in a 2008 theatre production centre on the outskirts of Tobermory. The company commissions plays, tours throughout Scotland and beyond, and runs an education and outreach programme. It started at the "Mull Little Theatre" at Dervaig in 1966 and was the "Smallest Professional Theatre in the World" according to the Guinness World Records. The National Theatre of Scotland were in residence at the Mull Theatre in April 2009.
An Tobar ("The Well"), based in Tobermory, is the only publicly funded multidisciplinary arts centre in Argyll. Established in 1997, it is a centre for visual arts, crafts and music. With effect from 1 April 2013, An Tobar and the Mull Theatre were brought together as Comar.
The Isle of Mull is a popular destination for naturalists and photographers for seeing some of Britain's more elusive species.
Mull has over 800 species of vascular plant (684 native and 171 naturalised) including 33 species of fern, at least 18 species of orchid and 22 native species of tree. There are about 700 species of lichen, 571 liverworts and mosses, and 247 marine algae (seaweeds), making a total of 2,388 species of plant recorded from the island. In addition, more than 2,000 species of fungi have been recorded on Mull: Dennis and Watling write, "When one speaks of the Inner Hebridean fungi one is referring to the floras of Mull and Rhum".
The island has 261 different bird species, including the white-tailed eagle, which was reintroduced to the nearby island of Rùm and migrated to Mull, where it now has a stronghold. Basking sharks, minke whales, porpoises, and dolphins are among the sea life nearby.
The island is home to a population of otters that live in coastal habitat, hunting during the day. The Mull Otter Group was established for the conservation needs of otters on the Isle of Mull.
The island also has several birds of prey, such as hen harriers, golden eagles, and short eared owls, all difficult species to see throughout the rest of the UK. Pine martens have also recently become established on Mull; based on sighting records and from resulting modelling exercises, it is believed the species arrived in 2004 through accidental transportation on timber boats from the mainland. It is unlikely that pine martens have ever been native to the Isle of Mull.
The Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust was established in 1994 and is a marine conservation charity that takes action through community based research and education. The Trust carries out long-term monitoring programmes on cetaceans in the Hebrides, by collating sightings reported by the public and running live-aboard research expeditions on their sailing yacht, Silurian. The Trust covers the west coast of Scotland, and is based in Tobermory, where it has its main office, Discovery Centre and the mooring of their research vessel.
There are also a number of invasive species on the island, including plant species such as Japanese knotweed and animals such as feral cats and American mink that are believed to be causing damage to the indigenous species populations through competition and predation.
Lochdon Free Church, built in 1852
The Tour of Mull is a road-closing rally around the island every October. It has been sponsored since 2005 by Tunnock's, the Lanarkshire teacake and biscuit manufacturer. A five-year sponsorship deal with Beatson's Building Supplies started in 2015.
There are several shipwrecks around the shores that offer scuba diving.
There is an Isle of Mull Cycling Club.
The Cross at the Castle cyclocross event is held annually at Glengorm Castle near Tobermory and features the World Santacross Championships and the Scottish Singlespeed Cylocross Championships.
Mull Runners organise a half marathon and 10K run each August between Craignure and Salen.
Rugby is played at Garmony (beside the Craignure to Salen road 6+1⁄2 mi or 10.5 km north of Craignure). The Mull Rugby 7s Competition takes place annually in May at The Isle of Mull R.F.C's rugby club.
There are golf courses at Tobermory (Erray Park), Craignure (beside the Craignure to Salen road 1 mi or 1.5 km north of Craignure) and on Iona.
Mull Highland Games are held each July in the grounds of Tobermory Golf Club (Erray Park). Events include Heavy Weights, Light Field, and Highland Dance.
The swimming pool at the Isle of Mull Hotel, Craignure is open to the paying public.
Tobermory has some free tennis courts.
Football is played, mainly in the south end. Bunessan F.C. play a number of games during the summer, most notably against arch rivals Iona FC, the island just off the south west end. Bunessan F.C. also hold an annual 5-a-side tournament in July.
Following research and community consultation in 1996/97, a development trust was created to identify key goals for the communities of Mull and Iona. Mull & Iona Community Trust was formed in 1997 and published a "Community Regeneration Strategy" for the islands. They purchased the only butcher's shop on the island (closed February 2010), created a community-run Countryside Ranger service, instigated various recycling initiatives, and provide a fundraising and training consultancy.
Martyn Bennett (1971–2005), Canadian-Scottish musician, lived on Mull, buried in Calgary Bay cemetery
Peter Bonetti, (1941–2020), English footballer (goalkeeper)
Major General Colin Gubbins, head of Special Operations Executive during World War II
Duncan Livingstone (1877–1964) Scottish Gaelic Bard, born at Torloisk, emigrated to South Africa in 1903. Continued to write Gaelic verse in Pretoria until his death.
Agnes Maxwell MacLeod (1783–1879) poet and minister's wife
Colin MacIntyre (b. 1971), Scottish musician who frequently goes under the name "Mull Historical Society"
Margaret McKellar (1861–1941), medical missionary
John McLean (1799–1890), Canadian-Scottish explorer and one of the chief traders of the Hudson's Bay Company
Norman Maclean (1902–1990), acclaimed Scottish-American author from Missoula, Montana, who explored the alcoholism and gambling addictions of his ancestors, Scottish Gaelic-speaking Presbyterians on the Isle, in the 1976 novella A River Runs Through It and Other Stories
Mary Macleod, 17th-century poet said to have been banished to Mull
Lachlan Macquarie, (1762–1824), Governor of New South Wales, born on the nearby island of Ulva[
Country Rubble - Manufactured Stone has subtle chiseled textures with hand-crafted edges which create a rustic effect. Country Rubble can be installed tightly-fitted or with a mortar joint.
Bill, Sorry I am so late in getting you a picture of the rifles that I have been building over the last couple of years, but here they are.
Thank you for the great stocks, they function great and look awesome. Also, thank you for the advice an help you have given me. I hope I can put it to good use in my shooting. The Gun Specs: Light Gun Chamber: 6mm-284 (.272 nk) Action: Rem 700 Stock: Shehane Tracker II in desert camo Barrel: Pac-Nor 3 groove 1 in 8 twist Scopre: NF 5.5-22x56 NXS Heavy Gun Chamber: 6.5mm-284 (.292 nk) Action: Rem 700 Stock: Shehane MBR Tracker in blue meadow Barrel: Pac-Nor 3 groove 1 in 8.5 twist Scopre: NF 12-42x56 NXS Trigger: Jewell BR Once
Thank you Bill and Diane. Joe Thielen
Manufactured by LOMO (Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Union = Ленинградское Oптико-Mеханическое Oбъединение, ЛОМО), in Leningrad , former USSR.
Смена = Smena means Young Generation or Relay
Model: 1972 type 2a (produced between 1970-77)
Asto Alexander Komarov in Fotoua
35mm film Viewfinder camera
The camera uses special cassette of Rapid film for 12 frames
Lens:LOMO (ЛОМО)T-43 (Triplet) 40mm f/4filter slip-on serial no.none
Aperture:f/4-f/16setting: ring and scale on front of the lens
Focus range: 1-10m +inf
Focusing: manual front element focusing, meter, feet and symbol scales
Shutter:leaf shutter, speeds:1/15-1/250 +B w/synchronizer
setting: ring and scale on the lens-shutter barrel
You can set shutter speed using symbol windowon the top plate also
Shutter release: on the left of the lens-shutter barrel
Cocking lever:The winding of the film and cocking the shutter are connected, on the back side of the camera
Frame counter: window on the top-plate
Viewfinder:reverse telescopic finder, with bright frame lines
Re-wind lever: none; two casettes should be use always
Flash PC socket: on the left side of the camera
Cold-shoe
Memory dial: on the back cover
Self-timer: none
Back cover: opens by a latch on the left side
Tripod socket: 1/4"
Strap lugs: none
Body: plastic; Weight:
serial no.7231289(beneath the shutter, the first two digits show the production year)
There are 2 types and 1 sub-type of the Smena-SL.
Smena SL was Similar with Smena-Rapid but with frame finder and accessory shoe.
More info:
Amphora ceramics manufactured in the mosaic panel is embossed, all pieces are hand-cut, 37 / 47cm.
Manufactured by Johann.
Manufactured by F.E. Dzerzhinsky factory, Kharkov, Ukraine, USSR. Also known as FED Zarya.
Model: 1959, type 1a (Rare type), produced between 1959-60
as to Alexandr Komarov
all Zarya produced between 1959-61, Produced pieces 141.288
35mm film Viewfinder camera
Engraving on the top plate: Заря (=Zarya) means Dawn
Lens: Industar-26m 50mm f/2.8, (ИНДУСТАР-26m), red engraving "П" means coated, Mount: M39 Screw mount, Leica type, filter thread: 35mm, serial no.894204
Lens release: simply un-screw
Aperture: f/2.8-f/22, setting: ring and scale on the lens
Focusing: Manual focusing, ring, scale and DOF scale on the lens
Focus range: 1-20m +inf
Shutter: horizontal traveling focal plane, cloth curtain, speeds: 1/30 - 1/500 +B
setting: dial on the top plate, turns when winding, lift and turn for setting
Shutter release: on the top plate, with a collar for re-wind release, w/ cable release socket
Cocking knob: also winds the film, on the right of the top plate,
Frame counter: beneath the cocking knob, additive type, manual setting
Viewfinder: Unusual big viewfinder, 15x11mm, later Zaryas have 15x9mm
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate, turns when winding
Re-wind release: by the collar around the shutter release, П = re-wind, С = wind
Flash PC socket: on front of the top plate, X sync. 1/30
Cold-shoe
Memory dial : on the winding knob
Self-timer: none
Back cover: : Removable with the bottom plate, opens by two levers on the bottom plate
Film loading: special take-up spool, removable
Tripod socket: old type, 3/8''
Strap lugs
Body: metal, Weight: 569g
serial no.9026497 (on the back of the top plate)
The early Leica cameras, and the other Leica inspired cameras like Canon III, FEDs and Zorkis, and almost any camera which winding also causes the film speed selector turning, always cock the shutter before changing film speeds.
Zarya was a simplified economy version of FED-2b. It was restyled and simplified top housing without rangefinder and slow shutter speeds. Intended for the Soviet domestic market.
Manufactured by Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, Dresden, East Germany
Model: c.1962, version 5.2 (A&R 1.1,1.2, Hummel 063)
Produced between 1960-63 with quantity 88700 units
as to Andrzej Wrotniak
35mm SLR film camera
Engraving on the top plate: Ihagee Dresden
BODY
Lens release: lever on the lens flange
Focusing: simple matte glass screen, ring and scale on the lens
Shutter: Focal plane cloth vertical shutter; speeds: in geometric progression 1/2-1/250,
Setting: dial on the left of the top plate
Shutter lock lever: on the back of the top plate
Shutter release: on front of the camera, w/ cable release socket
Cocking lever: also winds the film, on the right of the top plate
Frame counter: decreasing type, manual reset, on the winding knob
Viewfinder: eye level SLR pentaprism, fixed
Mirror: not instant return
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate, on the shutter speeds dial
Re-wind release: near the cocking lever
Flash PC socket: on front of the camera, bulb and electronic flash markings near the speeds dial
Cold-shoe: none
Memory dial : on the winding knob
Self-timer: none
Back cover: hinged, opens bya latch on the left of the camera
Special removable take-up spool
Tripod socket: ¼"
Strap lugs
Body: metal; Weight:
serial no. 237208, on the bottomplate
Exa II line are fixed finder cameras.
The Exa II line was introduced earlier than Exa I, in 1959, and manufactured concurrently with first Exa, and then Exa I models until 1963, to be replaced with Exa IIa and later, IIb.
The prism is permanently fixed (with a plain groundglass, at least in this one), and the camera has a regular focal-plane shutter running vertically. The wind lever is not as smooth as that of Exa Ia, probably because of a different shutter mechanism.
The body shape, size, and weight are similar to those of the Exa I line, and the feel and finish
somewhat better.
LENS
Standard lens:
Carl Zeiss Jena Tessar 50mm f/2.8, 4 elements, (black), fully automatic type, (no internal aperture coupling, diaphragm always in open position, pressing the plunger on the lens closes the aperture to the pre-set f number then the shutter releases),
Exakta bayonet mount, filter thread 49mm, serial no. 6860863 (introduced in 1961)
Aperture: f/2.8 - f/22, setting: ring and scale on the lens
Focus range : 0.50 - 15m +inf
More info :Andrzej Wrotniak, Captain Jack, Maurizio Frizziero, in Photo.net
The development of arc-based additive manufacturing (AM) is being driven by the need for increased manufacturing efficiency of engineering structures. Its ability to produce very near net shape preforms without the need for complex tooling, moulds, dies or furnaces offers potential for significant cost and lead time reductions, increased material efficiency and improved component performance.
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/arc-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
General shots of shopkeepers and street hawkers in different markets in Delhi, India.
© ILO/J. Urmila 2018
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.
Adhesives and tapes for bonding, reclosable fasteners: design and package a stronger, lighter, better looking, longer lasting, and less costly product. We deliver a complete line of tapes and specialty products to help you meet the needs of today's challenging industrial manufacturing marketplace. Our solutions include sealing and holding; packaging, bundling and reinforcing; identification; protection; masking, gasket and cushioning; and web processing3M was founded in 1902 at the Lake Superior town of Two Harbors, Minn. Five businessmen set out to mine a mineral deposit for grinding-wheel abrasives. But the deposits proved to be of little value, and the new Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. quickly moved to nearby Duluth to focus on sandpaper products.
Years of struggle ensued until the company could master quality production and a supply chain. New investors were attracted to 3M, such as Lucius Ordway, who moved the company to St. Paul in 1910. Early technical and marketing innovations began to produce successes and, in 1916, the company paid its first dividend of 6 cents a share.
The world's first waterproof sandpaper, which reduced airborne dusts during automobile manufacturing, was developed in the early 1920s.
A second major milestone occurred in 1925 when Richard G. Drew, a young lab assistant, invented masking tape – an innovative step toward diversification and the first of many Scotch® Pressure-Sensitive Tapes.
In the following years, technical progress resulted in Scotch Cellophane Tape for box sealing and soon hundreds of practical uses were discovered.
In the early 1940s, 3M was diverted into defense materials for World War II, which was followed by new ventures, such as Scotchlite™ Reflective Sheeting for highway markings, magnetic sound recording tape, filament adhesive tape and the start of 3M's involvement in the graphic arts field with offset printing plates.
In the 1950s, 3M introduced the Thermo-Fax copying process, Scotchgard™ Fabric Protector, videotape, Scotch-Brite™ Cleaning Pads and several new electro-mechanical products.
Dry-silver microfilm was introduced in the 1960s, along with photographic products, carbonless papers, overhead projection systems, and a rapidly growing health care business of medical and dental products.
Markets further expanded in the 1970s and 1980s into pharmaceuticals, radiology and energy control.
Manufactured by Voigtländer & Sohn AG, Braunschweig, Germany
Model: 1939, very early model, manufactured for un-perforated 135 film,
produced in 1939/40, all Vito produced between 1939/40, 1947-50
35mm film Folder camera, picture size: 24x36mm
Engraving on the front cover: V on a disc
Lens: Scopar 50mm f/3.5, anastigmat Tessar type,
Filter: Hinged on front of the the lens, Voigtländer Moment 25-29 Yellow filter, lens serial no. 2479400 ( on the back of the lens, inside the body)
Aperture: f/3.5-f/16, setting: lever and scale on the lens
Focusing: guess the distance manual front focusing, distance and DOF scales on the lens, Focus range: 1-20m +inf
Shutter: Compur leaf shutter, speeds:1-1/300, setting: ring and scale on the lens
Cocking lever: on the lens-shutter barrel
Shutter release: a bar shape, on top of the front cover
Double exposure prevention: for the operation of the interlock the film must be loaded before, shutter not works before the winding one frame, also the winding is impossible before the picture taking
Cable release socket: on top of the front cover
Frame counter: window on the top plate, additive type, manuel setting by a thumb wheel just behind rewind release lever on the back side of the top plate, works when wilm in the camera
Viewfinder: simple reverse telescopic finder, very small but bright
Front cover and bellows opening: automaticaly opens by a small button on the bottom plate,
closing: simultaneously press the handles on the front plate, then push in
Winding knob: on the right of the top plate
Re-wind knob: on the left of the top plate,
Re-wind release: by a lever, on the back of the top plate,
lift up and hold it on this position when re-winding
Flash PC socket: none
Cold-shoe: none
Self-timer: none
Back cover: Hinged, opens by lifting up the ledge on the left side of the camera
Film loading: with a feeler shaft but no sprockets and a special take up-spool,
do not forget to lift up the re-wind release lever, then turn film counter to F, and let re-wind release lever fall back, then turn the winding knob till stops, then lift up and fall back the lever once more !
Engraving on the back cover: Voigtländer Vito Germany
Tripod socket: old type 3/8'', on the bottom plate
There is a small camera leg on the bottom of the front plate
Strap lugs: none
Body: metal, Weight: 371g
serial no. none
Vito was the first 35mm camera of the Voigtländer brand. Vito is known as Vito I also.
The first, early Vito was produced in small numbers in 1939/40, (some sources say the beginning was in 1939, others say 1940), until war disrupted the production. Vito was originally designed for newly introduced un-perforated 35mm film to get 30x40mm picture frames thus there are no sprocket wheels. Shortly before the production started, this kind of film's production stopped due to beginning of the WW2. Thus the camera equipped with a feeler shaft for film transport, but fitted 24x36mm picture aperture and then marketed. Hinged filter is also a feature of very early models of Vito. In later models the filter is slip-on. After the WW2 the Vito I production resumed and made between 1947-50, then replaced by Vito II. All Vito series were produced from 1939/40 to 1971.
More info: Vito Guide in Butkus Manuals, Voigtländer Collection, UK Camera, Camera-wiki, Marriott world
Many Years ago, I had a job interview at Pyke Manufacturing in Oshawa, Ontario. I didn't get the job.
The Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured car by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.
As Lee Iacocca's assistant general manager and chief engineer, Donald H. Frey was the head engineer for the Mustang project — supervising the overall development of the Mustang in a record 18 months — while Iacocca himself championed the project as Ford Division general manager. The Mustang prototype was a two-seat, mid-mounted engine roadster. This vehicle employed a Taunus (Ford Germany) V4 engine and was very similar in appearance to the much later Pontiac Fiero. It was claimed that the decision to abandon the 2 seat design was in part due to the low sales experienced with the 2 seat 1955 T-Bird. To broaden market appeal it was later remodelled as a four-seat car styled under the direction of Project Design Chief Joe Oros and his team of L. David Ash, Gale Halderman, and John Foster— in Ford's Lincoln–Mercury Division design studios, which produced the winning design in an intramural design contest instigated by Iacocca.
Having set the design standards for the Mustang, Oros said:
“ I told the team that I wanted the car to appeal to women, but I wanted men to desire it, too. I wanted a Ferrari-like front end, the motif centred on the front – something heavy-looking like a Maserati, but, please, not a trident – and I wanted air intakes on the side to cool the rear brakes. I said it should be as sporty as possible and look like it was related to European design.” Oros added:
“ I then called a meeting with all the Ford studio designers. We talked about the sporty car for most of that afternoon, setting parameters for what it should look like -- and what it should not look like -- by making lists on a large pad, a technique I adapted from the management seminar. We taped the lists up all around the studio to keep ourselves on track. We also had photographs of all the previous sporty cars that had been done in the Corporate Advanced studio as a guide to themes or ideas that were tired or not acceptable to management. Within a week we had hammered out a new design. We cut templates and fitted them to the clay model that had been started. We cut right into it, adding or deleting clay to accommodate our new theme, so it wasn't like starting all over. But we knew Lincoln-Mercury would have two models. And Advanced would have five, some they had previously shown and modified, plus a couple extras. But we would only have one model because Ford studio had a production schedule for a good many facelifts and other projects. We couldn't afford the manpower, but we made up for lost time by working around the clock so our model would be ready for the management review.
” To cut down the development cost and achieve a suggested retail price of US$2,368, the Mustang was based heavily on familiar yet simple components. Much of the chassis, suspension, and drivetrain components were derived from the Ford Falcon and Ford Fairlane (North American). Favorable publicity articles appeared in 2,600 newspapers the next morning, the day the car was "officially" revealed. A Mustang also appeared in the James Bond film Goldfinger in September 1964, the first time the car was used in a movie.
The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang built from 1965 through 1970.
These cars are often improperly called "Cobras", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Carroll Shelby during the same period. The confusion arises from the optional "Cobra" valve covers on many GT350s, part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby. All 1965-66 cars featured the K-Code 271 hp 289, modified to produce 306 hp. 1965-66 GT350s were delivered from Ford's San Jose assembly plant as "bodies in white" for modification by Carroll Shelby's operation, originally in Venice Beach and later at Los Angeles International Airport.
All but one 1965 GT350s were painted Wimbledon White with Guardsman Blue rocker stripes. The one exception was blue with white stripes. Contrary to popular belief, very few GT350s were delivered with the optional "Le Mans" hood, roof, and trunk stripes, an option which was usually installed by the dealer. Today it's difficult to find a GT350 not so equipped. 1965 cars had the battery relocated to the trunk, featured overrider traction bars, relocated A-arms, and other modifications.
1966 saw the introduction of non-white colours—including blue, red, green and black. Other changes include special quarter-panel windows replacing the factory extractor vents, functional brake scoops on each side and optional automatic transmissions, as well as the addition of an optional Paxton supercharger. The battery was no longer relocated to the trunk for 1966, and the over-rider traction bars were discontinued. A fold-down rear seat was now standard. Where early 1965 cars had black engine blocks, 1966 and later cars had the 289 engine painted blue. The first 252 GT-350s for 1966 began as 1965 Mustang K-Code Fastbacks. Often these first 252 1966 GT-350s are referred to as "carry-over" cars, but this is not the case. These 252 1965 Model Mustangs were specifically ordered by Shelby American for conversion into 1966 GT-350 Mustangs. They were not "left over" from the 1965 production, at all. They had the 1965 Ford Mustang Bodies and 1965 Ford Mustang serial numbers under their Shelby serial numbers. They mostly had 1965 features including standard Koni shock absorbers and engines painted black. Blue engines did not appear in 1966 until after these first 252 GT-350s were produced. 1966 production was 1373 fastbacks, including two prototypes and four drag cars, and 252 early production models with Ford Mustang 1965 bodies. 1001 Hertz fastbacks were produced, including two prototypes. Four convertibles were also produced, for a total of 2378 units for 1966. A small number (how many remains unclear) of 1966s were fitted with Paxton superchargers, but not the No-Spin limited slip differential, with an option price of US$670; the engine was rated at 440 hp (330 kW).
This business may have been here long before zoning laws declared this a residential area. Such enterprises are commonly "grandfathered" - allowed to stay but create no precedent for similar ones to start up nearby.
It may have a long history of skilled wood workers, whose grandchildren perhaps are acquiring MBAs and going into finance.
Money is manufactured in the United States Mint on Spring Garden St, which was built 1898-1901 after designs by James Knox Taylor. The Community College of Philadelphia acquired the property in 1971.
World’s first series-production, sixteen-cylinder car
Manufacturing period: 1930 – 1937 (various design modifications)
Units: 4387
Top speed: 145 km/h
Original price (1930): $ 5900.-- (Convertible Coupé)
e n g i n e
Cylinders: 16 (45 degree angle / V-configuration)
Displacement: 7413 cc
Rated output: 121 KW / 165 PS @ 3200 rpm
Operation: 4-stroke petrol engine with dual Cadillac carburettors (patent: C.F. Johnson)
Bore x stroke: 76.2 x 101.6 mm
Cooling system: Liquid cooled with pump
Engine block: Cast iron
Manufactured by Zeiss Ikon AG., Stuttgart, West Germany
Model: c.1954, Zeiss catalog number 533/24, 2nd version, (produced between 1953-55)
Folder 35mm film camera
Engraving on the front cover: Zeiss Ikon, Contessa and stamp in the front cover Zeiss logo
Lens: Tessar Zeiss-Opton T, 45mm f/2.8, four element, coated
filter thread 27mm, slip-on 28.5 mm, serial no.857474
Aperture: f/2.8-f/22, setting: lever and scale on the lens-shutter barrel
Focusing: match the yellow rangefinder images, by front element focusing milled ring,
very complex adjusting mechanism,
w/ a separate rotating wedges microprism window on the lens-shutter barrel
Focus range: 3-20 feet +inf, w/ DOF scale
Shutter: Synchro-Compur leaf shutter, speeds: 1-1/500 +B
setting : ring and scale on the lens-shutter barrel
Shutter release: on the lens-shutter barrel
Cable release socket: on the right back side of the lens-shutter barrel
Cocking lever: on the lens-shutter barrel
Winding knob: on the left of the bottom plate, double exposure preventing,
There must be a film in the camera for the shutter release working,
turn the winding knob until the lock catches,
the shutter can not be released unless the film is fully wound to the next frame,
furthermore the film is only be advanced after having released the shutter
Frame counter: manual, works with film in the camera, window and thumb adjusting wheel on the bottom plate
Viewfinder: coupled Viewfinder / Rangefinder, light green colored finder screen
Exposure meter: uncoupled Selenium cell meter, colour corrected,
w/ a lid on its window,
Film speed range: 6-400 ASA, setting: the ASA scale disc with two knob on the main setting knob on the right of the top plate
Exposure setting: needle window and scale beside the main setting knob, turn the knob until the indicator mark of the knob is in the range of the white needle pointer, then read the corresponding speed and aperture numbers, then set them on the lens shutter barrel,
for strong light metering, close the meter's lid and read the green aperture scale on the setting knob
Zeiss Ikon red dot setting: permits constant readiness, set the aperture and distance on the red dots, then you do not need further adjustments, all object from 2.5m to inf. will be sharp
Re-wind lever: on the right side of the bottom plate
Re-wind release: press down the knob in the center of the winding knob
Flash PC socket: on the lens-shutter barrel, and a green lever for X and M
Cold-shoe: Engravings in the cold shoe Zeiss Ikon Logo, Stutgart, Germany, and serial no
Memory dial: for film type, on the left of the top plate
Self-timer: none
Front cover opening: a knob on the front cover, closes by pressing the milled struts
Back cover: Hinged, opens by a latch on the left side of the camera,
w/ a pull-out support leg,
Engravings on the back cover: Zeiss Ikon Logo, Made In Germany Stuttgart,
Zeiss catalog no and serial no.
Tripod socket: 1/4'' on the front cover
Strap lugs
Body: metal, Weight: 611g
serial no. A32362
+ Zeiss Ikon 352 S27 G 2x yellow filter and Zeiss Ikon 1110 A 28.5 lens hood
The first Folding Contessa was produced between 1950-53 and had a Compur Rapid shutter and the second version 1953-55 with a f2.8 45mm Tessar and Synchro Compur shutter.
They were a high end 35mm folding cameras. Although dating from the early 1950s, it has all the classic looks of the 1930s and even in its day would have appealed to the traditionalists looking for new technology in a classic guise. Zeiss Ikon took all detail into account for design and built, highly over-engineered by today's standard, the feel of them is different.
Contessa was the name given to a family of cameras produced by Zeiss Ikon in Stuttgart that folders between 1950-1955 and compact rangefinder/viewfinder cameras between 1960-1971. These were mid to high-end cameras. Non-folding cameras were Contessa, Contessamatic and Contessamat.
from Camerawiki
Presenters Ma Qian, Richard Hague, Dave Rosen, Todd Palmer, and Ming Leu with program organizers John Carpenter and David Bourell for the Additive Manufacturing Joint Keynote Session held on Monday, March 12 at TMS2018.
The development of arc-based additive manufacturing (AM) is being driven by the need for increased manufacturing efficiency of engineering structures. Its ability to produce very near net shape preforms without the need for complex tooling, moulds, dies or furnaces offers potential for significant cost and lead time reductions, increased material efficiency and improved component performance.
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/arc-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
The development of arc-based additive manufacturing (AM) is being driven by the need for increased manufacturing efficiency of engineering structures. Its ability to produce very near net shape preforms without the need for complex tooling, moulds, dies or furnaces offers potential for significant cost and lead time reductions, increased material efficiency and improved component performance.
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/arc-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".