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I have finally got around to visiting the inside of the new Library of Birmingham. Around 18 days after it first opened!
Got in just before 4pm, and left before 5pm.
Level 2: Knowledge Floor.
Views from the windows on the 2nd floor.
Orion Building.
Suffolk Street Queensway.
The Forty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from February 27 to March 3, 2023 in hybrid form – with delegates and observers attending physically in Geneva, Switzerland, and via remote participation from around the world.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
On June 20, 2013 The White House recognized Champions of Change in Open Science.
ImpactStory co-founders Jason Priem and Heather Piwowar present their poster, "ImpactStory: Open Carrots for Open Science" [the link is to their poster] to Open Access advocate Mike Rossner, during a reception hosted by the Mozilla Science Lab in the Indian Treaty Room.
Photo by Brian Glanz, founder of the Open Science Federation and co-founder of Open Knowledge United States.
1st Doctoral Forum 2013 Bridging Cultures Driving Knowledge took place at ISCTE-IUL on the 4th october 2013. Fotografia de Hugo Alexandre Cruz.
creative commons licensed (BY-NC-SA) flickr photo by @Doug88888: flickr.com/photos/doug88888/4128370793
Quote from Steve Wheeler's post 'It Takes a Village' steve-wheeler.blogspot.com.au/2014/04/it-takes-village.html
Just experimenting with manual focus at a close distance ..
Shot indoors using natural light and edited using Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 3
Marcha por la Ciencia y el Conocimiento, Santiago 2018.March for Science and Knowledge, Santiago 2018.
Day 18
- Knowledge Blackout
- Since everyone are talking about SOPA and PIPA I decided to do today's picture about Wikipedia's blackout.
Jimmy Wales Visit Korea.
Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales (born August 7, 1966) is an American Internet entrepreneur known for his role in the creation of Wikipedia, a free open content encyclopedia launched in 2001. He serves on the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation, holding the board-appointed "community founder" seat. In 2004, he founded Wikia, a privately owned free web hosting service.
Although Wales has long been cited as the co-founder of Wikipedia, he disputes the "co-" designation, asserting that he is "the sole founder of Wikipedia". With others, Wales laid the foundation for Wikipedia's rapid growth and popularity.
The success of the project helped popularize Web 2.0, a trend in web development that aims to facilitate creativity, collaboration, and sharing among users. As Wikipedia expanded and its public profile grew, Wales took on the role of the project's spokesperson and promoter through speaking engagements and media appearances.
His work with Wikipedia, which has become the world's largest encyclopedia, prompted Time magazine to name him in its 2006 list of the world's most influential people.Wales is the de facto leader of Wikipedia, whose role in the project has gained broad media attention and has led to controversy.
Source from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales
U.S. Army National Guard Soldiers competing in the Region 1 Best Warrior Competition exit a UH-60 Black Hawk Helicopter at West Point, N.Y., May 19, 2018. The Region 1 Best Warrior Competition, held May 16-19, 2018, is an annual event in which junior enlisted Soldiers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) from eight Northeastern states compete in several events intended to test their military skills and knowledge, as well as their physical fitness and endurance. The two winners (one junior enlisted and one NCO) will go on to compete at the national level against Soldiers representing the 54 states and territories. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Staff Sgt. Michael Davis)
Knowledge is wisdom, the more experiences you've been through and problems you've faced, you grow smarter.
Knowledge Café: WSIS+10: From - Vision to Implementation
WSIS Action Lines Driving Development beyond 2015
© ITU/C. Montesano Casillas
Madame Marie Temple of Knowledge Marie Castello (May 25, 1915 – June 27, 2008), who was known as Madam Marie, was an American Fortuneteller and Psychic Reader who worked on the Asbury Park, New Jersey, Boardwalk from 1932 until 2008. Madam Marie was the longest running tenant on the Asbury Park Boardwalk.
Castello was a fixture in Asbury Park for decades, telling fortunes on and off at her tiny booth on the boardwalk which is nicknamed The Temple of Knowledge. She read the fortunes of celebrities ranging from Judy Garland to Bruce Springsteen. According to accounts, Castello reportedly told Springsteen that he would be a huge success. Springsteen later jokes that she told all her musician clients the same thing.
Springsteen mentioned Castello in his 1973 song, "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)", which earned her a certain amount of fame among his fans. Springsteen wrote in the song's lyrics of Castello, "Did you hear the cops finally busted Madam Marie for tellin' fortunes better than they do." Castello was never arrested during her career, according to Asbury Park deputy mayor Jim Bruno. Bruno added that, "...Springsteen turned her into an icon." Also in his song Brilliant Disguise,in writing about his failing first marriage he sings, "As we stood at the altar the gypsy swore our future was bright, but come the wee-wee hours maybe baby the gypsy lied". Springsteen reportedly never forgot Madam Marie and often visited her when he was back in Asbury Park. "He always comes by to say hello...He knows where he came from," Castello told the Asbury Park Press in a May 2008 interview with reporter Bill Handleman.
"Urban Transport Knowledge Sharing Russia-Brazil" project
Curitiba, 07 de agosto de 2013
Reunião com Denise Sella, diretora de Urbanização, e Silvia Ramos, do departamento de Relacionamento na URBS (Urbanização de Curitiba) e visita técnica ao icônico BRT de Curitiba.
Foto: Mariana Gil/EMBARQ Brasil
Sobre o projeto:
Com o objetivo de buscar inspiração e aprofundar conhecimentos técnicos para seus projetos de mobilidade, uma comitiva do Governo Russo está em visita a três capitais brasileiras: São Paulo, Curitiba e Rio de Janeiro. O grupo que compõe a missão – realizada pelo Banco Mundial com apoio da EMBARQ Brasil – é formado por representantes do Ministério de Transportes da Rússia, vice-prefeitos, pesquisadores e outros envolvidos com projetos de transporte ligados a megaeventos esportivos.
Gian Carlo Delgado, National Autonomous University
of Mexico, speaking at the Climate Change Mitigation with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, Cairns, Australia, (26-28 March 2012).
we the believers in #ChristJesus our Lord won’t speak to evil and wicked people.
Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Romans 12:9
Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. He that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen God. 3 John 1:11
The lattice-enclosed residence, general store and post office was on the corner of Opal and Morilla Streets in Lightning Ridge, across from the Imperial Hotel. It was taken over by the Artie Dawson family in 1960.
This was the main intersection at the beginning of the road south to Walgett and a hive of activity, when the Imperial (later known as the Diggers Rest) was the main watering hole in the Ridge.
Between the store and the hotel, right in the middle of the road, stood the Tree of Knowledge until 1961. It was so-named in the early days since decisions were made near it as this was neutral ground, outside police and pub domains. Many a note was pinned to it and parcels deposited under it as well. The scraggly Tree was pulled down and many still bemoan the fact that another was not planted on the same spot for future generations.
In 1975, the post office was sold and relocated. The postboxes were removed, the store was for sale in 1978 and the house was pulled down in 1981. The store and post office section became a coffee shop, Maude's Cafe. It was an eatery under various titles until 2003 when the building burned to the ground. It is still referred to as Maude's Corner by old-timers.
Then photo 1965 courtesy of Lightning Ridge Historical Society.
In the building of intelligence where the most educated increase and share their knowledge eyes are blocked with electrical light. While they focus on books, papers and their wisdom the universe plays with complex science to color the world in the north. Do we know everything?
Category: Librarians as Teachers and Trainers
Submitted By: Katie Crandall
Entry By: Florida State Law Research Center
Description: Florida State Law bagvertisements include helpful information for students to take away as they prepare for summer work away from school (as well as providing a few sweet treats to sustain them during the April 2014 exam week).
A bull moose sticks his head above the lush brush as he strolls and eats in the first light of a summer morning near Brainard Lake - Ward, CO
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma.[1] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate. In such cases, skeptics normally recommend not disbelief but suspension of belief, i.e. maintaining a neutral attitude that neither affirms nor denies the claim. This attitude is often motivated by the impression that the available evidence is insufficient to support the claim. Formally, skepticism is a topic of interest in philosophy, particularly epistemology.
More informally, skepticism as an expression of questioning or doubt can be applied to any topic, such as politics, religion, or pseudoscience. It is often applied within restricted domains, such as morality (moral skepticism), atheism (skepticism about the existence of God), or the supernatural.[2] Some theorists distinguish "good" or moderate skepticism, which seeks strong evidence before accepting a position, from "bad" or radical skepticism, which wants to suspend judgment indefinitely.[3][4]
Philosophical skepticism is one important form of skepticism. It rejects knowledge claims that seem certain from the perspective of common sense. Radical forms of philosophical skepticism deny that "knowledge or rational belief is possible" and urge us to suspend judgment on many or all controversial matters. More moderate forms claim only that nothing can be known with certainty, or that we can know little or nothing about nonempirical matters, such as whether God exists, whether human beings have free will, or whether there is an afterlife. In ancient philosophy, skepticism was understood as a way of life associated with inner peace.[5]
Skepticism has been responsible for many important developments in science and philosophy. It has also inspired several contemporary social movements. Religious skepticism advocates for doubt concerning basic religious principles, such as immortality, providence, and revelation.[6] Scientific skepticism advocates for testing beliefs for reliability, by subjecting them to systematic investigation using the scientific method, to discover empirical evidence for them.
Definition and semantic field
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism (from the Greek σκέπτομαι skeptomai, to search, to think about or look for), refers to a doubting attitude toward knowledge claims.[2][7] So if a person is skeptical of their government's claims about an ongoing war then the person has doubts that these claims are true. Or being skeptical that one's favorite hockey team will win the championship means that one is uncertain about the strength of their performance.[2] Skepticism about a claim implies that one does not believe the claim to be true. But it does not automatically follow that one should believe that the claim is false either. Instead, skeptics usually recommend a neutral attitude: beliefs about this matter should be suspended. In this regard, skepticism about a claim can be defined as the thesis that "the only justified attitude with respect to [this claim] is suspension of judgment".[8] It is often motivated by the impression that one cannot be certain about it. This is especially relevant when there is significant expert disagreement.[9] Skepticism is usually restricted to a claim or a field of inquiry. So religious and moral skeptics have a doubtful attitude about religious and moral doctrines. But some forms of philosophical skepticism, are wider in that they reject any form of knowledge.[9]
Some definitions, often inspired by ancient philosophy, see skepticism not just as an attitude but as a way of life. This is based on the idea that maintaining the skeptical attitude of doubt toward most concerns in life is superior to living in dogmatic certainty, for example because such a skeptic has more happiness and peace of mind or because it is morally better.[2][10] In contemporary philosophy, on the other hand, skepticism is often understood neither as an attitude nor as a way of life but as a thesis: the thesis that knowledge does not exist.[2]
Skepticism is related to various terms. It is sometimes equated with agnosticism and relativism.[4][11][12] However, there are slight differences in meaning. Agnosticism is often understood more narrowly as skepticism about religious questions, in particular, about the Christian doctrine.[11] Relativism does not deny the existence of knowledge or truth but holds that they are relative to a person and differ from person to person, for example, because they follow different cognitive norms.[13] The opposite of skepticism is dogmatism, which implies an attitude of certainty in the form of an unquestioning belief.[14] A similar contrast is often drawn in relation to blind faith and credulity.[3]
Types
Various types of skepticism have been discussed in the academic literature. Skepticism is usually restricted to knowledge claims on one particular subject, which is why its different forms can be distinguished based on the subject.[2][7][9] For example, religious skeptics distrust religious doctrines and moral skeptics raise doubts about accepting various moral requirements and customs. Skepticism can also be applied to knowledge in general. However, this attitude is usually only found in some forms of philosophical skepticism.[2][7] A closely related classification distinguishes based on the source of knowledge, such as skepticism about perception, memory, or intuition.[15] A further distinction is based on the degree of the skeptical attitude. The strongest forms assert that there is no knowledge at all or that knowledge is impossible. Weaker forms merely state that one can never be absolutely certain.[2]
Some theorists distinguish between a good or healthy form of moderate skepticism in contrast to a bad or unhealthy form of radical skepticism. On this view, the "good" skeptic is a critically-minded person who seeks strong evidence before accepting a position. The "bad" skeptic, on the other hand, wants to "suspend judgment indefinitely... even in the face of demonstrable truth".[3][4] Another categorization focuses on the motivation for the skeptical attitude. Some skeptics have ideological motives: they want to replace inferior beliefs with better ones. Others have a more practical outlook in that they see problematic beliefs as the cause of harmful customs they wish to stop. Some skeptics have very particular goals in mind, such as bringing down a certain institution associated with the spread of claims they reject.[2][7]
Philosophical skepticism is a prominent form of skepticism and can be contrasted with non-philosophical or ordinary skepticism. Ordinary skepticism involves a doubting attitude toward knowledge claims that are rejected by many.[8] Almost everyone shows some form of ordinary skepticism, for example, by doubting the knowledge claims made by flat earthers or astrologers.[2][7] Philosophical skepticism, on the other hand, is a much more radical and rare position. It includes the rejection of knowledge claims that seem certain from the perspective of common sense. Some forms of it even deny that one knows that "I have two hands" or that "the sun will come out tomorrow".[8][16] It is taken seriously in philosophy nonetheless because it has proven very hard to conclusively refute philosophical skepticism.[2][8]
In various fields
Skepticism has been responsible for important developments in various fields, such as science, medicine, and philosophy. In science, the skeptical attitude toward traditional opinions was a key factor in the development of the scientific method. It emphasizes the need to scrutinize knowledge claims by testing them through experimentation and precise measurement.[14][17] In the field of medicine, skepticism has helped establish more advanced forms of treatment by putting into doubt traditional forms that were based on intuitive appeal rather than empirical evidence.[3][14] In the history of philosophy, skepticism has often played a productive role not just for skeptics but also for non-skeptical philosophers.[2][7][18] This is due to its critical attitude that challenges the epistemological foundations of philosophical theories. This can help to keep speculation in check and may provoke creative responses, transforming the theory in question in order to overcome the problems posed by skepticism.[2][7] According to Richard H. Popkin, "the history of philosophy can be seen, in part, as a struggle with skepticism". This struggle has led many contemporary philosophers to abandon the quest for absolutely certain or indubitable first principles of philosophy, which was still prevalent in many earlier periods.[7] Skepticism has been an important topic throughout the history of philosophy and is still widely discussed today.[2]
Philosophy
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Main article: Philosophical skepticism
As a philosophical school or movement, skepticism arose both in ancient Greece and India. In India the Ajñana school of philosophy espoused skepticism. It was a major early rival of Buddhism and Jainism, and possibly a major influence on Buddhism. Two of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, Sariputta and Moggallāna, were initially students of the Ajñana philosopher Sanjaya Belatthiputta. A strong element of skepticism is found in Early Buddhism, most particularly in the Aṭṭhakavagga sutra. However the total effect these philosophies had on each other is difficult to discern. Since skepticism is a philosophical attitude and a style of philosophizing rather than a position, the Ajñanins may have influenced other skeptical thinkers of India such as Nagarjuna, Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa, and Shriharsha.[19][full citation needed]
In Greece, philosophers as early as Xenophanes (c. 570–c. 475 BCE) expressed skeptical views, as did Democritus[20] and a number of Sophists. Gorgias, for example, reputedly argued that nothing exists, that even if there were something we could not know it, and that even if we could know it we could not communicate it.[21] The Heraclitean philosopher Cratylus refused to discuss anything and would merely wriggle his finger, claiming that communication is impossible since meanings are constantly changing.[22]: 449 Socrates also had skeptical tendencies, claiming to know nothing worthwhile.[23]
Pyrrho of Elis was the founder of the school of skepticism known as Pyrrhonism.
There were two major schools of skepticism in the ancient Greek and Roman world. The first was Pyrrhonism, founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–270 BCE). The second was Academic Skepticism, so-called because its two leading defenders, Arcesilaus (c. 315–240 BCE) who initiated the philosophy, and Carneades (c. 217–128 BCE), the philosophy's most famous proponent, were heads of Plato's Academy. Pyrrhonism's aims are psychological. It urges suspension of judgment (epoche) to achieve mental tranquility (ataraxia). The Academic Skeptics denied that knowledge is possible (acatalepsy). The Academic Skeptics claimed that some beliefs are more reasonable or probable than others, whereas Pyrrhonian skeptics argue that equally compelling arguments can be given for or against any disputed view.[22]: 450 Nearly all the writings of the ancient skeptics are now lost. Most of what we know about ancient skepticism is from Sextus Empiricus, a Pyrrhonian skeptic who lived in the second or third century CE. His works contain a lucid summary of stock skeptical arguments.
Ancient skepticism faded out during the late Roman Empire, particularly after Augustine (354–430 CE) attacked the skeptics in his work Against the Academics (386 CE). There was little knowledge of, or interest in, ancient skepticism in Christian Europe during the Middle Ages. Interest revived during the Renaissance and Reformation, particularly after the complete writings of Sextus Empiricus were translated into Latin in 1569 and after Martin Luther's skepticism of holy orders.[24] A number of Catholic writers, including Francisco Sanches (c. 1550–1623), Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592), Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655), and Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) deployed ancient skeptical arguments to defend moderate forms of skepticism and to argue that faith, rather than reason, must be the primary guide to truth. Similar arguments were offered later (perhaps ironically) by the Protestant thinker Pierre Bayle in his influential Historical and Critical Dictionary (1697–1702).[25]: chaps. 1 & 2
The growing popularity of skeptical views created an intellectual crisis in seventeenth-century Europe. An influential response was offered by the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes (1596–1650). In his classic work, Meditations of First Philosophy (1641), Descartes sought to refute skepticism, but only after he had formulated the case for skepticism as powerfully as possible. Descartes argued that no matter what radical skeptical possibilities we imagine there are certain truths (e.g., that thinking is occurring, or that I exist) that are absolutely certain. Thus, the ancient skeptics were wrong to claim that knowledge is impossible. Descartes also attempted to refute skeptical doubts about the reliability of our senses, our memory, and other cognitive faculties. To do this, Descartes tried to prove that God exists and that God would not allow us to be systematically deceived about the nature of reality. Many contemporary philosophers question whether this second stage of Descartes's critique of skepticism is successful.[25]: 210
In the eighteenth century a new case for skepticism was offered by the Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776). Hume was an empiricist, claiming that all genuine ideas can be traced back to original impressions of sensation or introspective consciousness. Hume argued that on empiricist grounds there are no sound reasons for belief in God, an enduring self or soul, an external world, causal necessity, objective morality, or inductive reasoning. In fact, he argued that "Philosophy would render us entirely Pyrrhonian, were not Nature too strong for it."[22]: 456 As Hume saw it, the real basis of human belief is not reason, but custom or habit. We are hard-wired by nature to trust, say, our memories or inductive reasoning, and no skeptical arguments, however powerful, can dislodge those beliefs. In this way, Hume embraced what he called a "mitigated" skepticism, while rejecting an "excessive" Pyrrhonian skepticism that he saw as both impractical and psychologically impossible.
Hume's skepticism provoked a number of important responses. Hume's Scottish contemporary, Thomas Reid (1710–1796), challenged Hume's strict empiricism and argued that it is rational to accept "common-sense" beliefs such as the basic reliability of our senses, our reason, our memories, and inductive reasoning, even though none of these things can be proved. In Reid's view, such common-sense beliefs are foundational and require no proof in order to be rationally justified.[22]: 456 Not long after Hume's death, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that human empirical experience has possibility conditions which could not have been realized unless Hume's skeptical conclusions about causal synthetic a priori judgements were false.
Today, skepticism continues to be a topic of lively debate among philosophers.[2] British philosopher Julian Baggini posits that reason is perceived as "an enemy of mystery and ambiguity," but, if used properly, can be an effective tool for solving many larger societal issues.[26]
Religion
Main article: Religious skepticism
Religious skepticism generally refers to doubting particular religious beliefs or claims. For example, a religious skeptic might believe that Jesus existed (see historicity of Jesus) while questioning claims that he was the messiah or performed miracles. Historically, religious skepticism can be traced back to Xenophanes, who doubted many religious claims of his time, although he recognized that "God is one, supreme among gods and men, and not like mortals in body or in mind." He maintained that there was one greatest God. God is one eternal being, spherical in form, comprehending all things within himself, is the absolute mind and thought, therefore is intelligent, and moves all things, but bears no resemblance to human nature either in body or mind."[27]
Religious skepticism is not the same as atheism or agnosticism, though these often do involve skeptical attitudes toward religion and philosophical theology (for example, towards divine omnipotence). Religious people are generally skeptical about claims of other religions, at least when the two denominations conflict concerning some belief. Additionally, they may also be skeptical of the claims made by atheists.
The historian Will Durant writes that Plato was "as skeptical of atheism as of any other dogma". The Baháʼí Faith encourages skepticism that is mainly centered around self-investigation of truth.[28]
In al-Ma'arri's later years he chose to stop consuming meat and all other animal products (i.e., he became a practicing vegan). He wrote:[26]
Do not unjustly eat fish the water has given up, and do not
desire as food the flesh of slaughtered animals,
Or the white milk of mothers who intended its pure draught for
their young, not for noble ladies.
And do not grieve the unsuspecting birds by taking their eggs;
for injustice is the worst of crimes.
And spare the honey which the bees get industriously
from the flowers of fragrant plants;
For they did not store it that it might belong to others, nor did
they gather it for bounty and gifts.
I washed my hands of all this; and wish that I had perceived
my way before my hair went gray![27]Although he was an advocate of social justice and action, Al-Ma'arrî believed that children should not be conceived, in order to spare future generations the pains of life. Moreover, very original compared to his background, he was an ascetic and vegetarian5 and defended vegetarianism and animals with sincerity, based on his interpretations of the Quran11 and his own reasoning. In November 2007, his work was banned from display at the International Book Fair of Algiers (SILA) by order of the Algerian Ministry of Religious Affairs and Waqfs.
In 2013, the statue that had been erected to him in Maaret el-Noomane, his birthplace, was thrown off its pedestal and decapitated by an armed jihadist group
A scientific or empirical skeptic is one who questions beliefs on the basis of scientific understanding and empirical evidence.
Scientific skepticism may discard beliefs pertaining to purported phenomena not subject to reliable observation and thus not systematic or empirically testable. Most scientists, being scientific skeptics, test the reliability of certain kinds of claims by subjecting them to systematic investigation via the scientific method.[29] As a result, a number of ostensibly scientific claims are considered to be "pseudoscience" if they are found to improperly apply or to ignore the fundamental aspects of the scientific method.
Auditing
Professional skepticism is an important concept in auditing. It requires an auditor to have a "questioning mind", to make a critical assessment of evidence, and to consider the sufficiency of the evidence.[30]
Side event during the High Level Politica Forum, co-organised by IFLA and the United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library as part of the Dag Hammarskjöld Library Insights Series, 16 July 2019.
TiGi made a visit, did product demos and helped teach our students how to use the products correctly and gave tips to sell product!!! :) We love TiGi!
Light Painting photography.
Model: marikef.deviantart.com/
Long exposure, pocket flash light and image edit software
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