Pacific Fair Shopping Centre in Broadbeach,Gold Coast, Queensland Australia. August 2018.

 

The shopping centre has been done up since we were last here and it is amazing.

The lower floor features a living room, foyer, kitchen, and dining room while the upper floor features a bedroom. The first floor worked out well design-wise, but the second floor is an absolute mess due to all the supports / arches / beams needed to hold the roof together. Speaking of the roof, both sections aren't very pretty, but it works... at the cost of taking a whole bunch of upstairs space on the inside, as you can see.

ATLANTA, GEORGIA - OCTOBER 26: Lee "Gumayusi" Min-hyeong (L) and Ryu "Keria" Min-seok of T1 pose at the League of Legends World Championship Semifinals Features Day on October 26, 2022 in Atlanta, GA. (Photo by Fernando Decillis/Riot Games)

Designed on commission, this model features opening doors, boot, and bonnet, functioning pop-up headlights, and a detailed interior, engine bay, transmission, and exhaust.

The Trango Towers are a group of dramatic granite spires located on the north side of the Baltoro Glacier, in Baltistan, a district of the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan (formerly Northern Areas). They are part of the Baltoro Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram range. The Towers offer some of the largest cliffs and most challenging rock climbing in the world. The highest point in the group is the summit of Great Trango Tower, 6,286 m (20,608 ft). (Note: all elevations in this article are subject to significant uncertainty: it is not clear if they have ever been determined precisely, and sources vary.) The east face of the Great Trango Tower features the world's greatest nearly vertical drop.

  

I love the green plants along the white picket fence

 

7 Days of Shooting - Week 15 (w/b 15th October) Barrier: What barriers divide the area where you live, work or visit? Perhaps you have a garden wall, or an ornamental gate. For this week, show us those barriers, including fences, walls, & gates.

Building 3 (Robert H. McCabe Hall) at the Miami Dade College Wolfson Campus is the central hub for student services.

 

A wide range of student support departments are located in Building 3, including:

Admissions & Registration: Assists students with applying to and enrolling at the campus.

 

Advisement & Career Services: Provides students with essential academic advising.

 

Bursar's Office: Handles student finances and billing.

 

Financial Aid: Helps students navigate financial assistance options.

 

New Student Center: Specifically helps newly enrolling students with information and support.

 

International Student Services: Provides assistance to international students.

 

Dean of Students: An administrative office for student affairs.

 

Some academic support and departments are also housed within Building 3, such as:

Business Studies: The Business Studies department is based in Building 3.

 

Academic Affairs: The administrative office for academic oversight is located here.

 

Meeting and event space: Building 3 also features a 5th-floor terrace that can be rented for event

 

Credit for the data above is given to the following website:

www.google.com/search?q=how+to+change+the+dns+server+on+w...

 

© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.

An unusual picture in that it features a Hounslow Garage bus on loan to Stamford Brook at the Queens Gate Terrace bus stand which was rarely used by Route 27 on account of it being quite pointless.

 

Coming from the west, if curtailed at Kensington High Street Station, the procedure for turning around (officially) involved going so far off the 27 route that by the time this had been done it would have been just as quick to have carried on to Notting Hill Gate thus covering a bit more of the normal route. So a 27 at this location was fairly rare and even more so once I had proved that it was possible to do a U turn (unofficial) in Kensington High Street and other drivers dared to do likewise!

 

Queens Gate Terrace was then, and certainly is now, a very expensive residential address. To have an almost constantly used bus stand (73`s were there all through the day) in the middle of the road was unusual and it could obviously not be used by passengers on safety grounds so the nearest bus stop was some distance away on the main road. RM 1170 and RM 1034 are seen on 1 July 1982.

Emily Inez Denny, ca. 1890

 

Museum of History and Industry (MOHI), Seattle.

 

There are some features of our surroundings that time can't change. Visitors to Seattle, if they're observant and the clouds lift, will see the same brilliant mountain range to the west as the one in this work painted 132 years ago. They're the Olympic Mountains in what is now Olympic National Park on the - wait for it - Olympic Peninsula in Washington state.

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Short Version

 

The Battle of Seattle is the name given to the day when the Native peoples in the area attacked the newly arrived settlers who took refuge in the blockhouse or on the USS Decatur anchored in Elliott Bay.

 

The warship proceeded to fire shells toward the land. There were only two casualties for the settlers and the exact number of casualties the Native peoples suffered is unknown.

 

The artist, Emily Inez Denny (1853-1919), was a child during the Battle of Seattle and painted this scene many years later, fusing her memories with family tradition.

 

Denny's interpretation emphasized the settlers' vulnerability and fear, and eliminated the Decatur's sailors and Marines, on the one hand, and Native people, on the other.

digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/...

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Extended Version

 

The Battle of Seattle was a January 26, 1856 attack by Native American tribesmen upon Seattle, Washington.

 

At the time, Seattle was a settlement in the Washington Territory that had recently named itself after Chief Seattle (Sealth), a leader of the Suquamish and Duwamish peoples of central Puget Sound.

 

European-American settlers were backed by artillery fire and supported by Marines from the United States Navy sloop-of-war Decatur, anchored in Elliott Bay (Seattle's harbor, then called Duwam-sh Bay).

 

They suffered two fatalities. It is not known if any of the Native American raiders died. The contemporary historian T. S. Phelps wrote that they later "would admit" to 28 dead and 80 wounded. T

 

he battle, part of the multi-year Puget Sound War or Yakima Wars (1855-1858), lasted a single day.

 

The Seattle settlement of the time was located roughly in the area of Seattle's Pioneer Square and its neighborhood. T. S. Phelps's memoir of the time described the settlement as:

 

…on a point, or rather a small peninsula, projecting from the eastern shore, and about two miles (3 km) from the mouth of Duwamish River, debouching at the head of the bay. The northern part of this peninsula is connected with the mainland by a low neck of marshy ground, and about one-sixteenth of a mile from its southeastern extremity a firm, hard sand-pit nearly joined it to the adjacent shore, severed only by a narrow channel through which the surplus waters of an inclosed swamp escaped into the bay. The south and west sides rose abruptly from the beach, forming an embankment from three to fifteen feet high; and proceeding thence northerly, the ground undulated for an eighth of a mile, when it gradually sloped towards the swamp and neck.

 

At the intersection of the latter with the main, and overlooking the water, rose a mound about thirty feet above the level of the bay; and to the eastward through a depression in the hills, and passing the head of the swamp, was a broad Indian trail leading to Lake Duwamish [now Lake Washington], distant two and a half miles.

 

Phelps remarks that the tailings from Henry Yesler's recently erected mill were steadily filling in the marshy land at the north of the head or peninsula where the settlement was located. He described the arrangement of the troops arrayed in defense on the nights before the battle:

 

The divisions… nightly occupied the shore, vigilantly guarding the people as they slept, and resting only when the morning light released them from the apprehended attack.

 

… [They] were distributed along the line of defense in the following order: The fourth, under Lieutenant Dallas, commencing at Southeast Point, extended along the bay shore to the sand-bar, where, meeting with the right of the first division, Lieutenant Drake, the latter continued the line facing the swamp to a point half-way from the bar to a hotel situated midway between the bar and Yesler's place, and there joined the second, under Lieutenant Hughes, whose left, resting on the hotel (see Mother Damnable), completed an unbroken line between the latter and Southeast Point, while the howitzer's crew, Lieutenant Morris, was stationed near Plummer's house, to sweep the bar and to operate wherever circumstances demanded. The third division, Lieutenant Phelps, occupied that portion of the neck lying between the swamp and mound east of Yesler's place, to secure the approaches leading from the lake, and the marines, under Sergeant Carbine, garrisoned the block-house.

 

The divisions, thus stationed, left a gap between the second and third, which the width and impassable nature of the swamp at this place rendered unnecessary to close, thereby enabling a portion of the town to be encompassed which otherwise would have been exposed.

 

The distance between the block-house and Southeast Point, following the sinuosities of the bay and swamp shores, was three-quarters of a mile, to be defended by ninety-six men, eighteen marines, and five officers, leaving Gunner Stocking, Carpenter Miller, Clerks Francis and Ferguson, and fifteen men with Lieutenant Middleton, to guard the ship.[3]

 

Prelude

 

Washington Territory Governor Isaac Ingalls Stevens' ambitious treaty-making during 1854 and 1855 has been held to be the cause of the Puget Sound War.

 

The battle was part of a Native American uprising in resistance to the pressure to cede land for reservations determined by territorial officials.

 

There had been a series of skirmishes in the region over the previous several months, beginning October 28, 1855. There had been fighting between federal troops and natives in southern King, Thurston and Pierce counties. Five days before the attack on Seattle, Governor Stevens had declared a "war of extermination" upon the Indians.

 

The sloop Decatur had been called to Puget Sound both because of the trouble with local natives and to deter frequent raids by an alliance of the northern Haida from the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Tongass group of the Tlingit, from what was then Russian America.

 

Captained by Isaac L. Sterret, the vessel struck an uncharted reef near Bainbridge Island on December 7, 1855, and was heavily damaged. (According to naval custom, the reef was named Decatur Reef.) They limped into Seattle for repairs, which lasted until January 19. Sterret was temporarily taken off active duty December 10, although later returned to active duty. However, on the day of the battle, Decatur was commanded by Guert Gansevoort.

 

Decatur lay at anchor in deep water, in a position from which it had total command of the settlement with 16 shipborne 32-pounders firing fuzed shells. To the defense on land, the ship contributed two nine-pounder cannon and 18 stands of arms.

 

About this time, the raiders were attacking the White River settlers to the southeast. Survivors fled to Seattle. There they joined the fifty or so Seattle settlers. Assisted by marines from the Decatur, they had constructed a blockhouse from lumber originally intended for shipment to San Francisco.

 

Days before the battle (January 21), Territorial Governor Stevens arrived in Seattle aboard U.S.S. Active, and discounted rumors of war.

 

Almost immediately upon his departure, reports from friendly natives warned that the governor had been completely mistaken and that an attack was imminent. These reports have been variously credited to Chief Seattle, his daughter Princess Angeline, or another chief, Sucquardle (known also as "Curley" or "Curly Jim").

 

David Swinson "Doc" Maynard, reputed to have had far more than the usual concern for the natives' rights and well-being, evacuated 434 friendly natives to the west side of Puget Sound (at his own expense and with the assistance of his wife).

 

To some extent, the settlers had organized for their defense as volunteers under a Captain Hewett. However, this company of volunteers had disbanded and re-formed several times over the months leading up to the battle.

 

On the evening of January 22, with Decatur having taken a commanding position, the militia leaders declared that "they would not serve longer while there was a ship in port to protect them". Phelps writes that "a more reckless, undisciplined set of men has seldom been let loose to prey upon any community than these eighty embryo soldiers upon Seattle… after much rough argument about thirty of their number became partially convinced that their individual safety depended upon unity of action under a competent leader, and they finally consented to form a company, provided Mr. Peixotto would consent to serve as captain. That gentleman accepted the honor…"

 

Emily Denny mentions the company as being captained by Hewitt and including William Gilliam as 1st Lieutenant, D.T. Denny as Corporal, and Robert Olliver as Sergeant. Phelps names both Hewitt and Peixotto as captains.

 

Phelps lists the hostile natives as including the "Kliktat" (Klickitat and Spokane), "Palouse" (Palus), Walla-Walla, "Yakami" (Yakama), Kamialk, Nisqually, Puyallup, "Lake" (Duwamish-related, living near Lake Washington), "and other tribes, estimated at six thousand warriors, marshaled under the three generals-in-chief Coquilton, Owhi, and Lushi, assisted by many subordinate chiefs."

 

They had failed to recruit warriors from any of the several tribes or nations from the Olympic Peninsula, nor did they succeed in winning the Snoqualmie over to their cause. Although the Snoqualmie chief Patkanim was strongly opposed to the European-American settlers, he allied with them in this war.

 

Two hostile chiefs—Phelps says Owhi and Lushi (presumably, Leschi), other sources say Owhi and Coquilton—disguised themselves as friendly Indians and reconnoitered the situation the night before the battle.

 

Phelps describes this in some detail: he was the sentry whom they tricked with a plausible story.

 

According to Phelps' account, at least two native chiefs were playing a double game. Curley Jim had been considered friendly enough by the settlers to be allowed to remain within their encampment; conversely, his nephew Yark-eke-e-man had been considered one of the hostile force.

 

According to Phelps, the nephew intended to betray the native attack. Curley Jim left the settlement in the company of his visitors, and they parleyed around midnight at the lodge of a chief named Tecumseh; Yark-eke-e-man and several "chiefs of lesser note" were also present.

 

They set out a plan to kill all of the settlers and U.S. military; Curley requested that his friend Henry Yesler be allowed to live, but accepted being overruled in the matter.

 

They resolved to attack in a few hours, around 2 a.m.; Phelps wrote that that plan would have succeeded, since no defender was planning for a pre-dawn assault. But Yark-eke-e-man convinced the raiders to try a mid-morning attack, using a small decoy force to draw the Decatur's men out of the well-defended areas to do battle on First Hill.

 

There are no reliable estimates of the size of the attacking force. Isaac Stevens (who was not present), wrote to Washington that settlers estimated that 200 to 500 Indians had taken the field against them. Phelps put the number of enemy at 2,000, but (write Crowley and Wilma) "frontier military officers often inflated the number of opposing forces to reinforce their accomplishments (or to minimize their failures)."

 

Community college historian Murray Morgan writes that early "reports seem to have multiplied by ten the actual numbers. There could not have been more than one hundred and fifty."

 

Many settlers resided on scattered claims divided by thick forest, because to establish a land claim, settlers had to live on it. Some settlers doubted that the Indians would attack, and had to run for the blockhouse on the morning of the battle.

 

The first fatality of the engagement was Jack Drew, a deserter from Decatur killed in friendly fire. When he attempted to enter a cabin through a window, he was shot dead by fifteen-year-old Milton Holgate.

 

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

 

Because the natives' only common language was Chinook jargon, a trade language that many of the white settlers also spoke, the settlers were able to hear and understand the attackers' shouted orders "and revealed many incidents of the battle they were anxious to conceal."

 

An Indian known as "Jim", a relative of Curley's who died a few months later in a hunting accident, evaded Curley's vigilance and warned Dr. Williamson of the impending attack.

 

Williamson sent a messenger to Yesler, who informed Gansevoort, and Decatur's troops abandoned their breakfast and returned to the positions they had held by night. 52 women and children found refuge on board Decatur, and others on board the barque Brontes. The non-combatants of the friendly tribes took to their canoes to get out of the way.

 

Curley's sister (and Yark-eke-e-man's mother) Li-cu-mu-low ("Nancy"), whom Phelps describes as "short, stout, and incapable of running," warned as she headed for her canoe that the Kliktat were gathered around Tom Pepper's house, which was in the forest, near the crest of First Hill.

 

Decatur fired off a howitzer shell in that direction, the first shot of the battle. Phelps and a few others had been trying unsuccessfully to rouse the volunteers from their torpor. At the sound of the howitzer shell, they rushed as one for the blockhouse. There "Sergeant Carbine several times charged them out of one door, to return as often by the other, till, wearying of the trouble, he left them to cower behind the wooden bulwarks, protected from the bullets of the foe."

 

The third division, contrary to orders, charged up the trail that led towards the lake. This charge met with success, as they pushed the attackers back without taking any casualties themselves. Klakum held a position behind a tree, and shot at Peixotto standing on the block-house steps, but missed and killed a boy, Milton G. Holgate, who was standing a few steps higher. It was the second death of a European American caused by another white.

 

On the south end, settlers on the peninsula faced off against natives on the mainland with a slough dividing them. Phelps describes "the incessant rattle of small-arms, and an uninterrupted whistling of bullets, mingled with the furious yells of the Indians," but there were few casualties.

 

A settler was killed when he ducked from behind a stump to get some drinking water;Clarence Bagley, quoting William Bell two days after the event, says the casualty was Christian White; Phelps, writing 17 years later, says it was Robert Wilson.

 

Hans Carl, an invalided sailor on Decatur, died shortly thereafter, but for reasons unrelated to the battle.

 

Aftermath

 

News of the attack spread rapidly. By 4 p.m. it was known in Bellingham. At noon the day after the battle, Active steamed into Elliott Bay, Governor Stevens aboard. Stevens was, in Phelps's words, "at last compelled to acknowledge the presence of hostile Indians in the Territory." Active headed south in the direction of Steilacoom, which seemed the most likely next target of an attack, dropping the governor at Olympia, the capital, on the way.

 

Yark-eke-e-man reported that the hostile chiefs were ill-provisioned. Confident of victory, they expected to provision themselves from the settlers' supplies. They spent the next several weeks scouring the land for food.

 

Two days after the battle, Coquilton threatened, through a messenger, "that within one moon he would return with twenty thousand warriors, and, attacking by land and water, destroy the place in spite of all the war-ship could do to prevent."

 

The threat was taken seriously, and leaders decided to improve Seattle's defenses. Henry Yesler volunteered ship's cargo of house lumber, and on February 1 Decatur's divisions began a two-week project to erect a defensive palisade: two fences five feet high, placed eighteen inches apart, and filled in with well-tamped earth, 1,200 yards (1,100 m) long, and enclosing a large portion of the town.

 

A second block-house was also erected, and an old ship's cannon, plus a 6-pounder field-piece borrowed from Active, were to serve as its artillery.

 

Trees and undergrowth were removed (variously attacked with levers, axes, and shovels, or burned in place) to provide an esplanade and enable Decatur's howitzer to sweep the shores.

 

Much brush was also cleared from the town's inland edges, to reduce the cover for future attacks. On February 24, USS Massachusetts arrived and on March 28 USS John Hancock.

 

The fortified town did not have to face a second battle. Defeat in the Battle of Seattle had discouraged the hostile natives, and they did not again amass a comparable force.

 

Furthermore, Governor Stevens had convinced Patkanim and his men to take on the role of bounty hunters, paying them handsomely for collecting the scalps of leaders of the hostile tribes.

 

Morgan does not describe the battle as a victory for the Americans.

 

Rather, he writes that "both sides were dismayed, the whites by the realization that the enemy really would attack a town, the Indians by their first experience with exploding shells rather than cannonballs."

 

Also by Stevens's order, a court-martial was convened at Seattle on May 15 for the trial of Klakum and twenty other Indians. The military officers acquitted them, deeming their actions as having been legitimate warfare against recognized combatants, not criminal acts. They were released after a declaration of peace. It was certainly not the end of violence between settlers and natives in the region, but it was the end of outright war.

 

Nine days after the battle, Chief Leschi and Chief Kitsap, along with a group of 17 Indians, appeared at the home of John McLeod near the Nisqually River.

 

McLeod was a former employee of the Hudson's Bay Company, had a Nisqually wife, and was trusted by the hostile Indians.

 

Leschi said that neither he nor his band had taken part in the attack on Seattle, and he thought the attack had been foolish. Leschi asked for John Swan, another trusted white man, to visit Leschi's camp on the Green River for a peace conference.[9] When Swan did visit Leschi's camp a few days later, he counted about 150 warriors, or men of fighting age. Nearly all were from west of the Cascades, with only 10–20 from the east.

 

Casualties

 

Jack Drew, a deserter from the Decatur, was shot and killed by young Milton Holgate, a settler's son, when he tried to enter the latter's cabin.

 

Holgate was killed by friendly fire, and another settler died in the battle: Christian White or Robert Wilson (see above). One sailor, Hans Carl, died later of causes unrelated to the battle.

 

Phelps characterizes the low casualties as "incredible" and "miraculous", given that "one hundred and sixty men were for seven hours exposed to an almost uninterrupted storm of bullets".

 

The casualties on the native side are unknown. Phelps claimed personally to have seen ten men die from one shell. He said that the natives later admitted to 28 dead and 80 wounded, but said that the native women "secret[ed] the dead beyond all chance of discovery." No Indian bodies were found on the battlefield.

 

According to Seattle lore, decades after the battle, Seattle's future fire chief Gardner Kellogg was excavating his house and found a shell from Decatur that had buried itself without exploding.

 

He stuck it under a stump that he was trying to burn out and went off to lunch. Dexter Horton stopped by to warm the seat of his pants at the fire, and as it exploded, nearly became the last casualty of the battle of Seattle.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Seattle_(1856)

 

The only cool functionality besides lighting was this working hangar lift :D

 

WAY too many over achievers had cool features this year, I felt I had to put SOMETHING in, even this little feature takes up an incredible amount of space, so you guys (you know who yo uare), bravo for your insane skills to fit in oh so much more....

Support at ideas.lego.com/projects/5995b5f7-6955-4a57-9315-9f78f9410f80

BLM Winter Bucket List #23: Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona, for Spectacular Geologic Features and Superbowl 49

 

This month, Phoenix, Arizona, is a buzz with #superbowl news. As the state prepares for the big event, we’ll share information about beautiful public lands just outside of the city and others worth a day trip - like Vermilion Cliffs.

 

Located on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona, the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument includes the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness. This remote and unspoiled 280,000-acre Monument - a part of the BLM’s National Conservation Lands - is a geologic treasure, containing a variety of diverse landscapes from the Paria Plateau, Vermilion Cliffs, Coyote Buttes, and Paria Canyon.

 

Visitors enjoy scenic views of towering cliffs and deep canyons. The colorful swirls of cross-bedded sandstone in Coyote Buttes are an international hiking destination. A permit is required for hiking in Coyote Buttes North (the Wave), Coyote Buttes South, and for overnight trips within Paria Canyon.

 

Whether you’re heading to the #superbowl or just want an unforgettable outdoor experience, Vermilion Cliffs is a must see! bit.ly/vermilioncliffs

 

Photos by Bob Wick, BLM Wilderness Specialist

Tower north of Barcelona, Spain. It features lots of antennae for broadcasting services. Additionally it has an observation deck, open for visitors. Tibidabo is not far from Torre de Collserola, approximately 30 minutes of walking to the east.

Note the accumulation of iron (redox feature) and areas of reduction (gray color) from the lower subsoil of an Augusta soil.

 

For a detailed description of the soil, visit:

soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/A/AUGUSTA.html

 

Redoximorphic features (RMFs) consist of color patterns in a soil that are caused by loss (depletion) or gain (concentration) of pigment compared to the matrix color, formed by oxidation/reduction of iron and/or manganese coupled with their removal, translocation, or accrual.

 

For more information about describing and sampling soils, visit:

www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field...

or Chapter 3 of the Soil Survey manual:

www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/The-Soil-Su...

 

For additional information on "How to Use the Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils" (video reference), visit:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_hQaXV7MpM

 

For additional information about soil classification using USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy, visit:

www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/keys-...

or;

www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/soil-...

 

For more information about Hydric Soils and their Field Indicators, visit:

www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field...

 

Transportation regularly features in my photo stream in the form of my over processed technique applied to many a motor vehicle so wanted to do something a bit different. Being back at work now after a very enjoyable 2 weeks off I didn't get a chance to get out and about with the camera. Editing some images from a day trip to Bekonscot Model Village during my holiday this little gem presented itself and so became my entry for week 36.

 

This was the 12.15 from Bekonscot Station, transporting the residents from here to there about their daily business, then back again on a non stop loop.

 

The only thing missing from this image is unfortunatley the steam chuffing out from the engine (maybe a job for Photoshop later)

 

Next week I will be part of the support crew that will be following a team of my work colleagues as they cycle from Welwyn Garden City to Edinburgh, a distance of approx 420 miles. All in the name of charity, this year raising money for Diabetes UK, with a target of raising £10.000 for this worthy cause. As part of my role as support crew I will also be the official photographer of the event (any excuse to get the camera out eh).

 

If you feel like donating please follow the link below

 

www.justgiving.com/tescopropertybikeride2013/

  

Have a great week everyone, see you in 37!!

Between a rather full daily agenda of teleconferences, I continue to cobble together slideshows with photos from the archives.

 

Here is the most recent one: Gallivanting at the Atlanta Aquarium a while ago.

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3rX8xkb2LE

 

It features a bunch of my friends having a whale of a time.

 

It's good to have the oppor - tuna-ty to use these photos.

 

Hey - you may recognize some of the characters, and some of the people too.

 

Enjoy!

 

Nora

Striking features on this gorgeous girl. 😊

 

Opisthoncus quadratarius. 💛

Victoria Point SE QLD Australia.

 

Adult Female that lives in my grandma's pot plant on the balcony. She's a little shy at first but friendly. With patientce and a gentle touch I managed to get her in position for a couple of snaps. She sat pretty chilled for the whole time.

 

Nikon D810, AF-S 60mm f/2.8G ED, Neewer LED with diffuser. 📷

This Reserve is dedicated under the Crown Lands Act (1929–1985) for the preservation of the scenic and natural features of the breakaways landscape.

Features and Funcions:

- Engines Rotate for Vertical Landing

- Turret can Rotate 180 Degrees

- Turret is Accessible from the Command Deck

- Finished Interiors

- Rotating Side Mounted Guns

- Foldable Landing Gear

- Loading Ramp

- Jump Seats for Four Man SWAT Team

- Easy Access to Lower Level (Command Deck Floor Folds and Lifts Out)

- Two Prisoner Cells

- Pilot and Navigator Chairs

 

Credits:

Side-Mounted Turrets: Legohaulic

Command Chairs: Legodrome

Rear Exhaust Grilles: Larry Lars

My latest creation features some Indian paisley print cotton taken from a multi-panel skirt and a paisley silk tie top. I thought about using the same material for the top but it is quite an open fabric, which gives it a lovely transparency, but it doesn't handle so well with a fitted design. My next thought was to use a plain silk fabric as I did with the Chrysalis dress but then I had a look through my stash of silk ties and found this tiny paisley. I really like the fact that both fabrics are paisley but on a very different scale so they combine especially well. Silk is much tougher at withstanding intense shaping and moulding for the top. Finally for the tiny straps I created a crochet chain and threaded it into the top securing it with invisible nylon thread and passed some tiny amber beads onto each end of each strap as a little embellishment.

 

Rayna Eye Candy is the third of my Raynas to feature in my 'Rayna Retrospective'. One more to go before Wild Feeling arrives!

Features from left to right include Coe and Ladd Glaciers, Pulpit Rock, Cathedral Ridge, Queens Chair, Sandy Glacier Headwall, and Yocum Ridge.

This image features a Mute Swan (Cygnus olor), characterized by its prominent orange bill with a black base and a graceful, long neck often held in an "S" curve. The species is known for its heavy body, dense white plumage, and generally silent nature compared to other swan species. Mute Swans are often found swimming in pairs or small groups on lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers.

BOX DATE: 1998

MANUFACTURER: Mattel

DOLLS IN LINE: Barbie; Christie; Teresa; Kira

BODY TYPE: 1993; articulated elbows & knees; button on back; magnet on hand; over sized flat feet

HEAD MOLD: 1980 "Oriental"

SPECIAL FEATURES: Shoots basketball

 

PERSONAL FUN FACT: Alas, Kira is finally mine (insert maniacal laugh here). Seriously though, I've wanted WNBA Kira since I was a little girl, and I first saw these dolls in stores. I think there may have even been a commercial for this line...which probably enticed me that much more. I have spent a lot of time over the years bemoaning about how I didn't have this Kira...and each time I acquired one of the other dollies from this line, it only made me lust for Miss Kira that much more. Kira as a character means so very much to me. If you didn't know already, my very first store bought doll was a Sun Jewel Kira. My sister and Dad picked her out for me on my sister's birthday, when she got Sun Jewel Barbie. I was obsessed with princess Jasmine since I first saw the movie Aladdin...and Colleen knew that I'd associate Kira's lovely jet black hair with Jasmine. It also helped out that I was obsessed with figure skating back then, and an Asian skater, Kristi Yamaguchi, starred as Jasmine for an Aladdin ice skating show! So for me, Kira was always my Kristi Yamaguchi--the breathtakingly beautiful ice skater who I wished I could be. Ever since Sun Jewel Kira entered my life, I had a deep appreciation for Asian dolls. Whenever Kira was released for a doll line, I would covet her. As I grew to be a bit older, and Kira was slowly starting to phase out of Barbie's world, I filled her place with Barbie's other friends. After a five year doll hiatus, my love for Kira was buried even further. But after researching Barbies when I first began collecting again, I once again found myself lusting for doll lines that Kira was a part of. The first time I came across a boxed WNBA Barbie at my local flea market (I think in 2012), my desire to own her Kira counterpart was once again reignited. Ever since that day, I would always hope each time I saw a WNBA doll box, that Kira would be the doll inside. But each time, I was let down. I was lucky enough to find the other ladies from this line secondhand over the years--Barbie, Christie, and Teresa. But somehow, Kira always evaded me. I'd say that after Ocean Friends Kira (who I scored in 2013), it was this WNBA doll that I most wanted. My dream finally came true one brisk fall day at the local flea market, in 2016. My sister and I were scaling the last aisle of the flea market. At the time, my mind was brooding over a case of slightly over priced vintage dolls that I was contemplating about buying. As we reached the last few tables, the vibrant hot pink color of the 90s Barbie boxes caught my eye. Honestly, I usually don't get that excited about boxed Barbies in comparison--mostly because I see the same faces time and time again (those unfortunate holiday Barbies everyone kept boxed because they were "collectible" and the same repetitive 90s Barbies). But as I got closer to the table, I spotted a few African American Barbies, which made my heart skip a few beats. But when I finally got to the front of the table, I found the greatest treasure of them all--this WNBA Kira, still sealed in her box. I didn't care how much money she was...I would have paid $20 easily for her! But luckily, the seller let us have each boxed doll for $8, which meant not only Kira came home with me that day, but also AA 1997 Rapunzel and 2001 Fun Time at McDonald's Barbie (also the AA version). This Kira doll in particular is ravishing! She has perfect face paint, and gorgeous black hair. I wouldn't have cared in the least bit if she had been painted wonkily, but I am so glad that I happened to get a "perfect" looking one. Even though she has large, masculine feet, she is still a very versatile doll to dress up. I love how she can look great in sporty clothes, but also look dazzling in more dressy attire. She's everything I stocked her up to be over these years. Owning this Kira doll satisfies my inner eight year old Shelly, who longed to own this doll since the day we first met! It's funny how some dreams never die, even after years of being buried. I am so very grateful to finally have this Kira doll...she will always have a special place in my heart and in my collection!

It's German registered, Korean built, and features retro automotive British styling (intentional or unintentional) but it wasn't sold in the UK.

 

The Opirus (or Amanti in other markets) was considered to be Kia's flagship vehicle. The US had it, and there the J.D. Power and Associates' 2005 Automotive Performance, Execution and Layout Study, thought it was the "Most Appealing Premium Midsize Car".

  

On April 30, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope observed Comet ISON again. The comet is in the upper middle, showing the long tail. Various galaxies and stars appear behind it.

In this image, Hubble trained its telescope on the stars instead of following the comet. The result is that the comet appears fuzzier, but the stars and galaxies are more detailed and precise. These dimmer features don't pop out if the camera is moving, following along with ISON. To see them, you really need to dwell in one place until they emerge from the noise.Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI/AURA

 

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More details on Comet ISON:

 

Comet ISON began its trip from the Oort cloud region of our solar system and is now travelling toward the sun. The comet will reach its closest approach to the sun on Thanksgiving Day -- 28 Nov 2013 -- skimming just 730,000 miles above the sun's surface. If it comes around the sun without breaking up, the comet will be visible in the Northern Hemisphere with the naked eye, and from what we see now, ISON is predicted to be a particularly bright and beautiful comet.

 

Catalogued as C/2012 S1, Comet ISON was first spotted 585 million miles away in September 2012. This is ISON's very first trip around the sun, which means it is still made of pristine matter from the earliest days of the solar system’s formation, its top layers never having been lost by a trip near the sun. Comet ISON is, like all comets, a dirty snowball made up of dust and frozen gases like water, ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide -- some of the fundamental building blocks that scientists believe led to the formation of the planets 4.5 billion years ago.

 

NASA has been using a vast fleet of spacecraft, instruments, and space- and Earth-based telescope, in order to learn more about this time capsule from when the solar system first formed.

 

The journey along the way for such a sun-grazing comet can be dangerous. A giant ejection of solar material from the sun could rip its tail off. Before it reaches Mars -- at some 230 million miles away from the sun -- the radiation of the sun begins to boil its water, the first step toward breaking apart. And, if it survives all this, the intense radiation and pressure as it flies near the surface of the sun could destroy it altogether.

 

This collection of images show ISON throughout that journey, as scientists watched to see whether the comet would break up or remain intact.

 

The comet reaches its closest approach to the sun on Thanksgiving Day -- Nov. 28, 2013 -- skimming just 730,000 miles above the sun’s surface. If it comes around the sun without breaking up, the comet will be visible in the Northern Hemisphere with the naked eye, and from what we see now, ISON is predicted to be a particularly bright and beautiful comet.

 

ISON stands for International Scientific Optical Network, a group of observatories in ten countries who have organized to detect, monitor, and track objects in space. ISON is managed by the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

 

NASA image use policy.

 

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.

 

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www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn9oxb052bI

EPCOT's Italian Pavilion features a plaza surrounded by a collection of buildings reminiscent of Venetian, Florentine, and Roman architecture. Venetian architecture is represented by a re-creation of St Mark's Campanile and a replica of the Doge's Palace. The pavilion's design is inspired by other hallmarks of Italian architecture, such as the Neptune Fountain (reminiscent of Rome's Trevi Fountain) and the Il Bel Cristallo shop (meant to resemble the exterior of the Sistine Chapel).

 

Features working brakes!...yeah I know there is not really any point, but I could so I did :) 2x 9v motors wheel-spin behind this when the brakes are clicked "on"

Also has a lightbrick in the firebox, actuated by pushing the main boiler slightly backwards. This light also serves as a "through" light to the rear tail lamp. Plus a "quick release" cab to be able to access the click hinge brake lever.

Had to sit on this for 8 months or so, but now able to show some of the pictures as "teasers".....designed and made exclusively for "The Lego Adventure" book: www.flickr.com/groups/2021445@N23/ which includes a full 18 page feature on how to build this, starting from chassis to end result.

Was an honour and a privilige to be chosen for this line up of "inspirational" builders throughout the world :)

The features in Yosemite Valley are made of granitic rock emplaced as plutons miles deep during the late Cretaceous. Over time the Sierra Nevada was uplifted, exposing this rock to erosion at the surface.

 

The oldest of these granitic rocks, at 114 million years, occur along the Merced River Gorge west of the valley. The El Capitan pluton intruded the valley, forming most of the granitic rock that makes up much of the central part of the valley, including Cathedral Rocks, Three Brothers, and El Capitan. The youngest Yosemite Valley pluton is the 87-million-year-old Half Dome granodiorite, which makes up most of the rock at Glacier Point, the Royal Arches, and its namesake, Half Dome. (Wikipedia)

Interesting hillside garden with year-round features

Charming Emmetts Garden is an Edwardian estate that was owned by Frederic Lubbock, becoming both a plantsman's passion and a much-loved family home.

 

The garden was laid out in the late 19th century, and was nfluenced by William Robinson.It contains many exotic and rare trees and shrubs from across the world.

 

Standing on one of the highest spots in Kent, Emmetts Garden offers panormaic views over the unspoilt Weald as well as some great walking opportunities.

 

When you visit, you can explore the rose and rock gardens, take in the views and enjoy shows of spring flowers and shrubs, followed by vibrant autumn colours.

Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe

 

www.pimaair.org

 

The Pima Air & Space Museum, located in Tucson, Arizona, is one of the world's largest non-government funded aerospace museums. The museum features a display of nearly 300 aircraft spread out over 80 acres (320,000 m²) on a campus occupying 127 acres (610,000 m²). It is also been the home to the Arizona Aviation Hall of Fame since 1991.

 

A large number of the museum's aircraft are displayed outside with the remainder located in one of the museum's 4 display hangars. In addition to the display hangars, the museum has a restoration hangar.

 

Opened to the public in May 1976 with 48 aircraft then on display, the Museum's main hangar houses an SR-71A Blackbird, an A-10 Warthog, a United States Air Force Through the Years exhibit, and a mock-up of a control tower.

 

The museum is adjacent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG), affiliated with the base, also known as the "Graveyard of Planes" or "The Boneyard", is the largest aircraft storage and preservation facility in the world. Bus tours of the boneyard leave from the museum several times a day from Monday to Friday, except Federal holidays.

 

The nearby Titan Missile Museum is located about 20 miles south of Tucson in Green Valley off of Interstate 19 and features a Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile still in its silo. Tours of the above-ground and underground installations around the missile are conducted daily. More extensive "top to bottom" tours take up to five hours and are conducted several times each month. Reservations required for top to bottom tour.

 

Both museums are overseen by the Arizona Aerospace Foundation and are governed by the Board of Trustees. They are non-profit 501 (c) 3 organization that relies on visitors paying admissions, for trams and AMARG tours, as well as what they spend in the Museum stores. They also rely on memberships and contracted events to pay to restore and acquire exhibits.

 

(Wikipedia)

 

The Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe is an American twin-engine heavy-lift helicopter designed by Sikorsky Aircraft for the United States Army. It is named after Tarhe, an 18th-century chief of the Wyandot Indian tribe whose nickname was "The Crane". The civil version is the Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane.

 

Development

 

Work on what would become the CH-54 can be traced back to Sikorsky's earlier activities with "sky-crane" helicopters, particularly the piston-engined Sikorsky S-60 of the late 1950s. Following the end of the Korean War, the United States Army sought to procure a successor to the Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave, an early piston-engined heavily lift helicopter; being aware of this need, Sikorsky were keen to fulfil it. The company was already working on the Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane, a civil-orientated heavy lift rotorcraft that was designed specifically for the purpose of carrying large payloads externally; the development of a military-configured derivative was viewed as a natural option. While Sikorsky were quick to recognise the advantages of adopting turboshaft propulsion, there were no suitable engines of that type initially available, thus it had to work with the American engine manufacturer Pratt and Whitney to modify their JT12 turbojet to produce one.

 

One innovative feature for any helicopter of the era was the incorporation of an automatic flight control system, effectively a fly-by-wire arrangement. This feature enabled the aft-facing crew member to control the rotorcraft's pitch, roll, and yaw with 10% control authority, along with an altitude-hold function; it was also praised for being relatively easy to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). Considerable attention was paid to the fuselage's design, particularly to minimising weight and maintenance requirements. the landing gear was designed to kneel to make loading easier as well as to ease operations from sloped surfaces. From on onset, Sikorsky sought enable the type to carry as diverse a range of cargoes as possible, leading to the incorporation of fitting for the carriage of barges and of a specially-designed multipurpose "people pod" that was suited for use for personnel transport, paratroop operations, and even as a mobile hospital or mobile command post.

 

On 9 May 1962, the first of three prototypes performed its maiden flight.[4] It was subsequently tested by the US Army at Fort Benning while the other two underwent an evaluation in West Germany. During June 1963, it was announced that the US Army had placed an order for an initial six helicopters, designating it as the CH-54A; the first of these was officially accepted on 30 June 1963. Following a relatively brief period of testing and evaluation, the CH-54 was quickly put into active use in Vietnam.

 

Early on, the type had demonstrated itself to possess unrivalled performance in some aspects. As of 2014, it continues to hold the helicopter record for highest altitude in level flight at 11,000 m (36,000 ft), which it set in 1971,[5] as well at the fastest climb to 3,000, 6,000, and 9,000 m (10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 ft). On 20 April 1965, a CH-54A equipped with a people pod lifted 90 people, comprising its crew of three and 87 combat-equipped troops; this was the largest number of people to be lifted by a single helicopter at that time.

 

Operational history

 

The United States Army would ultimately procure 105 examples, which it operated under the designation of CH-54 Tarhe. It was most prolifically used during the Vietnam War, typically to provide logistical support and heavy transport activities in aid of American ground troops. In the theatre, CH-54s would routinely be used to reposition artillery pieces such as the M101 howitzer, and even airlift bulky payloads such as bulldozers and patrol boats. In terms of retrieved aircraft alone, in excess of 380 were reportedly recovered via CH-54, resulting in the saving of several hundred million dollars.

 

In particular, those forces operating in and around the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North Vietnam and South Vietnam were unable to rely on ground supply routes due to the unavoidable challenges posed by the local geography; instead, they were almost entirely dependent on air support provided by rotorcraft such as the CH-54. The type would operate so close to the frontlines that several would come under fire from the North Vietnamese. One unusual use of the type came under the Combat Trap programme, which saw it drop 10,000 lb bombs, intended for clearing landing zones. One danger that its crews had to maintain awareness of was the strong downwash generated by the rotors; nearby tents were particularly at risk of being blown away.

 

As a heavy transport helicopter, capable of retrieving numerous types of downed aircraft, it proved to be highly successful. The Tarhe can hold its cargo up and tight against its center spine to lessen drag and eliminate the pendulum effect when flying forward, as well as winch vehicles up and down from a hovering position, so the helicopter can deploy loads while hovering. Due to budget cuts, the Heavy Lift Helicopter (HLH) program was canceled and the CH-54 was not upgraded with larger engines. The relatively small fleet proved costly to maintain, thus the tandem-rotor Boeing CH-47 Chinook, a rival heavy lift helicopter, gradually supplemented the CH-54 for most transport duties, eventually replacing it in Regular Army aviation units during the 1980s. Another heavy lift helicopter, the Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion, had also been developed using many of the proven systems of the CH-54, including its engine, fuselage, and dynamic systems.

 

The CH-54 was also operated by the Army National Guard, where it performed a variety of military and civilian missions. It participated in various humanitarian relief operations, including the rescuing of a whale in Alaska. Unusual payloads include whole antenna towers and log cabins; another example was the use of a CH-54 to airlift air conditioners onto the roof of the Pentagon. Furthermore, it was commonly tasked with relocating non-airworthy or retired aircraft. Despite these atypical demands, the CH-54 achieved a strong safety record. The military cutbacks enacted at the end of the Cold War proved to be the death knell for the CH-54's military service; the final National Guard flight was conducted on 10 January 1993.

 

Following their withdrawal from military use, many CH-54s were acquired by civilian operators and thus continued to be used in this new capacity. Of these, Erickson Air-Crane of Central Point, Oregon, operates the largest fleet of S-64 helicopters in the world under the name Erickson S-64 Aircrane. These can be equipped with water-dropping equipment (some also have foam/gel capability) for firefighting duties worldwide.[16] After obtaining the type certificate and manufacturing rights in 1992, Erickson remains the manufacturer.

 

Variants

 

YCH-54A

Preproduction aircraft, six built.

 

CH-54A

Production model powered by two 4,500 shp (3,400 kW) Pratt & Whitney T73-P-1 turboshafts, 54 built.

 

CH-54B

Heavier version of the CH-54A with two 4,800 shp (3,600 kW) T73-P-700 turboshafts and twin-wheeled main undercarriage, 37 ordered, 29 built.

 

S-64B

In 1968, Sikorsky proposed a three-engined growth version with upgraded rotor and gearbox. This was not proceeded with but did form the basis for the CH-53E Super Stallion.

 

Operators

 

United States

 

NASA

United States Army

478th Aviation Company

2nd Battalion, 291st Aviation Company

United States Army Reserve

Army National Guard

Company D, 113th Aviation, 152nd Airlift Wing, Nevada ARNG 1986–1993 (received CH-54A

1160 Aviation Company, Georgia ARNG (received CH-54A)

137th Transportation Company (Heavy Helicopter), Kansas ARNG (received CH-54A)

Company E, 185th Aviation Brigade, Mississippi ARNG (received CH-54A)

Pennsylvania (received CH-54A)

Alaska (received CH-54B)

Alabama (received CH-54B)

Connecticut (received CH-54B)

 

Specifications (CH-54B)

 

Crew: 3

Capacity: 20,000 lb (9,072 kg) payload

Length: 88 ft 6 in (26.97 m)

Height: 25 ft 5 in (7.75 m)

Empty weight: 19,800 lb (8,981 kg)

Max takeoff weight: 47,000 lb (21,319 kg)

Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney T73-P-700 turboshaft engines, 4,800 shp (3,600 kW) each

Main rotor diameter: 72 ft 0 in (21.95 m)

Main rotor area: 4,071.5 sq ft (378.25 m2) * Blade section: – NACA 0011 mod

Performance

 

Maximum speed: 130 kn (150 mph, 240 km/h)

Cruise speed: 100 kn (120 mph, 190 km/h)

Range: 200 nmi (230 mi, 370 km)

Rate of climb: 1,330 ft/min (6.8 m/s)

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Das Pima Air & Space Museum (umgangssprachlich kurz: PASM) befindet sich im Südosten von Tucson, Arizona, USA am südlichen Ende der Start- und Landebahn der Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.

 

Auf einer Fläche von rund 320.000 m² werden rund 300, fast ausschließlich militärische Flugzeuge ausgestellt; diese verteilen sich einerseits auf eine Anzahl von Hangars und ähnliche Ausstellungshallen, andererseits auf das weitläufige Außengelände. Nördlich angrenzend befinden sich die Davis-Monthan Air Force Base sowie die 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (kurz: AMARG) mit ihren mehreren Tausend eingelagerten militärischen Flugzeugen; diese Einrichtungen sind nicht Teil des PASM.

 

Die Liste der ausgestellten Flugzeuge ist mit rund 300 sehr umfangreich; teils handelt es sich um die letzten erhalten gebliebenen Exemplare, selten auch um Unikate. Auf Grund der intensiven Sonneneinstrahlung im Süden Arizonas ist insbesondere bei den Ausstellungsstücken im Außenbereich eine sonnenbedingte Verwitterung von Lackierungen, Kunststoffen und Gummi zu erwarten.

 

Das PASM ist Ansprechpartner und Organisator für Besuchertouren über das Gelände der AMARG.

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Der Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe (Tarhe: Kranich im indianischen Dialekt der Wyandot-Indianer, engl. cargo helicopter) ist ein turbinengetriebener Transporthubschrauber aus US-amerikanischer Produktion. Hergestellt von der Firma Sikorsky, hatte er am 9. Mai 1962 seinen Erstflug. Das Modell hat seinen Ursprung im zivilen Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane.

 

Geschichte des Hubschraubers

 

Der Prototyp mit der Bezeichnung S-60 – Erstflug am 28. März 1959 – mit einer Nutzlast von 5.445 kg stürzte im Jahre 1961 ab. Die S-60-Maschine basierte in ihren grundlegenden Bauteilen auf der Sikorsky S-56.

 

Da dieser Typ ursprünglich auch für die deutsche Bundeswehr produziert werden sollte, wurden die beiden folgenden Exemplare von dieser getestet. Die Prototypen waren mit zwei Turbinen des Typs Pratt & Whitney JFTD12-4A mit jeweils 3.020 kW (4.107 PS) ausgerüstet. Geliefert wurden diese beiden Versuchsmuster von Sikorsky an die Firma Weser Flugzeugbau, diese entwickelte die Maschinen weiter, daher erhielten die beiden Exemplare auch die Bezeichnung WFS-64A. Es erfolgten jedoch keine Aufträge aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die S-64 an die Firma Sikorsky. Ein Weser-Skycrane stand im Sommer 1964 für die SBB in der Schweiz im Einsatz, um im Gotthardgebiet Bohrmaterial für geologische Bohrungen auf Gebirgsbaustellen zu fliegen.

 

Die US-Armee bestellte im Juni 1963 zunächst sechs Exemplare des Hubschraubers. Insgesamt wurden etwa 60 Maschinen des Typs CH-54A produziert.

 

Die Nachfolgeversion CH-54B wurde mit den Wellenturbinen Pratt & Whitney T73-700 mit je 3.579 kW (4.867 PS) ausgestattet.

 

Die meisten dieser Hubschrauber wurden während des Vietnamkrieges von den USA – bei der 478. und der 291. Aviation Company – eingesetzt, mit der Hauptaufgabe, Lasten bis über elf Tonnen zu transportieren, zum Beispiel Lastkraftwagen, Feldlazarette, kleine Schiffe, Flugzeuge, andere Hubschrauber, komplette Werkstätten und Truppen. Bei einem Sondereinsatz warf ein Skycrane zur Schaffung einer Landezone in einem Waldgebiet auch eine 4.536-kg-M121-Bombe ab.

 

Die enorme Tragkraft konnte durch das Konzept mit zwei Turbinen vom Typ Pratt & Whitney T73 P-1 erreicht werden, die jeweils eine Leistung von 3.356 kW (4.564 PS) entwickelten.

 

Wegen des großen Abstandes der Pilotenkanzel vom Hauptrotor und dem Steuerrotor am Heck wurde der Hubschrauber mit einer hydraulischen Übertragung der Steuerbefehle an die Rotoren ausgestattet, die nur so weitgehend spielfrei und reibungsarm arbeiten konnte.

 

Da dieser Hubschrauber ursprünglich nicht für die Armee, sondern den zivilen Gebrauch entwickelt worden war, waren die Rotor-Antriebswellen unverkleidet. Dies erlaubte eine wesentlich leichtere Wartung und Instandsetzung. Aufgrund seiner Hochbeinigkeit und der Abmessungen konnte der Skycrane über den meisten seiner zu tragenden Lasten stehen.

 

Ein Universal Military Container mit den Maßen 8,36 m Länge, 2,89 m Breite und 1,98 m Höhe passte exakt unter den CH-54.

 

Um den Piloten zu unterstützen und die Traglasten besser kontrollieren zu können, hatte der S-64 an der Rückseite seiner Pilotenkanzel ein großes Fenster, von dem aus ein drittes Besatzungsmitglied – der sogenannte Kranführer – den Hubschrauber beim Aufnehmen und Absetzen steuern sowie während des Fluges die Last beaufsichtigten konnte.

 

Die Lasten wurden entweder in austauschbaren Lastenbehältern oder an Stahltrossen transportiert. Einige dieser Hubschrauber wurden auch mit Kufen ausgerüstet, was zum Beispiel Landungen auf Eisflächen ermöglichte.

 

Insgesamt erhielt die US Army im Zeitraum von 1964 bis 1972 97 Tarhe-Hubschrauber. Gegen Ende der Dienstzeit wurden sie durch Tandemrotor-Hubschrauber des Typs Boeing Vertol CH-47 ersetzt. Zuletzt waren nur noch Einheiten der Nationalgarde mit Maschinen dieses Typs ausgerüstet. Im Jahre 1993 endete die militärische Dienstzeit für den CH-54.

 

Erwähnenswert ist der Rekordflug einer Sikorsky CH-54B im Jahre 1972 auf 11.200 m Höhe, der jedoch im gleichen Jahr vom Franzosen Jean Boulet mit einer SA-315 „Lama“ auf 12.442 m verbessert und erst 2002 von Frédéric North mit einem Eurocopter AS 350 weiter auf 12.954 m gesteigert werden konnte.

 

Im Jahre 1992 verkaufte Sikorsky die Rechte am Skycrane an die Firma Erickson-Air-Crane Co in Oregon/USA. Dieses Unternehmen setzt die – in der zivilen Version als S-64 bezeichnete – Maschine als Lastenhubschrauber auf Großbaustellen und Ölfeldern, bei umfangreichen Waldarbeiten oder als Löschhubschrauber ein.

  

Varianten

 

YCH-54A

Vorserien-Hubschrauber, sechs Stück wurden gebaut.

CH-54A „Tarhe“

Die intern als S-64E bezeichnete Hubschraubervariante wurde in einer Serie von 54 Stück mit zwei 3.400-kW-Turbinen Pratt & Whitney T73-P-1 gebaut.

CH-54B „Tarhe“

Von dieser intern als S-64F bezeichneten stärkeren Variante der CH-54 wurden 37 Maschinen gefertigt. Im Vergleich zur CH-54A ist sie mit der 3.600 kW leistenden T-73-P-700-Turbine und Doppelbereifung am Hauptfahrwerk ausgestattet.

S-64E

Siehe CH-54A

S-64F

Siehe CH-54B

 

Militärische Nutzer

 

Vereinigte Staaten

US Army

 

Technische Daten

KenngrößeDaten des Sikorsky CH-54B

Besatzung3 Mann

Rumpflänge21,41 m

Höhe5,67 m

Hauptrotordurchmesser (6-Blatt-Rotor)21,95 m

Hauptrotorkreisfläche378,10 m²

Leermasse8.981 kg

max. Startmasse21.318 kg

Antrieb2 Wellenturbinen Pratt & Whitney T73-700

mit je 3.579 kW (4.867 PS)

Einsatzgeschwindigkeit169 km/h

Höchstgeschwindigkeit202 km/h

Dienstgipfelhöhe2.750 m

Reichweite vollgetankt

(mit 10 % Reserve)370 km

 

Sikorsky CH-54 in Museen

 

Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson/Arizona (USA)

United States Army Aviation Museum, Ozark/Alabama (USA)

 

(Wikipedia)

Although all the rooms of the Rone - Empire installation exhibition are amazing for many different reasons, there are two major standouts. The Study is one of them. It features walls of books covered with a portrait of Lily Sullivan, and the entire room is partially submerged in a lake of black water with the occasional red oak leaf floating across its glassy surface.

 

Melbourne based street artist Rone (Tyrone Wright) used the decaying glory of the 1933 Harry Norris designed Streamline Moderne mansion, Burnham Beeches in the Dandenong Ranges' Sherbrooke, between March the 6th and April 22nd to create an immersive hybrid art space for his latest installation exhibition; "Empire".

 

"Empire" combined a mixture of many different elements including art, sound, light, scent, found objects, botanic designs, objects from nature and music especially composed for the project by Nick Batterham. The Burnham Beeches project re-imagines and re-interprets the spirit of one of Victoria’s landmark mansions, seldom seen by the public and not accessed since the mid 1980s. According to Rone - Empire website; "viewers are invited to consider what remains - the unseen cultural, social, artistic and spiritual heritage which produces intangible meaning."

 

Rone was invited by the current owner of Burnham Beeches, restaurateur Shannon Bennett, to exhibit "Empire" during a six week interim period before renovations commence to convert the heritage listed mansion into a select six star hotel.

 

Rone initially imagined the mansion to be in a state of dereliction, but found instead that it was a stripped back blank canvas for him to create his own version of how he thought it should look. Therefore, almost all the decay is in fact of Rone's creation from grasses in the Games Room which 'grow' next to a rotting billiards table, to the damp patches, water staining and smoke damage on the ceilings. Nests of leaves fill some spaces, whilst tree branches and in one case an entire avenue of boughs sprout from walls and ceilings. Especially designed Art Deco wallpaper created in Rone's studio has been installed on the walls before being distressed and damaged. The rooms have been adorned with furnishings and objects that might once have graced the twelve original rooms of Burnham Beeches: bulbulous club sofas, half round Art Deco tables, tarnished silverware and their canteen, mirrored smoke stands of chrome and Bakelite, glass lamps, English dinner services, a glass drinks trolley, photos of people long forgotten in time, walnut veneer dressing tables reflecting the installation sometimes in triplicate, old wire beadsteads, luggage, shelves of books, an Underwood typewriter, a John Broadwood and Sons of London grand piano and even a Kriesler radiogramme. All these objects were then covered in a thick sheet or light sprinkling of 'dust' made of many different things including coffee grinds and talcum powder, creating a sensation for the senses. Burnham Beeches resonated with a ghostly sense of its former grandeur, with a whiff of bittersweet romance.

 

Throughout the twelve rooms, magnificent and beautifully haunting floor-to-ceiling and wall-to-wall portraits of Australian actress Lily Sullivan, star of the Foxtel re-make of Picnic at Hanging Rock, appear. Larger than life, each portrait is created in different colours, helping to create seasonal shifts as you move from room to room.

 

Although all the rooms are amazing for many different reasons, there are two major standouts. The Study is one. The Dining Room features two long tables covered in a Miss Havisham like feast of a trove of dinner table objects from silverware and glassware to empty oyster shells and vases of grasses and feathers.

 

The Dining Room installation I found especially confronting. In 1982, I visited Burnham Beeches when it was a smart and select hotel and had Devonshire tea in the dining room at a table alongside the full length windows overlooking the terraces below. I was shocked to see a room I remember appointed with thick carpets and tables covered in gleaming silver and white napery, strewn with dust and leaves, and adorned with Miss Havisham's feast of found dining objects.

 

I feel very honoured and privileged to be amongst the far too few people fortunate enough to have seen Rone's "Empire", as like the seasons, it is ephemeral, and it will already have been dismantled. Rone's idea is that, like his street art, things he creates don't last forever, and that made the project exciting. I hope that my photographs do justice to, and adequately share as much as is possible of this amazing installation with you.

 

Die lebensgroßen Stifterfiguren sind ein Meisterwerk des Naumburger Meisters, dessen Name nicht überliefert ist, geschaffen um die Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren die Stifter jedoch schon 200 Jahre tot. Es handelt sich also trotz aller individuellen Züge der Skulpturen nicht um reale Porträts der dargestellten Personen.

 

The life-size statues of the founders are a masterpiece by the Naumburg master, whose name has not been handed down, created around the middle of the 13th century. At that time, however, the founders had already been dead for 200 years. So despite all the individual features of the sculptures, they are not real portraits of the persons depicted.

Der heute evangelische Naumburger Dom St. Peter und Paul in Naumburg (Saale) ist die ehemalige Kathedrale des Bistums Naumburg und stammt größtenteils aus der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts. Er gehört zu den bedeutendsten Bauwerken der Spätromanik in Sachsen-Anhalt und ist seit 2018 UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe.

Der Naumburger Dom ist eine Doppelchoranlage – d. h. mit je einem Chor an beiden Schmalseiten. Der berühmte Westchor entstand in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts und ist mit dem West-Lettner und den Stifterfiguren aus der Werkstatt des Naumburger Meisters eines der wichtigsten Bauwerke der Frühgotik. Der Ostchor entstand um 1330, als die spätromanische Apsis durch ein hochgotisches, querrechteckiges Chorjoch ersetzt wurde. Auf den Strebepfeilern am Chorscheitel und südlich daneben wurden die seither mehrfach restaurierten bzw. erneuerten überlebensgroßen Figuren der Patrone des Domes aufgestellt. Von hohem künstlerischem Wert sind die Glasmalereien in den Fenstern, die zum Teil aus der Bauzeit des Chores stammen. Sie zeigen die klugen und törichten Jungfrauen, die Tugenden und Propheten, während die Passion, Marienszenen, Apostel und Propheten auf ebenfalls sehr qualitätsvollen Scheiben aus dem ersten Drittel des 15. Jahrhunderts dargestellt sind.

Eine Kuriosität ist die Darstellung zweier schachspielender Affen in einem Kapitell an der Nordwand des Ostchores Der Ost-Lettner ist das älteste erhaltene Beispiel eines Hallenlettners. Er wurde im Zuge des spätromanischen Domneubaus um 1230 errichtet. Im mittleren Joch der Lettnerhalle steht ein Altar aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, seitlich führen steile Treppen durch zwei kleine Pforten zum Chor hinauf. Das Bistum Naumburg wurde 1564 aufgelöst. Seither ist der Dom kein Bischofssitz mehr.

 

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naumburger_Dom

  

The Cathedral of SS Peter and Paul, nowadays a protestant church, is the former Cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Naumburg and dates mainly from the first half of the 13th century. It counts among the most importante late Romanesquie building in Saxony-Anhalt and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2018.

Naumburg Cathedral has a twin choir layout, meaning that it has a choir at both ends of the nave. The famous West Choir was built in the second half of the 13th century, counting among the most important early Gothic buildings with the west rood screen and the founder statues created in the workshop of the Naumburg Master whose name is not known. The East Choir was built arouund 1330, when the late Romanesque apse was substituted by a high Gothic transverse rectangular choir vault. The greater-than-life sculptures of the Cathedral’s patrons were place on the inner side of the buttresses in the vertex of the choir and south of it. In the course of time they have been restored or substituted more than once. The stained glass paintings of the windows, some of which dating from the time when the choir was built are of immense artistic value. They show the wise and foolish virgins, the virtues and the prophets. The passion of Christ, marianic scenes, apostles and prophets can be seen in stained glass window panes from the first third of the 15th century. A capital at the east choir’s north wall offers a very special curiositiy showing two chess playing monkeys. The east rood screen is the oldest preserved specimen of a hall rood screen. It was erected in the course of the construction of the new late Romanesque Cathedral around 1230. An altar from the 19th century stands in the centre vault of the hall rood screen. At the side, steep stairs lead up to the choir through two small gates. The bishopric of Naumburg was dissolved in 1564. Since then, the cathedral has no longer been a bishop's seat.

 

Translated from the German Wikipedia text.

The Holländisches Viertel (Dutch Quarter) features a picturesque cluster of 134 gabled red-brick houses, and was built around 1730 for Dutch workers invited to Potsdam by Friedrich Wilhelm I.

The entire district has been restored and gentrified beautifully, and brims with galleries, boutiques, restaurants and cafés. @deinpotsdam

"Ichabod" is based on the ghost story by Washington Irving; "Mr. Toad" is a free adaptation of Kenneth Grahame's classic, THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS.

 

This enjoyable 1949 release marked the end of Disney's anthology features of the 1940s and paved the way for CINDERELLA. ALICE IN WONDERLAND, PETER PAN, and other '50s features.

 

The Headless Horseman chase is brilliantly animated!

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ATLANTA, GEORGIA - OCTOBER 26: Kim "Deft" Hyuk-kyu of DRX poses at the League of Legends World Championship Semifinals Features Day on October 26, 2022 in Atlanta, GA. (Photo by Fernando Decillis/Riot Games)

NASA image acquired November 7, 2011 18:00 UTC

 

On November 7, 2011 The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flew over the Bahamas and captured the formation of Tropical Storm Sean (19L) midway between Bermuda and the Bahamas.

 

At 18:00 UTC, the time this image was captured, 19L was still a non-tropical low and was producing gale-force winds. Clouds can be seen building over the Atlantic Ocean, and loosely forming the apostrophe-shape typical of a tropical storm. The Bahamas are located in the lower left of the image and Bermuda lies to the northeast of the storm, hidden under clouds.

 

The storm continued to strengthen, and by 9:00 UTC on November 8, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) issued the first advisory on Subtropical Storm Sean. At that time, the storm was stationary about 445 miles (720 kilometers) southwest of Bermuda with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Shortly afterwards, a Tropical Storm Watch was issued for Bermuda, and by that evening, Sean had officially reached Tropical Storm status, with maximum sustained winds of about 50 mph (80 km/h).

 

On November 9 at 3:00 UTC the National Weather service reported that the storm had changed little, and was crawling westward at 3 mph. Sean is expected to strengthen slightly by November 10, then will move into cooler waters should cause the storm to weakening, then to dissipate within the next 36 hours.

 

Satellite: MODIS/Aqua

 

Credit: NASA/GSFC/Jeff Schmaltz/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team

 

NASA image use policy.

 

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.

 

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SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA - NOVEMBER 02: Lee "Gumayusi" Min-hyeong of T1 poses at the League of Legends World Championship Finals Features Day on November 2, 2022 in San Francisco, CA. (Photo by Lance Skundrich/Riot Games)

•Set includes a spring-loaded Spell Launcher with fiery shots, disguised as a craggy rock

•Push the button on the Frost Dragon’s back and make her head strike downward

ATLANTA, GEORGIA - OCTOBER 26: Choi "Zeus" Woo-je of T1 poses at the League of Legends World Championship Semifinals Features Day on October 26, 2022 in Atlanta, GA. (Photo by Fernando Decillis/Riot Games)

Earlier this week I posted a picture of the plants in our diningroom window and thought I’d show you a cool thing. The screen on that window developed a hole (don’t remember why) and when casting around for solutions to repair, I found this butterfly. It is a clear sticky patch and two magnets (one for inside and one for outside), so it covers the hole and stays in place. Cool- huh? Some creative problem solvers out there!

Family Reunion features interdimensional black shapes and symbols, which is one of Aaron De La Cruz’s signature designs. This piece was inspired by Aaron’s immediate family. The colored circles seen within the mural represent his mom, dad, brother, nephew, nieces, his wife and children. The six circular openings on the mural with no color represent his children, nieces, and nephew. Aaron imagined the color that would normally fill these openings coming off the wall and activate on the ground creating the six cylindrical sculptures. The six sculptures are their favorite colors and the height corresponds with their ages. Tony DeLap was a West Coast artist, known for his abstract sculpture utilizing illusionist techniques and meticulous craftsmanship.

 

Located at CANVAS by the Bristol Street entrance.

Story on the Blog!

Thank you.

Features

 

Cortapelos con cuchillas de titanio

Cuenta con la tecnología Dual Cut y función turbo

Tiene 24 posiciones longitud fáciles de seleccionar y bloquear de 0.5 mm a 23 mm

Con 90 minutos de uso sin cable después de una carga de 1 hora

   

maquinilladepelo.com/tienda/cabeza/philips/philips-hc5450...

Arches National Park is a national park in eastern Utah, United States. The park is adjacent to the Colorado River, 4 miles (6 km) north of Moab, Utah. More than 2,000 natural sandstone arches are located in the park, including the well-known Delicate Arch, as well as a variety of unique geological resources and formations. The park contains the highest density of natural arches in the world.

 

The park consists of 310.31 square kilometres (76,680 acres; 119.81 sq mi; 31,031 ha) of high desert located on the Colorado Plateau. The highest elevation in the park is 5,653 feet (1,723 m) at Elephant Butte, and the lowest elevation is 4,085 feet (1,245 m) at the visitor center. The park receives an average of less than 10 inches (250 mm) of rain annually.

 

Administered by the National Park Service, the area was originally named a national monument on April 12, 1929, and was re designated as a national park on November 12, 1971. The park received more than 1.6 million visitors in 2018.

 

As stated in the foundation document in U.S. National Park Service website:

 

The purpose of Arches National Park is to protect extraordinary examples of geologic features including arches, natural bridges, windows, spires, and balanced rocks, as well as other features of geologic, historic, and scientific interest, and to provide opportunities to experience these resources and their associated values in their majestic natural settings.

 

The national park lies above an underground evaporite layer or salt bed, which is the main cause of the formation of the arches, spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths in the area. This salt bed is thousands of feet thick in places and was deposited in the Paradox Basin of the Colorado Plateau some 300 million years ago (Mya) when a sea flowed into the region and eventually evaporated. Over millions of years, the salt bed was covered with debris eroded from the Uncompahgre Uplift to the northeast. During the Early Jurassic (about 200 Mya), desert conditions prevailed in the region and the vast Navajo Sandstone was deposited. An additional sequence of stream laid and windblown sediments, the Entrada Sandstone (about 140 Mya), was deposited on top of the Navajo. Over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) of younger sediments were deposited and have been mostly eroded. Remnants of the cover exist in the area including exposures of the Cretaceous Mancos Shale. The arches of the area are developed mostly within the Entrada formation.

 

The weight of this cover caused the salt bed below it to liquefy and thrust up layers of rock into salt domes. The evaporites of the area formed more unusual "salt anticlines" or linear regions of uplift. Faulting occurred and whole sections of rock subsided into the areas between the domes. In some places, they turned almost on edge. The result of one such 2,500-foot (760 m) displacement, the Moab Fault, is seen from the visitor center.

 

As this subsurface movement of salt shaped the landscape, erosion removed the younger rock layers from the surface. Except for isolated remnants, the major formations visible in the park today are the salmon-colored Entrada Sandstone, in which most of the arches form, and the buff-colored Navajo Sandstone. These are visible in layer-cake fashion throughout most of the park. Over time, water seeped into the surface cracks, joints, and folds of these layers. Ice formed in the fissures, expanding and putting pressure on surrounding rock, breaking off bits and pieces. Winds later cleaned out the loose particles. A series of free-standing fins remained. Wind and water attacked these fins until, in some, the cementing material gave way and chunks of rock tumbled out. Many damaged fins collapsed. Others, with the right degree of hardness and balance, survived despite their missing sections. These became the famous arches.

 

Although the park's terrain may appear rugged and durable, it is extremely fragile. More than 1 million visitors each year threaten the fragile high-desert ecosystem. The problem lies within the soil's crust, which is composed of cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens that grow in the dusty parts of the park. Factors that make Arches National Park sensitive to visitor damage include being a semiarid region, the scarce, unpredictable rainfall, lack of deep freezing, and lack of plant litter, which results in soils that have both a low resistance to and slow recovery from, compressional forces such as foot traffic. Methods of indicating effects on the soil are cytophobic soil crust index, measuring of water infiltration, and t-tests that are used to compare the values from the undisturbed and disturbed areas.

 

Geological processes that occurred over 300 million years ago caused a salt bed to be deposited, which today lies beneath the landscape of Arches National Park.[ Over time, the salt bed was covered with sediments that eventually compressed into rock layers that have since been named Entrada Standstone. Rock layers surrounding the edge of the salt bed continued to erode and shift into vertical sandstone walls called fins. Sand collected between vertical walls of the fins, then slightly acidic rain combined with carbon dioxide in the air allowed for the chemical formation of carbonic acid within the trapped sand. Over time, the carbonic acid dissolved the calcium carbonate that held the sandstone together. Many of the rock formations have weaker layers of rock on bottom that are holding stronger layers on top. The weaker layers would dissolve first, creating openings in the rock. Gravity caused pieces of the stronger rock layer to fall piece by piece into an arch shape. Arches form within rock fins at points of intense fracturing localization, or weak points in the rock's formation, caused by horizontal and vertical discontinuities. Lastly, water, wind, and time continued this erosion process and ultimately created the arches of Arches National Park. All of the arches in the park are made of Entrada Sandstone, however, there are slight differences in how each arch was developed. This allows the Entrada Sandstone to be categories into 3 groups including Slick rock members, Dewey rock members, and Moab members. Vertical arches can be developed from Slick rock members, a combination of Slick rock members and Moab members, or Slick rock members resting above Dewey rock members. Horizontal arches (also called potholes) are formed when a vertical pothole formation meets a horizontal cave, causing a union into a long arch structure. The erosion process within Arches National Park will continue as time continues to pass. Continued erosion combined with vertical and horizontal stress will eventually cause arches to collapse, but still, new arches will continue to form for thousands of years.

 

Humans have occupied the region since the last ice age 10,000 years ago. Fremont people and Ancestral Puebloans lived in the area until about 700 years ago. Spanish missionaries encountered Ute and Paiute tribes in the area when they first came through in 1775, but the first European-Americans to attempt settlement in the area were the Mormon Elk Mountain Mission in 1855, who soon abandoned the area. Ranchers, farmers, and prospectors later settled Moab in the neighboring Riverine Valley in the late 1870s. Word of the beauty of the surrounding rock formations spread beyond the settlement as a possible tourist destination.

 

The Arches area was first brought to the attention of the National Park Service by Frank A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Wadleigh, accompanied by railroad photographer George L. Beam, visited the area in September 1923 at the invitation of Alexander Ringhoffer, a Hungarian-born prospector living in Salt Valley. Ringhoffer had written to the railroad to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son-in-law, which he called the Devils Garden (known today as the Klondike Bluffs). Wadleigh was impressed by what Ringhoffer showed him, and suggested to Park Service director Stephen T. Mather that the area be made a national monument.

 

The following year, additional support for the monument idea came from Laurence Gould, a University of Michigan graduate student (and future polar explorer) studying the geology of the nearby La Sal Mountains, who was shown the scenic area by local physician Dr. J. W. "Doc" Williams.

 

A succession of government investigators examined the area, in part due to confusion as to the precise location. In the process, the name Devils Garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of Salt Valley that includes Landscape Arch, the longest arch in the park. Ringhoffer's original discovery was omitted, while another area nearby, known locally as the Windows, was included. Designation of the area as a national monument was supported by the Park Service in 1926 but was resisted by President Calvin Coolidge's Interior Secretary, Hubert Work. Finally, in April 1929, shortly after his inauguration, President Herbert Hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating the Arches National Monument, consisting of two comparatively small, disconnected sections. The purpose of the reservation under the 1906 Antiquities Act was to protect the arches, spires, balanced rocks, and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value. The name Arches was suggested by Frank Pinkely, superintendent of the Park Service's southwestern national monuments, following a visit to the Windows section in 1925.

 

In late 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation that enlarged the Arches to protect additional scenic features and permit the development of facilities to promote tourism. A small adjustment was made by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1960 to accommodate a new road alignment.

 

In early 1969, just before leaving office, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a proclamation substantially enlarging the Arches. Two years later, President Richard Nixon signed legislation enacted by Congress, which significantly reduced the total area enclosed, but changed its status. Arches National Park was formally dedicated in May 1972.

 

In 1980, vandals attempted to use an abrasive kitchen cleanser to deface ancient petroglyphs in the park, prompting park officials to recruit physicist John F. Asmus, who specialized in using lasers to restore works of art, to use his technology to repair the damage. Asmus "zapped the panel with intense light pulses and succeeded in removing most of the cleanser".

 

Climbing Balanced Rock or any named or unnamed arch in Arches National Park with an opening larger than 3 ft (0.9 m) is banned by park regulations. Climbing on other features in the park is allowed but regulated; in addition, slacklining and BASE jumping are banned parkwide.

 

Climbing on named arches within the park had long been banned by park regulations, but following Dean Potter's successful free climb on Delicate Arch in May 2006, the wording of the regulations was deemed unenforceable by the park attorney. In response, the park revised its regulations later that month, eventually imposing the current ban on arch climbing in 2014.

 

Approved recreational activities include auto touring, hiking, bicycling, camping at the Devils Garden campground, backpacking, canyoneering, and rock climbing, with permits required for the last three activities. Guided commercial tours and ranger programs are also available.

 

Astronomy is also popular in the park due to its dark skies, despite the increasing light pollution from towns such as Moab.

 

Delicate Arch is the subject of the third 2014 quarter of the U.S. Mint's America the Beautiful Quarters program commemorating national parks and historic sites. The Arches quarter had the highest production of the five 2014 national park quarters, with more than 465 million minted.

 

American writer Edward Abbey was a park ranger at Arches National Monument in 1956 and 1957, where he kept journals that became his book Desert Solitaire. The success of Abbey's book, as well as interest in adventure travel, has drawn many hikers, mountain bikers, and off-pavement driving enthusiasts to the area. Permitted activities within the park include camping, hiking along designated trails, backpacking, canyoneering, rock climbing, bicycling, and driving along existing roads, both paved and unpaved. The Hayduke Trail, an 812 mi (1,307 km) backpacking route named after one of Edward Abbey's characters, begins in the park.

 

An abundance of wildlife occurs in Arches National Park, including spadefoot toads, antelope squirrels, scrub jays, peregrine falcons, many kinds of sparrows, red foxes, desert bighorn sheep, kangaroo rats, mule deers, cougars, midget faded rattlesnakes, yucca moths, western rattlesnakes, and collared lizards.

 

A number of plant species are common in the park, including prickly pear cactus, Indian ricegrass, bunch grasses, cheatgrass, moss, liverworts, Utah juniper, Mormon tea, blackbrush, cliffrose, four-winged saltbrush, pinyon pine, evening primrose, sand verbena, yucca, and sacred datura.

 

Biological soil crust consisting of cyanobacteria, lichen, mosses, green algae, and microfungi is found throughout southeastern Utah. The fibrous growths help keep soil particles together, creating a layer that is more resistant to erosion. The living soil layer readily absorbs and stores water, allowing more complex forms of plant life to grow in places with low precipitation levels.

 

Among the notable features of the park are the following:

Balanced Rock – a large balancing rock, the size of three school buses

Courthouse Towers – a collection of tall stone columns

Dark Angel – a free-standing 150 ft-tall (46 m) sandstone pillar at the end of the Devils Garden Trail

Delicate Arch – a lone-standing arch that has become a symbol of Utah and the most recognized arch in the park

Devils Garden – many arches and columns scattered along a ridge

Double Arch – two arches that share a common end

Fiery Furnace – an area of maze-like narrow passages and tall rock columns (see biblical reference, Book of Daniel, chapter 3)

Landscape Arch – a very thin and long arch in the Devils Garden with a span of 290 ft (88 m) (the longest arch in the park)

Petrified Dunes – petrified remnants of dunes blown from the ancient lakes that covered the area

The Phallus – a rock spire that resembles a phallus

Wall Arch – located along the popular Devils Garden Trail; collapsed sometime on August 4/5, 2008

The Three Gossips –a mid-sized sandstone tower located in the Courthouse Towers area.

 

Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Colorado to its east, Wyoming to its northeast, Idaho to its north, Arizona to its south, and Nevada to its west. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents. Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.

 

Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo, and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region's difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah's earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States via the Mormon Trail. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.

 

People from Utah are known as Utahns. Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City; Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church. A 2023 paper challenged this perception (claiming only 42% of Utahns are Mormons) however most statistics still show a majority of Utah residents belong to the LDS church; estimates from the LDS church suggests 60.68% of Utah's population belongs to the church whilst some sources put the number as high as 68%. The paper replied that membership count done by the LDS Church is too high for several reasons. The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life, though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.

 

Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, multi-level marketing, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000, with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure. It has the 12th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Utah's water security and impacting the state's economy.

 

The History of Utah is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Utah located in the western United States.

 

Archaeological evidence dates the earliest habitation of humans in Utah to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Paleolithic people lived near the Great Basin's swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, birds, and small game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to these water sources. Over the centuries, the mega-fauna died, this population was replaced by the Desert Archaic people, who sheltered in caves near the Great Salt Lake. Relying more on gathering than the previous Utah residents, their diet was mainly composed of cattails and other salt tolerant plants such as pickleweed, burro weed and sedge. Red meat appears to have been more of a luxury, although these people used nets and the atlatl to hunt water fowl, ducks, small animals and antelope. Artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, and animal figures made from split-twigs. About 3,500 years ago, lake levels rose and the population of Desert Archaic people appears to have dramatically decreased. The Great Basin may have been almost unoccupied for 1,000 years.

 

The Fremont culture, named from sites near the Fremont River in Utah, lived in what is now north and western Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado from approximately 600 to 1300 AD. These people lived in areas close to water sources that had been previously occupied by the Desert Archaic people, and may have had some relationship with them. However, their use of new technologies define them as a distinct people. Fremont technologies include:

 

use of the bow and arrow while hunting,

building pithouse shelters,

growing maize and probably beans and squash,

building above ground granaries of adobe or stone,

creating and decorating low-fired pottery ware,

producing art, including jewelry and rock art such as petroglyphs and pictographs.

 

The ancient Puebloan culture, also known as the Anasazi, occupied territory adjacent to the Fremont. The ancestral Puebloan culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, including the San Juan River region of Utah. Archaeologists debate when this distinct culture emerged, but cultural development seems to date from about the common era, about 500 years before the Fremont appeared. It is generally accepted that the cultural peak of these people was around the 1200 CE. Ancient Puebloan culture is known for well constructed pithouses and more elaborate adobe and masonry dwellings. They were excellent craftsmen, producing turquoise jewelry and fine pottery. The Puebloan culture was based on agriculture, and the people created and cultivated fields of maize, beans, and squash and domesticated turkeys. They designed and produced elaborate field terracing and irrigation systems. They also built structures, some known as kivas, apparently designed solely for cultural and religious rituals.

 

These two later cultures were roughly contemporaneous, and appear to have established trading relationships. They also shared enough cultural traits that archaeologists believe the cultures may have common roots in the early American Southwest. However, each remained culturally distinct throughout most of their existence. These two well established cultures appear to have been severely impacted by climatic change and perhaps by the incursion of new people in about 1200 CE. Over the next two centuries, the Fremont and ancient Pueblo people may have moved into the American southwest, finding new homes and farmlands in the river drainages of Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.

 

In about 1200, Shoshonean speaking peoples entered Utah territory from the west. They may have originated in southern California and moved into the desert environment due to population pressure along the coast. They were an upland people with a hunting and gathering lifestyle utilizing roots and seeds, including the pinyon nut. They were also skillful fishermen, created pottery and raised some crops. When they first arrived in Utah, they lived as small family groups with little tribal organization. Four main Shoshonean peoples inhabited Utah country. The Shoshone in the north and northeast, the Gosiutes in the northwest, the Utes in the central and eastern parts of the region and the Southern Paiutes in the southwest. Initially, there seems to have been very little conflict between these groups.

 

In the early 16th century, the San Juan River basin in Utah's southeast also saw a new people, the Díne or Navajo, part of a greater group of plains Athabaskan speakers moved into the Southwest from the Great Plains. In addition to the Navajo, this language group contained people that were later known as Apaches, including the Lipan, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apaches.

 

Athabaskans were a hunting people who initially followed the bison, and were identified in 16th-century Spanish accounts as "dog nomads". The Athabaskans expanded their range throughout the 17th century, occupying areas the Pueblo peoples had abandoned during prior centuries. The Spanish first specifically mention the "Apachu de Nabajo" (Navaho) in the 1620s, referring to the people in the Chama valley region east of the San Juan River, and north west of Santa Fe. By the 1640s, the term Navaho was applied to these same people. Although the Navajo newcomers established a generally peaceful trading and cultural exchange with the some modern Pueblo peoples to the south, they experienced intermittent warfare with the Shoshonean peoples, particularly the Utes in eastern Utah and western Colorado.

 

At the time of European expansion, beginning with Spanish explorers traveling from Mexico, five distinct native peoples occupied territory within the Utah area: the Northern Shoshone, the Goshute, the Ute, the Paiute and the Navajo.

 

The Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado may have crossed into what is now southern Utah in 1540, when he was seeking the legendary Cíbola.

 

A group led by two Spanish Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the California coast. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. All of what is now Utah was claimed by the Spanish Empire from the 1500s to 1821 as part of New Spain (later as the province Alta California); and subsequently claimed by Mexico from 1821 to 1848. However, Spain and Mexico had little permanent presence in, or control of, the region.

 

Fur trappers (also known as mountain men) including Jim Bridger, explored some regions of Utah in the early 19th century. The city of Provo was named for one such man, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah is named for a brigade leader of the Hudson's Bay Company, Peter Skene Ogden who trapped in the Weber Valley. In 1846, a year before the arrival of members from the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints, the ill-fated Donner Party crossed through the Salt Lake valley late in the season, deciding not to stay the winter there but to continue forward to California, and beyond.

 

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as Mormon pioneers, first came to the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. At the time, the U.S. had already captured the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico in the Mexican–American War and planned to keep them, but those territories, including the future state of Utah, officially became United States territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 10, 1848.

 

Upon arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormon pioneers found no permanent settlement of Indians. Other areas along the Wasatch Range were occupied at the time of settlement by the Northwestern Shoshone and adjacent areas by other bands of Shoshone such as the Gosiute. The Northwestern Shoshone lived in the valleys on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake and in adjacent mountain valleys. Some years after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley Mormons, who went on to colonize many other areas of what is now Utah, were petitioned by Indians for recompense for land taken. The response of Heber C. Kimball, first counselor to Brigham Young, was that the land belonged to "our Father in Heaven and we expect to plow and plant it." A 1945 Supreme Court decision found that the land had been treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone had been recognized by the United States or extinguished by treaty with the United States.

 

Upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons had to make a place to live. They created irrigation systems, laid out farms, built houses, churches, and schools. Access to water was crucially important. Almost immediately, Brigham Young set out to identify and claim additional community sites. While it was difficult to find large areas in the Great Basin where water sources were dependable and growing seasons long enough to raise vitally important subsistence crops, satellite communities began to be formed.

 

Shortly after the first company arrived in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, the community of Bountiful was settled to the north. In 1848, settlers moved into lands purchased from trapper Miles Goodyear in present-day Ogden. In 1849, Tooele and Provo were founded. Also that year, at the invitation of Ute chief Wakara, settlers moved into the Sanpete Valley in central Utah to establish the community of Manti. Fillmore, Utah, intended to be the capital of the new territory, was established in 1851. In 1855, missionary efforts aimed at western native cultures led to outposts in Fort Lemhi, Idaho, Las Vegas, Nevada and Elk Mountain in east-central Utah.

 

The experiences of returning members of the Mormon Battalion were also important in establishing new communities. On their journey west, the Mormon soldiers had identified dependable rivers and fertile river valleys in Colorado, Arizona and southern California. In addition, as the men traveled to rejoin their families in the Salt Lake Valley, they moved through southern Nevada and the eastern segments of southern Utah. Jefferson Hunt, a senior Mormon officer of the Battalion, actively searched for settlement sites, minerals, and other resources. His report encouraged 1851 settlement efforts in Iron County, near present-day Cedar City. These southern explorations eventually led to Mormon settlements in St. George, Utah, Las Vegas and San Bernardino, California, as well as communities in southern Arizona.

 

Prior to establishment of the Oregon and California trails and Mormon settlement, Indians native to the Salt Lake Valley and adjacent areas lived by hunting buffalo and other game, but also gathered grass seed from the bountiful grass of the area as well as roots such as those of the Indian Camas. By the time of settlement, indeed before 1840, the buffalo were gone from the valley, but hunting by settlers and grazing of cattle severely impacted the Indians in the area, and as settlement expanded into nearby river valleys and oases, indigenous tribes experienced increasing difficulty in gathering sufficient food. Brigham Young's counsel was to feed the hungry tribes, and that was done, but it was often not enough. These tensions formed the background to the Bear River massacre committed by California Militia stationed in Salt Lake City during the Civil War. The site of the massacre is just inside Preston, Idaho, but was generally thought to be within Utah at the time.

 

Statehood was petitioned for in 1849-50 using the name Deseret. The proposed State of Deseret would have been quite large, encompassing all of what is now Utah, and portions of Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico and California. The name of Deseret was favored by the LDS leader Brigham Young as a symbol of industry and was derived from a reference in the Book of Mormon. The petition was rejected by Congress and Utah did not become a state until 1896, following the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895.

 

In 1850, the Utah Territory was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore (named after President Fillmore) was designated the capital. In 1856, Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital.

 

The first group of pioneers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery. Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with this first group in 1847. The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County. Slavery didn't become officially recognized until 1852, when the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners were passed. Slavery was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.

 

Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the federal government intensified after the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy became known. The polygamous practices of the Mormons, which were made public in 1854, would be one of the major reasons Utah was denied statehood until almost 50 years after the Mormons had entered the area.

 

After news of their polygamous practices spread, the members of the LDS Church were quickly viewed by some as un-American and rebellious. In 1857, after news of a possible rebellion spread, President James Buchanan sent troops on the Utah expedition to quell the growing unrest and to replace Brigham Young as territorial governor with Alfred Cumming. The expedition was also known as the Utah War.

 

As fear of invasion grew, Mormon settlers had convinced some Paiute Indians to aid in a Mormon-led attack on 120 immigrants from Arkansas under the guise of Indian aggression. The murder of these settlers became known as the Mountain Meadows massacre. The Mormon leadership had adopted a defensive posture that led to a ban on the selling of grain to outsiders in preparation for an impending war. This chafed pioneers traveling through the region, who were unable to purchase badly needed supplies. A disagreement between some of the Arkansas pioneers and the Mormons in Cedar City led to the secret planning of the massacre by a few Mormon leaders in the area. Some scholars debate the involvement of Brigham Young. Only one man, John D. Lee, was ever convicted of the murders, and he was executed at the massacre site.

 

Express riders had brought the news 1,000 miles from the Missouri River settlements to Salt Lake City within about two weeks of the army's beginning to march west. Fearing the worst as 2,500 troops (roughly 1/3rd of the army then) led by General Albert Sidney Johnston started west, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City and neighboring communities to prepare their homes for burning and evacuate southward to Utah Valley and southern Utah. Young also sent out a few units of the Nauvoo Legion (numbering roughly 8,000–10,000), to delay the army's advance. The majority he sent into the mountains to prepare defenses or south to prepare for a scorched earth retreat. Although some army wagon supply trains were captured and burned and herds of army horses and cattle run off no serious fighting occurred. Starting late and short on supplies, the United States Army camped during the bitter winter of 1857–58 near a burned out Fort Bridger in Wyoming. Through the negotiations between emissary Thomas L. Kane, Young, Cumming and Johnston, control of Utah territory was peacefully transferred to Cumming, who entered an eerily vacant Salt Lake City in the spring of 1858. By agreement with Young, Johnston established the army at Fort Floyd 40 miles away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.

 

Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, between Carson City, Nevada and Omaha, Nebraska completed in October 1861. Brigham Young, who had helped expedite construction, was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials. Soon after the telegraph line was completed, the Deseret Telegraph Company built the Deseret line connecting the settlements in the territory with Salt Lake City and, by extension, the rest of the United States.

 

Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory (and their fort auctioned off), leaving the territorial government in federal hands without army backing until General Patrick E. Connor arrived with the 3rd Regiment of California Volunteers in 1862. While in Utah, Connor and his troops soon became discontent with this assignment wanting to head to Virginia where the "real" fighting and glory was occurring. Connor established Fort Douglas just three miles (5 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his bored and often idle soldiers to go out and explore for mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the state. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County, and some miners began to come to the territory. Conner also solved the Shoshone Indian problem in Cache Valley Utah by luring the Shoshone into a midwinter confrontation on January 29, 1863. The armed conflict quickly turned into a rout, discipline among the soldiers broke down, and the Battle of Bear River is today usually referred to by historians as the Bear River Massacre. Between 200 and 400 Shoshone men, women and children were killed, as were 27 soldiers, with over 50 more soldiers wounded or suffering from frostbite.

 

Beginning in 1865, Utah's Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory's history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and Utah local militia.

 

On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake. The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the state, and several influential businessmen made fortunes in the territory.

 

Main article: Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century

During the 1870s and 1880s, federal laws were passed and federal marshals assigned to enforce the laws against polygamy. In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church leadership dropped its approval of polygamy citing divine revelation. When Utah applied for statehood again in 1895, it was accepted. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.

 

The Mormon issue made the situation for women the topic of nationwide controversy. In 1870 the Utah Territory, controlled by Mormons, gave women the right to vote. However, in 1887, Congress disenfranchised Utah women with the Edmunds–Tucker Act. In 1867–96, eastern activists promoted women's suffrage in Utah as an experiment, and as a way to eliminate polygamy. They were Presbyterians and other Protestants convinced that Mormonism was a non-Christian cult that grossly mistreated women. The Mormons promoted woman suffrage to counter the negative image of downtrodden Mormon women. With the 1890 Manifesto clearing the way for statehood, in 1895 Utah adopted a constitution restoring the right of women's suffrage. Congress admitted Utah as a state with that constitution in 1896.

 

Though less numerous than other intermountain states at the time, several lynching murders for alleged misdeeds occurred in Utah territory at the hand of vigilantes. Those documented include the following, with their ethnicity or national origin noted in parentheses if it was provided in the source:

 

William Torrington in Carson City (then a part of Utah territory), 1859

Thomas Coleman (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1866

3 unidentified men at Wahsatch, winter of 1868

A Black man in Uintah, 1869

Charles A. Benson in Logan, 1873

Ah Sing (Chinese man) in Corinne, 1874

Thomas Forrest in St. George, 1880

William Harvey (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1883

John Murphy in Park City, 1883

George Segal (Japanese man) in Ogden, 1884

Joseph Fisher in Eureka, 1886

Robert Marshall (Black man) in Castle Gate, 1925

Other lynchings in Utah territory include multiple instances of mass murder of Native American children, women, and men by White settlers including the Battle Creek massacre (1849), Provo River Massacre (1850), Nephi massacre (1853), and Circleville Massacre (1866).

 

Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah began to become known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes, and such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and "the Mittens" of Monument Valley are instantly recognizable to most national residents. During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.

 

Beginning in 1939, with the establishment of Alta Ski Area, Utah has become world-renowned for its skiing. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world. Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, and this has served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues scattered across the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. This also spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.

 

During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s, growth was phenomenal in the suburbs. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time, and West Valley City is the state's 2nd most populous city. Today, many areas of Utah are seeing phenomenal growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas.

 

In 2012, the State of Utah passed the Utah Transfer of Public Lands Act in an attempt to gain control over a substantial portion of federal land in the state from the federal government, based on language in the Utah Enabling Act of 1894. The State does not intend to use force or assert control by limiting access in an attempt to control the disputed lands, but does intend to use a multi-step process of education, negotiation, legislation, and if necessary, litigation as part of its multi-year effort to gain state or private control over the lands after 2014.

 

Utah families, like most Americans everywhere, did their utmost to assist in the war effort. Tires, meat, butter, sugar, fats, oils, coffee, shoes, boots, gasoline, canned fruits, vegetables, and soups were rationed on a national basis. The school day was shortened and bus routes were reduced to limit the number of resources used stateside and increase what could be sent to soldiers.

 

Geneva Steel was built to increase the steel production for America during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had proposed opening a steel mill in Utah in 1936, but the idea was shelved after a couple of months. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war and the steel plant was put into progress. In April 1944, Geneva shipped its first order, which consisted of over 600 tons of steel plate. Geneva Steel also brought thousands of job opportunities to Utah. The positions were hard to fill as many of Utah's men were overseas fighting. Women began working, filling 25 percent of the jobs.

 

As a result of Utah's and Geneva Steels contribution during the war, several Liberty Ships were named in honor of Utah including the USS Joseph Smith, USS Brigham Young, USS Provo, and the USS Peter Skene Ogden.

 

One of the sectors of the beachhead of Normandy Landings was codenamed Utah Beach, and the amphibious landings at the beach were undertaken by United States Army troops.

 

It is estimated that 1,450 soldiers from Utah were killed in the war.

ISTANBUL, TURKEY - AUGUST 27: Tomoaki "crow" Maruoka (L) and Koji "Laz" Ushida of Zeta Division pose at VALORANT Champions 2022 Istanbul Features Day on August 27, 2022 in Istanbul, Turkey. (Photo by Lance Skundrich/Riot Games)

REYKJAVIK, ICELAND - APRIL 7: Team ZETA DIVISION poses for the VALORANT Masters Features Day on April 7, 2022 in Reykjavik, Iceland. (Photo by Lance Skundrich/Riot Games)