View allAll Photos Tagged Inaction

Our Daily Challenge: Stars

 

Decorating for Christmas is a big deal around here. It took me a week to decorate, and I figure it will take a full three days (or more) to pack it all up. So far I have invested two days. Today’s challenge is stars. I immediately thought of this ornament, and luckily it is one that was not yet packed away. After the tragedies of 9/11, my Christmas tree started to take on a truly American look. I added red, white and blue balls and many ornaments of our country’s colors. I pack them away with apprehension this year as I am truly afraid for my country. No matter where one stands politically, the divisiveness and inaction that has developed within our government is abhorrent. I can inly hope that all parties will be respectful of one another, will work together to find solutions and not continue on the destructive path that has been a reality for over twenty years.

 

Thank you so much for your views, comments and favs. I really do appreciate every one!

My images are posted here for your enjoyment only. All rights are reserved. Please contact me through flickr if you are interested in using one of my images for any reason.

Captured with the Fujinon 18-55mm zoom lens.

The seagulls were just gliding in the wind - for no apparent reason. I was just walking around. Watching them, killing time. For no apparent reason either.

It was lights, camera, inaction.

 

Terry Gilliam

 

Testing the Insta360 One X for vlogging.

i am confused

my mom was right

(isn't she always?)

 

can i tell you something -

the last couple of months have felt very strange. at times very happy (like the transient 'i watched a good movie' kind, not the 'i just climbed a mountain and i'm inspired to change forever' kind). and at others quite the opposite sentiments transpire. did i not write only a month or two ago about how baffled i am by how in tune i am with my wants, yet how frustrated i remain with my inaction to reach those ends.. i am in awe at how this weird, weird phase has subsisted for so long. i am doing a lot of things that i frankly feel awful about - operating on a strange sleep schedule is one in particular. i want to stop ahh!!! i miss working full-time and i feel so hollow without something to keep me busy all day!

  

The Australian Government doesn't believe in climate change. These mangroves died over the last summer, just of a few of the several hundred lost in Royal National Park. Whether the mass dieback was caused by the record heat or a change of currents after one the summer's massive storms, the reality is that a green wonderland of my youth is dying before our eyes. Believe that ecosystem collapse is real, and believe that inaction is no option. If you'd like to see the richness that was this wetland go to www.flickr.com/photos/garydunnett/albums/72157633102297178

As the heat of the mid July day dissipates into evening, a female Anna Hummingbird ventures out from her shaded perch to feed on some Butterfly Bush Flowers!

 

Location: St.Albert

Model: Julia P

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All of my photographs are under copyright ©. None of these photographs may be reproduced and/or used in any way without my permission.

 

© VanveenJF Photography

 

the master of street photography in action

 

enjoy:

www.MattStuart.com

www.in-public.com/MattStuart

  

Matt is super cool. He even carried my Koudelka's Exiles book in his backpack for the whole day. I bought it with him in a bookshop and my backpack was too small to fit it in, so he offered his help, nice

 

Model: Jess D

Location: Edmonton

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Hit the L key for a better view. Thanks for the favs and comments. Much appreciated!

-------------

All of my photographs are under copyright ©. None of these photographs may be reproduced and/or used in any way without my permission.

 

© VanveenJF Photography

Hit the L key for a better view. Thanks for the favs and comments. Much appreciated!

 

Model: Julia

Location: St.Albert

 

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All of my photographs are under copyright ©. None of these photographs may be reproduced and/or used in any way without my permission.

 

© VanveenJF Photography

 

Surrender to everything that is. It's not to be confused with giving up. For surrendering requires at the same time the greatest courage but is expressed in the smallest shifts. Sometimes barely noticeable through our sensory perspectives considering the great change these small shifts bring about. It's a matter of scale. We sometimes feel stuck in this box where bugs are small and trees are big, forgetting how everything is relative and not everything resides inside the box. We don’t learn (or we forget) how thoughts are energy, just as much as our actions in the material world. The same goes the other way around, when we attribute too much to physical action and even feel trapped by our own inaction at times, all the while being unaware that the world is still spinning and nothing is ever standing still. Trust the process. Let the waves wash.

Pictured here is my dear friend Gosia in the sea on Koh Phangan.

(n.) *Dormancy:

1. quiet and inactive restfulness

2. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) inaction.

 

Dinghy Dormancy. Camden, Maine, USA.

 

PixQuote:

"Photography is like a lemon, sour to some, but lemonade to others"

-Anonymous

 

I went out last night and got the help from a Flickr friend on how to take action shots. It was a busy night at the skate park and you learn fast how to watch everything around you. This kid went everywhere the cameras did. He was dying to get shots taken of him.

 

The night ended when another kid cracked his head, by falling at the bottom of one of the bowls...needing paramedics. Still a great time out shooting.

 

Check out this shot taken from PTFC. Same place, different day.

www.flickr.com/photos/21008020@N08/2191604824/

Dark skies over Gulval as 43016 whiles away the hours during a day of inaction 3rd Feb 2023

A festively lit Lowram, rail-grinder, sits in the 'Y', at O' Fallons, Nebraska.

  

Day turned to night and still it sat, lights and all, waiting for us to leave before heading off in whatever direction it was needed. It would've been really nice to have gotten some sparking action, but instead, sparkling inaction is what happened.

  

I spent close on half an hour trying to get an interesting glamorous shot and this, is the second edit of the first result.

After decades of inaction, Peppercorn designed blue liveried LNER 'A2' 4-6-2 no.60532 ‘Blue Peter’ is finally on the main line as she heads north along the ECML at Ryther with the 1Z32 up 14:06 London Kings Cross to York private charter.

Chrysalis #1... I have never seen a chrysalis in 'action' (or is it 'inaction') before, and was guessing the butterfly would emerge the following day. Luckily, I happened to be hovering over our little front garden, with cameras in hand, when this butterfly emerged. The last time stamp on the image of the chrysalis was a minute before the time stamp of the first emerged butterfly, so this 'coming out' must have occurred within a couple minute span (I must have been looking at the other chrysalis that blossomed about an hour later), and missed the actual arrival. Happy to be this close with the timing though! The tough part about the location was that to get these pictures, I had to brush up to some garden cactus that contains oodles of very small needles (loupe needed to be seen), and spent some time with loupe and tweezers to extract them from my arms, but it was well worth it!!!

A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

 

Built for Bio-Cup2020

Prelimiraly round

Theme: Future

© Ben Heine | Facebook | Twitter | www.benheine.com

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This is another long exposure photo (it looks slightly better on black). This picture is the result of an improvised collaboration with my long time friend Stoff (make sure to check out his page, there are some amazing creations to view). I love how scary Caroline looks...

 

I took this pic by night at the seaside in Hastings a few days ago, while I was travelling to the UK for an exhibition in London (Battersea Affordable Art Fair). I lived in Hastings from 2002 to 2003, it was so nice to be there again!

 

Stoff makes incredible "orbs" by playing with home made light sources. Luckily, Caroline Madison was there with us... during the long exposure photo, I first "flashed" her, while Stoff was making the magic orb in the middle of the composition.

 

If you wish, you can view here below a detail of the above photo, an extra shot and some other long exposure works.

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For more information about my art: info@benheine.com

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Ethereal Tide

 

A poem by Peter S. Quinn

 

Beautiful bluish light

From the deep within

Ethereal tide bright

Gyrating in its spin

Love touch and feeling

We thought were lost

Thru endless wheeling

In its ghostly crossed

 

Soul in state of free

Where no one has been

Abyss deep symphony

Life has never seen

Occult shadowy places

Thu its endless ways

Light and shade erases

As time surges plays

 

Beautiful though gone

Never again seen

Darkish and scary on

Light of blue between

The hours wear away

None of them to keep

As the elucidation play

From the ethereal deep

sophie in a rare moment of inaction.... even cuter when you View On Black

© Ben Heine | Facebook | Twitter | www.benheine.com

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This is a long exposure shot. It's a real photo (it looks slightly better on black). This picture is the result of an improvised collaboration with my long time friend Stoff (make sure to check out his page, there are some amazing creations to view).

 

I took this photo by night at the seaside in Hastings a few days ago, while I was travelling to the UK for an exhibition in London (Battersea Affordable Art Fair). I lived in Hastings from 2002 to 2003, it was so nice to be there again!

 

Stoff makes incredible "orbs" by playing with home made light sources. Luckily, Caroline Madison was there with us... during the long exposure photo, I first "flashed" her, while Stoff was making the magic orb in the middle of the composition.

 

If you wish, you can view here below a detail of the above photo and some other long exposure shots.

 

This photo is dedicated to my friend Marcel De Munnynck, who passed away a few days ago.

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For more information about my art: info@benheine.com

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Moving Shine Fire

 

A poem by Peter S. Quinn

 

Moving shine fire

On to and into

Hearts own desire

Feelings so true

 

Everything inside

Rousing and glowing

Feelings that hide

Now in their showing

 

Star twinkle in light

Fondling burn

Dreams on so bright

Rotating ageless turn

 

Super powers beyond

Times spinning twist

From a glowing wand

Magic has kissed

 

Poignant spark

Orderly glow beams

Bending the dark

To instantaneous themes

 

Just like life is

In growing and making

When its bliss

Entangles new waking

Peter Duesberg is a "scientist" who is widely recognised as being one of the foremost idiots who thinks that HIV does not cause AIDS. He thinks that everyone gets it from taking ARVs and doing too much poppers and too many recreational drugs. Celia "Thats why they put blood on my face" Farber has spent an awful long time defending this lunatic "faith".

 

A new Harvard study has claimed that the deaths of around 330,000 South Africans occured as a direct result of Mbeki's HIV denial.

 

Peter Duesberg was on Mbeki's AIDS panel, so advised him in his murderous denial.

 

Of course I am not pointing the finger directly at Duesberg as the buck stopped with Mbeki and his health minister Dr Beetroot, and the policies they enacted.

 

However it would be wrong to completely ignore the role that Duesberg and others played in the deaths of all of these people.

 

Duesberg is currently employed by the University of California Berkeley. Maybe in light of this new evidence they should seriously consider his position within their (ANY!) teaching institution.

 

Mbeki Aids policy 'led to 330,000 deaths'

Sarah Boseley Thursday November 27 2008 00.01 GMT

 

The Aids policies of former president Thabo Mbeki's government were directly responsible for the avoidable deaths of a third of a million people in South Africa, according to research from Harvard University.

 

South Africa has one of the most severe HIV/Aids epidemics in the world. About 5.5 million people, or 18.8% of the adult population, have HIV, according to the UN. In 2005 there were 900 deaths a day.

 

But from the late 90s Mbeki turned his back on the scientific consensus that Aids was caused by a viral infection which could be combated, though not cured, by sophisticated and expensive drugs. He came under the influence of maverick scientists known as Aids-denialists, most prominent among whom was Peter Duesberg from Berkeley, California.

 

In 2000 Mbeki called a round-table of experts, including Duesberg and his supporters but also their opponents, to discuss the cause of Aids. Later that year, at the international Aids conference in Durban, he publicly rejected the accepted wisdom. Aids, he said, was indeed brought about by the collapse of the immune system - but not because of a virus. The cause, he said, was poverty, bad nourishment and general ill-health. The solution was not expensive western medicine but the alleviation of poverty in Africa.

 

In a new paper Harvard researchers have quantified the death toll resulting from Mbeki's stance, which caused him to reject offers of free drugs and grants and led to foot-dragging over a treatment programme, even after Mbeki had taken a vow of silence on the issue.

 

"We contend that the South African government acted as a major obstacle in the provision of medication to patients with Aids," write Pride Chigwedere and colleagues from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

 

They have made their calculations by comparing the scale-up of treatment programmes in neighbouring Botswana and Namibia with the limited availability of drugs in South Africa from 2000-2005.

 

Expensive antiretrovirals came down in price dramatically as a result of activists' campaigning and public pressure. In July 2000 the pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim offered to donate its drug nevirapine, which could prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child during labour. But South Africa restricted the availability of nevirapine to two pilot sites a province until December 2002.

 

Eventually, under international pressure, South Africa did launch a national programme for the prevention of mother to child transmission in August 2003 and a national adult treatment programme in 2004. But by 2005, the paper's authors estimate, there was still only 23% drug coverage and less than 30% prevention of mother to child transmission.

 

By comparison, Botswana achieved 85% treatment coverage and Namibia 71% by 2005, and both had 70% mother to child transmission programmes coverage.

 

The authors estimate that more than 330,000 people died unnecessarily in South Africa over the period and that 35,000 HIV-infected babies were born who could have been protected from the virus but would now probably have a limited life.

 

Their calculations will withstand scrutiny, they say. "The analysis is robust," said Dr Chigwedere. "We used a transparent and accessible calculation, publicly available data, and, where we made assumptions, we explained their basis. We purposely chose very conservative assumptions and performed sensitivity analyses to test whether the results would qualitatively change if a different assumption were used."

 

The authors conclude: "Access to appropriate public health practice is often determined by a small number of political leaders. In the case of South Africa, many lives were lost because of a failure to accept the use of available ARVs to prevent and treat HIV/Aids in a timely manner."

 

Since Mbeki's ousting from the leadership of the African National Congress in September South Africa has urgently pursued new policies to get treatment to as many people as possible under a new health minister, Barbara Hogan.

 

November 26, 2008

Study Cites Toll of AIDS Policy in South Africa

By CELIA W. DUGGER

www.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/world/africa/26aids.html?_r=1

JOHANNESBURG — A new study by Harvard researchers estimates that the South African government would have prevented the premature deaths of 365,000 people earlier this decade if it had provided antiretroviral drugs to AIDS patients and widely administered drugs to help prevent pregnant women from infecting their babies.

 

The Harvard study concluded that the policies grew out of President Thabo Mbeki’s denial of the well-established scientific consensus about the viral cause of AIDS and the essential role of antiretroviral drugs in treating it.

 

Coming in the wake of Mr. Mbeki’s ouster in September after a power struggle in his party, the African National Congress, the report has reignited questions about why Mr. Mbeki, a man of great acumen, was so influenced by AIDS denialists.

 

And it has again caused soul-searching about why his colleagues in the party did not act earlier to challenge his resistance to broadly accepted methods of treating and preventing AIDS.

 

Reckoning with a legacy of such policies, Mr. Mbeki’s’s successor, Kgalema Motlanthe, acted on the first day of his presidency two months ago to remove the health minister, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, a polarizing figure who had proposed garlic, lemon juice and beetroot as AIDS remedies.

 

He replaced her with Barbara Hogan, who has brought South Africa — the most powerful country in a region at the epicenter of the world’s AIDS pandemic — back into the mainstream.

 

“I feel ashamed that we have to own up to what Harvard is saying,” Ms. Hogan, an A.N.C. stalwart who was imprisoned for a decade during the anti-apartheid struggle, said in a recent interview. “The era of denialism is over completely in South Africa.”

 

For years, the South African government did not provide antiretroviral medicines, even as Botswana and Namibia, neighboring countries with epidemics of similar scale, took action, the Harvard study reported.

 

The Harvard researchers quantified the human cost of that inaction by comparing the number of people who got antiretrovirals in South Africa from 2000 to 2005 with the number the government could have reached had it put in place a workable treatment and prevention program.

 

They estimated that by 2005, South Africa could have been helping half those in need but had reached only 23 percent. By comparison, Botswana was already providing treatment to 85 percent of those in need, and Namibia to 71 percent.

 

The 330,000 South Africans who died for lack of treatment and the 35,000 babies who perished because they were infected with H.I.V. together lost at least 3.8 million years of life, the study concluded.

 

Epidemiologists and biostatisticians who reviewed the study for The New York Times said the researchers had based their estimates on conservative assumptions and used a sound methodology.

 

“They have truly used conservative estimates for their calculations, and I would consider their numbers quite reasonable,” James Chin, a professor of epidemiology at the University of California at Berkeley’s School of Public Health, said in an e-mail message.

 

The report was posted online last month and will be published on Monday in the peer-reviewed Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes.

 

Max Essex, the virologist who has led the Harvard School of Public Health’s AIDS research program for the past 20 years and who oversaw the study, called South Africa’s response to AIDS under Mr. Mbeki “a case of bad, or even evil, public health.”

 

Mr. Mbeki has maintained a silence on his AIDS legacy since his forced resignation. His spokesman, Mukoni Ratshitanga, said Mr. Mbeki would not discuss his thinking on H.I.V. and AIDS, explaining that policy decisions were made collectively by the cabinet and so questions should be addressed to the government.

 

The new government is now trying to hasten the expansion of antiretroviral treatments. The task is urgent. South Africa today is home to 5.7 million people who are H.I.V.-positive — more than any other nation, almost one in five adults. More than 900 people a day die here as a result of AIDS, the United Nations estimates.

 

Since the party forced Mr. Mbeki from office and some of his loyalists split off to start a new party, rivalries have flared and stories about what happened inside the A.N.C. have begun to tumble out, offering unsettling glimpses of how South Africa’s AIDS policies went so wrong.

 

From the first year of his presidency in 1999, Mr. Mbeki became consumed with the thinking of a small group of dissident scientists who argued that H.I.V. was not the cause of AIDS, his biographers say.

 

As president he wielded enormous power, and those who disagreed with him said they feared they would be sidelined if they spoke out. Even Nelson Mandela, the revered former president, was not immune from opprobrium.

 

In a column in The Sunday Times of Johannesburg on Oct. 19, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, a senior party member now running the party’s 2009 election campaign, recounted how Mr. Mandela, known affectionately as Madiba, was humiliated during a 2002 A.N.C. meeting after he made a rare appearance to question the party’s stance on AIDS.

 

Mr. Ramatlhodi described speakers competing to show greater loyalty to Mr. Mbeki by verbally attacking Mr. Mandela as Mr. Mbeki looked on silently. “After his vicious mauling, Madiba looked twice his age, old and ashen,” Mr. Ramatlhodi wrote.

 

Mr. Ramatlhodi himself acknowledged in a recent interview that in 2001 he sent a 22-page letter, drafted by Mr. Mbeki’s office, to another of Mr. Mbeki’s most credible critics, Prof. Malegapuru Makgoba, an immunologist who was one of South Africa’s leading scientists. The letter accused Professor Makgoba of defending Western science and its racist ideas about Africans at the expense of Mr. Mbeki.

 

In 2000 Mr. Mbeki had provided Professor Makgoba with two bound volumes containing 1,500 pages of documents written by AIDS denialists. After reading them, Professor Makgoba said in an interview that he wrote back to warn Mr. Mbeki that if he adopted the denialists’ ideas, South Africa would “become the laughingstock, if not the pariah, of the world again.”

 

But Mr. Mbeki indicated last year to one of his biographers, Mark Gevisser, that his views on AIDS were essentially unchanged, pointing the writer to a document that, he said, was drafted by A.N.C. leaders and accurately reflected his position.

 

The document’s authors conceded that H.I.V. might be one cause of AIDS but contended that there were many others, like other diseases and malnutrition.

 

The document maintained that antiretrovirals were toxic. And it suggested that powerful vested interests — drug companies, governments, scientists — pushed the consensus view of AIDS in a quest for money and power, while peddling centuries-old white racist beliefs that depicted Africans as sexually rapacious.

 

“Yes, we are sex crazy!” the document’s authors bitterly exclaimed. “Yes, we are diseased! Yes, we spread the deadly H.I. virus through our uncontrolled heterosexual sex!”

 

In 2002, after a prolonged outcry over Mr. Mbeki’s comments about AIDS and the government’s policies, Mr. Mbeki agreed to requests from within his party to withdraw from the public debate. That same year, the Constitutional Court ruled that the government had to provide antiretroviral drugs to prevent the infection of newborns. And in 2003, the cabinet announced plans to go forward with an antiretroviral treatment program.

 

“We did an enormous amount of good in the early days in South Africa, not because of the Health Ministry, but in spite of the Health Ministry,” said Randall L. Tobias, who was appointed by President Bush in 2003 to lead the United States’ $15 billion global AIDS undertaking.

 

In the same years, former President Clinton and his foundation were also deeply involved in helping South Africa get a treatment program going. Mr. Clinton attended Mr. Mandela’s 85th birthday celebration in Johannesburg in 2003. During the dinner, he and Mr. Mbeki slipped away to talk about AIDS, Mr. Clinton recalled in a recent interview.

 

Mr. Clinton said he told Mr. Mbeki how antiretroviral treatment had reduced the AIDS mortality rate in the United States and reminded him, “I’m your friend and I haven’t joined in the public condemnation.” That evening, when Mr. Clinton offered to send in a team of experts to help the country put together a national treatment plan, Mr. Mbeki took him up on it.

 

The Clinton Foundation helped devise a plan and mobilized 20 people to travel to South Africa in 2004 to help carry it out. But the South African government never invited them, Mr. Clinton said. So the foundation, which had projects all over Africa, was to have none in South Africa.

 

Changes since Mr. Mbeki’s fall from power have prompted many to hope for forceful South African political leadership on AIDS. Mr. Mbeki’s rival and successor as head of the party, Jacob Zuma, who is expected to become president after next year’s election, himself made a famously questionable remark about AIDS.

 

In his 2006 rape trial, in which he was acquitted of sexually assaulting a family friend, he testified that he sought to reduce his chances of being infected with H.I.V. by taking a shower after sex. Nonetheless, he seems to have more conventional views on the pandemic.

 

“Who would have thought Jacob Zuma would be better than Mbeki, but he is,” said Richard C. Holbrooke, the former ambassador to the United Nations in the Clinton administration who heads a coalition of businesses fighting AIDS. “The tragedy of Thabo Mbeki is that he’s a smart man who could have been an international statesman on this issue. To this day, you wonder what got into him.”

 

For South Africans who watched the dying and were powerless to stop it, the grief is still raw. Zackie Achmat, the country’s most prominent advocate for people with AIDS, became sick during the almost five years he refused to take antiretrovirals until they were made widely available. He cast Mr. Mbeki as the leading man in this African tragedy.

 

“He is like Macbeth,” Mr. Achmat said. “It’s easier to walk through the blood than to turn back and admit you made a mistake.”

 

Mbeki's opposition to ARVs cost 330,000 lives, shows study

Michael Carter, Thursday, November 27, 2008

www.aidsmap.com/en/news/97BFC49D-E43C-4028-8E4D-CACF15F82...

 

The refusal of the Mbeki government to roll-out antiretroviral therapy and treatment to prevent mother-to child transmission in South Africa resulted in 330,000 needlessly premature HIV-related deaths and 35,000 avoidable case of mother-to-child HIV transmission according to estimates published in the December 1st edition of the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes.

 

South Africa is one of the countries hardest hit by HIV. UNAIDS estimates that 19% of the adult population is HIV-positive, some 5.5 million individuals. In 2005, an estimated 320,000 individuals died because of HIV.

 

President Thabo Mbeki’s government consistently resisted the provision of antiretroviral therapy. The first important evidence of this was in 1999 when, under pressure to provide AZT monotherapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, President Mbeki announced that the drug was dangerous and that it would therefore not be provided by his government. This was followed by Mbeki publicly questioning that HIV caused AIDS and the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. The Mbeki administration then resisted the use of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission and obstructed the acquisition of grants from the Global Fund.

 

US investigators estimated the lost benefits resulting from the Mbeki government’s opposition to provision of antiretroviral therapy and treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission. To do this, they compared the actual number of people who received HIV treatment or therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission between 2000 and 2005 and compared this to the number that could feasibly have been treated during this period. This difference was multiplied by the average efficacy of antiretroviral treatment and treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission to give the lost benefits consequent upon the South African government’s decision to prevent access to anti-HIV drugs.

 

“Our overriding values in choosing methods were transparency and minimization of assumptions and we were purposely conservative”, write the investigators.

 

When estimating the number of people who could reasonably have been provided with antiretroviral therapy or treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission, the investigators noted that HIV treatment became significantly more accessible between 2000-2005. This was because:

 

* The price of anti-HIV drugs fell significantly in this period.

  

* More money was available for donor organisations, such as the Global Fund and PEPFAR, to purchase antiretroviral drugs.

   

Nevertheless, the South African government still maintained opposition to the provision of HIV drugs.

 

To estimate the number of people who should have been eligible to receive antiretroviral therapy, the investigators obtained from UNAIDS the number of HIV-related deaths in South Africa between 2000-2005. Patients who died of HIV without receiving anti-HIV drugs lost the entire potential benefits of antiretroviral therapy.

 

Next, the investigators obtained figures showing how many individuals received antiretroviral therapy in the same period. Their sources were UNAIDS and the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) “3 x 5” antiretroviral treatment access programme. These figures showed that fewer than 3% of patients received antiretroviral treatment in 2000, increasing to approximately 10% in 2003 and 23% in 2005.

 

The researchers considered it reasonable that South Africa could have treated no more than 5% of eligible patients with HIV in 2000. However, because drugs became less expensive and more international funding became available, “ramping up” access to treatment was feasible, meaning that by 2005, 50% of HIV-positive patients in South Africa should have been receiving antiretroviral therapy. They note that the maximum of 50% treatment coverage is significantly lower than the 71% achieved by Namibia and the 85% achieved by Botswana.

 

Finally they estimated the number of life years that would be gained per patient due to antiretroviral therapy. They used the most conservative estimate of 6.7 years.

 

Their calculations showed that 330,000 lives and 2.2 million person years were lost because the Mbeki government resisted the implementation of a reasonable antiretroviral treatment programme.

 

They tested their model using a number of other assumptions. For example, if they reduced the number of patients who could reasonably be expected to receive antiretroviral therapy in 2005 to 40%, then the number of lives lost fell to 226,800 or 1.5 million person years.

 

Consequences of opposition to treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission

 

The researchers' model to test the impact of the Mbeki administration’s opposition to treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission also included a number of conservative assumptions.

 

First, they calculated the number of children infected with HIV vertically. They looked at a number of sources and selected the lowest estimate of 68,000 per year and revised this down to 60,000 to take into account the high adult HIV population and marginal increase in population growth in South Africa during this period.

 

A number of sources suggested that in 2005, coverage of treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission was 30%, having increased from below 3% before 2000.

 

To estimate the proportion of women who could have received treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission, they considered that treatment would have been free during this period, that it is easy to administer and that 84% of pregnant women in South Africa receive antenatal care.

 

Based on these assumptions, the investigators calculated that no more than 5% of women would have received treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission in 2000, but that this could have increased to 55% by 2005.

 

Next the investigators estimated the efficacy of such therapy, taking as their benchmark the HIVNET 012 study which showed that single-dose nevirapine reduced the risk of transmission by 47% compared to short-course AZT amongst women who breastfeed.

 

Finally, they assumed an average life-expectancy at birth of 48 years, and subtracted from this the average three year life-expectancy of infants infected with HIV at birth.

 

The investigators therefore estimated that 35,000 cases of mother-to-child transmission (or 1.6 million life years) were the result of the Mbeki administration’s policies.

 

One again, the investigators tested their results using other assumptions. If they accepted 40% coverage of treatment as acceptable, then the excess number of babies infected because of government policies was 18,000, a loss of 800,00 life years. However, had there been 70% coverage (still below what was achieved in Namibia and Botswana), then HIV infections in 44,000 babies (or 2 million life years), would have been avoided.

 

When the investigators combined their two estimates – years of life lost because of opposition to antiretroviral treatment, and life years lost because of the failure to provide treatment to prevent vertical transmission – they found that some 3.8 million life years were lost because of the Mbeki administration’s policies.

 

They conclude, “in the case of South Africa, many lives were lost because of failure to accept the use of available antiretrovirals to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in a timely manner.”

 

Reference

 

Chigwedere, P. et al. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 49: 410-15, 2008.

   

This is what we could see at lunchtime on New Year's Eve, my 63rd birthday. The fire catastrophe in SE New South Wales in and Gippsland in Victoria has produced this smoke. The nearest house in this images 230 meters away for understanding the smoke density.

 

The pano is badly stitched as I don't have access to good pano software at the moment.

 

Our house is (at the moment) OK, but Saturday 4 January 2020 will present a new challenge. We are prepared, and have a fire pump and 40,000 litres of water in our pool in case we have a problem. This is the new reality for Australia following a decade of inaction on climate and fire safety. We need a new generation of politicians who actually give a sh*t...

 

The residents of my area have been fighting with the paid employees of the Bega Valley Shire Council about removing fire threat vegetation directly outside our properties, but our views have been ignored for 3 1/2 years. Maybe this will wake them up from their idealist preservation slumber and act, although it's probably too late for us.

En japonais, le ma signifie l’intervalle, l’espace, la durée, la distance. Non pas celle qui sépare, mais celle qui unit. En musique, c'est la pause (suspension) qui crée le rythme, inaction entre deux mouvements, silence entre deux phrasés musicaux.

 

In japanese, the ma means the interval, space, time, distance. Not that which separates, but that which unites.

In music, this is a pause (suspension) that creates the rhythm, movement between two inaction, silence between two musical phrases.

 

Rideau

FENDT 724 Vario 'Profi Plus' Design Line with the KRONE mowers

 

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the reign of new Emperor who succeeded to Alexander I started from armed insurrection of group of aristocrats which later was called "decabrists" (Decembrist revolt). Their loyal troops, after a long period of inaction and negotiation, were destroyed in Senate Square, where the statue of the victor is looking

Day 72 (v 13.0) - no difficult feat

Side wall of a timeworn corner building in Fultonville, N.Y. We can only guess why the third upper window was bricked over, but whoever did the work did a nice job of it. I wonder also if the door was enlarged from a window, given its symmetry with the other windows.

A long overdue update to my ARC -170!

 

There’s a photo on my phone of a WIP of the nose dated December 2022, so this has been in the works for quite some time 😅

 

My first attempt at this ship was about five years ago, when I was just getting back into MOC building after a long dark age. My MOC building skills have improved considerably since then so I wanted to go bigger and better and put my skills to the test with this new interpretation. One of my goals with this project was to include a mechanism to operate the S-foils: turning the astromech head will open and close the wings!

You can see a video of the mechanism inaction on my insta

 

Instructions are available on Brick Vault

Recently I took a short two weeks vacation to India to visit family and friends. Most of the pictures I took were of people in India. I'll be posting some of these images as I go along.

 

This was taken very early in the morning in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. A family from the state of Bihar. They were on their way to some place; I stopped them and asked for a family photo and they gladly said yes.

 

'Stopped On Their Way ...' On Black

 

Location: St.Albert

Model: Julia P

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All of my photographs are under copyright ©. None of these photographs may be reproduced and/or used in any way without my permission.

 

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