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In Chachra area of Jessore town, the high concentration of hatcheries resulted the creation of fish fingerling market. Providing employment for thousands of people, this market became one of the largest fish fingerling markets of SE Asia. From here fish seed is carried to all over Bangladesh and also to India. Water aeration is generally made by traditional hand-splashing
GSA-Genetics Society of America
Title: An ancient regulator of sex development
Author: Marisa Wexler
Photo Credit: Ho-Wen Chen
Date: March 12, 2019.
Citation: genestogenomes.org/an-ancient-regulator-of-sex-development/
A Wnt protein involved in the formation of the human ovary plays an important role in female zebrafish sex development.
Even though zebrafish are a well-studied research model, how these fish develop into males or females remains rather obscure—in part because the sex of lab strains is not determined by sex chromosomes. Research published in GENETICS reveals that one of the genes critical for proper development of mammalian ovaries seems to play a related role in zebrafish, providing insight into this major difference between fish and mammals.
In humans and other mammals, Wnt4 encodes a signaling molecule that antagonizes the male-promoting signal FGF9 and is crucial to the proper development of the ovaries. Though they lack an Fgf9 ortholog, zebrafish have two Wnt4-like genes—wnt4a and wnt4b—so Kossack et al. investigated whether these genes might play a role in zebrafish sexual development.
The authors first performed a phylogenetic analysis to better understand how the Wnt4-like genes have changed over evolutionary time. Zebrafish have two such genes, while mammals only have one, so two evolutionary scenarios are possible: either fish gained an extra copy of the gene, or mammals lost a copy that was originally present. The authors found that the latter scenario is more likely; both reptiles and birds have two such genes, making it more likely that mammals lost one of their copies. Further analysis revealed that wnt4a is likely the ortholog of mammalian Wnt4, whereas wnt4b was lost in mammals after they split from birds.
The authors next used RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns of the two genes. They detected wnt4a, but not wnt4b, in the ovaries of female zebrafish. In contrast, only wnt4b was detected in the testis of male fish. They also found that wnt4a was dynamically expressed in gonads during development in a non-sex-specific manner.
Fish mutant for wnt4a develop predominantly—though not exclusively—as males, which supports the idea that wnt4a is involved in either differentiation into a female or the maintenance of a female phenotype throughout development. Analysis of mutant embryos during development suggests that wnt4a likely promotes female development since most mutant embryos developed as males rather than “reverting” to males from an initially female phenotype.
Interestingly, wnt4a mutants were unable to produce progeny when mated to each other or to wild-type. Closer inspection revealed that wnt4a-mutant fish of both sexes had malformed reproductive tracts. Even though viable eggs and sperm could be obtained from their gonads, mutant fish were unable to release their gametes, preventing them from reproducing.
These findings suggest that Wnt4-like genes have been involved in female development of a diverse array of animals—including our fishy ancestors that swam the oceans some 450 millions year ago.
CITATION:
Female Sex Development and Reproductive Duct Formation Depend on Wnt4a in Zebrafish
Michelle E. Kossack, Samantha K. High, Rachel E. Hopton, Yi-lin Yan, John H. Postlethwait, Bruce W. Draper
GENETICS January 2019 211: 219-233; doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301620
Valerie Hipkins, a Forest Service employee from the Institute of Forest Genetics, talking about the Forest Service's involvement with El Dorado High School natural resource program and the 400 middle school students who participated in an outdoor learning opportunity called Natural Connections.
Irene Tiemann-Boege, a postdoctoral researcher the laboratory of Norman Arnheim, conducts studies in human molecular genetics. Photo by: Philip Channing.
this is the latest in a litter of hairless (and long haired) rats.
Im looking for info on the genetics behind these because the results i am getting in my breeding program tell me that it is not the same system of inheritance as with my hairless mice. If anyone could direct me to some info i would appreciate it, otherwise im just going to have to keep breeding them and try and work out a pattern in the offspring myself, if the damned things didnt keep escaping i could probably do this but the spanner in the works is that every now and then something happens that results in a few getting out, getting pregnant to mystery rats and my research goes out the window. Its not that they get out on their own, sometimes a fox gets into the shed and manages to open up a cage, sometimes a young child will go in there and i wont notice etc. im beginning to think im going to have to set up some kind of futuristic fingerpring or eye scanner security system to enter the shed if i ever want to unravel the genetic mysteries of the hairless rat. In this litter the whole lot of them were hairless (as normal for new born) and until about 7 weeks did not have any hair.. In the past week there are some that have sprouted long fluffy coats, a couple who have random tufts of long hair and a predominnately bald body, one totally hairless one and one seemingly normal short coated cute little ginger rat.
If anyone would like to own one of these email me jane@iinet.net.au but note that i am located in western australia.
similarly, if there is anyone out there who breeds these animals and are willing to share their knowledge please email me - and one more thing, as much as rats tend to make people recoil in horror, it is very surprising to find out just how clever, inquisitive and genuinely intelligent these animals are. They actually do make great low maintenence pets, if you use kitty litter on the floor of the cage there is minimal odour and they truly do look happy to see you when you go to feed them, much like a dog. They really do have a lot going for them as cute little companions and dont deserve the bad press that their naughty street cousins bring them.
Color Atlas of Genetics
by Eberhard Passarge
* Publisher: Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated
* Pub. Date: November 2006
* ISBN-13: 9781588903365
* Sales Rank: 110,795
* 496pp
* Series: Flexibook Series
* Edition Description: 3
* Edition Number: 3
Synopsis
A remarkable achievement by a single author...concise but informative...No geneticist or physician interested in genetic diseases should be without a copy of this remarkable edition." —American Journal of Medical Genetics
More than ever, a solid understanding of genetics is a fundamental element of all medical and scientific educational programs, across virtually all disciplines. And the applications—and implications—of genetic research are at the heart of current medical scientific debates. Completely updated and revised, The Color Atlas of Genetics is an invaluable guide for students of medicine and biology, clinicians, and anyone else interested in this rapidly evolving field.
The latest edition of this highly praised atlas retains several popular features, such as the accessible layout and logical structure, in addition to many novel features and 20 completely new color plates on new topics, including:
• Cell-to-cell communication, including important signaling and metabolic pathways
• Taxonomy of living organisms ("tree of life")
• Epigenetic modifications in chromatin
• Apoptosis
• RNA interference (RNAi)
• Comparative genomic hybridization
• Origins of cancer
• Principles of gene and stem cell therapy, etc.
With more than 200 absorbing full-color plates concisely explained on facing pages, the atlas offers readers an easy-to-use, yet remarkably detailed guide to key molecular, theoretical, and medical aspects of genetics and genomics. Brief descriptions of numerous genetic diseases are included, with references for more detailed information.
Readers will find that this incomparable book presents a comprehensive picture of the field from its fascinating history to its most advanced applications.
Contents Overview:
• Introduction
• Chronology: important dates in genetics
• Part I. Fundamentals: Molecular Basis of Genetics, Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses, Eukaryotic Cells, Mitochondrial Genetics, Formal Genetics, Chromosomes, Regulation and Expression of Genes
• Part II. Genomics
• Part III. Genetics and Medicine: Cell-to-Cell Interactions, Lysosomes and LDL Receptor, Genes in Embryonic Development, Immune System, Oxygen and Electron Transport, Homeostasis, Maintaining Cell and Tissue Shape, Mammalian Sex Determination and Differentiation, Atypical Inheritance Pattern, Karyotype—Phenotype Correlation, A Brief Guide to Genetic Diagnosis
• Guide to Genetic Diagnosis and Map of Important Human Genetic Diseases
• Appendix: Supplementary Data in Tables
• Glossary
Annotation
"...another in the Thieme Flexibooks series...color graphics aid in explaining the fundamentals of genetics, including the molecular, cellular, and chromosomal basis of genetics and gene expression."
Doody Review Services
Reviewer:Luis F. Escobar, MD, MS(St. Vincent Hospital and Health Care Center)
Description:This wonderful book condenses the currently available knowledge of basic science techniques and mechanisms involved in human genetics, and reviews the applicability of this knowledge to human disease. It displays the information in a visual format in chronological order according to the timing of important discoveries and advances. This the third edition of a book originally published in German in 1994. It was reviewed by Dr. Passarge and published in English in 1995. As the field expanded, it has been published in French, Japanese, Chinese, Italian, Turkish, Polish, Portuguese, English, Spanish, and Greek.
Purpose:Dr. Passarge states in the preface the goal of presenting information in a visual manner that would allow easy understanding of the material. In addition, he makes this material available to teachers in need of easy to read art work. Clearly Dr. Passarge continues to do an outstanding job in presenting the information in an easy to grasp manner. He meets his goal easily with the addition of multiple color plates, sketches, and photographs. This is a unique contribution to the field of human genetics - a pocket-sized atlas that readers can carry with them and have available for consultation.
Audience:The atlas was conceived as an introductory course on current genetics knowledge with students of biology and medicine in mind. However, this is an outstanding source for clinicians involved in the care of patients with genetic conditions. Clinicians would benefit from reviewing this information to understand genetic mechanisms and theirinfluence in human disease. Dr. Passarge is an outstanding clinician with a faculty appointment at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany. He has made unique contributions to the field of medical genetics, human genetics, and dysmorphology and is a member of the American College of Medical Genetics and the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Features:The book is divided into three main parts: basic, fundamental genetics information; genomics; and application of genetics information to human genetics and medicine. The section on genes in embryonic development is well thought out with wonderful pedagogic charts that can be reproduced and used by teachers of this material. Clearly what stand out in this book are the wonderful illustrations that are simply designed in order to make the material easy to understand. This is a tremendous tool for biology and genetics students in the process of learning the mechanisms of molecular origin that influence human genetic conditions. The illustrations have been updated and expanded to improve clarity.
Assessment:This is fantastic work. Dr. Passarge continues to present a high quality atlas in a unique pocket size. I have not come across anything similar that condenses so much information in such a clear and succinct manner. This is a significantly improved edition.
Eric Vilain, Professor of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Urology; Director, Center for Gender-Based Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA speaking during the Session: Ask About: The Genetics of Sex and Gender at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 18, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
E. coli replication fork, showing Pol III (green), sliding clamps (yellow), primase (pink), and dnaB helicase (light blue).
Based on O'Donnell, M. 2006. Replisome architecture and dynamics in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem 281: 10653-10656.
See also this somewhat nicer version: www.flickr.com/photos/agathman/5730237060/
Irene Tiemann-Boege, a postdoctoral researcher the laboratory of Norman Arnheim, conducts studies in human molecular genetics. Photo by: Philip Channing.
#AbFav_HANDS_FEET_LEGS_
GENETICS... MOTHER and SON.
I got this lovely family with 3 children and their dog in the studio.
Whilst the two youngest looked very much like their dad, her eldest son was just the spitting image of his mum.
AAAhhh, the Art of genetics.
I placed their hands like that in this portrait because often I find they play such a vital role and say so much.
Taken on the Hasselblad, which has square negs, so it is slightly cropped.
Scanned from the print.
The 80mm Zeiss lens and the film Ilford Delta 100.
A mum in the park, Amitah Bachan, the famous Indian actor in the studio and Willem in communion with his zither.
And finally, smoking a cigaret for the 1940-ties portrait.
Wishing you a beautiful day and as always, thanks for visiting, Magda (*_*)
For more: www.indigo2photography.com
IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (BY LAW!!!) TO USE ANY OF MY image or TEXT on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
GENETICS, portrait, two, family, mother, woman, boy, son, studio, strong, face, hands, black and white, Ilford film, vertical, monochrome, Hasselblad, Magda-indigo