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Designer Show After-party #CovetFashion t.co/8FJElRiqxJ (via Twitter twitter.com/doll_book/status/733814570184282112)
Chanted by a Bulgarian Byzantine Choir, Dimitar Dimitrov
Composer St. John Koukouzelis 14th Century
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.
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photo:
Church of the Holy Saviour, Nesebar, Bulgaria
Sveti Spas, Свети Спас (Несебър), България
finished in 1609
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Saviour,_Nesebar
www.ancient-nessebar.com/html/main_en.php?menu=sights_svspas
Nessebar - UNESCO World Heritage site
The grove snail or brown-lipped snail (Cepaea nemoralis) is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk. It is one of the most common species of land snail in Europe. It is a relatively small snail, growing to a height of about 20 mm and a width of 25 mm. The semi-glossy shell has from 4½ to 5½ whorls.
C. nemoralis is closely related to the white-lipped snail, Cepaea hortensis, and shares much the same habitat. The grove snail is usually the larger of the two species when mature, but the principal difference is that the grove snail has a dark brown lip to its shell, whilst Cepaea hortensis has a white lip. However, this distinguishing feature is not entirely reliable, as there is at least one morph of the grove snail which also has a white lip.
When the identity of an adult individual is questionable, and it is necessary to distinguish the two species, a dissection can be used in order to examine the anatomy: the structure of the love dart is quite different in the two species, as are the the vaginal mucus glands.
(Wikipedia)
Part of the Little Dudes series, documenting the little dudes who live in my home.
See Also: Setup photos for Berry Hard Work: Setup 1 | Setup 2 | Setup 3 | Setup 4 | Setup 5 | Setup 6 | Setup 7 | Setup 8 | Setup 9 | Setup 10 | Setup 11
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Purchase this image and learn more about it at the source.
Source: photos.jdhancock.com/photo/2013-04-22-010957-berry-hard-w...
Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)
Sunset Kim with bat detector at night at Pukalani, Maui, Hawaii.
October 19, 2015
#151019-0342 - Image Use Policy
Also known as Panicum maximum and Urochloa maxima.
Created for DU Challenge, April 2024.
Source image, with thanks, from KathC.
Gold color on piano done with PS Style.
Fractal & gold musical notes, from Pixabay.
Music spheres & wings, from PDomain.
Eyes & frame, from PNGWing (Circa: early 2024, before malware)
There's NO AI in this image!
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© All rights reserved. This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying & recording without my written permission. Thanks.
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The New Marina Garden by the Bay Indoor Botanical Garden night Scenery.Gardens by the bay
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My Pro Account is awaiting for the most gracious human being here on flickr to Extend/ Pro-long for good course .Luckily, since early 2009(just join flickr) till 2010, I received the benifit of Pro Gift account from 2 influencial photographers that channel my exciting exploration in my photography journey . I wish to say a Thank You!
***This needs to be viewed large and on black for best effect***
As those of you who follow my stream will know I've been a little bit ill of late, but today I forced myself to go for a wander out in the woods and inspired by Tonys Brenizer method shot I thought I would have a go myself.
This was 124 individual shots, trimmed down to about 80 with cropping, stitched together. The end result was a 100Mb 28578 x 18590 image. My PC is an overclocked Intel i7 with 8Gb of RAM and it was just about ready to melt after stitching this!
ODC - Just three colours(there might be four, but three is close enough!).
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The "For Sale" Miniseries
"Garie Pebbles" is the fourteenth photo in a miniseries that I recently started. Over the next few weeks, I'll be covering all of my photographs available as prints on my website. I'll be uploading one every weekday (except Friday), as usual, but you'll find a lot more information on the photographs themselves - I might sneak in a few tutorials, quick tips, etc. It'll be great for new and old photographers alike - If you have any friends who might be interested, be sure to let them know! I'll be updating everything on my blog as well as my other social networks, so if you would prefer to follow it there, just click on one of the links above. :)
About "Garie Pebbles"
"Garie Pebbles" was taken from Garie Beach, in the Royal National Park. There are two theories of the origins of "Garie Beach". Garie is an Aboriginal word meaning 'sleepy'. The name could also be a deviation of the name of a bushranger called Geaty, who camped here.
Taking "Garie Pebbles"
Nikon D90 | Sigma 10-20mm
0.4 sec | f/13 | ISO100 | 11.5mm
"Garie Pebbles" was taken on a cold, gloomy, rainy day. In fact, walking back to the car from this shot involved getting drenched. It's proof (if any proof was needed) that sometimes to get the right shot, you're just going to have to get wet! Compositionally I love this shot -I feel the rocks are aligned perfectly, leading the eye through the image. The approached storm in the background adds that little bit of drama. I would have loved to have captured more to the left of the image, getting more of the coastline in. Unfortunately, I am no good at panorama stitching (help?!) and had to stick with just a standard wide-angled shot here.
Processing "Garie Pebbles"
I considered converting this shot to monochrome, but I felt the mood/atmosphere was lost. So I took the vibrancy down in Adobe Camera Raw, which gave the effect I was looking for. I also added a little more contrast, and some fill light to bring at the detail in foreground. Locally, I boosted contrast and clarity, and lowered the exposure of the sky, and added a small amount of exposure and clarity to the foreground. My lens was a bit dirty, so I cloned out some small imperfections in the sky. In Photoshop, I played around with the colouring, getting a balance between 'hot' and 'cold'. :)
Ectypa plantarum ratisbonensium :
Regensburg :Verfertiget und verlegt von Johann Mayr ... und gedruckt mit Zeitlerischen Schriften,1787-1793.
[Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with rifleman's hat]
[between 1861 and 1865]
1 photograph : sixth-plate ambrotype, hand-colored ; 9.3 x 8.1 cm (case)
Notes:
Title devised by Library staff.
Case: leather quatrefoil design.
Additional information in collections file.
Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2010; (DLC/PP-2010:105).
Purchased from: Shiloh Civil War Relics, Shiloh, Tennessee, 2007.
Subjects:
United States.--Army--People--1860-1870.
Soldiers--Union--1860-1870.
Military uniforms--Union--1860-1870.
United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Military personnel--Union.
Format: Portrait photographs--1860-1870.
Ambrotypes--Hand-colored--1860-1870.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Part Of: Ambrotype/Tintype filing series (Library of Congress) (DLC) 2010650518
Liljenquist Family collection (Library of Congress) (DLC) 2010650519
More information about this collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.lilj
Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.26918
Call Number: AMB/TIN no. 2065
Nikon D810 Fine Art Landscape Photos John Muir & Ansel Adams Country-- Eastern and Western Yosemite! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Nature Photography!
Nikon D810 Fine Art Photos John Muir Country-- Kings Canyon & Sequoia! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography during a Breaking Thunderstorm with Majestic and Interesting Skies!
I always love getting away and photographing John Muir Country--Yosemite, Kings Canyon & Sequoia in California I also shot it all with the Sony A7r as well as the Nikon D810 and the wonderful Nikon 14-24mm f/2.8G ED AF-S Nikkor Wide Angle Zoom Lens as well as the new Tamron AFA012N700 15-30 mm f/2.8-Di VC Wide-Angle Lens for Nikon F (FX) Cameras and the Nikon 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR AF-S Nikkor Zoom Lens !
I hope that you enjoy browsing through my photos and comparing and contrasting the Nikon D810, Sony A7r, Sony A7rII, and the various lenses!
Long story short, you can't go wrong!
The Sony A7r and the Nikon D810 have the same sensor! While the D810 saves the RAW in 14bit lossless compressed (or uncompressed0, the A7r performs a bit of lossy compression, which I have never noticed, but which some say they have!
At any rate, I am super excited for the Nikon's next camera as well as for the recently released Sony A7rII Mirrorless Digital Camera which I now own! Some highlights include a 42 MP Full-Frame Exmor R BSI CMOS Sensor, a
BIONZ X Image Processor,
Internal UHD 4K Video & S-Log2 Gamma, and a
5-Axis SteadyShot INSIDE Stabilization system! You can see some of my fine art photos from the amazing camera in my photostream, with many more to come!
And I have a feeling that Nikon will be releasing something epic soon--a 50mp+ camera with awesome dynamic range!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7RII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
www.facebook.com/45surfAchillesOdysseyMythology
Compare these D810 shots with the photos taken with the Sony A7r and new Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
After looking through my work,what do you think about Nikon vs. Sony? Do you prefer the Nikon D810 and Nikkor / Tamron / Sigma lenses /glass, or the Sony A7r and Sony Sonnar Carl Zeiss e-mount glass/lenses? I love them both! And I am so excited about the Sony A7rII !
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
45surf fine art!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
Join me on instagram! @45surf instagram.com/45surf
El Capitan & Half Dome!
Nikon D810 Fine Art Landscape Photos: Ansel Adams & John Muir Country-- Eastern and Western Yosemite! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Nature Photography!
45surf photography! :)
45SURF Hero's Odyssey Fine Art Landscape Photography! :)
I get asked a lot of questions (I love questions--ask away!), and one of the more common ones is "What kind of camera shoul I buy?" Begin with anything, and then, when it falls short of the beauty you are trying to capture, invest in a new one! The important thing is to think of it as buying not something for yourself, but a gift for the world, who will witness all the magnificent photos you shoot with it! Then, the next most important thing to do is to shoot, shoot, shoot, shoot! For each and every epic shot on an awesome camera helps justify its cost! I shoot with the awesome Nikon D810, Sony A7R, and now the Sony A7RII! And in the long run, the cost of the camera is a very small entity, when conpared to the cost of life and time. So buy a great camera, and then give the gift of epic photography to the world! View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
newcastlephotos.blogspot.com/2006/06/all-saints-cemetery....
All Saints Cemetery
This Cemetery stands on Jesmond Road, opposite Jesmond Old Cemetery and was the first cemetery in Newcastle to be instigated by the Burial Board. Consecrated in 1855 and opened in 1856 this was very much a rural part of Newcastle. The residential housing surrounding the cemetery on 3 sides were built later.
Noted Newcastle architect Benjamin Green designed the cemetery, its buildings and the fine Gothic archway over the entrance from Jesmond Road. The cemetery is surrounded by cast iron railings with fleur-de-lys heads.
The cemetery was extended to Osborne Avenue, from just under 10 acres by another 1.3 hectares in 1881.
In 1924 Carliol Square Gaol was demolished and the bodies of its executed criminals were transferred into unmarked graves in the cemetery.
In total around 90,000 burials have taken place here.
Thomas Harrison Hair (1810-1875) the artist best known for his Views of the Collieries of Northumberland and Durham, is buried here in an unmarked grave.
Two Small Chapels:
2 chapels. 1856 by Green. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar turrets and dressings; Welsh slate roofs. T-plan with additional porch on side away from centre of cemetery, and corner turret on innermost side at south end. Aligned north-south. Decorated style. Double doors, with elaborate hinges,on inner fronts have nook shafts and head-stopped dripmoulds; similar surround to plainer door in outward-facing porch; windows of 3 lights facing gateway, 2 lights on other fronts, have similar dripmoulds. Lancets to corner turrets with gabled belfry under octagonal spirelets. Buttresses. Steeply-pitched roofs with cross finials. LISTED GRADE 2.
1 of the Chapels is now the Russian Orthodox Church Of St. George.
Gate, walls, piers, gates and railings.
Cemetery gateway, walls, piers, gates and railings. Dated 1856; by Green. Coursed squared sandstone with ashlar dressings; wrought iron gates; cast iron railings. Gothic style. High gable over 2-centred arch with 12 shafts each side and many mouldings; gabled ends have fantastic beasts climbing down kneelers; head-stopped dripmoulds, buttresses and finials.
High, pointed coping to flanking walls containing pedestrian doors in arches; end piers have gables with fleur-de-lis moulding. Chamfered coping to dwarf quadrant walls and similar walls along cemetery front, with 4 square piers at each side having pyramidal coping. High gates are Gothic-patterned; railings have fleur-de-lis heads.
Burials:
Samuel Smith.
Celtic Cross monument. Samuel Smith OBE JP (1872-1949) was the founder of Rington's Tea. He was born in Leeds and became an errand boy for a tea merchants on leaving school at 11. In 1908 he moved to Newcastle and set up a small shop in Heaton with William Titterington. They called the company Ringtons. The tea was imported from India and Sri Lanka then tasted, blended and packaged. It was delivered by the company's black, gold and green horse-drawn coaches. In 1926 the business moved to purpose-built premises in Algernon Road. Eventually there were 26 branches of Ringtons in the North. The firm moved into coachbuilding during the World Wars, which led to the creation of Smith's Electric Vehicles at Team Valley Trading Estate.
Alexander Gardner.
Cross monument. Alexander Gardner (1877-1921) was a footballer for Newcastle United. Before the First World War, Newcastle United were in the First Division, won three league titles and won one FA Cup final of three. Alexander was the captain and played at right half (midfielder). He made 268 appearances and scored 20 goals. He was born in Leith in 1899. The 1904/5 team won 23 out of 34 league games. In 1909 Alexander broke his leg, which ended his football career. He became landlord of the Dun Cow Inn in Claremont Road.
Michael Joseph Quigley.
Gravestone of Michael Joseph Quigley (1837-1924), American Civil War veteran. Michael was born in Bradford and emigrated to America with his wife shortly before the outbreak of civil war. He served under General Robert E. Lee in Virginia but was wounded in his left arm. He was later employed in Government Service. He returned to Britain in 1876. He lived in St. Lawrence Square off Walker Road. His income was subsidised by a pension from the American Government.
James Skinner.
Obelisk monument to James Skinner (1836-1920), shipbuilder. James was born in London. He moved to Newcastle aged 14 to begin an apprenticeship at Coutts shipyard at Low Walker. He went on to manage Andrew Leslie's shipyard at Hebburn then opened a yard at Bill Quay with William Wood, shipyard cashier. The firm Wood Skinner & Co. built 330 vessels over 42 years up to 1925. They also built the 30-bed Tyne Floating Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Jarrow Slake, designed by Newcastle Civil Engineer, George Laws. The hospital ship was launched on 2 August 1885. It sank in 1888. She was refloated and remained moored there for over 40 years.
Francis Batey.
Urn monument to Francis Batey (1841-1915), steam tug boat owner. Francis joined his father's tug boat business at the age of 11 and eventually gained his master's certificate. When the Albert Edward Dock opened in 1884, he was assistant pilot on the Rio Amazonas, the first ship to enter the dock. He went on to be chairman of several tug related companies on the River Tyne. One of his sons, John Thomas Batey, became Managing Director of Hawthorn Leslie's Hebburn shipyard.
Antonio Marcantonio.
Impressive monument of a statue of a monk or friar holding an infant. Antonio Marcantonio (1886-1960), ice cream manufacturer, arrived in Newcastle in 1895 to join a small colony of Italians living in Byker. In the early 1900s he returned to Italy to marry Angela. He returned to Newcastle and began making ice cream in a room in his house using small pans of salt and ice to freeze it. Eventually he took over a small factory on Stepney Bank. 500 gallons of ice cream were made daily. He also owned five ice cream parlours, the first one was in the Grainger Arcade. The Mark Toney business still flourishes (factory at Benton Square).
George Henry Carr.
A 13 feet high monument to George Henry Carr (1867-1889), racing cyclist. There is a shield on each side depicting a bicycle, flowers, the badge of the Jubilee Rovers Bicycle Club and the badge of Clarence Bicycle Club. Carr was a prominent figure on the racing circuit. He died aged 22 of inflammation of the brain.
John James Lightfoot,
Monument of an angel to John James Lightfoot (1877-1897), apprentice joiner. John James was crushed to death aged 19 during restoration of the 200 year old Green Tree beerhouse in Robson's Entry, Sandgate.The building collapsed killing 4 people and injuring 12. The disaster was sketched by the Chronicle's artist and published on 6 March 1897 the day after the accident. The article describes the scene - 'in the house to the east there was a yawning space where the wall had tumbled in; behind the hole a staircase stood, but seemed, like the sword of Damocles, to have no more than a hair-strength to support it'.
Josephine Esther Salisse.
Family vault of M. and H.M. Salisse. A stone sarcophagus with a bronze female figure mourning over it. Josephine Esther Salisse (1905-1924) was from Thornton Heath in Surrey. She died suddenly at her aunt's home in Stratford Road, Heaton, aged 19.
John and Benjamin Green were a father and son who worked in partnership as architects in North East England during the early nineteenth century. John, the father was a civil engineer as well as an architect. Although they did carry out some commissions separately, they were given joint credit for many of their projects, and it is difficult to attribute much of their work to a single individual. In general, John Green worked on civil engineering projects, such as road and rail bridges, whereas Benjamin worked on projects that were more purely architectural. Their work was predominantly church and railway architecture, with a sprinkling of public buildings that includes their masterpiece, Newcastle's Theatre Royal.
Drawings by John and Benjamin Green are held by the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Biographies
John Green was born on 29 June 1787 at Newton Fell House, Nafferton, two miles north of Ovington, Northumberland. He was the son of Benjamin Green, a carpenter and maker of agricultural implements. After finishing school, he worked in his father's business. The firm moved to the market town of Corbridge and began general building work with young John concentrating on architectural work. About 1820, John set up business as an architect and civil engineer in nearby Newcastle upon Tyne.
John Green married Jane Stobart in 1805, and they had two sons, John (c.1807–68) and Benjamin (c1811-58), both of whom became architects. Little is known about the career of John, but Benjamin worked in partnership with his father on many projects.
In 1822 John Green designed a new building for the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. The building, which houses the society's substantial library, is still in use today. He also designed a number of farmhouses, being employed on the Beaufront estate near Hexham and also on the Duke of Northumberland’s estates.
John Green was principally a civil engineer, and built several road and rail bridges. In 1829–31 he built two wrought-iron suspension bridges crossing the Tyne (at Scotswood) and the Tees (at Whorlton). The bridge at Scotswood was demolished in 1967 but the one at Whorlton still survives. When the High Level Bridge at Newcastle was proposed ten years later, John Green submitted plans, but those of Robert Stephenson were accepted by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Green also built a number of bridges using an innovative system of laminated timber arches on masonry piers, the Weibeking system, based on the work of Bavarian engineer C.F. Weibeking. The two he built for the Newcastle and North Shields Railway, at the Ouseburn and at Willington Quay remain in use, though the timbers were replaced with wrought iron in a similar lattice pattern in 1869. In 1840 he was elected to the Institution of Civil Engineers, and in 1841 he was awarded the institution's Telford Medal for his work on laminated arch design.
John Green died in Newcastle on 30 September 1852.
Benjamin Green
Benjamin Green was a pupil of Augustus Charles Pugin, father of the more famous Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin. In the mid-1830s he became a partner of his father and remained so until the latter's death in 1852. The two partners differed somewhat. John has been described as a 'plain, practical, shrewd man of business' with a 'plain, severe and economical' style, whereas Benjamin was 'an artistic, dashing sort of fellow', with a style that was 'ornamental, florid and costly'.
The Greens worked as railway architects and it is believed that all the main line stations between Newcastle and Berwick upon Tweed were designed by Benjamin. In 2020 Morpeth Station was restored to Green's original designs following a £2.3M investment. They also designed a number of Northumbrian churches, the best examples being at Earsdon and Cambo.
The Green's most important commissions in Newcastle were the Theatre Royal (1836–37) and the column for Grey's Monument (1837–38). Both of these structures were part of the re-development of Newcastle city centre in neo-classical style by Richard Grainger, and both exist today. Although both of the partners were credited with their design, it is believed that Benjamin was the person responsible.
Another well-known structure designed by the Greens is Penshaw Monument (1844). This is a folly standing on Penshaw Hill in County Durham. It was built as a half-sized replica of the renowned Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, and was dedicated to John George Lambton, first Earl of Durham and the first Governor of the Province of Canada. The monument, being built on a hill is visible for miles around and is a famous local landmark. It is now owned by the National Trust.
Benjamin Green survived his father by only six years, and died in a mental home at Dinsdale Park, County Durham on 14 November 1858.
Major works
Presbyterian Chapel, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1822 (demolished 2011)
Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1822–1825
St Peter's Church, Falstone, 1824–1825
Westgate Hill Cemetery, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1825–1829 (lodge demolished 1970, railings and gates removed, piers and basic layout remains)
Ingram Farm, Ingram, 1826
Whorlton Suspension Bridge, Wycliffe, County Durham, 1829–1831
Hawks Cottages, Gateshead, 1830 (demolished 1960)
Scotswood Chain Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1831, (demolished 1967)
Church of St Mary and St Thomas Aquinas, Stella, 1831–1832[1]
Bellingham Bridge, Bellingham, 1834
Holy Trinity Church, Stockton-On-Tees, 1834–1835[2]
Holy Trinity Church, Dalton (near Stamfordham), 1836
Vicarage of St Alban, Earsdon, 1836
Church of St Alban, Earsdon, 1836–1837
St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Alnwick, 1836
Church of the Holy Saviour, Newburn, 1836–1837
Poor Law Guardians Hall, North Shields, 1837
Master Mariners Homes, Tynemouth, 1837–1840[3]
Theatre Royal, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1837
Parish Hall of the Church of the Holy Saviour, Newburn, 1838
Column of Grey's Monument, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1838
Willington Viaduct, Wallsend, 1837–1839
Ouseburn Viaduct, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1837–1839
Church of the Holy Saviour, Tynemouth, 1839–1841
Ilderton Vicarage, Ilderton, 1841
The Red Cottage, Whitburn, 1842
Holy Trinity Church, Cambo, 1842
Holy Trinity Church, Horsley-on-Rede, 1844
The Earl of Durham's Monument, Sunderland, 1844
St Edwin's, Coniscliffe, Co. Durham, 1844 (restoration of mediaeval church)
40–44 Moseley Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1845
Witham Testimonial Hall, Barnard Castle, 1846
Old Railway Station, Tynemouth Rd, Tynemouth 1846–1847
Acklington Station, Acklington, 1847
Chathill Station, Chathill, 1847
Belford Station, Belford, Northumberland, 1847
Morpeth Station, Morpeth, Northumberland, 1847
Warkworth Station, Warkworth, Northumberland, 1847
Holy Trinity Church, Seghill, 1849
Newcastle Joint Stock Bank, St Nicholas Square, Newcastle, c.1850
Norham station, Norham, 1851
St Paul's Church, Elswick, 1854
All Saints Cemetery, Jesmond, 1854
Sailor's Home, 11 New Quay, North Shields, 1856
United Free Methodist Church, North Shields, 1857
Corn Exchange, Groat Market, Newcastle (demolished 1974)
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Check out my greatest hits compilation, and let me know what you think:
www.elliotmcguckenphotography.com/Other/45SURF-Heros-Jour...
As the Great Mick Jagger satted, "Pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty, girl
Pretty, pretty
Such a pretty, pretty, pretty girl." -Beast of Burden Sexy, hot, and cute too!
Epic Goddess Straight Out of Hero's Journey Mythology! Pretty Model! :) Tall, thin, fit and beautiful!
Welcome to your epic hero's journey! The beautiful 45surf goddess sisters hath called ye to adventure, beckoning ye to read deeply Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, whence ye shall learn of yer own exalted artistic path guided by Hero's Journey Mythology. I wouldn't be saying it if it hadn't happened to me.
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Pretty Swimsuit Bikini Model Goddess! :)
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Nikon D300 Photos of Beautfiul Sexy Hot Brunette!
She was a beauty--a gold 45 goddess for sure! A Gold 45 Goddess exalts the archetypal form of Athena--the Greek Goddess of wisdom, warfare, strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. A Gold 45 Goddess guards the beauty of dx4/dt=ic and embodies 45SURF's motto "Virtus, Honoris, et Actio Pro Veritas, Amor, et Bellus, (Strength, Honor, and Action for Truth, Love, and Beauty," and she stands ready to inspire and guide you along your epic, heroic journey into art and mythology. It is Athena who descends to call Telemachus to Adventure in the first book of Homer's Odyssey--to man up, find news of his true father Odysseus, and rid his home of the false suitors, and too, it is Athena who descends in the first book of Homer's Iliad, to calm the Rage of Achilles who is about to draw his sword so as to slay his commander who just seized Achilles' prize, thusly robbing Achilles of his Honor--the higher prize Achilles fought for. And now Athena descends once again, assuming the form of a Gold 45 Goddess, to inspire you along your epic journey of heroic endeavour.
ALL THE BEST on your Epic Hero's Journey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
No 20 Sunlight Park Rd Toronto Canada
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L'Illustration horticole :
Gand, Belgium :Imprimerie et lithographie de F. et E. Gyselnyck,1854-1896.
Deutschlands flora in abbildungen nach der natur
Nurnberg :Gedruckt auf kosten des verfassers,1798-[1862]
this tree has been going blossom crazy and i have not taken a photo of it in over a week.
proof that i have not been feeling like myself.
but today i may go out and shoot again. much more subtley. i think. probably. mostly.
1. Pillow Talk Swap Received, 2. FWA - Soulsister of Lyrics on Hexies (PTS7), 3. Star Crossed Lovers Pillow, 4. Hourglass Patchwork Pillow, 5. Entry #3, 6. Pillow Talk Swap, Round 8, 7. Pillow for Urban Home Goods Swap, 8. Pillow Talk pillow, 9. PTS4, 10. Leaves and squares pillow, 11. My entry for the MQP swap, 12. PTS Done !, 13. Somerset Star Pillow, 14. Pillow Swap Pillow 16x16 -Front, 15. my malka pillow, 16. And it's D.O.N.E.!
Created with fd's Flickr Toys
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, one of several aircraft of this vintage owned and operated by the U.S. Air force Air National Guard (ANG).
At the Fleetweek airshow at San Francisco, they had an amusing synchronized flight with the gigantic Hercules and a tiny Lucas Oil biplane. The two of them stayed in lock step and flew around the San Francisco bay a couple of times.
I can't image how thrilling it must feel to be flying in that little red plane, right next to the behemoth Hercules, also in flight!
A9008386
Plumeria rubra (Plumeria, frangipani)
Flower with Laysan albatross chick at Commodore Ave around residences Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii.
June 01, 2008
© Tanvir Hossain © All rights reserved. Contact +8801612104212
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Fotambulantes na 4ª Mostra SP Samsung de Fotografia
Bairro: Vila Madalena
25 de janeiro de 2013
+ infomação.
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Copyright © 2013, Abner Merchan - Todos os direitos reservados.
Tin sign and patch on Boone Store and Warehouse, Bodie, Ca. I wonder if that sign is actually a "patch", not just advertising. Many of the buildings can be seen with plentiful recycled tin "patches".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Hotel_(Niagara-on-the-Lake)
Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario.
Fotos para Musicópolis
Su música
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Folsom Dam Spillway, with it's 5 of it's main gates open.
Photo taken from the new Folsom lake crossing bypass road.
Before the 9/11 incident, Folsom Dam road was open to the public. The road went directly across the dam, but was permanently closed for security reasons following 9/11. This closure posed a pretty big inconvenience for residents who lived on the east side of the dam. An extra several miles needed to be driven through the congested down town area. The new Folsom Crossing bypass road resolved that problem, plus provides a nice platform for photographing the spillway.
Note: Historic Folsom Prison, along with the newer Sacramento State Prison, are directly on the other side of the road, from where I shot this photo. Both prisons are occupied working facilities.
And just for fun:
Preemptive memorial honors future victims of imminent Dam Disaster
ME! (blogged)
This morning I was interviewed by two members of the school newspaper staff because I was chosen as the teacher with the most style.
Wow!
I would like to thank all the little people and my mom and dad and Stacy and Clinton from What Not To Wear! and JcPenny's and SockDreams and Famous Footwear and .....
Anyway, I thought it was pretty cool. Not too many weeks ago another student told me I was the best dressed teacher. Yay me and my fashion sense!!! I will do an sp with the newspaper when it comes out!
I thought it would be fun to do a 13 things about my style! (I am not attesting to be a fashion expert... just sharing a little about me!)
1. I have always had a thing for fashion... remember the days of Barbie fashion plates? I loved those things.
2. I use to create my own paper dolls by cutting out pictures of models from the Sears and JcPenny's Catalog.
3. As a teenager I would design and sew the majority of my clothes.
4. One year at girls camp I received the award for the most fashionable camper award.
5. In high school I wanted to be a Fashion Designer.
6. My first major in college was Fashion Merchandising.
7. I had dreams of owning a clothing store and calling it The Closet (I think that name was already taken by then).
8. My favorite clothing item in high school was short skirts (that I made of course).
9. In Senior English I wrote a How-To paper on how to make a skirt. My friend Tyler was a very mean critic. He just didn't understand why anyone would want to make a skirt.
10. When I was 17 years old, I ran in the local scholarship pageant. My talent was a fashion show of clothing I had designed and sewed. (I didn't win, but was very proud of my accomplishments... seems like the ones that win have talents that are more along the lines of musical talents.).
11. My sisters use to tease me about how good I looked when I went to bed. I would tell them that you need to look for bed, you never know who you are going to dream about.
12. My favorite accessory would have to be shoes.
13. Fashion advice.... It doesn't matter what it feels like, what matters is what it looks like. We have to pay a price for looking good :)
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images.savoysystems.co.uk/GCL/375316.jpg
“A flower sprouting from the cracks in a wall is life creeping up everywhere.”
Giuseppe Tobia
“Un fiore che spunta dalle crepe di un muro è la vita che si arrampica ovunque.”
Giuseppe Tobia
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clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;
oppure…. premi il tasto “L” per ingrandire l'immagine;
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www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...
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The late Pope Francis left us a memorable phrase, referring to the tragic events of our current history, he said "build bridges, not walls", and almost paraphrasing Pope Francis, here in Sicily we tear down walls, let me explain... there is a traditional religious festival, during which the wall of a house, always the same wall, is torn down, to then be built again in anticipation of the celebration that will be held in the new year. But it is not so much the wall itself, even more characteristic is the way in which this wall is broken down: it is struck over and over again with the arms of the float, those used by the bearers to hold the float, on which sits the statue of Saint James, an incredible tradition whose origins are not unanimous. Many, many years ago, I was perhaps 20 years old, walking with a few friends one evening along Corso Umberto in Taormina, I learned from one of them about this incredible tradition. I remember it as if it were yesterday. He said, “In Sicily, there is a celebration in which, during the procession, the float with the Saint, loaded with provola (cheeses), is used like a battering ram to break down the wall of a house, which is then rebuilt (the battering ram, a medieval assault weapon, used to break down gates and castle walls).” This year, I was able to witness (and photograph) this very particular and unique tradition, which is celebrated every year on July 26th in the town of Capizzi (Messina), a celebration that commemorates the transfer of the relics of Saint James from his sanctuary. As mentioned, the most characteristic moment of the celebration is the "rite of miracles": the float with Saint James on it is violently hurled against the wall of a house adjacent to the church of Sant'Antonio, and each impact against this wall is interpreted as "a miracle of Saint James". The number of blows needed to overcome the wall is interpreted sometimes positively (if the blows are even), sometimes negatively (if the blows are odd). The "Miracles of St. James" do not have a certain origin, some think it could originate in ancient times from the destruction of a small pagan temple, or a synagogue, someone else instead traces this tradition as a form of revenge of the inhabitants of Capizzi (Capitini), this because the relics of the Saint were stolen from Capizzi to be kept in the city of Messina, by the Spanish nobleman Sancho de Heredia, in obedience in 1435 towards Alfonso V of Aragon, nicknamed "the Magnanimous" (he was king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia, Majorca, Sicily, titular king of Jerusalem, Corsica and Hungary, he was count of Barcelona and of the Catalan counties, and from 1442 he would also become king of Naples), therefore the demolition of the wall would be a form of revenge towards what was perhaps the house of the nobleman Sancho de Heredia, finally someone else traces this tradition to a legendary event, which recalls the defeat of a handful of Saracens, who They had barricaded themselves in that place. Currently in Capizzi, in the Sanctuary of San Giacomo Maggiore, the oldest relic of Saint James the Apostle in Sicily is housed: a finger of the saint. Another characteristic aspect of the festival is the presence of numerous provola cheeses placed on the roof of the float. These are offered by the population to Saint James. The presence of these typical cheeses is indicative of the type of economy in Capizzi, primarily linked to agriculture and livestock farming, with significant dairy and pork production, particularly that of the Nebrodi black pig, with typical cheeses such as provola capitina and maiorchino. Some residents told me that sometimes the donations of provola cheeses, even large ones, become so abundant that the float ends up becoming exceptionally heavy, severely testing the bearers' ability to support all that weight.
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Il compianto papa Francesco ci ha lasciato una memorabile frase, in riferimento alle tragiche vicende della nostra attuale storia, ha detto “costruite ponti, non muri”, e quasi parafrasando Papa Francesco, qui da noi in Sicilia i muri li abbattiamo, mi spiego meglio ….c’è una festa tradizionale religiosa, durante la quale il muro di una casa, sempre lo stesso muro, viene abbattuto, per poi venire costruito in attesa della festa che si terrà il nuovo anno, ma non è tanto il muro in se, ancor più caratteristico è il modo in cui questo muro viene sfondato: esso viene colpito più, e più volte con i bracci del fercolo, quelli che servono ai portatori per reggere la vara, sul quale siede la statua di San Giacomo, una incredibile tradizione sulle cui origini non c’è unanimità di pensiero. Io tanti, tanti anni fa, forse avevo 20 anni, passeggiando con pochi amici di sera sul Corso Umberto di Taormina, venni a sapere da uno di questi, di questa tradizione che ha dell’incredibile, lo ricordo come fosse ieri, disse “in Sicilia c’è una festa nella quale durante la processione, la vara con il Santo, carica di provole (formaggi) viene utilizzata come fosse un’ariete per sfondare il muro di una casa, che poi verrà ricostruito (l’ariete, arma medioevale d’assalto, utilizzata per sfondare portoni e muri dei castelli),”. Quest’anno, ho potuto assistere (e fotografare) questa tradizione così particolare ed unica, che si celebra ogni anno il 26 luglio nel paese di Capizzi (Messina), festa che commemora il trasferimento delle reliquie di San Giacomo dal suo Santuario, e, come anticipato, il momento più caratteristico della festa è il “rito dei miracoli”, la vara con sopra San Giacomo viene violentemente scagliata contro il muro di una una casa adiacente la chiesa di Sant'Antonio, ed ogni urto contro questo muro viene inteso come “un miracolo di San Giacomo”, il numero dei colpi necessari per avere la meglio sul muro viene interpretato ora in maniera positiva (se i colpi sono pari), ora in maniera negativa (se i colpi sono dispari). I “Miracoli di San Giacomo” non hanno una origine certa, qualcuno pensa possa originare anticamente dalla distruzione di un piccolo tempio pagano, od una sinagoga, qualcun altro invece fa risalire questa tradizione come una forma di rivalsa degli abitanti di Capizzi (Capitini), questo perché le reliquie del Santo furono sottratte a Capizzi per essere custodite nella città di Messina, da parte del nobile spagnolo Sancho de Heredia, in obbedienza nel 1435 verso Alfonso V d'Aragona, soprannominato "il Magnanimo" (era re di Aragona, Valencia, Sardegna, Maiorca, Sicilia, re titolare di Gerusalemme, Corsica e Ungheria, era conte di Barcellona e delle contee catalane, e dal 1442 sarebbe diventato anche re di Napoli), quindi l’abbattimento del muro sarebbe una forma di vendetta verso quella forse era la casa del nobile Sancho de Heredia, infine qualcun altro fa risalire questa tradizione ad un evento leggendario, che ricorda la sconfitta di un manipolo di saraceni, che si erano asserragliati in quel luogo. Attualmente a Capizzi, nel Santuario di San Giacomo Maggiore, si trova la più antica reliquia di San Giacomo Apostolo Maggiore che abbiamo in Sicilia, si tratta di un dito del Santo. Un altro aspetto caratteristico della festa, è la presenza di numerose provole messe sul tetto della vara, queste sono offerte dalla popolazione a San Giacomo, la presenza di questi tipici formaggi è indicativa del tipo di economia che c’è a Capizzi, principalmente legata all'agricoltura e alla pastorizia, con una importante produzione casearia e di carne suina, in particolare quella del maiale nero dei Nebrodi, con formaggi tipici, come la provola capitina e il maiorchino. Mi dicevano alcuni abitanti che a volte la donazione delle provole, anche di grosse dimensioni, diviene così abbondante, che la vara finisce con acquisire un peso eccezionale, mettendo a dura prova la capacità di reggere tutto quel peso da parte dei portatori.
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Scription Chronodex Weekly Planner 2012 - free download with the cost of a prayer
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364230271/in/photostream)
Finally made up my mind to create my own diary for 2012 a week ago, here I go sharing with you all! But first please give me a little support, my Dad recovered from prostate cancer but at the same time developed Parkinson's disease a few years ago. In the past week he has deteriorated a lot, bed bound finally, no more speech, I'm the last person he can recognize. It is so tough for Mom as a care taker. All I ask for is your sincere prayers, as you download this creation, for my Dad and Mom, so that he can go peacefully proud of his sons, and she can start to explore this new world with us. What a courageous woman she is.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6361903821/in/photostream)
Thanks to my Dad's dedication to Chinese painting and art, I had my implicit training early in life and became a visual person yet unafraid to look deep into the subject matters. For years, I bought diaries but none of them satisfied my visual and creative needs.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6335595394/in/photostream)
Since the beginning of the diary making business, every single diary is made by representing time in fixed grids. To challenge this right representation, after exploring in deep thoughts the essence of my own perfect diary, I present to you my Chronodex idea.
Come to think of it, the paper which makes up a diary originated from trees, when the sheets of paper are bound together in the middle, it is almost like foliages stemming from a tree's trunk. Each page is like a branch, each opened page is a week, each day is like a beautiful flower grew from that page, consist of petals of your day's time slices.
You may argue that this format is still slicing time into blocks and far from the fractal nature, but soon as you start using it, you will find that time is no longer right, instead you will find fluidity through free notations.
The more important time slices can be drawn larger, activities can be dots or pies (petals if you will) depending on duration or importance, space on a page is no longer limited to grids. Basically you can roam freely and be amazed how beautiful your week can be.
What's more is that your mind gradually deviate from the rigid format a typical diary imposes on you, reactivity soon flourishes. Imagine the effect happening in weeks! And I'm not kidding.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364164607/in/photostream)
Scription Chronodex Weekly Planner 2012 (Jan - Jun) Download
(just remember to pray for my Dad and Mom, sincerely)
It is done with the Midori Traveler's Notebook size in mind, even if you don't own a Traveler's Notebook, you can still use it without the leather cover.
Hong Kong Holiday version
Japanese Holiday version
Free of Holidays version
To grow your own diary, after downloading the PDF version of your choice, print it out double sided (duplex) in landscape mode on A4 papers. Be sure to print it out 100% without scale, left/right binding (try the first few pages on your printer and settings and you'll see what I mean). Check the sequence after the print out.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364170655/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364175293/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364180447/in/photostream)
Next, cut away the left and right portion of the A4 paper according to the cut line.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364185407/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364191991/in/photostream)
Now here's the interesting part of the binding. Use a chisel to punch holes on both ends of the spine and stitch the pages up. You can staple them together just the same. This method will get you a bound notebook but ready for a cool bookmark which I will mention in a moment.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364194541/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364200541/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364206651/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364210857/in/photostream)
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364216463/in/photostream)
To create a bookmark, simple take a piece of hard paper, cut it the way I showed above. Slide it between the papers of the current week, the slide 90 degree up following the spine to have the tab exposed on top of the diary (I hope I'm describing it right). There you go! a bookmark with a tab extruding from the top of your diary.
This cool bookmark invention based on the way you bind your diary is so useful and flexible, you will find it amazing when you reach the 12th week of the year! Tell me about that in a few months.
(www.flickr.com/photos/moleskineart/6364223093/in/photostream)
The last part of my Chronodex journey was to make a cool diary cover. Thanks for my family's tolerance, I had a little free time in broad daylight having fun doing it, 2 cups of coffee, listening to audiobook through my iPhone/Jambox combo.
(www.flickr.com/photos/oxothuk/6352848866/)
Small features are infused into the diary, I hope you will enjoy the little tibits, do explore the "Boarding pass to success" idea. If you are interested, I will be sharing the July - December version, which is still in stage zero. Fellow Scription reader Boris from Russia already had a taste of the Chronodex, so go ahead and try yours. Your feedback and comment is what keeps me going, please do pray.
More on Scription blog: scription.typepad.com/blog/2011/11/scription-chronodex-we...
www.lockedcog.com/bikes/probaly-the-hottest-bike-ever/
I know. This is old. But i just came across it again for probably like the 50th time, and i just love it so it will live here FOREVER on lockedcog.com
