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is a fortified tower located in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (along with the nearby Jerónimos Monastery) because of the significant role it played in the Portuguese maritime discoveries of the era of the Age of Discoveries. The tower was commissioned by King John II to be part of a defence system at the mouth of the Tagus river and a ceremonial gateway to Lisbon.
The tower was built in the early 16th century and is a prominent example of the Portuguese Manueline style, but it also incorporates hints of other architectural styles. The structure was built from lioz limestone and is composed of a bastion and a 30-metre (98.4 ft), four-storey tower. It has incorrectly been stated that the tower was built in the middle of the Tagus (Tejo) and now sits near the shore because the river was redirected after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. In fact, the tower was built on a small island in the Tagus River near the Lisbon shore.
source: Wikipedia
The fortified early Gothic church from the first half of the 14th century was built on the site of an older building. In the 15th century it was fortified with a wall and a wooden bell tower was built on the grounds in 1657. The single-nave space with a square-ended presbytery and a built-in sacristy has a painted cassette ceiling from 1758, the presbytery is characteristic by its rib vault. The mural paintings date back to the 60s of the 14th century and the creator of at least a part of them is the Master of Ochtiná presbytery. These interior frescoes were discovered in the early 20th century by I. Huszka who was restoring them in 1905. All the paintings, interior and exterior ones, were completely restored between 1983 and 1985 by J. Josefík, L. Székely and I. Žuch.
Within the almost intact medieval church, the murals have a uniquely strong impression and informative value, thanks to their scale and complexity of preservation. Thematically they focus on individual scenes from the Marian and the Passion cycle, but they do not have a uniform concept unlike the upper belt on the nave’s northern wall with a complete depiction of the St. Ladislaus legend.
Saint Pierre Toirac est un petit village plein de charme qui surplombe le Lot.
La splendide nature qui l’entoure, entre Causse et Vallée, s’enorgueillit d’une église romane fortifiée du XIIème siècle. Cet ancien village fortifié recèle quelques trésors cachés: de très anciennes maisons de pierre, parfois dotées de four à pain, la fontaine, le lavoir, la place aux Herbes (nom donné en raison de la présence dans le temps d’un apothicaire), de typiques pigeonniers du Quercy
Saint Pierre Toirac is a small charming village overlooking the Lot.
Surrounded by natural beauty between Causse and Valley, it boasts a fortified Romanesque church of the XII century. This fortified village has a few hidden treasures, Ancient stone houses, some with bread ovens, fountains, and lavoirs "laundries", the Place aux Herbes (name given because of the presence in time of an apothecary) typical pigeon houses of the Quercy
Dunster Castle is a former motte and bailey castle, now a country house owned by the National Trust, in the village of Dunster, near Minehead, Somerset, England.
The castle stands atop a steep hill called the Tor, and has been fortified since the late Anglo-Saxon period. The medieval castle walls were mostly destroyed following the siege of Dunster Castle at the end of the English Civil War. Remodelling work carried out by the architect Anthony Salvin extensively changed the appearance of Dunster Castle during Victorian times to make it appear more Gothic and Picturesque.
Explored 2018-08-23, #54
These old windows have seen in the past centuries pirate ships, sailboats, war ships and now these modern fast boats...
Time passes by, but the old windows are always there...
Taken in the ancient fortified village of Portovenere, Italy.
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This is a view on ribat (old fortified monastery). From the top of this tall tower was very nice view on the mosque and the sea.
Sousse is a city of Tunisia. Located 140 km south of Tunis. It is in the central-east of the country, on the Gulf of Hammamet, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
Sousse's character had Arabian look and feel it had assumed in the centuries after Islam's wars of conquest. Today it is considered one of the best examples of seaward-facing fortifications built by the Arabs. Its Ribat, a soaring structure that combined the purposes of a minaret and a watch tower, is in outstanding condition and draws visitors from around the world. Sousse is home to many resorts and fine sand beaches, backed by orchards and olive groves. Although Sousse is associated with olive oil making, this is far from being the only industry in the city. Tourism has become a central activity, with a lot of visitors every year coming to enjoy its fine hotels and restaurants, beaches and sports facilities, museums and the Medina (the old city). Medina, surrounded by its city walls and fortifications, includes open and covered bazaars (souks). Buildings of historical interest include the ribat castle, the central mosque, and a historical museum in the Casbah with mosaics from the area's many Roman villas. UNESCO declared the medina of Sousse a World Heritage Site in 1988.
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Medina (Stare Miasto) w Sousse. Widok na Ribat (klasztor obronny).
Sousse (Susa) jest trzecim pod względem wielkości miastem w Tunezji, znaczącym portem morskim i popularnym centrum turystycznym o typowej, orientalnej atmosferze. Jest to również jeden z najstarszych portów morskich na całym wybrzeżu Morza Śródziemnego, pamiętającym czasy wojen punickich. Miasto założone zostało przez Fenicjan, ale również za panowania Rzymian czy Arabów miało swoje lata świetności. Stara część miasta, Medina, która została wpisana na listę światowego dziedzictwa kultury UNESCO, otoczona jest murami miejskimi z IX wieku. W ich obrębie: Ribat, uważany za najstarszą budowlę islamu w Afryce północnej, wieża sygnalizacyjna Kasbah i targ regionalny "suk" bogato oferujący przedmioty tunezyjskiego rzemiosła artystycznego. Do miasta należy też port El-Kantoui, największy i najsłynniejszy port jachtowy w Tunezji.
View from Birgu to the landward fortifications of Senglea in Malta, also known as the St. Michael Battery, or the St. Michael's Cavalier (on the left), and the Sheer Bastion (known as Il-Macina). From here the Knights Hospitaller set-up wooden arms (sheerlegs) with which they could service their galleys. The Macina would be used for jobs such as the replacing of masts and assisted in the loading and unloading of guns, gun powder and cannon balls as well as supplies.
Senglea in Malta, one of the so-called Three Cities, stands on a narrow promontory jutting into Grand Harbour. The land was fortified in 1551 by Grand Master Claude de la Sengle.
The Maltese often use the area's earlier name, L-Isla. The heroic role played by its people during the Great Siege of 1565, led Grand Master Jean de la Valette to give the city the title of Citta' Invicta, the invincible city.
The arrival of the Ottoman Armada on the shores of Malta on 18th May 1565, signalled the begining of a harsh siege. The first target of the Turks was Fort St. Elmo, guarding the entrance to the harbours. Though the Knights Hospitaller offered valiant resistance, the fort capitulated on the 23rd June.
The Turkish leaders now turned their attention upon the other side of the harbour, especially on Senglea and Fort St. Michael. Their batteries, erected on Corradino Heights and Mount Sciberras (today's city of Valletta), pounded Senglea incessantly. Thousands of soldiers were also deployed during direct assaults on the fortifications, especially on the 15th and 30th July, and on the 7th and 30th August. But Fort St. Michael and Senglea stood firm in spite of devastating damages incurred.
During the Siege, on Fort St. Michael and the fortifications of Senglea, 51 Knights, 14 men-at-arms and 4 Conventual Chaplins lost their lives; together with many Senglea citizens of all ages, who faced the enemy shoulder to shoulder with the Knights.
The Ottoman forces, which lost 25,000 soldiers during the battles in Malta, called off the Siege on 8th September 1565.
Carcassonne is a fortified French town in the Aude department, of which it is the prefecture, in the Region of Occitanie.
Occupied since the Neolithic period, Carcassonne is located in the Aude plain between two major thoroughfares linking the Atlantic to the Mediterranean sea and the Massif Central to the Pyrénées. Its strategic importance was quickly recognized by the Romans who occupied its hilltop until the demise of the Western Roman Empire and was later taken over in the fifth century by the Visigoths who founded the city. Also thriving as a trading post due to its location, it saw many rulers who successively built up its fortifications, until its military significance was greatly reduced by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.
The city is famous for the Cité de Carcassonne, a medieval fortress restored by the theorist and architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1853 and added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997.
Merseburg, one of the oldest cities in central Germany, was made a royal palace in the 10th century. Its first mention in the 9th century as “Mersiburc civitas” indicates an existing fortified settlement. In fact, there has been ongoing settlement since the Neolithic period.
From the beginning with the founding of the diocese of Merseburg in 968 by King Otto I until the time of the Reformation, Merseburg was an important religious center. From 1656 to 1738, Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxony-Merseburg and from 1815 to 1933 it was the capital of the administrative district of the same name in the Prussian province of Saxony.
Merseburg is the place where the 9th and 10th centuries were found and stored. Merseburg magic spells from the 19th century.
IN ENGLISH BELOW THE LINE
Una corona muralis és un tipus de condecoració (i després decoració simbolica heraldica) consistent en una corona en forma de muralla. Aquí ho construiren de veritat.
monestir romanic de Sant Miquel de Fluvià no és molt conegut, però força interessant. Fou fundat el 1045, tot i que la església data del 1066. Era una dependencia de St. Miquel de Cuixà, i cap al s. XVII, a St. Pere de Galligans. Continuà com a monestir fins el 1835.
S'en conserva la magnifica església i campanar romanics, fortificats molt després, al s. XV. Com a part de la fortificació, s'excavà un fossat entorn l'església, esbentrant el claustre romanic pel bell mig. Actualment s'ha excavat i restaurat parcialment tant el claustre com el seu fossat destructor. El campanar mostra el que semblen impactes de projectils de setge a la part superior, pel que sí que sembla que serví com a fortificació, potser durant la guerra civil catalana.
www.monestirs.cat/monst/aemp/ae49fluv.htm
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A "corona muralis" or walled crown is a Roman condecoration and latter a heraldic element of a lot of city coats-of-arms. Here they really crowned with walls this apse.
The Romanesque monastery of Sant Miquel de Fluvià is not very well known, but quite interesting. It was founded in 1045, although the church dates from 1066. It was a dependency of St. Miquel de Cuixà abbey, and towards the s. XVII, of St. Peter of Galligans abbey. It continued as a monastery until 1835.
The magnificent Romanesque church and bell tower are the main remains of the abbey, fortified much later, in the XV Century. As part of the fortification, a moat was dug around the church, splitting and destroying the Romanesque cloister. Currently, both the cloister and its destructive moat have been excavated and partially restored. The bell tower shows what appear to be impacts from siege projectiles at the top, so it does seem to have served as a fortification, perhaps during the Catalan Civil War.
October 2022
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Bourdzi (with Venetian fortifications) in Nafplion harbor
July 1974
photo by Susan
4800 dpi scan of Kodachrome slide, Yashica TL 35mm SLR, 50 mm f/2.0 lens
The fortified evangelical church of Cincșor was built in the 14th century.
The settlement was first documented in 1377 in the papal tax lists (Rudbertus de Parvo Promotorio), the second mention being in 1434 when it appeared under the name of "Kyssenk". During the following centuries, Cincșor became a real bastion on the route of the Olt on the path of the migratory peoples, the Turks and the Tatars. The fortified church dates from this first period.
The church with a tower to the west was erected between 1421 and 1427 and dedicated to the "holy apostles Peter and Paul". In the middle of the 15th century, the first enclosure was erected and a defense floor was added above the choir. The fortified church of Cincșor is one of the best preserved churches in Transylvania, the changes that have taken place over the centuries are minimal.
The church organ was brought by Samuel Matz Birthalm and is dated 1805. The Cincșor organ is one of the most famous church organs in Transylvania. In the bell tower, there are two bells, a large one dating from 1937 and an average dating from 1644.
The famous Transylvanian painter Carl Dörschlag painted the current altar in 1868. The old altar of the triptych is located in the country's museum in Făgăraș
In 2011, the village community of Saxon origin had only 22 inhabitants.
The fortified church of Noiștat is a Lutheran church in the village of Noiștat, Iacobeni commune, Sibiu county. The original church was built at the end of the 12th century, then rebuilt between 1856 and 1858.
The massive, well-preserved tower was built in stone in the 14th-15th centuries and modified around 1500, acquiring, in addition to the religious function, a defense function with the machicolations and the gun embrasures still visible.
The fortification which surrounded the church and which, according to written reports, protected in 1494 the inhabitants of the neighboring villages, was almost entirely destroyed in 1860. Today, parts of the surrounding wall are still visible to the south of the church.
Presumably someone has tried to drive through the wall of the sports store before.
St Paul, Alberta, Canada
Fireworks for French National Day celebrations (14th of July).
Fortified city of Carcassonne, France.
The fortified evangelical church of Valchid was built in the 14th century, on the site of a much older Romanesque basilica.
Situated on a small tributary of Târnave Mari, the settlement of Valchid owes its first documentary mention to a conflict of 1345 in which the peasants from Valchid were interrogated in the process of robbing the Saxons from Curciu and other villages belonging to the neighboring localities, the Nou Sasesc and Roandola. .
The church is long and narrow, surrounded by ten buttresses erected specially to support the walls of the hall. The enclosure has a gray-yellow color, a color given by the reddish-brown sandstone from which it is built. The walls were dated to the beginning of the 16th century.
The watchtowers are located in the middle of the sides of the walls, the watchtower continuing on their façades. This is completely different from most fortified churches that have towers usually located at the corners of the precincts. The main portal on which a finely carved embrasure is seen, similar to the western portal of the evangelical church in Sibiu, is located on the blackened facade of smoke on the west side of the church. The church itself was never fortified, due to the height of the curtains of about 10 meters which led to the deterrent of the attackers.
The original vault of the ship was destroyed by the 1916 earthquake and was replaced by with a baroque vaulted vault that shows the ornaments in the stucco, with double arches. The boys' grandstand built in the west was built in the 19th century and was renovated in 1922 when another grandstand supported by two brick arches was erected along the north wall.
Edinburgh Castle is one of the oldest fortified places in Europe with a long rich history for the past 10 centuries as a royal residence, military garrison, prison and fortress. Located on the Castle Rock, it is an iconic symbol for Edinburgh and Scotland. It appears, in stylised form, on the coats of arms of the City of Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh. Today, it is a major tourist attraction with over 1.5 million visitors. It still has a military role and holds a series of performances known as Edinburgh Military Tattoo that takes place on the Esplanade each year in August. It established the Time Gun in 1861 for ships in the harbour of Leith and the Firth of Forth. The One O’Clock Gun is fired every day, except on Sundays and holidays, from the Mill’s Mount Battery. There are many other things to see and do such as a visit to the National War Museum of Scotland, and many other features of the castle.
Le château d'Édimbourg est l'un des plus anciens lieux fortifiés d'Europe avec une longue et riche histoire au cours des 10 derniers siècles en tant que résidence royale, garnison militaire, prison et forteresse. Situé sur le Castle Rock, c'est un symbole emblématique d'Édimbourg et de l'Écosse. Il apparaît, sous forme stylisée, sur les armoiries de la ville d'Édimbourg et de l'Université d'Édimbourg. Aujourd'hui, c'est une attraction touristique majeure avec plus de 1,5 million de visiteurs. Il a toujours un rôle militaire et organise une série de représentations connues sous le nom de Edinburgh Military Tattoo qui a lieu sur l'Esplanade chaque année en août. Il présente le Time Gun, créé en 1861, pour les navires dans le port de Leith et le Firth of Forth. Le One O'Clock Gun est tiré tous les jours, sauf le dimanche et les jours fériés, depuis le Mill's Mount Battery. Il y a beaucoup d'autres choses à voir et à faire comme une visite au Musée national de la guerre d'Écosse et de nombreuses autres caractéristiques du château.
Aït Benhaddou is a fortified village, along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakech in present-day Morocco.
Inside the walls of the ksar are half a dozen (Kasbahs) or merchants houses and other individual dwellings, and is a great example of Moroccan earthen clay architecture.
Aït Benhaddou has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
It is an amazing place where have been filmed some famous films as Gladiator o Games of Thrones.
Morocco 2018
The fortified Evangelical Church of Prejmer was built in the 13th century on the basis of an old Romanesque basilica dating from the 12th century.
It was around 1211 that King Andrew II of Hungary granted the Teutonic Knights rights to this territory. They are the ones who began to build the church of Tartlau (Saxon name of the locality) whose construction will continue in the Burgundian Gothic style introduced by the Cistercians at the monastery of Cârța.
The church was built as a Greek cross, modified by the interventions of the 16th century. Initially, the building consisted of four equal arms arranged around a square centered by an octagonal tower. Each arm was made up of two bays, one square and one polygonal, the choir of the church being flanked on both side by two pairs of rectangular chapels. The kinship with the spirit and forms used on the site of the Cistercian monastery church in Cârța, and with those present at the Church of St. Bartholomew in Brașov, both built after the mid-13th century, allows the dating of the church of Prejmer in the second third of the thirteenth century and its inclusion in the same stylistic atmosphere.
After Prejmer was the first locality to suffer the blows of Turkish troops (passed through the Buzău pass) King Sigismund of Luxembourg ordered the construction of defense systems in Ţara Bârsei. The church was fortified by a high and strong enclosure surrounded by a wide water ditch. The fortress, built in a circle, had walls 3-4 meters thick and 12 meters high, bastions, iron gates and drawbridges. A guard route was used to supply the fighters of the ramparts. In addition to the mouths of fire attached to the walls, there was an unusual fighting device: the famous "Organ of Death". Made up of several weapons placed together, which fired at the same time, it caused the enemy great panic and heavy losses.
Nb: In the church is the oldest triptych in Transylvania, dated between 1450 and 1460.
Fortified church complex St. Oswald . Eisenerz . Styria . Austria . Europe
I LOVE THIS PLACE: www.flickr.com/photos/litterart/54912648755/
Anchoring Tower on Motlawa River. The Anchoring Tower - a historic fortified tower in Gdańsk, located in the Main Town on the Old Motława River, near Podwale Przedmiejski. It was erected on a square plan in 1361 for the purpose of additional protection of the then southern fortifications of Gdańsk and the former shipyard areas (at today's Lastadia Street).
Motława is a river in Eastern Pomerania in Poland. The source is in Szpęgawskie Lake, northeast from Starogard Gdański. It goes through Rokickie Lake to Martwa Wisła, a branch of the Vistula. The total length of the river is estimated at 68 km, with an area of 1511.3 km². Wikipedia
Kirchenburg St. Michael, Ostheim vor der Rhön
Die Kirchenburg Ostheim ist eine Kirchenburg in der unterfränkischen Stadt Ostheim vor der Rhön im Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld. Die dortige Stadtkirche St. Michael befindet sich innerhalb einer zwischen 1400 und 1450 entstandenen doppelten Ringmauer mit dazwischenliegendem Zwinger. Die doppelte Ringmauer weist fünf Wehrtürme auf und ist mit sechs Bastionen auf halber Mauerlänge verstärkt. Die im Renaissancestil auf den Fundamenten einer Vorgängerkirche erbaute evangelische Kirche stammt aus den Jahren 1615 bis 1619. Innerhalb der Befestigungsanlage befinden sich 66 Gewölbekeller mit 72 Gaden, die als Schutzbehausung bei kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen dienten und in denen die Ortsbewohner in Krisenzeiten ihr Hab und Gut sicher aufbewahrten. Sie gilt mit einer Grundfläche von 75 mal 75 Metern als die größte und besterhaltene Kirchenburg in Deutschland. Ein Teil der Gewölbekeller wird von der einheimischen Bevölkerung als Vorratskeller genutzt. (Wikipedia)
When the light did eventually hit, it was quite a sight. This one looking back towards Higger Tor, and you can just make out Shelter rock standing the tallest of the Gritstone Rocks.
Scotney Castle
Really a fortified manor house, Scotney Castle was built in c. 1378-80 by Roger Ashburnham. It was strategically sited where the road from Rye and Hastings crossed the valley of the Bewel. The remnants of Ashburnham’s house include the massive round tower rising from the lake-like moat and a ruined gatehouse. An Elizabethan brick range adjoining the tower is all that survives of the 16th-century additions, and jagged walls with gaping windows mark a substantial 17th-century wing. In 1836, Edward Hussey – the creator of the gardens we see today – consulted W.S. Gilpin, the noted landscape designer, in an effort to take advantage of the scenic potential of the site. He knew the castle was too cold and damp for habitation so he had the walls of the castle selectively demolished, leaving the present fairytale ruin.
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Sunrise over Bare Island Fort, in La Perouse, Sydney.
Nikon D810 & Nikkor 16-35mm, Breakthrough 6 stop filter. PP in PS CC using Nik Software and luminosity masks.