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Sighișoara, Romania, is a well-preserved medieval town. Known for its fortified walls, cobbled streets, and colorful buildings. Birthplace of Vlad the Impaler, inspiration for Dracula. UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999. Important for understanding European urban history.
Mespelbrunn Castle is a late-medieval/early-Renaissance moated castle on the territory of the town of Mespelbrunn, between Frankfurt and Würzburg, built in a tributary valley of the Elsava valley, within the Spessart forest. It is a popular tourist attraction and has become a famous Spessart landmark.
The first precursor of Mespelbrunn Castle was a simple house. The owner was Hamann Echter, vizedom of Aschaffenburg, a title which means that he was the representative of the ruling prince, the Archbishop of Mainz Johann von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (de) at the castle and town of Aschaffenburg. On 1 May 1412, Johann gave the site, a forest clearing next to a pond, to Echter, a knight, who constructed a house without fortifications. It was a reward for Echter's services against the Czechs. The Echter family (de) originates from the Odenwald region. Their name presumably means "der die Acht vollstreckt", the executor of the ostracism. In the 15th century the Spessart was a wild and unexploited virgin forest, used as a hideout by bandits and Hussites, who despoiled the regions nearby. Therefore, in 1427 Hamann Echter, the son of the first owner, began to rebuild his father's house to a fortified castle with walls, towers, and a moat using the nearby lake.
In 1957, Mespelbrunn Castle was one of the locations of the German film Das Wirtshaus im Spessart (The Spessart Inn, 1958), based on the novella by Wilhelm Hauff.
is a fortified tower located in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (along with the nearby Jerónimos Monastery) because of the significant role it played in the Portuguese maritime discoveries of the era of the Age of Discoveries. The tower was commissioned by King John II to be part of a defence system at the mouth of the Tagus river and a ceremonial gateway to Lisbon.
The tower was built in the early 16th century and is a prominent example of the Portuguese Manueline style, but it also incorporates hints of other architectural styles. The structure was built from lioz limestone and is composed of a bastion and a 30-metre (98.4 ft), four-storey tower. It has incorrectly been stated that the tower was built in the middle of the Tagus (Tejo) and now sits near the shore because the river was redirected after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. In fact, the tower was built on a small island in the Tagus River near the Lisbon shore.
source: Wikipedia
Fortified city of Carcassonne, Aude, Occitanie, France
4 images in vertical/portrait orientation, stitched with Microsoft Image Composite Editor
A beautiful and historic city; a UNESCO World Heritage site. Monuments and statues abound and one of the highlights is the Quebec National Assembly. In this stitched-together image, The Citadel, and Battlefields Park (Plains of Abraham) are in the background. Also, one of the gates in the historic wall is visible - the only fortified city in North America, north of Mexico City.
ighrem (fortified village in English) (ksar in Arabic), along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakech in present-day Morocco. Most citizens attracted by the tourist trade live in more modern dwellings in a village on the other side of the river, although there are four families still living in the ancient village. Inside the walls of the ksar are half a dozen (Kasbahs) or merchants houses and other individual dwellings, and is a great example of Moroccan earthen clay architecture.
Aït Benhaddou has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
Several films have been shot in Aït Benhaddou including Gladiator (2000), Kingdom of Heaven (2005) and Game og Thrones
This fortified palace or kasbah in Quarzazate, Morocco was the home of the Pacha Glaoui, known as the Lord of the Atlas Region. The movie studio in Quarzazate has been the production center for the making of many movies and this palace has served as a set for many of those movies. In this shot, the kasbah catches the late sun.
Fortified romanic bridge over Fluvià river in the medieval town of Besalú, Catalonia.Països catalans
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
Ruins of a medieval fortified church are located above the village of Lúčka, situated at the border of the Slovenské rudohorie mountain range and the national park of Slovenský kras. The village had been known since 1409 as part of the Turňa Castle Estate donated to Pál Besen by King Sigismund.
According to the testimony provided by the local church, however, the village dates back to at least the half of the 13th century. The church itself was built as an early-Gothic church of the Gemer style. In the first half of the 15th century, it was surrounded by a defensive stone wall with a watchtower situated in the front. The small fortress was captured by Jan Jiskra’s troopsand is commonly called the Hussite church by the locals. Only the external walls of the church and the considerably lowered defensive wall with the tower that later on served as a belfry have been preserved up to the present. The quadratic tower used to have two floors in the past, with three windows on the first floor and three loopholes on the ground floor that served to watch the surroundings and to protect the fortress from three sides: the west, the south, and the east. The top of the slope upon which the church was built provided for the natural protection from the north.
The area where the church stands counts among the ecologically cleanest territories in Slovakia. It provides for exceptionally good conditions for recreationin a peaceful natural setting and for short walks in the basin of the Čremošná, to the lake of Lúčka, as well as to the surrounding beech and fir forests. Moreover, the unique natural reserve of Zádielska dolina is located in close distance, lined with plateaux where traces of fortified prehistoric settlements were confirmed by archaeological surveys.
photo rights reserved by B℮n
Croatia is a country in Southeast Europe. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southeast, sharing a maritime border with Italy. Croatia was part of the former Yugoslavia. A population of 4 million, most of whom are Catholics. Zagreb is the capital. Balanced between the Balkans and Central Europe, this country has been passed between rival kingdoms, empires and republics for thousands of years. If there is an advantage to this ongoing disruption, it is in the rich cultural legacy each has left behind. From Venetian palaces, Napoleonic fortresses, Slavic churches, Viennese mansions to socialist sculptures. But most attraction is the coastline with the remarkable clarity of the water and white pebbly beach. Despite being the fastest rising holiday destination in Europe in the past decade, Croatia still doesn't feel overrun by tourists. There are long sandy and winding beaches too, perfect for lazy days. Croatia is a beautiful country to discover many different landscapes. Dubrovnik is according to many one of the most beautiful cities on the Adriatic coast. This city in Croatia is also called the Pearl of the Adriatic. The historic center, or rather the completely walled fortress city of Dubrovnik, is on the list of UNESCO World Heritage. This part is still in a remarkably good condition. A wonderful place to discover on foot, it is a city with a diverse, but also rough past. Remarkably, the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, as well as the various monasteries, palaces and fountains have been preserved. They all tell their own story from the Middle Ages. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century. The old, completely walled fortress town from the thirteenth century is located at the foot of the mountain Srđ. From the immense city walls and towers you can look out over the city and the sea.
Fort Lovrijenac outside the western wall of Dubrovnik has a triangular shape and the thickness of the walls facing the outside reach 12 metres and 37 metres above sea level whereas the section of the walls facing the inside, the actual city, are only 60 centimetres thick. Early in the 11th century the Venetians attempted to build a fort on the same spot where Fort Lovrijenac currently stands. If they had succeeded, they would have kept Dubrovnik under their power, but the people of the city beat them to it. The "Chronicles of Ragusa" reveal how the fort was built within just three months time and from then on constantly reconstructed. When the Venetian ships arrived, full of materials for the construction of the fort, they were told to return to Venice. Photo of the fortified city taken from Fort Lovrijenac.
Kroatië is een land in Zuidoost-Europa. Het grenst aan Slovenië in het noordwesten, Hongarije in het noordoosten, Servië in het oosten, Bosnië-Herzegovina en Montenegro in het zuidoosten en deelt een maritieme grens met Italië. Kroatië maakte deel uit van het voormalige Joegoslavië. Een bevolking van 4 miljoen, van wie de meesten katholiek zijn. Zagreb is de hoofdstad. In evenwicht tussen de Balkan en Centraal-Europa, wordt dit land al duizenden jaren doorgegeven tussen rivaliserende koninkrijken, rijken en republieken. De meeste attractie is de kustlijn met de opmerkelijke helderheid van het water en het witte kiezelstrand. Ondanks dat het de afgelopen tien jaar de snelst stijgende vakantiebestemming in Europa is, voelt Kroatië zich nog steeds niet overspoeld door toeristen. Dubrovnik is volgens velen één van de mooiste steden van de Adriatische kust. Deze stad wordt ook wel de Parel van de Adriatische Zee genoemd. De compleet ommuurde vestingstad van Dubrovnik, staat op de lijst van Werelderfgoed van UNESCO. Dit deel is nog in een opvallend goede staat. Een heerlijke plek om te voet te ontdekken. Fort Lovrijenac buiten de westelijke muur van Dubrovnik heeft een driehoekige vorm en de dikte van de buitenmuren reikt tot 12 meter en 37 meter boven zeeniveau, terwijl het deel van de muren dat naar binnen gericht is, de eigenlijke stad, slechts 60 centimeter dik is. In het begin van de 11e eeuw probeerden de Venetianen een fort te bouwen op dezelfde plek waar Fort Lovrijenac nu staat. Als ze erin waren geslaagd, zouden ze Dubrovnik onder hun macht hebben gehouden, maar de mensen van de stad sloegen hen ervoor. De Chronicles of Ragusa onthullen hoe het fort in slechts drie maanden tijd werd gebouwd en vanaf dat moment voortdurend werd herbouwd. Toen de Venetiaanse schepen arriveerden, vol met materialen voor de bouw van het fort, kregen ze te horen dat ze naar Venetië moesten terugkeren. Foto van de vestingsstad Dubrovnik genomen vanaf het Fort Lovrijenac.
The village of Brand in the municipality of Brand-Laaben in the Vienna Woods has a truly fortified village church
More portraits in Penrhyn Castle.
This one below skylight
Penrhyn Castle is a country house in Llandygai, Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales, constructed in the style of a Norman castle. The Penrhyn estate was founded by Ednyfed Fychan. In the 15th century his descendent Gwilym ap Griffith built a fortified manor house on the site.
The fortified chruch at Ingelheim dates back to the 12th century. Ingelheim itself is located on the western banks on river Rhine. The main church was built in Gothic style in the 15th century.
Hosman is one of the fortified churches in Transylvania close to Sibiu. These churches are very special to Transylvania. They started to emerge in the 13th century when Hungarian and German settlers tried to resist against Ottoman and Tatar invasions. These churches allowed the inhabitants to defend the village for a limited time without the need of permanent wall around the villages. This shot was taken last December.
Fortified castle built in the 11th century, and modified several times until the 16th.
The three main dungeons symbolize the religious power, the Royalty and the duke.
bighugelabs.com/flickr/onblack.php?id=2620440365&size...
Carcassonne is the "Cité", this very famous and extraordinary architectural monument, unique in Europe, this miracle of stones on a hill, looming over the surrounding vineyards of Minervois or Carcassès, the Black Mountain or the sinuous outlines of the Corbières with towers and ramparts that are centuries old....
An impressive and amazing visit...!
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... at least, that's how it looks like
spiny puffball or spring puffball
Igelstäubling
[Lycoperdon echinatum}
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Stokesay Castle is the finest and best-preserved 13th-century fortified manor house in England. It was fortified by Lawrence de Ludlow, a wool merchant, who received his 'License to Crenellate' from Edward I in 1291. This property is now in the care of English Heritage.
Old part of the town of Kastel Gomilica provided setting for the Free City of Braavos during filming of the Season V of Game of Thrones. Kastel Gomilica is part of the town of Kastela, located between the city of Split and the town of Trogir on the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia, Croatia.
Aït Benhaddou is a historic ighrem or ksar (fortified village) along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakesh in Morocco. It is considered a great example of Moroccan earthen clay architecture and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
The site of the ksar has been fortified since the 11th century during the Almoravid period. None of the current buildings are believed to date from before the 17th century, but they were likely built with the same construction methods and designs as had been used for centuries before. The site's strategic importance was due to its location in the Ounila Valley along one of the main trans-Saharan trade routes. The Tizi n'Tichka pass, which was reached via this route, was one of the few routes across the Atlas Mountains, crossing between Marrakech and the Dra'a Valley on the edge of the Sahara. Other kasbahs and ksour were located all along this route, such as the nearby Tamdaght to the north.
Today, the ksar itself is only sparsely inhabited by several families. The depopulation over time is a result of the valley's loss of strategic importance in the 20th century. Most local inhabitants now live in modern dwellings in the village on the other side of the river, and make a living off agriculture and especially off the tourist trade. In 2011 a new pedestrian bridge was completed linking the old ksar with the modern village, with the aim of making the ksar more accessible and to potentially encourage inhabitants to move back into its historic houses.
The site was damaged by the September 2023 earthquake that struck southern Morocco. An early assessment of the damage reported cracks and partial collapses, with risk of further collapses.
My story starts outside a fortified tower and a church under the dazzling blue Mediterranean sky in Tzokeika and around the wild,stark Mani,which was for centuries the inaccessible domain of the reputed latter-day Spartans ...
It was a setimental journey in the footsteps of Patrick Leigh Fermor and his Greek hideaway.
A Tribute to Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor (11 Feb.1915 - 10 June 2011)
(knighted in the 2004 New Years Honours).
*It was in the early 1960s on his travels around the southern Peloponnese that he stumbled upon the exotic Mani peninsula and found a place to create his own Elysian Fields, (the final resting place in Greek mythology) ,built on a Maniot cliff top surrounded by olive groves where a new era in his life started.
“We saw a peninsula ending in crescent-shaped beaches.
We walked down into a gently sloping world of the utmost magical beauty.The Mani feels like another world,a reclusive patch of land where fortified medieval towers and a craggy coastline mix with Christian Orthodox churches and the fruity smell of Mediterranean olives.”Patrick Leigh Fermor
*The Mani has some of the most dramatic and varied scenery in Peloponnese.It's a wild,rugged region with steep foothills running down to the pristine coastline.Tiny villages and Byzantine churches nestle amid olive groves and centuries-old olive trees.
*Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor,universally known as Paddy,was one of the most charismatic and adventurous personalities of the last century.
An author,scholar,decorated hero,and a daring adventurer;
he was widely regarded and celebrated as the finest travel writer of his generation.As a member of the British Military mission to Greece,he played a prominent role in the Cretan resistance during the Second World War.A great admirer and lover of Greece,he chose to live in the Mani for the rest of his life.
A Tribute to Sir Patrick Leigh Fermor - The Journey Continues ...
[ comments closed,moving on to my patriotic duties ... ]
La Basilique fortifier de Valère à Sion, et également appelée château de Valère, est une église fortifiée située sur la colline homonyme de la ville de Sion, en Valais.
L'Eglise fortifiée, mi-forteresse, mi-sanctuaire. Sur un fond de style roman s'est développée une église gothique, dans laquelle on peut admirer un orgue du XIVe siècle qui est le plus ancien. Et cette chapelle . www.flickr.com/photos/20800336n08/11912470743/in/album-72...
The Basilica fortify from Valère to Sion, and also called Valère Castle, is a fortified church located on the homonymous hill of the city of Sion, in Valais.
The fortified church, half fortress, half sanctuary. On a background of Romanesque style has developed a Gothic church, in which we can admire an organ of the fourteenth century is the oldest. And this chapel. www.flickr.com/photos/20800336n08/11912470743/in/album-72...
The fortified early Gothic church from the first half of the 14th century was built on the site of an older building. In the 15th century it was fortified with a wall and a wooden bell tower was built on the grounds in 1657. The single-nave space with a square-ended presbytery and a built-in sacristy has a painted cassette ceiling from 1758, the presbytery is characteristic by its rib vault. The mural paintings date back to the 60s of the 14th century and the creator of at least a part of them is the Master of Ochtiná presbytery. These interior frescoes were discovered in the early 20th century by I. Huszka who was restoring them in 1905. All the paintings, interior and exterior ones, were completely restored between 1983 and 1985 by J. Josefík, L. Székely and I. Žuch.
Within the almost intact medieval church, the murals have a uniquely strong impression and informative value, thanks to their scale and complexity of preservation. Thematically they focus on individual scenes from the Marian and the Passion cycle, but they do not have a uniform concept unlike the upper belt on the nave’s northern wall with a complete depiction of the St. Ladislaus legend.
the origins of the village of Rivello Reviell (in dialect lucano) are dated back to the Early Middle Ages. But many are the archaeological finds which designate Rivello is the heir of the city lucana - existing from preromano period - Sirinos. The notorious is the division, starting from the middle ages, the city into two distinct neighborhoods, the upper one, whose inhabitants, said bardàv ti, were tied one to the church of the Latin rite (San Nicola di Bari) and the lower one, whose inhabitants, bardàsci, were supporters of the parish of the Greek rite (Santa Maria del Poggio).
Resist still in the toponymy ("Fonte dei Lombardi" and "Piazza dei Greci"), references to the two opposing ethnic groups, who gave life to the city: Lombards, stanziatisi certainly as a result of the barbarian invasions, and Greeks, probably originating, following its destruction by the Saracens, from nearby Velia from which it says the name derives modern (Rivello i.e. Re-Velia). Indeed, the motto of the common recitation even today "Iterum Velia renovata Revellum" (Once Velia, renewed in Rivello). Another likely etymological origin of the name, must be sought in a formation of the iterative type "King Vallare" i.e. fortify again, from which a late Latin Revallo.
Tower on skyline: fortified Torre dei Forteguerri in Palazzo Bardi
it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_dei_Forteguerri
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Tree: Italian Stone Pine Pinus pinea
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_pine
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Historic Centre of Siena UNESCO World Heritage Site
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Nikon D300 + Nikon Nikkor 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G ED-IF AF-S VR DX
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D300
www.dpreview.com/reviews/nikond300
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_AF-S_DX_VR_Zoom-Nikkor_18-200...
_DSC4492 Anx2 1400h Q90 1.5k f25 f50
The Medina of Essaouira, formerly called Mogador ("small fortress"), is an outstanding example of a fortified city from the mid-18th century, surrounded by a wall. For centuries, this port has played an important role as an international commercial port, linking Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa with Europe and the rest of the world. The city is also an example of a multicultural center.
Archaeological research shows that Essaouira has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At the end of the first century BC the King of Berbers, Juba II, founded a factory of Tyrian violet, processing crustaceans found on tidal rocks and coastal islands into a dye.
Found a Roman vase and coins from the third century and a Roman villa.
In 1506, the king of Portugal, ordered the construction of a fortress called Castelo Real de Mogador.
Medina of Essaouira in 2001 was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as an example of 18th-century castle.
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Medyna Essaouira, dawniej nazywana Mogador ("mała forteca"), jest wybitnym przykładem umocnionego miasta z połowy XVIII wieku, otoczonego murem. Port ten od stuleci odgrywał ważną rolę międzynarodowego portu handlowego, łączącego Maroko i Afrykę subsaharyjskiej z Europą i resztą świata. Miasto jest także przykładem ośrodka wielokulturowego.
Badania archeologiczne pokazują, że Essaouira była zamieszkała od czasów prehistorycznych. Pod koniec I wieku p.n.e. król Berberów, Juba II, założył fabrykę fioletu tyryjskiego, przetwarzającą skorupiaki znajdujące się na skałach przypływowych i przybrzeżnych wyspach w barwnik.
Znaleziono rzymską wazę oraz monety z III wieku oraz rzymską willę.
W 1506 roku król Portugalii, nakazał budowę twierdzy o nazwie Castelo Real de Mogador.
Medina Essaouiry w 2001 roku została wpisana na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO jako przykład XVIII-wiecznego grodu.