Anchorage (officially called the Municipality of Anchorage) (Dena'ina Athabascan: Dgheyaytnu) is a unified home rule municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska. With an estimated 298,192 residents in 2016, it is Alaska's most populous city and contains more than 40 percent of the state's total population; among the 50 states, only New York has a higher percentage of residents who live in its most populous city. All together, the Anchorage metropolitan area, which combines Anchorage with the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough, had a population of 401,635 in 2016, which accounts for more than half of the state's population.

Anchorage is located in the south-central portion of Alaska, at the terminus of the Cook Inlet, on a peninsula formed by the Knik Arm to the north and the Turnagain Arm to the south. The city limits span 1,961.1 square miles (5,079.2 km2) which encompass the urban core, a joint military base, several outlying communities and almost all of Chugach State Park.

Due to its location, almost equidistant from New York City, Frankfurt, and Tokyo, Anchorage lies within ​9 1⁄2 hours by air of nearly 90% of the industrialized world. For this reason, the Anchorage International Airport is a common refueling stop for many international cargo flights and is home to a major FedEx hub, which the company calls a "critical part" of its global network of services.

Anchorage has won the All-America City Award four times: in 1956, 1965, 1984–85, and 2002, by the National Civic League. It has also been named by Kiplinger as the most tax-friendly city in the United States.

Credit for the data above is given to the following website:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska

© Brian Callahan 2011 All rights reserved.

View On Black

Now, with working people under assault by right wing governors and legislatures, this beautiful work deserves a visit. It is a stunning creation at any time, but now a special work. A monument to the struggle that created the American middle class and the high standard of living that has been under continuous attack for 30 years.

With its shining arch rising 63 feet above the ground, the Labor Legacy Landmark, "Transcending," draws attention to itself as one of the newest additions to the Detroit skyline. The piece, commissioned by the Michigan Labor Legacy Project and funded solely through donations from union members without the aid of public or corporate money, is designed to celebrate the history and contributions of labor. The only such monument in the United States, the Labor Legacy Landmark is the work of local sculptors David Barr and Sergio De Giusti.

Barr, a teacher of sculpture and an internationally acclaimed artist, created the "Four Corners Project," in which he placed four carved marble tetrahedrons at equidistant sites around the globe, in effect creating the largest sculpture ever made. The Italian-born De Giusti is best known for his representative relief works, on display at public institutions throughout the state and around the world. One of De Giusti's works,a nine-foot bronze freestanding relief, is prominently displayed at the main plaza of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Building.

Barr, whose work is primarily abstract and symbolic, sought out the collaboration with De Giusti in order to add a more intimate dimension to the project. Both men envisioned something other than the funereal, European tradition of famous leaders commemorated by solemn statues. Instead, they set out to create a space - an environment where viewers can enjoy art as they come to understand and appreciate the struggles of labor.

From afar, (the piece can be seen from Canada) the work's great stainless steel arch is its most visible aspect. The notched, rounded arch resembles the ubiquitous symbol of labor - the gear and serves as a testament to labor's spirit of exuberance and defiance.

"Transcending's" circular form also stands in contrast to the city's grid-like design as a symbol of inclusion. The bottom of the gear appears to merge into the earth. Barr says, "The world drives industry and labor, and industry and labor drive the world."

The arch rests on a circular, raised dais, and is partially encircled by seven granite boulders all split symmetrically in two. According to De Giusti "Stones have a great presence and have always been used to commemorate events. They are markers of a people and a generation." Brought from Vermont, the stones suggest a strong linkage to the past and their permanence creates a link towards our future.

The boulders' polished surfaces are adorned with De Giusti's bronze reliefs which depict the sacrifices and achievements of labor. His method of presenting objects pushing through and receding into the flat surface of the relief, suggests the embedding of fossils in stone. In direct sunlight, the bronze shines like a geode from within the split rock.

The piece also includes a twisting marble path. A tile at the beginning of the path is engraved with the words, "Labor's achievements are America's strength," and subsequent tiles enumerate those achievements - "Free public education," "Human rights," "Equality for women." Other tiles feature historical labor-related quotes such as "Without struggle there is no progress" (attributed to Frederick Douglas), and Martin Luther King's words, "The arc of history bends toward justice."

De Giusti's reliefs line the path at it spirals inward. At the spiral's center are two boulders - one displaying chains and the other displaying hands - directly below the apex of Barr's arch. A look straight upwards reveals that the arch is divided by a narrow gap at the top. This separation symbolizes how far labor has come and how far it still has to go. At night the arch is made whole by lights projecting from the two disconnected ends.

When the piece was still in the proposal stage, then-Mayor Dennis Archer told the Detroit Free Press, "What the labor movement is doing is reminding everybody who builds buildings that public art also has a place in the betterment of a city." In "Transcending" Barr and De Giusti have created not only an important piece of art but also a significant historical and educational setting designed to connect viewers to the past and inspire them to affect their future. - Nick Sousanis

Deutschland / Nordrhein-Westfalen - Schloss Körtlinghausen

Kallenhardt - Schloss-Route

In the background you can see the church tower of Kallenhardt.

Im Hintergrund sieht man den Kirchturm von Kallenhardt.

Schloss Körtlinghausen is a Baroque Schloss (château) in Germany's Sauerland region, roughly equidistant between Dortmund and Kassel. It is sited on the southern bank of the River Glenne and it is surrounded by a moat.

Beyond the moat it one of the country's largest and oldest Oak trees, which is more than a thousand years old. The circumference of the trunk just above ground level is 12.4 m (41 ft).

The first documented mention of a castle on the site dates from 1398.

The current château replaced an earlier previous moated fortress. The manor belonged to the von Schorlemer and the von Rüdenberg families till 1447 when it was acquired by the von Lürwalds. They were followed by the von Hanxleden who were in their turn succeeded by the von Westrems in 1614. Between 1645 and 1819 it belonged to the von Weichs family.

In 1714 Franz Otto von und zu Weichs instructed the architect Justus Wehmer to construct a replacement château in the fashionable Baroque style, and the new building was completed in 1746. The von Fürstenbergs acquired it in 1830: it has remained in this family since that time.

In 1945 the château was occupied by the British and became as a holding centre for refugees rendered homeless by ethnic cleansing after large parts of eastern Germany had been transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of an agreement between the United States, the Soviet Union and their allies. Between 1956 and 1994 it was rented out for use as a training school for the Bundesverband für den Selbstschutz ("National Self-defence Association"). Between 1999 and 2004 the château underwent an extensive restoration under the direction of the then owner, Baron Dietger von Fürstenberg, whose work earned him a prize for Historic preservation. In order to finance the work the baron sold a twelfth century German manuscript document, known as the "Stammheim Missal", and which had been in his family for generations, to the Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Today the château is made available for conferences, receptions and other large functions. Buildings on the north side house administrative operations for the house and its farm estate.

The site comprises a rectangular manor house with two detached wings, one on each side, to the north of the main building. Between them these form three sides of a four sided courtyard. To the north of that runs part of the moat, across which a continuation of the courtyard is flanked by the stable block. Within the moat, the principal island is the one on which the mansion and its detached wings stand: there is also a small "unbuilt" island to the west of that.

The windows of the simple rendered building are framed in sandstone. On the main building the lines of the hipped roof are interrupted by gable windows, and the roof is topped off with four substantial chimney blocks. On each of the long sides of the court-yard ("Cour d'honneur"), it is rimmed by two short pavilion-like detached wings. On the garden (south) side the double steps approaching the main arched entrance are inscribed with the date, 1721. On the court-yard side the main entrance of the main building is topped of with a double double coats of arms of the von Weichs and (in the eighteenth century, neighbouring) von Droste zu Erwitte aristocratic families.

The main double staircase leads to the first floor via a raised mezzanine halfway up A large ground floor reception room, with rich stucco decoration and frescoes on the ceiling, overlooks the park. The coat of arms of the Baron von Weichs who had the château built is prominently displayed along with those of each of his three successive wives.

The chapel is directly accessible from either of the building's two main floors. The ceiling is decorated with a geometrical stucco design incorporating the image of Mary Magdalene, to whom the chapel is dedicated. The ceiling was painted in 1727. The altar dates from 1739. The raised box (literally "patronal loggia"), constructed to be occupied by the lord of the manor and his family during services, is particularly eye-catching.

(Wikipedia)

Eine Route voller Sehenswürdigkeiten aber auch immer inmitten der eindrucksvollen Natur des Naturpark Arnsberger Wald. Sei es das historische Rathaus oder das barocke Wasserschloss - hier gibt es viel zu entdecken. Aber auch architektonische Neuheiten erwarten den interessierten Wanderer auf seinem Weg. Begeben Sie sich auf eine kleine Zeitreise in und um die ehemals kurkölnische Bergveste Kallenhardt und lassen Sie den Tag bei regional-typischen Leckereien ausklingen. Oder entdecken Sie die heimische Brennereikunst direkt vor Ort!

(tourismus-ruethen.de)

Das Schloss Körtlinghausen liegt im Sauerland an der Glenne zwischen Rüthen und Warstein im Kreis Soest. Das barocke Wasserschloss wurde im Glennetal nordwestlich von Kallenhardt (einem Ortsteil der Stadt Rüthen) erbaut. In Körtlinghausen stand die größte und mächtigste Eiche Deutschlands. Sie wurde etwa 1100 Jahre alt, war 22 m hoch und hatte einen Stammumfang von 12,4 m (knapp über dem Erdboden).

An der Stelle existierte eine steinerne Burganlage mit einem Wassergraben. Die Anlage war im 14. Jahrhundert im Besitz der Familien von Schorlemer und von Rüdenberg. Im Jahr 1398 kam der Schorlemersche Anteil an die von Lürwald. Nachdem die Rüdenberger zeitweise alleinige Besitzer waren, erwarb die Familie von Lürwald 1447 Haus und Besitz. Schon wenige Jahre später veräußerten sie ihn an die von Hanxleden. Im Jahr 1614 kam Körtlinghausen an die von Westrem. Von 1645 bis 1819 war es im Besitz der Familie von Weichs.

Das Schloss wurde 1714 von Oberjägermeister Freiherr Franz Otto von und zu Weichs nach den Plänen von Justus Wehmer erbaut. 1830 wurden die Freiherren von Fürstenberg Besitzer von Schloss Körtlinghausen, was bis heute der Fall ist. Nach 1945 wurde es als Flüchtlingsheim genutzt. Von 1956 bis 1994 war im Schloss eine Schule des Bundesverbandes für den Selbstschutz untergebracht. Für die 1999 begonnene Restaurierung und Sanierung von Körtlinghausen wurde 2004 Dietger Freiherr von Fürstenberg der Preis für Denkmalpflege in Westfalen-Lippe verliehen. Finanziert wurde das Vorhaben durch den Verkauf des Stammheimer Missale, einer bedeutenden Hildesheimer Handschrift aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, an das J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Heute wird das Schloss Körtlinghausen für festliche Veranstaltungen und Tagungen vermietet. In den nördlichen Vorgebäuden befinden sich die Verwaltung und Landwirtschaft.

Das Schloss diente als Drehort für den 2017 erschienenen Kinofilm Happy Burnout.

Zur Schlossanlage gehören das rechteckige Herrenhaus mit zwei Seitenflügeln an der Längsseite sowie der Schlosshof mit Kavaliersgebäuden. Das Herrenhaus im Teich steht auf einer von zwei Inseln. Die Fenster des schlichten, verputzten Gebäudes sind in Sandstein gerahmt. Aus dem mit Gauben bestückten Walmdach ragen vier Kamine heraus. An beiden Längsseiten sind je zwei kurze, pavillonartig vorspringende Flügel angebaut. An drei Gebäudeseiten befinden sich übergiebelte Risalite, wobei der hofseitige durch ein Dachhaus überhöht wurde. Die zweiarmige Freitreppe an der Gartenseite, mit zierlichem Altan, ist mit 1721 bezeichnet. An dem Portal der Hofseite ist das Allianzwappen derer von Weichs und von Droste zu Erwitte (Haus Füchten) angebracht.

Das Treppenhaus mit zweigeteiltem Lauf wird auf halber Höhe zusammengeführt. Zur Gartenseite hin, im Obergeschoss, befindet sich ein Festsaal mit Deckengemälden und reicher Stuckierung. Jeweils in den Ecken sind die Wappen des Bauherren und seiner drei Ehefrauen angebracht.

Die Schlosskapelle ist der hl. Maria Magdalena geweiht. Zugänge sind in beiden Geschossen des Herrenhauses. An der geometrisch stuckierten Decke ist ein Gemälde der Kapellenheiligen zu sehen. Es wurde wohl in der Zeit vor 1727 gemalt. Der Altar wurde nach 1739 gebaut. Bestimmendes Ausstattungsstück der Kapelle ist die Herrschaftsloge.

Die beiden Vorgebäude nach einem Entwurf von Nagel, sind im Stil stark an Bauten Wehmers angelehnt. Das westliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Westrem ist mit 1731 bezeichnet, das östliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Galen ist mit 1743 bezeichnet. Die südlich angebaute Remise wurde mit einem Glockentürmchen bekrönt. In der Mitte der dreiflügeligen Ökonomie springt ein Torrisalit hervor. Am Westflügel steht das Torhaus von 1736, es wurde 1850 aufgestockt. Der Terrassengarten mit parabelförmigem Grundriss ist über eine Zugbrücke erschlossen.

(Wikipedia)

I liked the pattern on the surface of a frozen pond, although it was very low contrast and a hideous yellowish-brown colour. I liked my composition, too. But... what to do, what to do...

I tried converting to black and white and boosting the contrast to extreme levels; not good. So I left the image in monochrome while resetting the contrast to "normal" levels. Then I converted to RGB and added a light blue wash.

Technique was identical to that used for the three previous shots of rust and paint on the sides of an old car: (1) stop the lens down very small - this creates extra depth of field to ensure edge to edge sharpness when your subject is almost flat; (2) parallel plane focussing - get the plane of your subject parallel with the plane of your camera's sensor so that every point of your subject is equidistant from the sensor and you don't have sharpness falloff anywhere; (3) low ISO for minimal digital noise and maximum detail; (4) tripod to lock the camera down solidly and prevent motion blur; (5) mirror lock up and cable release to eliminate blur problems from mirror slap. Voila!

Photographed in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan. Don't use this image on websites, blogs, or other media without explicit permission © 2016 James R. Page - all rights reserved.

“This artist's rendering provides a panoramic view of the Project Cyclops hexagonal array of 328-foot- (100-m-) diameter radio telescopes—as it might appear if the large facility were constructed and located on the far side of the Moon. In addition to terrestrial-noise-free radio astronomy, this large radio telescope complex would perform an extensive search for radio signals from intelligent, alien civilizations around other star systems.”

The above per/at, associated/along with the image, at:

www.fossilhunters.xyz/frontiers-in-space/project-cyclops....

Credit: Dennis Larson/”Fossil Hunters” blog

Which was taken from the source, “Life in the Universe”, by Joseph A. Angelo.

Additionally, from both of the above:

“Project Cyclops was a study involving the proposed use of a very large array of dish antennas to perform in a detailed search of the radio-frequency spectrum (especially the 7.1-inch-to-8.3-inch [18-cm-to-21-cm] wavelength water-hole region) for artifact signals from intelligent alien civilizations. The engineering details of this SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) configuration were derived in a special summer-institute design study that was sponsored by NASA at Stanford University in 1971. The stated object of the Project Cyclops study was to assess what would be required in hardware, human resources, time, and funding to mount a realistic effort, using present (or near-term future) state-of-the-art techniques, aimed at detecting the existence of intelligent life in other star systems.

Named for the one-eyed giants found in Greek mythology, the proposed Cyclops Project would use as its "eye" a large array of individually steerable 328-foot- (100-m-) diameter parabolic dish antennas. These Cyclops antennas would be arranged in a hexagonal matrix, so that each antenna unit was equidistant from all its neighbors. A 958-foot (292-m) separation distance between antenna dish centers would help to avoid shadowing. In the Project Cyclops concept, an array of about 1,000 of these antennas would be used to collect and evaluate simultaneously radio signals falling on them from a target star system. The entire Cyclops array would function like a single giant radio antenna, some 11.6 square miles (30 km2) to 23.2 square miles (60 km2) in size. The study examined a Project Cyclops on Earth as well as on the far side of the Moon—an excellent radio astronomy location shielded from all stray terrestrial radio wave sources.

Project Cyclops can be regarded as one of the foundational studies in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Its results—based on the pioneering efforts of such individuals as Frank Drake (1930- ), the late Philip Morrison (1915-2005), John Billingham (1930- ), and the late Bernard Oliver (1916-95)—established the technical framework for subsequent SETI activities. Project Cyclops also reaffirmed the interstellar microwave window, the water hole, as perhaps the most suitable part of the electromagnetic spectrum for interstellar civilizations to communicate with each other.”

Google returns based on a keyword search of “Rick Guidice” and “SETI”, along with it being an Ames Research Center image leads me to conclude that this is indeed by Mr. Guidice. And, the appearance of the lunar surface pretty much confirms such.

Built in 1877.

"Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. It is one of the highest-ranked universities in the world. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, and then to the current site nine years later. It officially became a university in 1896 and was subsequently renamed Princeton University.

The university is governed by the Trustees of Princeton University and has an endowment of $37.7 billion, the largest endowment per student in the United States. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering to approximately 8,500 students on its 600 acres (2.4 km2) main campus. It offers postgraduate degrees through the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance. The university also manages the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and is home to the NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and has one of the largest university libraries in the world.

Princeton uses a residential college system and is known for its upperclassmen eating clubs. The university has over 500 student organizations. Princeton students embrace a wide variety of traditions from both the past and present. The university is a NCAA Division I school and competes in the Ivy League. The school's athletic team, the Princeton Tigers, has won the most titles in its conference and has sent many students and alumni to the Olympics.

As of October 2021, 75 Nobel laureates, 16 Fields Medalists and 16 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science awardees, 5 Abel Prize awardees, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 215 Rhodes Scholars and 137 Marshall Scholars. Two U.S. Presidents, twelve U.S. Supreme Court Justices (three of whom currently serve on the court) and numerous living industry and media tycoons and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton's alumni body. Princeton has graduated many members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Cabinet, including eight Secretaries of State, three Secretaries of Defense and two Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War. It is the home of Princeton University, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark. Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town, other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study, Westminster Choir College, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton Theological Seminary, Opinion Research Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Corporate Research, SRI International, FMC Corporation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amrep, Church and Dwight, Berlitz International, and Dow Jones & Company.

Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g., Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jersey's capital city, New Brunswick and Edison." - info from Wikipedia.

The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

I'll try and get around to see you today, but it will be from daughter's computer in Cambridge, Ontario. If I can't get around today, I'll definitely be around tomorrow.

From my set entitled “Jamestown”

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157606230698243/

In my collection entitled “Virginia: Beach, Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown: May 2008”

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760622...

In my photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/

Reproduced from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia

Jamestown (originally also called "James Towne" or "Jamestowne") is located on the James River in what is currently James City County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The site is about 40 miles (62 km) inland from the Atlantic Ocean and the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay and about 45 miles (70 km) downstream and southeast of the current state capital city of Richmond. Both the river and the settlement were named for King James I of England, who was on the throne at the time, granted the private proprietorship to the Virginia Company of London's enterprise.

The location at Jamestown Island was selected primarily because it offered a favorable strategic defensive position against other European forces which might approach by water. However, the colonists soon discovered that the swampy and isolated site was plagued by mosquitoes and tidal river water unsuitable for drinking, and offered limited opportunities for hunting and little space for farming. The area was also inhabited by Native Americans (American Indians).

The 3 points of Colonial Virginia's Historic Triangle, Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown are linked by the National Park Service's scenic Colonial Parkway.

The 3 points of Colonial Virginia's Historic Triangle, Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown are linked by the National Park Service's scenic Colonial Parkway.

Despite inspired leadership of John Smith, chaplain Robert Hunt and others, starvation, hostile relations with the Indians, and lack of profitable exports all threatened the survival of the Colony in the early years as the settlers and the Virginia Company of London each struggled. However, colonist John Rolfe introduced a strain of tobacco which was successfully exported in 1612, and the financial outlook for the colony became more favorable. Two years later, Rolfe married the young Indian woman Pocahontas, daughter of Wahunsunacock, Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy, and a period of relative peace with the Natives followed. In 1616, the Rolfes made a public relations trip to England, where Pocahontas was received as visiting royalty. Changes by the Virginia Company which became effective in 1619 attracted additional investments, also sowing the first seeds of democracy in the process with a locally-elected body which became the House of Burgesses, the first such representative legislative body in the New World.

Throughout the 17th century, Jamestown was the capital of the Virginia Colony. Several times during emergencies, the seat of government for the colony was shifted temporarily to nearby Middle Plantation, a fortified location on the high ridge approximately equidistant from the James and York Rivers on the Virginia Peninsula. Shortly after the Colony was finally granted a long-desired charter and established the new College of William and Mary at Middle Plantation, the capital of the Colony was permanently relocated nearby. In 1699, the new capital town was renamed Williamsburg, in honor of the current British king, William III.

After the capital was relocated, Jamestown began a gradual loss of prominence and eventually reverted to a few large farms. It again became a significant point for control of the James River during the American Civil War (1861–1865), and then slid back into seeming oblivion. Even the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 was held elsewhere, at a more accessible location at Sewell's Point, on Hampton Roads near Norfolk.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her consort Prince Phillip inspect replica of Susan Constant at Jamestown Festival Park in Virginia on October 16, 1957

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her consort Prince Phillip inspect replica of Susan Constant at Jamestown Festival Park in Virginia on October 16, 1957

Beginning in 1893, 22.5 acres of the Jamestown site were acquired by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. A crucial sea wall was built in 1900 to protect the shoreline near the site of James Fort from further erosion. In the 1930s, the Colonial National Historical Park was established to protect and administer Jamestown, which was designated a National Historic Site. The U.S. National Park Service acquired the remaining 1,500 acres (6.1 km²) of Jamestown Island through eminent domain in 1934.

For the 350th anniversary in 1957, Jamestown itself was the site of renewed interest and a huge celebration. The National Park Service provided new access with the completion of the Colonial Parkway which led to Williamsburg, home of the restored capital of Colonial Williamsburg, and then on to Yorktown, the other two portions of Colonial Virginia's Historic Triangle. Major projects such as the Jamestown Festival Park were developed by non-profit, state and federal agencies. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and Prince Philip attended. The 1957 event was a great success. Tourism became continuous with attractions regularly updated and enhanced.

The two major attractions at Jamestown are separate, but complementary to each other. The state-sponsored Jamestown Settlement near the entrance to Jamestown Island includes a recreated English Fort and Native American Village, extensive indoor and outdoor displays, and features the three popular replica ships. On Jamestown Island itself, the National Park Service operates Historic Jamestowne. Over a million artifacts have been recovered by the Jamestown Rediscovery project with ongoing archaeological work, including a number of exciting recent discoveries.

Early in the 21st century, in preparation for the Jamestown 2007 event commemorating America's 400th Anniversary, new accommodations, transportation facilities and attractions were planned. The celebration began in the Spring of 2006 with the sailing of a new replica Godspeed to six major East Coast U.S. cities, where several hundred thousand people viewed it. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip joined America's festivities on an official state visit to Jamestown in May 2007.

Post Processing:

PhotoShop Elements 5 / sharpen, posterize, watercolour

The University of New England was the first Australian university established outside of a capital city. It started life as the New England University College in 1938 as a college of the University of Sydney. Several local people worked hard for the College to become an independent university and they were successful in 1954. In 1989 it subsumed the Armidale College of Advanced Education (previously the Armidale Teachers’ College.) The main campus is 5 kms from the city centre with central administration in Booloominbah House. From its inception it has always catered for distance education students and those wanting to study agriculture. It is the largest distance education university in Australia with around 15,000 external students. It has faculties of law, education, arts, science, medicine, the environment etc. It has wide research foci but it cooperates with the CSIRO on agriculture and science research and it is well known for its agricultural business research and farm animal genetics research. It has around 700 research students enrolled for a PhD at any one time. The Vice Chancellors have included some well known Australians including former Governor General Sir Zelman Cowen. The well known graduates include: Dean Brown (Premier of SA); Bernie Fraser (former Governor Reserve Bank); Barnaby Joyce (Australian Senator); Tony Windsor (current Independent in Parliament). The UNE also has a well developed residential college network with the most famous being Drummond and Smith as around half of it students reside on campus. Drummond was the NSW Education Minister who established the Armidale Teachers College. This College used Smith House on Central Park for many years. It has about 200 residents. The college began in Girrahween House in 1928 for students attending the Armidale Teachers College. When the University merged with the Teachers College, Drummond and Smith Residential Colleges went to the University. The college crest is depicted above the door of Girrahween House which was built in 1889. The University has several other campuses in Armidale the main one being Newling campus, now the Conservatorium of Music. It was the former Armidale Teachers College. UNE has a mosque on campus.

The Dixson Library.

The heart of any university is its library. It is near Booloominbah and the Museum of Antiquities. In 1938 the university library was a room in Booloominbah. Then Sir William Dixson donated a large grant for a purpose built library in 1961. Dixson’s wealth was based on the tobacco industry and his family operations included Adelaide in the 19th century. William’s father was a devout Baptist and donated to many organisations including Sydney Medical Mission, Ryde Home for Incurables, the YMCA, the University of Sydney, the Baptist Church etc. William Dixson (1870-1952) was a collector of Australiana and rare books. He donated many rare manuscripts and books to the Mitchell Library in the 1920s, then he decided to found the UNE library.

Booloominbah.

As visitors we can enter the house and have lunch there. The Brasserie opens at noon. There is also a court yard café and bar. This will provide an opportunity to explore some areas of the house and view the wonderful stained glass windows. Remember the house is noted for its wooden panelling, windows, fine joinery etc.

The Museum of Antiquities.

This is a rare regional antiquities museum for Australia. Its collections began in 1959 when the university established its Department of Classics. It has antiquities from the Middle East, the Mediterranean, South East Asia, and the Pacific. Entry is free.

Trevenna House.

Trevenna is the residence of the Vice Chancellor and it was designed by John Horbury Hunt in the Canadian style. It was built in 1892 (Hunt died 1903) as another house besides Booloominbah for members of the White family. Mrs Eliza Jane White occupied Trevenna. The three storey house of mixed materials, wood and plaster was gifted to the University of New England by Mrs. Florence Wilson in 1960. Since then it has been the Vice Chancellor’s home. There is no public access to the house or the gardens. It is not visible from the road. The gardens include sweeping lawns, dry stone walls, herb gardens, hedges, ponds and English trees such as Horse Chesnuts, London Planes etc. Trevenna's gardens were featured in a Woman’s Weekly special in 1971.

Schools.

The first Anglican school opened in Armidale in 1847 with the first Catholic school following in 1856. A public school opened in 1861 and survived with various name changes until it became Armidale City Public School. In the 1850s, 1860s and 1870s state aid to church schools prompted more schools to start up in Armidale but few survived. The new Education Act of 1880 which removed any state aid led to the demise of many church schools and the rise of the state public school system in NSW. But Armidale has always been an education centre providing schools, and often boarding facilities for country children. The main private and state secondary schools in Armidale are:

•St. Ursuline College for girls, 1882 and De La Salle Catholic College for boys which was founded in 1906. The two amalgamated in 1975 to form O’Connor Catholic High School. It is no longer a boarding school. It has an enrolment of around 450 students.

•The Armidale School – TAS. TAS was founded in 1891 as the New England Proprietary School with it opening for enrolments in 1894.The local Anglican Bishop, Tyrrell had promoted the idea of an Anglican boys school for the sons of the New England gentry. The school adopted the name TAS in 1896. It has extensive grounds (44 acres), excellent facilities and several historic buildings including the chapel. For many years it was run by the Diocese of Armidale but it is now a company limited by guarantee. The Armidale School has approximately 620 students, including 200 boys boarding there. Well known architect John Sulman designed the original boarding house. Influenced by William Morris he used Armidale blue bricks and Flemish bond brick work. The chapel as designed by Cyril Blacket who also designed the Gothic University of Sydney. The TAS Gothic style Chapel opened in 1902 also using Armidale blue bricks in the Flemish bond pattern.

•Presbyterian Ladies College Armidale, is an independent Presbyterian girls boarding school which was founded in 1887.New England always had a large Scottish and Presbyterian population. It is affiliated with PLC in Sydney. In the early years it was run by several principal owners and it started out as New England Ladies College. It began in Smith House near Central Park in 1887. It was next known as Hilton College before being purchased by the Presbyterian Church in 1938. It moved to a new 70 acre site on the edge of Armidale in 1945. It has an enrolment of 400 girls with almost 100 boarders. Due to financial difficulties it was merged with PLC Sydney in 2005 and the one principal now runs both schools.

•NEGS, New England Girls School. This is an independent Anglican girls’ boarding school which was established in 1895 at almost the same time as the TAS school for boys. In 1907 NEGS was purchased by the Diocese of Armidale and run as a church school. It has always had an excellent academic reputation. It has an enrolment of around 310 students with almost half or 150 being boarders. In 2006 due to financial difficulties a merger with PLC was considered. Old scholars and parents raised millions to keep the school Anglican and independent. Australia’s well known poet Judith Wright attended NEGS.

•Armidale High School. This state high school as established in 1920. It has over 650 students.

•Duval High School. This state high school was established in 1974. It was named after one of the assigned convict stockmen who worked on William and Henry Dumaresq’s Saumarez and Tilbuster stations in the 1830s. It has an enrolment of around 800 students.

The Development of Armidale. What is so special about Armidale? Well it is a cathedral city with both Anglican and Catholic cathedrals; it is a wealthy city with a prosperous hinterland and many mansions; it is Australia’s highest city with a bracing English style climate; it is an education city with a university and several prestigious boarding schools; it was one of a number of sites considered for the Australian capital city site after Federation; it has been one of the centres wanting to secede from the rest of NSW; and it has an interesting history with a squatting phase, mining phase, agricultural phase etc. It is also a regional capital and has always been considered the “capital” of the New England region - a distinctive Australian region defined by rainfall, altitude, etc. And it has always been on the main inland route between Sydney and Brisbane but that is no longer of importance in this aviation transport era.

The origins of Armidale district go back to Henry Dumaresq when he squatted on land here and took out leaseholds on Saumarez and Tilbuster stations in 1834. He and other squatters soon displaced the local aboriginal people after a period of considerable violence. The turning point in terms of the city came in 1839 when George Macdonald was appointed Commissioner for Crown Lands for the New England District. He arrived with a small police force and he set about building a house and office headquarters. The site he chose is now Macdonald Park. NSW land regulations allowed the government to set aside reserves for future towns or to resume leasehold land for the creation of towns. Macdonald immediately surveyed the local landowners of which there were 37 in New England, giving it a population of 422 people. But this was the convict era of NSW and half of the population were assigned convicts. They provided the brawn to develop the stations, build the shepherd’s huts, dig the wells and dams, and fell the timber and clear the land. Of the original 422 people in New England only 10 were females, probably wives of shepherds or convict women who were cooks etc. Most stations had between 8 and 12 assigned convicts. Saumarez for example, had 11 convicts and 8 free male workers in 1839. In 1841 convicts still accounted for 42% of the population of New England and as they completed their seven year terms, many stayed on to become the founders of towns like Armidale. Transportation of convicts to NSW ceased around 1843 and so convict assignees gradually declined in the region, but ex-convicts remained.

Macdonald named the town site Armidale after the Armadale estate on the Isle of Skye. Macdonald had barracks built for the police men, stables, a store shed, his own house and he enclosed some paddocks for the growing of wheat and vegetables. His first years were often taken up with writing reports about Aboriginal massacres and deaths including the Bluff Rock Massacre on the Everett brothers’ run at Ollera near Guyra. Macdonald seldom investigated reports of Aboriginal deaths closely. He was a pompous little man, just 4 feet 10 inches tall with a deformed hunched back. But he was meticulous in most matters. In 1841 he was jilted just before his proposed wedding to a local woman. He remained in Armidale until 1848 overseeing the early development of the town.

By 1843 a small town had emerged with a Post Office and a Court House, blacksmith, wheelwright, hotel, general store etc. The town provided government and commercial services to the surrounding pastoral estates. But the town reserve included other lands that were sold or leased to farmers- agriculturists who grew wheat. By 1851 Armidale had two flour mills. The long transport route to Newcastle and on to Sydney meant all wheat had to be converted to flour before it was transported to the markets. The old dray route down to the coast was also used for the transport of the region’s major product- wool. The official town was surveyed and the streets laid out in 1849. Many of the early pastoralists were commemorated in street names – Beardy, Dumaresq, Dangar, Marsh, Faulkner and Rusden to name a few.

In 1851 Armidale also had local industries for the regional population- two breweries, general stores, chemist, butcher etc. In the early 1850s the churches began to erect their first buildings and the town became “civilised” with more and more women living there. Then gold discoveries near Uralla and towards the eastern escarpment boosted the town’s population and services. A newspaper was founded, a hospital was built and the population reached 858 in 1856. A gaol was built on South Hill in 1863, the town became a municipality in 1864, and the Robertson’s Land Acts (1861) were introduced throughout NSW to break up the big pastoral estates for ‘selectors” or small scale farmers on 320 acre blocks. This boosted the total population of the Armidale region but as noted elsewhere the pastoralists also used this era to buy up large lots of land freehold for themselves by the process of “dummying”- using relatives and employees to buy small parcels of land which they sold on to the large land owners. But the early years of growing wheat around Armidale collapsed in the 1870s as the wheat lands of South Australia opened up and cheap SA imports destroyed the New England wheat industry. Other forms of agriculture were then taken up in New England.

Another key factor in the growth of Armidale in the late 1870s and into the 1890s was its English style climate. In 1885 Armidale was proclaimed a city. It had a population of 3,000 residents - a remarkable achievement for a locale so far from the coast. This was of course boosted further with the arrival of the railway in Armidale in 1883. The line soon reached the Queensland border with a connection on to Brisbane. But the railway was not all good news as the city of Armidale could then receive beer and other supplies on the railway from Newcastle or Sydney and some local industries closed down with the arrival of the railway. By the 1880s the boom years were apparent as large mansions and prominent commercial buildings were erected in the growing city.

The fact that Armidale is equidistant from Sydney and Brisbane was one of the factors considered in its application to become the new Federal capital. The fact that Armidale had nearby reservoirs and a large water supply big enough for a large capital city was also an important consideration. The new Federal government was considering the site of the capital city after a long drought so access to water supplies was a major concern. As we known the site of Canberra near Yass was finally selected despite its lesser supply of water but it was closer to Sydney.

Regional Art gallery and Aboriginal Art Centre.

This gallery is one of the regional galleries funded by the NSW government. It is especially noted for its outstanding collection of Australia Art which was donated to the gallery by Howard Hinton (1867-1948.) Hinton was a company director and art collector. Despite poor eyesight he travelled the world looking at galleries and he befriended several artists. In Sydney he met and lived with noted Australian painter such as Tom Roberts, Arthur Stretton and Julian Ashton. He made his first donation of art to the National Gallery of NSW in 1914. Over the years he gave 122 paintings to that gallery. He was a trustee of the National Gallery of NSW from 1919-1948. He was knighted in 1935 for his services to art. In 1928 when the National Gallery of NSW refused some of his donations he decided to endow the relatively new Teachers’ College at Armidale with a collection of art. The Director of Education who was in charge of the College concurred with the idea and the first paintings were received in Armidale in 1929. He later gave over 1,000 paintings to the Teachers’ College and over 700 art books for its library. His collection illustrated the development of Australian art in particular from the 1880s through to the 1940s. The artist Norman Lindsey described the collection as the only complete collection of Australian art. A portrait of Howard Hinton is held by the former Armidale College of Advanced Education which is now part of the University of New England. The art collection has been transferred on to the Armidale Regional Art Gallery. The Hinton Collection is partially on display always. The Persian Love Cake in the Art Gallery café is to die for!

Teachers College and the Education Museum.

In the 19th century most school teachers were untrained but a few were trained in Fort Street Normal School in Sydney from 1848. The first teachers college was not established until 1912 in some temporary buildings. The college opened in new premises in 1920 which were not completed until 1924. But Armidale got the second teachers college in NSW in 1928 with its first proper building being constructed in 1930 at the height of the Great Depression. Why was this so? The answer is political. New England was in the midst of a secession movement in the late 1920s and New England was the home to several Country Party politicians with great influence. The Country Party came to power in NSW in 1927 and the new Minister for Education, David Drummond was the local member for New England. Drummond favoured a second teachers college because the staff at Sydney Teachers College had complained that country students coming to Sydney to be trained were being seduced by the ways of the sinful city and they seldom wanted rural school postings after a stint in Sydney! A Teachers College in Armidale would stop the debauchery! Although Armidale Teachers’ College was the first, the government made plans for additional teachers colleges in Bathurst and Wagga Wagga which eventually were established. The 1863 gaol in Armidale was closed in 1920 and was demolished to make way for the new teachers college building. As one commentator said at the time “a new Parthenon on the hill was to replace the penitentiary on the hill”!

The government appointed Cecil Bede Newling (1883-1975) as the principal of the new college. Today the old Teachers College building is named the Newling building. Newling had gone out as a probationary teacher in 1899 before attending courses at Fort Street Normal School from 1904. He later described his teacher training as dull. He was first appointed head teacher at Cootamundra in 1923, and then inspector at Broken Hill in 1925. He had a rapid rise in the Education Department. By 1925 he had also been awarded a BA and a MA from the University of Sydney. As first principal of the Armidale Teachers College he influenced everything. He had a forceful personality and took interest in all aspects of the College from the grounds and gardens to the curriculum and to the health of the students. During World War Two he became secret custodian of priceless art and written materials from the Mitchell Library and the National Gallery of NSW. He retired in 1947 with his “college on the hill” well established and valued. It is open weekday afternoons from 2 to 4 pm to members of the public.

Central Park Historical Walk and Nearby Structures.

The buildings of significance around Central Park are the old Wesley Methodist Hall and the now Uniting Church- just off the Park in Rusden Street; St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church and Hall; St. Peter’s Anglican Cathedral, Deanery and Parish Hall; and St. Mary’s Catholic Cathedral. Nearby along Faulkner Street is the Town Hall( just off Faulkner), the Post Office, the Court House, and the entrance to the Mall.

•Masonic Building. The Lodge here in Armidale purchased this land in 1860 and had a lodge built by a local builder Frederick Nott. A new severe classical style Lodge was erected in 1924 to replace the earlier one.

•Lindsay House is at 128 Faulkner Street and it dates from the mid 1920s. It is a mock Tudor house with exposed beams and woodwork on the exterior and stucco areas. This “English” style of house was popular in New England at this time. It is a typical “gentleman’s “house and it was built for a local doctor. In 1972 the former Armidale College of Advanced Education purchased the house for staff accommodation and they renamed it Lindsay House. Today it is a luxury bed & breakfast establishment.

•Southall is a fine 1888 residence at 88 Barney Street oppopsite Central Park. At one stage it was called Girrawheen Boarding House as it provided accommodation for the girls enrolled at New England Ladies College. This house was purchased in 1928 by the Armidale Teachers’ College for accommodation for female teaching students. It was linked to Smith House, next door, in 1960 and then became a university residential college but it is now a backpackers complex. Apart from wrought iron lace work it features two toned brick work on the quoins and the bricks are done in Flemish bond pattern.

•Catholic Cathedral and Convent. See next page.

•Anglican Cathedral and Deanery. See next page.

•St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church. The foundation stone dates the building to 1881. Its Gothic style, tall steeple, wrought iron decorations and lancet windows add considerably to the appearance of Central Park. The white painted masonry quoins, window surrounds etc contrast sharply with the dark coloured bricks.

•Old Wesley Methodist Hall and Church. The Old Wesley Church was erected in 1864 and is one of the oldest still standing churches of Armidale. It was replaced by a new Methodist Church in 1893 and it then became the church hall. The Old Wesley Church also has Red Cedar joinery inside.

•The Folk Museum. This is housed in the old School of Arts and Mechanics Institute building of 1863. Such places were crucial education centres in the 19th century. It was used as the town library for many years and is now a museum.

•Armidale Town Hall. This impressive structure was completed in 1883 just before Armidale became a city in 1885. It has many decorative features including pilasters (flat columns), scroll work, a central triangular pediment above the main entrance, a niche like entrance with a curved upper balcony and balustrade. In 1990 the City decorated the interior in Art Deco style!

•The Armidale Post Office. The first PO was established in 1843. This building was constructed in 1880. The beautiful arched veranda and upper balcony were added in 1897. It is still the city Post Office.

•Lands Board building now the Lands Office. This elegant building with its filigree lace work on the upper balcony and the lower veranda originally had a slate roof and slate chimney pots. The symmetry of this building is superb. It was designed by the same architect who did the government Post Office next door and the style would date it to the same period -1880.

•Opposite are the architectural plans for the amazing Imperial Hotel. It was built in 1890 William Miller who was of the original discoverer of gold at Hillgrove. He made his fortune on the gold fields and then erected the finest hotel in Armidale. It is noted for its proportions, classical style, ornate parapets along the roof line and filigree caste iron. The urns atop the “floating” triangular pediments are wonderful. It demonstrates how important the travelling public were to early hoteliers like William Miller. Miller began life as a poor farmer at Saumarez Ponds. It is run down today.

•On the opposite corner is the current Westpac Bank. It was formerly the Bank of NSW and it was put up in 1938 in classical style. The 1817 on the parapet refers to the founding of the Bank of NSW by Mary Reibey, a former convict, depicted on our $20 note. Along from this is the marvellous AMP building with its statute on top.

•Armidale Court House in the Mall. This imposing building with a classical Greek façade with columns, and wrought iron gates was built in 1859. It was extensively altered in 1870 when the two side wings were attached. The clock tower was added in 1878. Inside the joinery is all Australian Red Cedar. Note the cobblestoned courtyard. At the rear of the Court House is the original Sheriff’s Cottage (1870) which was originally a “lock up “for prisoners!

•Hanna’s Arcade in Barney Street. See the leadlight mural, wooden arcade, and fine department store.

Catholic Cathedral and building.

The first Catholic priest to arrive in Armidale came in 1853. He took services in a small wooden Catholic Church that had opened in 1848. The priest then built a parsonage which became part of De La Salle College, now O’Connor High School. It has since been demolished. In 1862 the Catholic Diocese of Armidale was established but it was 1869 before the first bishop, Bishop O’Mahony, settled in Armidale. He was consecrated as bishop in 1871 at the same time as the commissioning of the cathedral. It was dedicated in 1872 but replaced by the current cathedral in 1912. When Bishop O’Mahony left he was replaced by Bishop Torreggiani who was replaced by Bishop O’Connor in 1904.

The new cathedral of St. Mary and St. Joseph was built in Pyrmont stone from Sydney and Armidale polychrome (or multi- coloured) bricks. Such brick work was popular in the 1880s but out of fashion by 1912. Brown, cream and red bricks were used for the cathedral to highlight its architectural features. It is a much larger structure than the Anglican cathedral and dominates the townscape around Central Park. The brickwork was used for quoins, cross banding and other feature work. It was designed in Gothic style by Sherrin and Hennessy in Sydney and constructed by a local builder Frederick Nott. It has a turreted tower with a needle spire on top with louvre windows. It has the original slate roof and fine marble work inside and outside in the form of fine marble statues. The interior is also noted for its fine hammer beam ceiling. The pipe organ was made in 1900 in England and rebuilt here in 1912. Like the Anglicans, the Catholics divided the New England diocese in 1887 when the Diocese of Grafton was established.

Near the cathedral but further along Barney Street is the Merici House which was built as a Catholic School and convent very early in 1882. Angela Merici was the founder of the Ursuline Order of Nuns who began teaching at that school in 1883. The Ursulines arrived from London in 1882 to do missionary work in Armidale. Their order was established in Italy in 1534. The Ursulines in Armidale established their mother house here and sent nuns out to many other communities across NSW and Qld from Armidale. But in Armidale they set up St. Ursulines College from their small origins in Merici House near the Catholic Cathedral. It was erected as a fine two storey house for a local businessman in 1877. He sold it to the Ursuline Order in 1882. St. Ursuline College operated from 1882 until it merged with the Catholic boys’ school, La Salle College (established 1906 by Bishop O’Connor) in 1975. The amalgamated school was renamed O’Connor High School after Bishop O’Connor. O’Connor High School operates on a different site in the city of Armidale to the north east of the town.

Anglican Cathedral and associated buildings.

Bishop Broughton conducted the first Anglican service in Armidale in 1845 with the first church opening in 1850, followed by a parsonage for Rev. Tingcombe who was the first minister arriving in 1846. Armidale was part of the Diocese of Newcastle. Then in 1869 the diocese of Grafton and Armidale was established. The founding Bishop was James Turner from Norfolk, England. His diocese was the size of England! He started with 10 clergy and 21 churches. He appointed John Horbury Hunt to design and oversee the building of a suitable cathedral in Armidale. The foundation stone was laid in 1873 and the cathedral opened in 1875 as St. Peter’s. Hunt designed a relatively small cathedral of brick, his favourite building medium, rather than stone. Turner continued as Bishop until 1893. Before he left the diocese of Armidale he had the Christ Church Cathedral erected in Grafton in 1884 and a new Grafton diocese created. Bishop Turner also used John Horbury Hunt for cathedral that we saw in Grafton. By the time Turner left he had 2 diocese and 58 churches.

The Anglican Cathedral was made of Armidale blue bricks with clay taken from Saumarez station. The vestry was added in 1910 according to Hunt’s design (he died in 1903) and the tower, again according to Hunt’s design in 1936. The cathedral features Gothic arches, a square tower, small pyramids on top of buttresses, moulded bricks for special areas and interesting English bonds and patterns. Uralla granite was used for keystones and the foundations. The Deanery was also designed by Hunt and built of the same Armidale blue bricks in 1891. Hunt was known to make great demands on the brickies as he was a perfectionist and supervised all the intricate brickwork very closely. The result was an outstandingly fine cathedral. Note the band of green tiles above the main door included by Hunt. Note also the fine stained glass windows, and one is a memorial to Bishop Turner’s wife who died in 1879. The cathedral has a fine timber ceiling. Hunt even selected the pulpit and lectern to suit his design. The pulpit has an effigy of St. Peter carved in the sandstone. Some of Hunt’s original plans can be viewed in the Tower Room.

Mansions of Armidale.

Many of the mansions of Armidale were constructed in its economic boom period of the 1890s- 1910 when Hillgrove gold mine was at its peak. There are almost 70 buildings in Armidale on the Register of the National Estate. Some are churches or commercial buildings but most are significant houses, especially on the south hill behind the centre of Armidale. But the beautiful gardens hide many of these mansions from any passersby.

•Bishopscourt, (on the town outskirts of the way to Uralla) was built in 1934 as the home of the Anglican Bishop which it still is. It has acres of lawns and gardens.

•Akaroa, now part of New England Girls School was built in 1896. It has many Queen Anne style features including a rounded section. It is not visible from the road.

•Roseneath in Roseneath Lane is one of the oldest houses in Armidale as it was erected in 1854 as a veranda shaded Victorian house with louvre shuttered French windows to the veranda. Privately owned, in poor condition and with no suitable access for a coach.

•Mallam dates from 1869 as one of the last examples of a steep roofed house with dormer windows in the English style (94 Rusden Street). Mallam was the town’s chemist in the 1870s but was in investor in a flour mill, shops and others houses. He paid £1,200 to erect Mallam House. Note the chimney pots.

•The Armidale School. Notes to be provided later.

•Opawa House is in Mann Street at no 65. It was erected in 1915 and it features, wood, brick, and gables typical of that era.

•Trelawny at 84 Brown Street is fine residence built in 1904. It has a curved wrought iron lace work veranda with a prominent gable.

•Birida built in 1907 is typical of that era and is located at 108 Brown Street on the corner of Marsh Street. Note the slate roofed tower porch.

•The Railway Station. Built in 1882 ready for first train in 1883. Lace work done in the foundry in Uralla.

•Lindon Hall at 146 Mann Street is a late 19th century house from 1890. It has fine wrought iron lace work on the balcony. It is a single storey house.

•Teringa is located at 108 Mann Street. It dates from 1894 and is a typical Italianate style two storey house.

•Uloola at 160 Faulkner Street is another gentleman’s residence dating from 1908. It has an English “air “and depicts the Arts and Crafts movement house features.

•The Turrets is located at 145 Mossman Street. It was built in the 1860s and is known for its turrets.

•Highbury House built in 1910 is sited at 177 Faulkner Street. It has bay windows, a round window, arches etc

•The Arts and Crafts style house called Cotswold is located at 34 Marsh Street. It was built in 1918. It is now part of a motel. Next door is another fine house.

•Eynsford, 109 Jeffery St. Another Tudor revival two storey home from the 1920s. Stucco, lead light windows, with a beautiful garden.

Booloominbah.

This grand house is one of the gems designed by architect John Horbury Hunt who produced a number of buildings in Sydney and the country for the White family. One was even a French inspired castle! Frederick White commissioned this house which as built between 1883-88. But at Booloominbah Hunt used the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement along with his Canadian heritage which meant he used a lot of wood features. When built Booloominbah was the focus of a 20,000 acres sheep property and it was designed for grand livening. Frederick White almost behaved as the “squire” of Armidale as he was already a wealthy man and had properties in the Hunter Valley as well as New England. Booloominbah was his headquarters,but not his head station. The house is overloaded with features; gables, verandas, leadlight windows, wood panelling, impressive staircases, chimneys, a tower, arches, with an overwhelming asymmetrical façade. The house had grand drawing rooms, billiard room, servant’s quarters, service rooms etc. It had almost 50 rooms when built. It was surrounded by grand gardens to complete the picture of local importance. Below is the great stained glass window of Booloominbah commissioned by Frederick White. It depicts the life of General Gordon and his efforts in Sudan as Governor General of the Sudan. Gordon died during the year long siege of Khartoum in 1885 when he was beheaded by his Muslim nemesis. Frederick White was still an Englishman at heart and he was still committed to the glories of the Empire and this allowed him to relive this glory in his own house!

The house was named from a local Aboriginal word but its appearance was decidedly Canadian and English. Frederick White did not live in the house for long as he died in 1903 (when his nephew Francis White took over as leader of the White family in New England.) But Frederick’s widow lived on in Booloominbah for another thirty years. When she died in 1933 the contents were sold and Booloominbah left vacant until a son-in-law (he had married White’s daughter Kate) bought the house. Thomas Richmond Forster then donated the house to the University of Sydney to encourage them to establish the New England University College which the university did in 1938. The house came with about 180 acres of land and cost Forster around £30,000. Forster was a successful businessman and an Anglican layman and benefactor in Armidale. He had been campaigning for a university in Armidale since 1924. Booloominbah became the main administrative and first teaching area of the university and Forster became one of the leaders of the first University Advisory Council. Forster was also the major shareholder in The Armidale School (TAS.) Since the 1940s the university has restored Booloominbah to its former glory. It remains an iconic building of the former sheep pastoral area of New England.

Saumarez.

Henry Dumaresq from the Channel Islands, Jersey, named Saumarez after a property in Jersey. He squatted on land at Saumarez Ponds in 1834. Dumaresq sent his stockmen up here but always lived himself at Muswellbrook on the Hunter River. Saumarez was his head station in New England and he soon had over 100,000 acres of land under leasehold which included Tilbuster Station upon which the city of Armidale now stands. The runs extended from Uralla to beyond Armidale. In 1856 Dumaresq sold his run on to Henry Thomas. He held the run during the period when the government land acts were trying to break p the big runs and open up the land for closer settlement. Thomas took this opportunity to acquire freehold land on his Saumarez run and soon had 12,000 acres freehold. Thomas built a modest three roomed brick house on the run in the 1850s which is still standing. It is near the six roomed timber cottage that Henry Dumaresq built at Saumarez in the 1830s. In fact Henry Dumaresq had his assigned convicts build the cottage as they did most other early structures on Saumarez. In 1874 the nature of Saumarez property changed as it was sold to Francis White, the second son of James White of Edinglassie at Muswellbrook. Francis White took on a property of 20,000 freehold acres. He had properties in the Hunter, at Armidale, Guyra, in Queensland and the Northern Territory.

In 1886 Francis White was doing well, he had paid off the mortgage on the property and so he decided to build a mansion homestead on Saumarez for his residence. A single storey residence was completed in 1888 by a local Armidale builder. After his Uncle Frederick White of Booloominbah died in 1903 Francis decided he needed to entertain on a grander scale to maintain the White family prominence around Armidale. So whilst his wife and daughters were on a holiday in Europe had had a second storey added to the house in 1905/6. The new storey incorporated many Art Nouveau stylistic features. The White family lived in the house until it was donated to the National Trust in 1984 but they only donated the house. The White family still own the Saumarez property of around 6,000 acres. Saumarez House is surrounded by 5 acres of gardens. The house itself is gabled but with symmetrical facades and verandas. The house is built around a courtyard with one side for the Whites and the other for the servants and services such as the kitchens, laundries, butter rooms etc. The family wing contains two large drawing rooms and an elaborate Edwardian stair case. Front entrances were designed to impress visitors. The Whites used Saumarez for official functions, garden parties, tennis parties etc. The house walls are of Flemish bond brick work. The interior joinery on doors, windows, fireplace surrounds etc is Red Cedar. Native flowers are used on the stained glass work including Flannel flowers, waratah, native Lillies etc. Whites three daughters made much carved wooden work for the house.

Zwiggelte

"The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) is an aperture synthesis interferometer built on the site of the former World War II Nazi detention and transit camp Westerbork, north of the village of Westerbork, Midden-Drenthe, in the northeastern Netherlands.

The WRST comprises fourteen 25-metre radio telescopes deployed in a linear array arranged on a 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) East-West line, of which 10 are in a fixed equidistant position, 2 are nearby on a 300 m rail track, and 2 are located a kilometer eastwards on another 200 m rail track. It has a similar arrangement to other radio telescopes such as the One-Mile Telescope, Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Ryle Telescope. Its Equatorial mount is what sets it apart from most other radio telescopes, most of which have an Altazimuth mount. This makes it specifically useful for specific types of science, like polarized emission research as the detectors maintain a constant orientation on the sky during an observation. Ten of the telescopes are on fixed mountings while the remaining two dishes are movable along two rail tracks. The telescope was completed in 1970 and underwent a major upgrade between 1995 – 2000." (Wikipedia)

Source & more information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbork_Synthesis_Radio_Telescope

At 3764 metres, Mt Cook in New Zealand is the highest of the country's 27 mountains over 3000 metres.

It is called Aoraki (or Aorangi, ao meaning land, rangi meaning sky or heavens) by the Maori.

New Zealand's highest peak was named Mt Cook (after the British explorer Captain James Cook) by Captain Stokes of the survey ship HMS Acheron.

Mt Cook sits at the heart of New Zealand’s Alpine country, within the 700 square kilometres of Mt Cook national park, and is almost equidistant from Christchurch and Queenstown.

Lake Pukaki is a lake in New Zealand's South Island. It is the second-largest of three roughly parallel alpine lakes running north-south along the northern edge of the Mackenzie Basin (the others are Lakes Tekapo and Ohau). All three lakes were created by receding glaciers blocking their respective valleys with their terminal moraine (a moraine-dammed lake). The glacial feed to the lakes gives them a distinctive blue colour, created by glacial flour (extremely finely ground rock particles from the glaciers).

6592

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia

Peggys Point Lighthouse (also known as Peggy's Cove Lighthouse) is in Peggys Cove and is an iconic Canadian image. It is one of the busiest tourist attractions in Nova Scotia and is a prime attraction on the Lighthouse Trail scenic drive. The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is officially known as the Peggys Point Lighthouse.

Peggys Cove is a classic red-and-white lighthouse still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The light station is situated on an extensive granite outcrop at Peggys Point, immediately south of the village and its cove. This lighthouse is one of the most-photographed structures in Atlantic Canada and one of the most recognizable lighthouses in the world.

Visitors may explore the granite outcrop on Peggys Point around the lighthouse; despite numerous signs warning of unpredictable surf (including one on a bronze plaque on the lighthouse itself), several visitors each year are swept off the rocks by waves, sometimes drowning.

Peggys Cove is 43 kilometers (26 miles) southwest of downtown Halifax and comprises one of the numerous small fishing communities located around the perimeter of the Chebucto Peninsula. The community is named after the cove of the same name, a name also shared with Peggy's Point, immediately to the east of the cove. The village marks the eastern point of St. Margaret's Bay.(Wikipedia)

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111

Swissair Flight 111

Swissair Flight 111 (SR111, SWR111) was a Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on a scheduled airline flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. This flight was also a codeshare flight with Delta Air Lines.

On Wednesday, 2 September 1998, the aircraft used for the flight, registered HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Halifax International Airport at the entrance to St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the tiny fishing and tourist communities of Peggys Cove and Bayswater. All 229 people on board died—the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and the second-highest of any air disaster to occur in Canada, after Arrow Air Flight 1285. This is one of only two hull losses of the passenger configured MD-11, along with China Airlines Flight 642.

The initial search and rescue response, crash recovery operation, and resulting investigation by the Government of Canada took over four years and cost CAD 57 million (at that time approximately US$38 million). The Transportation Safety Board of Canada's (TSB) official report of their investigation stated that flammable material used in the aircraft's structure allowed a fire to spread beyond the control of the crew, resulting in a loss of control and the crash of the aircraft.

Swissair Flight 111 was known as the "UN shuttle" due to its popularity with United Nations officials; the flight often carried business executives, scientists, and researchers

Aircraft

The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, serial number 48448 registered HB-IWF, was manufactured in 1991 and Swissair was its only operator. It bore the title of Vaud, in honor of the Swiss canton of the same name. The airframe had a total of 36,041 hours. The three engines were Pratt & Whitney 4462s. The cabin was configured with 241 seats (12 six-abreast first-, 49 seven-abreast business-, and 180 nine-abreast economy-class). First- and business-class seats were equipped with an in seat in-flight entertainment system, installed at some point after initial entry into service. (Wikipedia)

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Deutschland / Nordrhein-Westfalen - Schloss Körtlinghausen

Kallenhardt - Schloss-Route

Schloss Körtlinghausen is a Baroque Schloss (château) in Germany's Sauerland region, roughly equidistant between Dortmund and Kassel. It is sited on the southern bank of the River Glenne and it is surrounded by a moat.

Beyond the moat it one of the country's largest and oldest Oak trees, which is more than a thousand years old. The circumference of the trunk just above ground level is 12.4 m (41 ft).

The first documented mention of a castle on the site dates from 1398.

The current château replaced an earlier previous moated fortress. The manor belonged to the von Schorlemer and the von Rüdenberg families till 1447 when it was acquired by the von Lürwalds. They were followed by the von Hanxleden who were in their turn succeeded by the von Westrems in 1614. Between 1645 and 1819 it belonged to the von Weichs family.

In 1714 Franz Otto von und zu Weichs instructed the architect Justus Wehmer to construct a replacement château in the fashionable Baroque style, and the new building was completed in 1746. The von Fürstenbergs acquired it in 1830: it has remained in this family since that time.

In 1945 the château was occupied by the British and became as a holding centre for refugees rendered homeless by ethnic cleansing after large parts of eastern Germany had been transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of an agreement between the United States, the Soviet Union and their allies. Between 1956 and 1994 it was rented out for use as a training school for the Bundesverband für den Selbstschutz ("National Self-defence Association"). Between 1999 and 2004 the château underwent an extensive restoration under the direction of the then owner, Baron Dietger von Fürstenberg, whose work earned him a prize for Historic preservation. In order to finance the work the baron sold a twelfth century German manuscript document, known as the "Stammheim Missal", and which had been in his family for generations, to the Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Today the château is made available for conferences, receptions and other large functions. Buildings on the north side house administrative operations for the house and its farm estate.

The site comprises a rectangular manor house with two detached wings, one on each side, to the north of the main building. Between them these form three sides of a four sided courtyard. To the north of that runs part of the moat, across which a continuation of the courtyard is flanked by the stable block. Within the moat, the principal island is the one on which the mansion and its detached wings stand: there is also a small "unbuilt" island to the west of that.

The windows of the simple rendered building are framed in sandstone. On the main building the lines of the hipped roof are interrupted by gable windows, and the roof is topped off with four substantial chimney blocks. On each of the long sides of the court-yard ("Cour d'honneur"), it is rimmed by two short pavilion-like detached wings. On the garden (south) side the double steps approaching the main arched entrance are inscribed with the date, 1721. On the court-yard side the main entrance of the main building is topped of with a double double coats of arms of the von Weichs and (in the eighteenth century, neighbouring) von Droste zu Erwitte aristocratic families.

The main double staircase leads to the first floor via a raised mezzanine halfway up A large ground floor reception room, with rich stucco decoration and frescoes on the ceiling, overlooks the park. The coat of arms of the Baron von Weichs who had the château built is prominently displayed along with those of each of his three successive wives.

The chapel is directly accessible from either of the building's two main floors. The ceiling is decorated with a geometrical stucco design incorporating the image of Mary Magdalene, to whom the chapel is dedicated. The ceiling was painted in 1727. The altar dates from 1739. The raised box (literally "patronal loggia"), constructed to be occupied by the lord of the manor and his family during services, is particularly eye-catching.

(Wikipedia)

Eine Route voller Sehenswürdigkeiten aber auch immer inmitten der eindrucksvollen Natur des Naturpark Arnsberger Wald. Sei es das historische Rathaus oder das barocke Wasserschloss - hier gibt es viel zu entdecken. Aber auch architektonische Neuheiten erwarten den interessierten Wanderer auf seinem Weg. Begeben Sie sich auf eine kleine Zeitreise in und um die ehemals kurkölnische Bergveste Kallenhardt und lassen Sie den Tag bei regional-typischen Leckereien ausklingen. Oder entdecken Sie die heimische Brennereikunst direkt vor Ort!

(tourismus-ruethen.de)

Das Schloss Körtlinghausen liegt im Sauerland an der Glenne zwischen Rüthen und Warstein im Kreis Soest. Das barocke Wasserschloss wurde im Glennetal nordwestlich von Kallenhardt (einem Ortsteil der Stadt Rüthen) erbaut. In Körtlinghausen stand die größte und mächtigste Eiche Deutschlands. Sie wurde etwa 1100 Jahre alt, war 22 m hoch und hatte einen Stammumfang von 12,4 m (knapp über dem Erdboden).

An der Stelle existierte eine steinerne Burganlage mit einem Wassergraben. Die Anlage war im 14. Jahrhundert im Besitz der Familien von Schorlemer und von Rüdenberg. Im Jahr 1398 kam der Schorlemersche Anteil an die von Lürwald. Nachdem die Rüdenberger zeitweise alleinige Besitzer waren, erwarb die Familie von Lürwald 1447 Haus und Besitz. Schon wenige Jahre später veräußerten sie ihn an die von Hanxleden. Im Jahr 1614 kam Körtlinghausen an die von Westrem. Von 1645 bis 1819 war es im Besitz der Familie von Weichs.

Das Schloss wurde 1714 von Oberjägermeister Freiherr Franz Otto von und zu Weichs nach den Plänen von Justus Wehmer erbaut. 1830 wurden die Freiherren von Fürstenberg Besitzer von Schloss Körtlinghausen, was bis heute der Fall ist. Nach 1945 wurde es als Flüchtlingsheim genutzt. Von 1956 bis 1994 war im Schloss eine Schule des Bundesverbandes für den Selbstschutz untergebracht. Für die 1999 begonnene Restaurierung und Sanierung von Körtlinghausen wurde 2004 Dietger Freiherr von Fürstenberg der Preis für Denkmalpflege in Westfalen-Lippe verliehen. Finanziert wurde das Vorhaben durch den Verkauf des Stammheimer Missale, einer bedeutenden Hildesheimer Handschrift aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, an das J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Heute wird das Schloss Körtlinghausen für festliche Veranstaltungen und Tagungen vermietet. In den nördlichen Vorgebäuden befinden sich die Verwaltung und Landwirtschaft.

Das Schloss diente als Drehort für den 2017 erschienenen Kinofilm Happy Burnout.

Zur Schlossanlage gehören das rechteckige Herrenhaus mit zwei Seitenflügeln an der Längsseite sowie der Schlosshof mit Kavaliersgebäuden. Das Herrenhaus im Teich steht auf einer von zwei Inseln. Die Fenster des schlichten, verputzten Gebäudes sind in Sandstein gerahmt. Aus dem mit Gauben bestückten Walmdach ragen vier Kamine heraus. An beiden Längsseiten sind je zwei kurze, pavillonartig vorspringende Flügel angebaut. An drei Gebäudeseiten befinden sich übergiebelte Risalite, wobei der hofseitige durch ein Dachhaus überhöht wurde. Die zweiarmige Freitreppe an der Gartenseite, mit zierlichem Altan, ist mit 1721 bezeichnet. An dem Portal der Hofseite ist das Allianzwappen derer von Weichs und von Droste zu Erwitte (Haus Füchten) angebracht.

Das Treppenhaus mit zweigeteiltem Lauf wird auf halber Höhe zusammengeführt. Zur Gartenseite hin, im Obergeschoss, befindet sich ein Festsaal mit Deckengemälden und reicher Stuckierung. Jeweils in den Ecken sind die Wappen des Bauherren und seiner drei Ehefrauen angebracht.

Die Schlosskapelle ist der hl. Maria Magdalena geweiht. Zugänge sind in beiden Geschossen des Herrenhauses. An der geometrisch stuckierten Decke ist ein Gemälde der Kapellenheiligen zu sehen. Es wurde wohl in der Zeit vor 1727 gemalt. Der Altar wurde nach 1739 gebaut. Bestimmendes Ausstattungsstück der Kapelle ist die Herrschaftsloge.

Die beiden Vorgebäude nach einem Entwurf von Nagel, sind im Stil stark an Bauten Wehmers angelehnt. Das westliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Westrem ist mit 1731 bezeichnet, das östliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Galen ist mit 1743 bezeichnet. Die südlich angebaute Remise wurde mit einem Glockentürmchen bekrönt. In der Mitte der dreiflügeligen Ökonomie springt ein Torrisalit hervor. Am Westflügel steht das Torhaus von 1736, es wurde 1850 aufgestockt. Der Terrassengarten mit parabelförmigem Grundriss ist über eine Zugbrücke erschlossen.

(Wikipedia)

"Nassau Hall (or colloquially Old Nassau) is the oldest building at Princeton University in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. In 1783 it served as the United States Capitol building for four months. At the time it was built in 1756, Nassau Hall was the largest building in colonial New Jersey and the largest academic building in the American colonies.

The university, originally known as the College of New Jersey, held classes for one year in Elizabeth and nine years in Newark before the hall was completed in 1756. Designed originally by Robert Smith, the building was subsequently remodeled by notable American architects Benjamin Latrobe, after the 1802 fire, and John Notman, after the 1855 fire. In the early years of Princeton University, Nassau Hall accommodated classrooms, a library, a chapel, and residential space for students and faculty. It housed the university's first Department of Psychology, for example.

During the American Revolutionary War, Nassau Hall was possessed by both British and American forces and suffered considerable damage, especially during the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. From June 30 to November 4, 1783, Princeton was the provisional capital of the United States, and Nassau Hall served as its seat of government. The Congress of the Confederation met in the building's library on the second floor. According to Princeton University, "Here Congress congratulated George Washington on his successful termination of the war, received the news of the signing of the definitive treaty of peace with Great Britain, and welcomed the first foreign minister—from the Netherlands—accredited to the United States."

At present, Nassau Hall houses Princeton University's administrative offices, including that of the university's president. Old Nassau refers affectionately to the building and serves as a metonym for the university as a whole. The U.S. Department of the Interior designated Nassau Hall a National Historic Landmark in 1960, "signifying its importance in the Revolutionary War and in the history of the United States."

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. It is one of the highest-ranked universities in the world. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, and then to the current site nine years later. It officially became a university in 1896 and was subsequently renamed Princeton University.

The university is governed by the Trustees of Princeton University and has an endowment of $37.7 billion, the largest endowment per student in the United States. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering to approximately 8,500 students on its 600 acres (2.4 km2) main campus. It offers postgraduate degrees through the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance. The university also manages the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and is home to the NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and has one of the largest university libraries in the world.

Princeton uses a residential college system and is known for its upperclassmen eating clubs. The university has over 500 student organizations. Princeton students embrace a wide variety of traditions from both the past and present. The university is a NCAA Division I school and competes in the Ivy League. The school's athletic team, the Princeton Tigers, has won the most titles in its conference and has sent many students and alumni to the Olympics.

As of October 2021, 75 Nobel laureates, 16 Fields Medalists and 16 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science awardees, 5 Abel Prize awardees, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 215 Rhodes Scholars and 137 Marshall Scholars. Two U.S. Presidents, twelve U.S. Supreme Court Justices (three of whom currently serve on the court) and numerous living industry and media tycoons and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton's alumni body. Princeton has graduated many members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Cabinet, including eight Secretaries of State, three Secretaries of Defense and two Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War. It is the home of Princeton University, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark. Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town, other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study, Westminster Choir College, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton Theological Seminary, Opinion Research Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Corporate Research, SRI International, FMC Corporation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amrep, Church and Dwight, Berlitz International, and Dow Jones & Company.

Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g., Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jersey's capital city, New Brunswick and Edison." - info from Wikipedia.

The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.

Now on Instagram.

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Before the No.12 services were booked to serve the West Shore stop in Llandudno, they would idle away the time between operations at this layover stop equidistant between West Shore and Llandudno Stop C. Waiting for departure time on its first visit to Llandudno is D171 FYM (3997) at the beginning of regular open-top workings on the 12 route, which lasted throughout the summer of 2010.

22nd May 2010.

Island Tip Dyke Loop Trail

Deas Island Regional Park

Ladner, BC Canada

One of the best ways to get a feeling for the Fraser Estuary is from a small boat such as a canoe or kayak. Although the Fraser River powers its way through the estuary in three main channels, there are numerous backwaters where the current is not as strong nor the wakes from passing tugboats and freighters as intimidating. Try launching at Deas Slough and explore the nearby Ladner Marsh area.

The heart of the slough is equidistant from either Ferry Road or Deas Island Park. If you want to expand your journey beyond the slough, investigate the secluded channels of Ladner Marsh and the South Arm Marshes Wildlife Management Area that begins west of the Ferry Road boat launch and includes all of the delta between Deas and Westham Islands.

This image is best viewed in Large screen.

Thank-you for your visit, and please know that any faves or comments are always greatly appreciated!

Sonja

Ladner, BC Canada

One of the best ways to get a feeling for the Fraser Estuary is from a small boat such as a canoe or kayak. Although the Fraser River powers its way through the estuary in three main channels, there are numerous backwaters where the current is not as strong nor the wakes from passing tugboats and freighters as intimidating. Try launching at Deas Slough and explore the nearby Ladner Marsh area.

The heart of the slough is equidistant from either Ferry Road or Deas Island Park. If you want to expand your journey beyond the slough, investigate the secluded channels of Ladner Marsh and the South Arm Marshes Wildlife Management Area that begins west of the Ferry Road boat launch and includes all of the delta between Deas and Westham Islands.

Image best viewed in large screen.

Thank-you for your visit, and any comments or faves are always very much appreciated! ~Sonja

Zwiggelte

"The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) is an aperture synthesis interferometer built on the site of the former World War II Nazi detention and transit camp Westerbork, north of the village of Westerbork, Midden-Drenthe, in the northeastern Netherlands.

The WRST comprises fourteen 25-metre radio telescopes deployed in a linear array arranged on a 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) East-West line, of which 10 are in a fixed equidistant position, 2 are nearby on a 300 m rail track, and 2 are located a kilometer eastwards on another 200 m rail track. It has a similar arrangement to other radio telescopes such as the One-Mile Telescope, Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Ryle Telescope. Its Equatorial mount is what sets it apart from most other radio telescopes, most of which have an Altazimuth mount. This makes it specifically useful for specific types of science, like polarized emission research as the detectors maintain a constant orientation on the sky during an observation. Ten of the telescopes are on fixed mountings while the remaining two dishes are movable along two rail tracks. The telescope was completed in 1970 and underwent a major upgrade between 1995 – 2000." (Wikipedia)

Source & more information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbork_Synthesis_Radio_Telescope

The Bara Gumbad, or "big dome," is a large domed structure grouped together with the Friday mosque of Sikander Lodi and a mehman khana (guesthouse), located in New Delhi's Lodi Gardens. The buildings were constructed at different times during the Lodi era and occupy a common raised platform. Formerly an outlying area of Delhi, the Lodi Gardens are a British-planned landscaped garden which includes a number of monuments (primarily tombs) from the Sayyid and the Lodi dynasties. Originally called Willingdon Park, the gardens were located in the former village of Khairpur, now on the edge of Lutyen's Delhi, the colonial capital built by the British in the early 20th century. The gardens, which cover approx. 70 acres, have come to be surrounded by institutional buildings and some of contemporary Delhi's most expensive real estate.

Although they were built under the same dynasty, each of the three structures was undertaken separately. The Bara Gumbad, completed in 1490, is considered to have the first full dome constructed in Delhi. Its original purpose is contested; although it appears to be a freestanding tomb, it contains no tombstone. This causes the speculation that the building might have been intended as a gateway for the Friday mosque; however, their respective placements, stylistic differences, and construction dates do not support this theory. The Friday mosque, completed in 1494, is the first example of the new mosque type that developed during the Lodi era. Characterized by a relatively simple five bay prayer hall building adjacent to a simple open courtyard, this type was an important precedent for mosque architecture in the Lodi and Mughal eras.

The complex can be accessed from various points along the roads bordering the Lodi Gardens, with the access from the Lodi road towards the south most prominent. The buildings are situated at a distance of about 300 meters from Muhammad Shah's tomb towards the south and about 380 meters from Sikander Lodi's tomb towards the north. Another prominent structure, the Shish Gumbad, is located facing the Bara Gumbad at a distance of about seventy-five meters towards the north. The area surrounding the buildings is landscaped with manicured grass lawns. Few trees are planted in the immediate vicinity, leaving the view of the structures unobscured. The path winding through the Lodi Gardens approaches the buildings axially from the north, although the building plinth is accessible all from all sides.

The buildings are sited on a three-meter-high platform, measuring approximately 30 meters (east-west) by 25 meters (north-south). The Friday mosque is located along the western edge of the platform; the guesthouse is sited opposite it, occupying the eastern edge, while the Bara Gumbad is located along the southern edge. Stone masonry walls, about six meters high, connect the three structures along the southern edge. The northern edge is provided with staircases for accessing the platform. A centrally located straight flight comprising of eight steps, about ten meters wide, connects the ground to a generous mid landing. Another 'C' shaped flight of eight steps wraps around the landing, creating an amphitheatre-like space and reaching the top of the platform. The current arrangement of steps appears to be more recent, and the remains of walls adjoining the southern face of the guesthouse and the mosque indicate that the northern edge might have originally been walled. In the center of the raised court, with its southern edge along the staircase, are the remains of a square shaped platform, 8 meters wide, which appears to be a grave.

Friday mosque:

The Friday mosque is a single aisled, rectangular building, approx. 30 meters (north-south) by 8 meters (east-west). The mosque is organized in five unequal bays, which correspond to the five arched doorways on the eastern (entry) elevation. The width of the arched doorways decreases from the center towards the sides. The arches span across grey granite piers. The central arch is framed within a projecting rectangular portal, measuring about 8 meters in height by 6 meters wide. The piers of the rectangular frame are cased in dressed granite and have three shallow arched niches in red sandstone, occurring vertically above the springing point of the arch, on either side. The doorway itself is described by four receding planes of ogee arches, the outermost one being in line with the external face of the rectangular portal. The doorways immediately to the side of the central portal are about 5 meters wide, while those at the two ends are approx. 1.5 meters wide with two receding planes of ogee arches, adding to the prominence of the central doorway. The apex of each innermost arch is constant, measuring approx. 5 meters from the top of the platform. Each arch is finished in plaster and embellished with intricate carved Arabic inscriptions. The spandrels are also heavily carved with geometric motifs, and their the corners are adorned with round inscribed plaster medallions. Red sandstone eaves (chajjas) on stone brackets top the arches, interrupted only by the central projecting portal that extends above them. There is a blank plastered frieze above the eaves, followed by the projecting horizontal bands of the cornice that is topped by a blind masonry parapet adorned with petal shaped crenellations with inscribed plaster medallions.

The interior of the prayer hall reflects the five bay division of the eastern elevation. It is a rectangular space, measuring about 27 meters (north-south) by about 7 meters (east-west). Additional arches spanning between the piers on the eastern elevation and the engaged piers of the western wall emphasize the demarcation of the interior space into bays. These internal ogee arches reach a height of about five meters. They are finished in plaster and profusely decorated with carvings of Arabic inscriptions. The piers are unornamented, dressed gray granite.

The qibla (western) wall of the prayer hall is a blind wall divided into five unequal bays expressed as recessed ogee arched niches, reflecting the arched openings on the eastern wall. The two bays adjacent to the central bay have three equal niches carved out from the portion below the springing line of the main arch. These niches are separated by granite piers, which have smaller arched niches in the top third of their elevation. The three niches are made of two layers of ogee arches framed by the piers. The external layer is in gray-yellow granite, while the interior arch is made of red sandstone. The central niche is mildly distinguishable from the others because its arched portion is curved and the imposts are engraved, while those of the adjacent arches are plain. The innermost rectangular portion of the central niche is blank, while that of the adjoining niches has the carving of a vase and flora inscribed in it. The tympanum of the main outer arch is finished in plaster and has an additional niche directly above the central niche which is embellished heavily with plaster carvings of Arabic inscriptions. A band of similar inscriptions runs along the interior perimeter of the arch and around the upper niche in a closed loop. The voussoirs of the outer arch are plastered and embellished with another layer of carvings. The central bay of the western wall also has three niches, each made of four recessed planes of alternating rectangular and arched profiles. The central mihrab niche is taller and wider. It is also shallower and the innermost plane is blank, while the other two niches are deeper set with relief work. A stone minbar with three steps has been provided abutting the northern pier of the central niche.

Hemispherical domes cover the three central bays, while the terminal bays are covered by low flat vaulted ceilings. The square plan of the three central bays transitions into an octagonal drum through the application of corbelled pendentives at the corners. The corbelling occurs in four layers, which increases in width from the bottom up. The layers are further embellished with curved niches set into rectangular frames, which also increase in number, the lowest corbel having one and the last corbel having five such niches. The last layers of the pendentives form alternate edges of the octagonal drum; the remaining edges being formed by the extension of the walls and are also provided with similar curved niches. The octagonal drum transitions into a hexadecagon, followed by a thirty-two-sided polygon by the provisions of small struts. Each face of the hexadecagon is provided with shallow niches, while the thirty-two-sided polygon is described by a projecting band of red sandstone, followed by a band of inscriptions finally topped by the hemispherical dome. The dome is finished in plain plaster. The voussoirs of the arches, the pendentives and the tympanum are all covered by intricate stucco Arabic inscriptions. The central dome is relatively higher that the other two domes.

The northern and southern walls of the mosque are punctured by ogee arch doorways below the springline of the main arch. Each opening leads to a projecting balcony, comprising of red sandstone posts supporting a tiered roof. The balconies protrude out from the faade and are supported on red sandstone brackets, whose profiles and carvings are characteristic of Hindu architecture. An elaborately carved arched niche is provided above each opening on the interior wall. It is set into a rectangular frame embossed with Arabic text.

The plasterwork on the external northern and southern walls of the mosque has fallen off, exposing the stone masonry, while that on the western wall has survived. The central bay of the western wall projects out and is marked by two solid towers at the corners. These towers are divided vertically into four layers; the first two layers from the bottom are orthogonal, while the third layer has alternating curved and angular fluting; the top layer, extending over the parapet of the mosque, has a circular section. The corners of the mosque are marked by similar tapering towers, which are divided into four layers. Each layer is circular in plan except the third layer, which is described by alternating curved and angular fluting. All the towers have the remains of finials at their apex. The central projecting wall has four red sandstone brackets in its upper third portion, which may have supported a projecting balcony similar to those on the north and south elevations.

The plasterwork on the walls of the plinth is now gone, exposing the rubble masonry construction below. The western face of the plinth is punctured by five ogee arch openings set into rectangular frames, one in the center and two each on the sides. These openings provide access to the basement within the plinth.

The roof has three domes corresponding to the three central bays of the prayer hall and the three central arches on the eastern elevation. The extrados of the domes are finished in plaster. The octagonal drums supporting the domes protrude out over the roof level, above which the circular bases of the domes are decorated with blind crestings having floral motifs. The central dome is marginally larger than the adjacent domes and all three have the remains of lotus finials at their apex.

Bara Gumbad:

Square in plan, the Bara Gumbad measures approx. 20 meters per side. Set on a plinth 3 meters high, it joins the common plinth on the north and projects beyond it to the south. Its plinth is decorated on the east, south, and west with ogee arch openings set into rectangular frames. These provide access to a basement.The walls of the Bara Gumbad are approx. 12 meters tall, above which a hemispherical dome on a hexadecagonal drum extends another 14 meters from the roof level, for a total building height of 29 meters above ground level.

Each of its elevations is nearly identical and divided into 2 horizontal sections. A projecting portal composed of an ogee arch set in a rectangular frame (approx. 8 meters wide), is centered in each elevation and rises approximately 75 cm above the parapet line of the building. The 1.5 meter wide frame is made of dressed gray granite. Each vertical pier of the frame has six shallow red sandstone niches arranged atop one another at varying heights; nine niches continue in a line along the horizontal portion of the frame. The portal is described by two receding planes of grey granite ogee arches; the spandrels are cased with black granite with a thin projecting edge of red sandstone. Two round plaster medallions adorn the spandrels. The lower layer of the portal has a central doorway, spanned by two red sandstone brackets that form a trabeated arch supporting a black granite lintel. These brackets are supported on grey granite posts. An intricately carved red sandstone frame adorns the brackets and the lintel; it starts at the springing point of the arch and frames the lintel of the doorway. The entire composition is set in a rectangular yellow sandstone frame. An ogee arch window has been provided above the trabeated entrance. The portal is crowned by the arched crenellations of the blind parapet. Solid turrets mark the projecting corners of the portal.

The remainder of the elevation, that flanking the central portal on either side and recessed behind it, is divided vertically into two equivalent parts by projecting horizontal bands of stone. Each part is described by two equal arched panels set into rectangular frames. Both the panels of the upper part on either side of the portal are blind and filled with granite masonry. The lower panels located adjacent to the portal are windows, while the lower panels at the edges are filled in. The parapet, like the portal, is decorated with arched crenellations, and the roof has solid turrets at each corner.

A single hemispherical dome surmounted on a sixteen-sided drum crowns the building. Each face of the drum is described by an ogee arched niche set in a rectangular frame. The voussoirs of the arches are gray granite, while the spandrels are clad with red sandstone. The top edge of the drum is decorated with a band of arched crenellations, similar to those on the roof parapets, running above a projecting band of stone that surrounds the drum. Below this projection is band of leaves carved in relief. The extrados of the dome are finished in smooth plaster. The lotus base, possibly for a vanished calyx finial, is still extant.

The structure can be entered either from the raised courtyard via the north elevation or from a double flight of steps located on the western elevation. Inside, the square building measures about seven meters per side. An 80 cm high, 45 cm wide solid seat runs continuously along the interior perimeter of the building. Light streams in from all four walls, which are punctured by the openings of the doorway at the ground level and the ogee arch window above. The interior surfaces of the Gumbad are unornamented and finished in dressed granite. The square plan of the room transitions into an octagon via squinches, which then support the thirty-two-sided drum and the dome. The apex of the dome has two bands of floral inscriptions; otherwise, the dome is finished in plaster. The absence of historical inscriptions has contributed to the confusion over the original purpose of the Bara Gumbad.

Mehman Khana:

The third structure in the group is rectangular in plan, measuring about 27 meters (north-south) by 7 seven meters (east-west). Located along the eastern edge of the common plinth, it faces the mosque and is connected to the Bara Gumbad by a masonry wall along its northern face. The structure is believed to have either been a mehman khana, (guesthouse) or a majlis khana (assembly hall).

The building is accessed from the common plinth through its western wall, which is divided into five bays, mirroring the eastern elevation of the mosque opposite it. The three central bays are considerably larger and have ogee arch doorways, giving access to the interior, while windows puncture the smaller end bays. The arches are set in rectangular frames, which are recessed from the face of the elevation. Each opening is composed of two recessed planes of arches. The spandrels are clad in red sandstone, contrasting with the gray granite of the elevation, and are decorated with round plaster medallions with lotus motifs. The window openings have an additional tie beam or lintel at the springline. The tympanum of the window towards the south has been filled with stone, while that of the window towards the north has been left open. A continuous chajja, supported on equidistant stone brackets, projects from the western wall above the rectangular frame. The cornice is unornamented and is topped by the projecting horizontal band of the parapet, which reaches a height of approximately five meters from the top of the raised plinth. The roof of the structure is flat. The exterior of the building lacks decoration and is finished in dressed granite.

The interior is divided into seven chambers occurring from north to south; the central chamber is the largest, measuring about 5 meters (north-south) long. It is abutted by relatively narrow chambers (approx. 2.5 meters long). The outside chambers which flank the 2.5 meter wide chambers on either side are approximately the size of the central chamber, and correspond to the arched openings in the western wall. The chambers are separated from each other by gray granite walls, punctured by simple ogee arched doorways set in rectangular frames. Square in plan, the outer rooms are separated from the adjacent chambers by stone walls with rectangular door openings with blind ogee arches and rectangular frames. Each doorway has shallow rectangular recesses on either side, as well as a small arched window set into a rectangular recess and a stone jali screen set above the doorway within the tympanum of the main arch. The eastern wall of the building has blind ogee arches, occurring as two successive planes, reflecting the arched openings of the western elevation.

The roof of the central chamber is flat and supported on arches located on four sides; flat stone brackets appear at the corners. The two adjacent rooms are covered by shallow domes supported on squinches. The interior domes are finished in plaster with carved concave fluting. The exterior of the domes has been filled to blend with the flat roof of the central room.

Certain stylistic continuities are recognizable in the three buildings; each was constructed with (local) gray granite and lime mortar. However, the degree and type of embellishment, both interior and exterior, on the mosque differs substantially from that found on the other two, relatively unadorned, buildings.

Apart from the grouping of the three structures and their stylistic similarities, the buildings do not appear to have been planned as a complex. The Friday mosque is the first example of the panchmukhi building type, where "panch" (five) and "mukhi " (facade) characterize a five-bay prayer hall. This approach was influential in both the Lodi and the Mughal periods. The Bara Gumbad is significant for having the first complete hemispherical dome in Delhi.

The differences in the surface ornament of the buildings suggest that the buildings were constructed at different times, with the Bara Gumbad and the guesthouse being similar in style and decoration, without the multilayered arches of the Friday mosque. The function of the Bara Gumbad is still unknown; its geometry and form aligns with the predominant tomb architecture of the period (like the neighboring Shish Gumbad). However, there is no grave or cenotaph in the building, and rather than being blank, its qibla wall (like its other walls) is punctured by an entrance. While the continuous stone bench in the interior is also found in gateway architecture, (as in the Alai Darwaza at the Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Mehrauli), the size of the Bara Gumbad vis-a-vis the Friday mosque does not support this conjecture. Some scholars surmise that the structure might have been a gateway to the larger complex of tombs within the Lodi Gardens.

Lodi Dynasty

-----------------

The Lodi dynasty in India arose around 1451 after the Sayyid dynasty. The Lodhi Empire was established by the Ghizlai tribe of the Afghans. They formed the last phase of the Delhi Sultanate. There were three main rulers in the history of Lodi dynasty. All three of them have been discussed in detail in the following lines. So read on about the Lodi dynasty history.

Buhlul Khan Lodi

Buhlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489) was the founder of the Lodi dynasty in India and the first Afghan ruler of Delhi. He was an Afghan noble who was a very brave soldier. Buhlul Khan seized the throne without much resistance from the then ruler, Alam Shah. His territory was spread across Jaunpur, Gwalior and northern Uttar Pradesh. During his reign in 1486, he appointed his eldest son Barbak Shah as the Viceroy of Jaunpur. Though he was an able ruler, he really couldn't decide as to which son of his should succeed him as the heir to the throne.

Sikandar Lodi

After the death of Buhlul Khan, his second son succeeded him as the king. He was given the title of Sultan Sikander Shah. He was a dedicated ruler and made all efforts to expand his territories and strengthen his empire. His empire extended from Punjab to Bihar and he also signed a treaty with the ruler of Bengal, Alauddin Hussain Shah. He was the one who founded a new town where the modern day Agra stands. He was known to be a kind and generous ruler who cared for his subjects.

Ibrahim Lodhi

Ibrahim Lodhi was the son of Sikander who succeeded him after his death. Due to the demands of the nobles, his younger brother Jalal Khan was given a small share of the kingdom and was crowned the ruler of Jaunpur. However, Ibrahim's men assassinated him soon and the kingdom came back to Ibrahim Lodhi. Ibrahim was known to be a very stern ruler and was not liked much by his subjects. In order to take revenge of the insults done by Ibrahim, the governor of Lahore Daulat Khan Lodhi asked the ruler of Kabul, Babur to invade his kingdom. Ibrahim Lodhi was thus killed in a battle with Babur who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India. With the death of Ibrahim Lodhi, the Lodhi dynasty also came to an end.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynasty

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_Gardens

Coron Island is roughly equidistant from Manila and Puerto Princessa City. The Island has a rugged topography, generally mountainous and its terrain marked by steep rock and ravines. Almost 70% of the area made up of rocky cliffs, 25% is rolling hills and 5% relatively flat. Out of the total area, approximately 18% is occupied by the Tagbanua as residential and agricultural lands, as rock formations almost dominate the entire area. Large area is composed of Karst formations where swiftlets dwell and build their nest (birds nest). There are vertical limestone cliffs that reach up to 600 meters above sea level and eight (8) brackish lakes and three (3) smaller one's that have underground connections to the sea.

Coron Island comprises two barangays, Banuang Daan and Cabugao, all of them belong to the Indigenous Cultural Communities. There are 373 households with a population of 2,028 individuals of Tagbanua in the Island. The primary users of the resources of the island are the residents of these two settlements. Majority of the residents of the two barangays are seldom seen in the mountains except for the gatherers of edible bird's nests on towering cliffs that serve as the major source of income for Indigenous people in the island. Coron Island is wedge-shaped limestone island, dominated by Permian Limestone of Jurassic origin, with few of its coastal areas being covered by mangrove forests. It is situated in the Calamianes group of Islands and belongs to the Municipality of Coron.

Some of the rare places not found in the regions are the fantastic and legendary lagoons which are wide, deep and with very clear water, interestingly nestled in one huge and rocky island popularly known as the Coron Islands. Encircled by giant walls of limestone cliffs, this jewel of a mountain, boarders the beautiful and wide Coron harbor, where more wonders of nature abide. Source: whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5035/

This is one of the most beautiful places I have seen in the whole wide world and would love come here again and again! Have wonderful day and night, my dear Flickr friends! ;-)

Many connected equidistant points, laser cut and beginning to decay, as any high order object tends to do

May 14, 2019 - Frank Lloyd Wright's Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church located at 9400 West Congress Street in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Designed in 1956. The church opened in 1961 two years after Wright's death. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

"Wright’s design for the structure he affectionately termed “a little St. Sophia” is defined by the symbols of the Greek Orthodox faith (it is essentially a Greek cross inscribed

in a circle), but it is a marked departure from traditional Byzantine church architecture.

Four equidistant concrete pillars support the domed roof while defining a cross on the main floor. Wright’s resulting uninterrupted circular sanctuary creates an interior at once spacious and intimate. The 106-foot wide dome is not fixed, but floats on thousands of ball bearings contained in a steel rail that caps the outer wall. The gold-anodized aluminum used throughout the building was a new material developed by Alcoa. The dome’s original blue tile exterior has been replaced by a synthetic plastic resin due to structural problems. One of Wright’s last major commissions, the church was not unveiled until two years after his death." Previous text from the following website: franklloydwright.org/site/annunciation-greek-orthodox-chu...

Church website:

annunciationwi.org

www.adamswaine.co.uk

Boughton Malherbe (/ˈbɔːtən ˈmælərbi/b BAW-ton MAL-erby) is a village and civil parish in the Maidstone district of Kent, England equidistant between Maidstone and Ashford. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 428

Elbasan castle is a 15th-century fortress in the city of Elbasan, Albania. The castle was initially composed of 26 equidistant 9-metre high towers. Part of Via Egnatia passes through the castle.

Restored in 1921 by Ziyadat Allah, the reigning Aghlabid sovereign, the ribat at Sousse is a well-preserved example of the ribat building type. Square in plan, the building measures about 35 meters on each side. The southeast corner of the exterior wall is fortified with a large square tower that supports a cylindrical watch tower; this cylindrical tower rises above and is accessed from the roof. The other three corners are fortified by circular bastion towers. Three additional semicircular fortification towers are located in the center of the west, north, and east exterior walls.

A rectangular tower attached to the south wall provides entry to the building. The monumental entrance portal is flanked by two reused columns which have different capitals; these support fragments of an ornamental stone band with circular floral patterns. Above the two columns is a semicircular arch. A small vestibule, square in plan with a three-story-high ceiling, leads into a low antechamber that leads axially into the inner court. The central courtyard is surrounded on three sides by arcades of slightly pointed arches supported by heavy piers. The north-facing façade on the courtyard contains two sets of (mirrored) stairs leading to the second floor (i.e., the first floor above ground level).

The second floor consists of an open walkway surrounding the courtyard and a series of interior spaces of varying sizes that also encircle the courtyard, running between the exterior wall and the inner walkway. On the south side of the building is the mosque, which comprises the largest interior space. The mosque is entered through four small doors located equidistant from one other. These doors are nearly identical; each is topped by a large monolithic stone that in turn supports a small semicircular opening. The prayer hall is two bays deep and eleven bays wide. Running parallel to the south wall along its entire width is a row of ten heavy piers. These piers and the exterior walls support the cross-vaulted bays of the mosque. A small mihrab is located close to the center of the south wall; it falls almost directly above the entrance vestibule.

A small stair outside the westernmost mosque door leads to the third floor (the roof). This open flat roof has two important features: the cylindrical watchtower in the southeast corner and a small domed space located directly above the entrance vestibule. The tower, which rises three stories, changes slightly in radius at the top and is accessed by a small door that leads to a spiral staircase. A marble panel located above this door contains Quranic inscriptions. The small domed chamber above the vestibule has three parallel thin floor openings that look down to the entrance vestibule. This stark space is entered through a small door flanked by two miniature columns.

Our two (2) granddaughters visiting Peggy's Cove and the Maritimes with us.

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia

Peggys Point Lighthouse (also known as Peggy's Cove Lighthouse) is in Peggys Cove and is an iconic Canadian image. It is one of the busiest tourist attractions in Nova Scotia and is a prime attraction on the Lighthouse Trail scenic drive. The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is officially known as the Peggys Point Lighthouse.

Peggys Cove is a classic red-and-white lighthouse still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The light station is situated on an extensive granite outcrop at Peggys Point, immediately south of the village and its cove. This lighthouse is one of the most-photographed structures in Atlantic Canada and one of the most recognizable lighthouses in the world.

Visitors may explore the granite outcrop on Peggys Point around the lighthouse; despite numerous signs warning of unpredictable surf (including one on a bronze plaque on the lighthouse itself), several visitors each year are swept off the rocks by waves, sometimes drowning.

Peggys Cove is 43 kilometers (26 miles) southwest of downtown Halifax and comprises one of the numerous small fishing communities located around the perimeter of the Chebucto Peninsula. The community is named after the cove of the same name, a name also shared with Peggy's Point, immediately to the east of the cove. The village marks the eastern point of St. Margaret's Bay.(Wikipedia)

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111

Swissair Flight 111

Swissair Flight 111 (SR111, SWR111) was a Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on a scheduled airline flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. This flight was also a codeshare flight with Delta Air Lines.

On Wednesday, 2 September 1998, the aircraft used for the flight, registered HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Halifax International Airport at the entrance to St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the tiny fishing and tourist communities of Peggys Cove and Bayswater. All 229 people on board died—the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and the second-highest of any air disaster to occur in Canada, after Arrow Air Flight 1285. This is one of only two hull losses of the passenger configured MD-11, along with China Airlines Flight 642.

The initial search and rescue response, crash recovery operation, and resulting investigation by the Government of Canada took over four years and cost CAD 57 million (at that time approximately US$38 million). The Transportation Safety Board of Canada's (TSB) official report of their investigation stated that flammable material used in the aircraft's structure allowed a fire to spread beyond the control of the crew, resulting in a loss of control and the crash of the aircraft.

Swissair Flight 111 was known as the "UN shuttle" due to its popularity with United Nations officials; the flight often carried business executives, scientists, and researchers

Aircraft

The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, serial number 48448 registered HB-IWF, was manufactured in 1991 and Swissair was its only operator. It bore the title of Vaud, in honor of the Swiss canton of the same name. The airframe had a total of 36,041 hours. The three engines were Pratt & Whitney 4462s. The cabin was configured with 241 seats (12 six-abreast first-, 49 seven-abreast business-, and 180 nine-abreast economy-class). First- and business-class seats were equipped with an in seat in-flight entertainment system, installed at some point after initial entry into service. (Wikipedia)

© Copyright

This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.

"Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War. It is the home of Princeton University, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark. Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town, other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study, Westminster Choir College, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton Theological Seminary, Opinion Research Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Corporate Research, SRI International, FMC Corporation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amrep, Church and Dwight, Berlitz International, and Dow Jones & Company.

Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g., Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jersey's capital city, New Brunswick and Edison." - info from Wikipedia.

The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

0135

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia

Peggys Point Lighthouse (also known as Peggy's Cove Lighthouse) is in Peggys Cove and is an iconic Canadian image. It is one of the busiest tourist attractions in Nova Scotia and is a prime attraction on the Lighthouse Trail scenic drive. The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is officially known as the Peggys Point Lighthouse.

Peggys Cove is a classic red-and-white lighthouse still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The light station is situated on an extensive granite outcrop at Peggys Point, immediately south of the village and its cove. This lighthouse is one of the most-photographed structures in Atlantic Canada and one of the most recognizable lighthouses in the world.

Visitors may explore the granite outcrop on Peggys Point around the lighthouse; despite numerous signs warning of unpredictable surf (including one on a bronze plaque on the lighthouse itself), several visitors each year are swept off the rocks by waves, sometimes drowning.

Peggys Cove is 43 kilometers (26 miles) southwest of downtown Halifax and comprises one of the numerous small fishing communities located around the perimeter of the Chebucto Peninsula. The community is named after the cove of the same name, a name also shared with Peggy's Point, immediately to the east of the cove. The village marks the eastern point of St. Margaret's Bay.(Wikipedia)

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111

Swissair Flight 111

Swissair Flight 111 (SR111, SWR111) was a Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on a scheduled airline flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. This flight was also a codeshare flight with Delta Air Lines.

On Wednesday, 2 September 1998, the aircraft used for the flight, registered HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Halifax International Airport at the entrance to St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the tiny fishing and tourist communities of Peggys Cove and Bayswater. All 229 people on board died—the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and the second-highest of any air disaster to occur in Canada, after Arrow Air Flight 1285. This is one of only two hull losses of the passenger configured MD-11, along with China Airlines Flight 642.

The initial search and rescue response, crash recovery operation, and resulting investigation by the Government of Canada took over four years and cost CAD 57 million (at that time approximately US$38 million). The Transportation Safety Board of Canada's (TSB) official report of their investigation stated that flammable material used in the aircraft's structure allowed a fire to spread beyond the control of the crew, resulting in a loss of control and the crash of the aircraft.

Swissair Flight 111 was known as the "UN shuttle" due to its popularity with United Nations officials; the flight often carried business executives, scientists, and researchers

Aircraft

The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, serial number 48448 registered HB-IWF, was manufactured in 1991 and Swissair was its only operator. It bore the title of Vaud, in honor of the Swiss canton of the same name. The airframe had a total of 36,041 hours. The three engines were Pratt & Whitney 4462s. The cabin was configured with 241 seats (12 six-abreast first-, 49 seven-abreast business-, and 180 nine-abreast economy-class). First- and business-class seats were equipped with an in seat in-flight entertainment system, installed at some point after initial entry into service. (Wikipedia)

© Copyright

This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.

5h45 du matin à Bacchus - altitude 970m, la nuit a été bonne.

Le ciel n’est pas encore teinté par le crépuscule, j’ose une dernière petite série sur NGC7000, la nébuleuse « North America » dans le Cygne.

Poses de 3mn avec le Canon 350D et le zoom 70-200 à 200mm, F4.

Soudain que voit-on dans le ciel, partant de la Petite Ours et passant dans le Cygne : une série d’une vingtaine de points qui se suivent, équidistants mais légèrement décalés les uns des autres ?????

L’horreur de Starlink, merci SpaceX !

Je vous joints la pose brute pour que vous puissiez admirer le spectacle !

- IMG_0178

5:45 am in Bacchus - altitude 970m, the night was good.

The sky is not yet tinted by twilight, I dare one last small series on NGC7000, the nebula "North America" ​​in the Swan.

3mn exposures with the Canon 350D and the 70-200 zoom at 200mm, F4.

Suddenly what we see in the sky, starting from the Little Bear and passing through the Swan: a series of about twenty points which follow each other, equidistant but slightly offset from each other ?????

The horror of Starlink, thank you SpaceX!

I enclose the raw pose so that you can admire the show!

During the first decades of the Space Age, NASA required a worldwide network of ground stations to communicate with satellites and human-operated spacecraft. The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) system, a constellation of three spacecraft placed into geosynchronous orbit beginning in 1983, was designed to replace this expensive, far-flung system. Positioned equidistant in orbit, they provide nearly continuous contact with spacecraft in low Earth orbit-an especially crucial capability for ensuring the safety of Space Shuttle crews. A TDRS transmits both voice and data communications. Under optimum conditions, it can transfer in a second the equivalent of a 20-volume encyclopedia.

This artifact is a high-fidelity model built by Design Models, Inc., under the direction of TRW, which manufactured the first several TDRS spacecraft. TRW donated the model in 1986. Source: airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/model-communication...

© 2017 Skip Plitt Photography, All Rights Reserved.

This photo may not be used in any form without permission from the photographer. None of my images are in the Creative Commons. If you wish to use one of my images please contact me at: skipplittphotography@gmail.com

Todos los derechos reservados. Esta foto no se puede utilizar en cualquier forma sin el permiso del fotógrafo.

Euroa. Population 3,000.

This attractive Victorian towns is also part of the Goulburn River valley district. It is situation on Sevens Creek which is a tributary of the Goulburn River. The town was named from the local aboriginal word meaning joyful. You will find joy in the wonderful red brick architectural inheritance from the 19th century if this interests you. The central part of the town was surveyed in 1850 and settled in 1854. In the early days the town’s wealth came from the surrounding sheep properties and the first three leasehold runs were established in 1838 by the Faithfull, Templeton and Kirkland families. Once the town was established life here was civilised but not exciting for most, until Ned Kelly robbed the bank here in 1878! The buildings indicate the wealth and civility of Euroa. The railway from Melbourne reached the town in 1873 and business boomed. Euroa is situated equidistantly between Melbourne and Albury. Among the many heritage buildings in the main and railway streets area are the railway station (built around 1878); the former grand but faded Colonial Bank built in 1889; the impressive façade of the Euroa Hotel built in 1884; the outstanding and differently styled National Bank on the corner of Binney St ( the main street) built in 1885 ; Blairgowrie House in the main street built in 1890 as chemist shop and residence; the Post Office built in 1890 ; the unusual Art Nouveau style Courthouse built in 1890 and the former Methodist Church built in 1897. At the very end of the main street you can see the squat Anglican Church built in 1884. In the street parallel to the main street is the red brick Euroa flourmill built in 1873 with a new Art Nouveau façade added in 1903. The flourmill closed in 1917. Just along from the flourmill is the Catholic Church which was erected in 1887 (replacing an earlier church built in 1866).

Swissair Flight 111 was a scheduled international passenger flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States, to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. This flight was also a codeshare flight with Delta Air Lines. On 2 September 1998, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 performing this flight, registration HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Halifax International Airport at the entrance to St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5 mi; 4 nmi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the tiny fishing and tourist communities of Peggy's Cove and Bayswater. All 229 passengers and crew on board the MD-11 were killed, making the crash the deadliest McDonnell Douglas MD-11 accident in aviation history.

Peoples of Peggy's Cove help the Rescue Teams on site with Fishing Boats

At the end of the walk in Moorehall woods you come to the ruins of Moore Hall.

Moorehall is situated on the shores of Lough Carra in South West Mayo, two miles from the village of Carnacon, equidistant from the towns of Castlebar, Claremorris and Ballinrobe. The house itself is now in ruins having been burned down during the civil war.

It was the ancestral home of the Moore family, many of whom become noteworthy in Irish and International events. The novelist George Moore is possibly the best-known family member. John Moore became the first President of Connacht after the French landing in Killala in 1798.

My favourite member of the family, however, is George Henry Moore (1810-1870). He, like most of the family, had a huge interest in horses. His brother Arthur Augustus was killed after a fall from 'Mickey Free' in the 1845 Aintree Grand National. In 1846 at the height of the famine, he entered a horse called Coranna for the Chester Gold Cup. Long odds and a betting coup netted Moore £17,000 (thats over £12 million in todays terms!). He used his winnings to import thousands of tons of grain to feed his tenants. A cow was also given to each tenant family. There were no deaths from famine on the Moore estates during the famine and no evictions, a situation unequalled anywhere in Ireland at the time.

Herald Square | Broadway 02/05/2015 09h35

Macy's at the left and Broadway straight ahead.

Herald Square

Herald Square is formed by the intersection of Broadway, Sixth Avenue (officially named Avenue of the Americas) and 34th Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Named for the New York Herald, a now-defunct newspaper formerly headquartered there, it also gives its name to the surrounding area. The intersection is a typical Manhattan bow-tie square that consists of two named sections: Herald Square to the north (uptown) and Greeley Square to the south (downtown).

Herald Square proper is the north end of the square between West 34th Street and West 35th Street. The old New York Herald Building was located on the square. The square contains a huge mechanical clock whose mechanical structures were constructed in 1895 by the sculptor Antonin Jean Carles. The monument, known as the James Gordon Monument consists of the Goddess of Wisdom, Minerva with her owls in front of a bell, flanked by two bell ringers mounted on a Milford pink granite pedestal.

The area around Herald Square along Broadway and 34th Street is a retail hub. The most notable attraction is the Macy's flagship department store, the largest in the United States (and according to Guinness World Records the largest in the world until being surpassed by a Korean store in 2009[citation needed]). In 2007, Macy's, Inc. moved its corporate headquarters to that store after renaming from Federated. Macy's archrival Gimbels was also located in the neighborhood until 1984; in 1986 the building became the Manhattan Mall. Other past retailers in the area included E.J. Korvette, Stern's, and Abraham & Straus. J.C. Penney opened its first Manhattan flagship store in August 2009 at the former A&S location inside the Manhattan Mall. The square is roughly equidistant between Madison Square to the south, and Times Square to the north. Herald Square's south side borders Koreatown, at West 32nd Street.

[ Source and some more Info: Wikipedia - Herald Square ]

I have lived here over two decades. Until today, it has never bothered me that this ceiling fan is not equidistant from these two beams. Thanks ODC for making me look from a different point of view! 😅 it will now annoy me forever.

ODC: different point of view

Euroa. Population 3,000.

This attractive Victorian towns is also part of the Goulburn River valley district. It is situation on Sevens Creek which is a tributary of the Goulburn River. The town was named from the local aboriginal word meaning joyful. You will find joy in the wonderful red brick architectural inheritance from the 19th century if this interests you. The central part of the town was surveyed in 1850 and settled in 1854. In the early days the town’s wealth came from the surrounding sheep properties and the first three leasehold runs were established in 1838 by the Faithfull, Templeton and Kirkland families. Once the town was established life here was civilised but not exciting for most, until Ned Kelly robbed the bank here in 1878! The buildings indicate the wealth and civility of Euroa. The railway from Melbourne reached the town in 1873 and business boomed. Euroa is situated equidistantly between Melbourne and Albury. Among the many heritage buildings in the main and railway streets area are the railway station (built around 1878); the former grand but faded Colonial Bank built in 1889; the impressive façade of the Euroa Hotel built in 1884; the outstanding and differently styled National Bank on the corner of Binney St ( the main street) built in 1885 ; Blairgowrie House in the main street built in 1890 as chemist shop and residence; the Post Office built in 1890 ; the unusual Art Nouveau style Courthouse built in 1890 and the former Methodist Church built in 1897. At the very end of the main street you can see the squat Anglican Church built in 1884. In the street parallel to the main street is the red brick Euroa flourmill built in 1873 with a new Art Nouveau façade added in 1903. The flourmill closed in 1917. Just along from the flourmill is the Catholic Church which was erected in 1887 (replacing an earlier church built in 1866).

downtown toronto by subway button. i live east of college and dundas stations.. both are equidistant from my apartment, but i end up using college station the most.

i got my toronto subway button set in the mail today. each button matches the tile pattern at each subway stop. you can get them at spacing.ca/, where you can also read a number of great articles on toronto's urban space.

This isn't so much about the photo, as it is about something it made me recall.

I once read about the early days of cataract surgery.

When they were first able to successfully perform it, they did so on a group of people, different ages, who were blind at birth due to congenital cataracts.

The experience of their transition to the world of newly sighted was an eye-opening (no pun intended) testament to the complexity of our visual experience.

Of the many difficulties they recounted, one was common to all.

They had no distance perception. To them, everything was equidistant, right in front of them.....only some things were bigger, others smaller.

There was no depth of field

The world was flat.

One man attempted to teach himself by throwing his shoe out in front of him. He would walk towards it, bend to pick it up...when that failed, he'd walk some more.....and some more....

I found it fascinating, and thought perhaps a group of photographers might also be interested.

The photo is meh.

But not their story.

"Trinity Church is a historic Episcopal congregation located at 33 Mercer Street in Princeton, New Jersey. It is the largest Episcopal church in New Jersey.

Trinity was a relative latecomer in mainly Calvinistic central New Jersey. Princeton Borough, in particular, was a heavily Presbyterian village, anchored by the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and Princeton Theological Seminary. A handful of local would-be parishioners, including a number with southern connections, founded Trinity in 1833, building a modest Greek Revival meeting hall as their church. Miller Chapel, a stone's throw away on the Princeton Theological Seminary campus, is a similar building by the same local architect-builder, Charles Steadman, who also designed many houses in the neighborhood.

In 1870 the original structure gave way to a larger, more assertively Episcopalian building designed in the Gothic Revival style by Richard Upjohn and his son. This remained until the first decade of the last century, when architect Ralph Adams Cram doubled the nave in length. In 1914, Cram was hired again to create a small chapel in the north transept (the Lady Chapel), a larger French Gothic chancel, and a significantly heightened tower accommodating a small carillon of ten Meneely bells.[4] With some interior alterations, this is today's church building. A stone over the chancel door is from the 13th century St. Oswald's Church near Malpas, the original Stockton family home.

In 1850 the church built a gothic schoolhouse (now attached to the parish house and serving as offices) to serve as a Sunday School for parish children (itself an innovation), and at other times as a school for African-American children, whom the local schools did not serve. In the second half of the 19th century, Trinity founded several nearby missions, of which two survive independently.

Starting in 1879, Trinity, like many Episcopal parishes, participated in the Choral Revival in the Anglican church, with its emphasis on vested choirs of men and boys trained by professional church musicians, and singing quality church music. Thus began its choir program (which now includes girls and women), long one of the finest in the nation. This rigorous program, now coeducational, has thrived under a succession of gifted leaders, including notable Episcopalian and Anglican musicians James Litton, John Bertalot, and Tom Whittemore.

Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War. It is the home of Princeton University, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark. Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town, other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study, Westminster Choir College, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton Theological Seminary, Opinion Research Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Corporate Research, SRI International, FMC Corporation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amrep, Church and Dwight, Berlitz International, and Dow Jones & Company.

Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g., Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jersey's capital city, New Brunswick and Edison." - info from Wikipedia.

The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

I kept attaching the elastic to the felt at equidistant points around the circle so it would all be even. I did it this way because I did not know how much I needed to gather it. This was all just guessing, although I did wrap the elastic around the doll's head ot make sure it was a good fit at the start.

I trimmed the excess felt with very sharp scissors.

This works for any size doll. Just change the size of the circle and length of elastic.

View From JBR Beach of Dubai Cruise Terminal.

Dubai Cruise Terminal is a newly build transport hub for large cruise ships. It is placed between the Palm View Marina, part of Dubai Marina, and Dubai Lighthouse. The last one is the 443 ft long building with a viewing level offered a scenic landscape of the Dubai skyline. Also, arriving cruise ships can enjoy a perfect view over the West Crescent of Palm Jumeirah on the left side and Ain Dubai on the right.

The project is designed as a collaboration of prominent Dubai's developer Meeras and Carnival Corporation & PLC, a cruise line with an 86-ship fleet. The project has two terminals, which can, at the same time, manage two turnarounds of the ships with 5000+ passengers.

Dubai Cruise Terminal has a perfect location as it is equidistant from 2 Dubai's International Airports. All main attractions, such as Burj Al Arab, Ain Dubai, Downtown Dubai, Sky Dive Dubai, etc., are reached within a 15-minutes drive.

[Hbeebz]

Muhammad Habib Photography

All Rights Reserved

Today Friday 19th April 2019 I visited the beautiful fishing town of Buckie, on the Moray coast about 50 miles from my home, Scotland enjoyed magnificent weather and with 22 degrees of sunshine heat I made the most of my day , I packed my car early leaving for my adventure , I arrived back home at 2130pm , I had a great day .

Buckie (Scottish Gaelic: Bucaidh

is a burgh town (defined as such in 1888) on the Moray Firth coast of Scotland.

Historically in Banffshire, Buckie was the largest town in the county by some thousands of inhabitants before 1975, when the administrative county was abolished.

The town is the third largest in the Moray council area after Elgin and Forres and within the definitions of statistics published by the General Register Office for Scotland was ranked at number 75 in the list of population estimates for settlements in Scotland mid-year 2006.

Buckie lies virtually equidistant to Banff to the east and Elgin to the west with both communities being approximately 17 miles (27 kilometres) distant whilst Keith lies 12 mi (19 km) to the south by road.

Etymology

The origin of the name of the town has caused some debate and although the folk etymology is that Buckie is named after a seashell (genus buccinum) the reality is that the shared marine background is merely a coincidence.

The name Buckie would originally have occurred in identifying a place that was not immediately adjacent to the sea so we must seek alternative etymological sources.

Unfortunately, in one of the earlier books on Scottish place names, Buckie on the Moray Firth does not receive a mention although Buckie, spelt the same way, in the Balquhidder district of Perthshire is described as being derived from the Gaelic word boc or Welsh bowk, both meaning a buck or male deer, so this would suggest the meaning of Buckie as place where male deer gather and this specifically would most likely have been the valley of what is known today as the Buckie Burn.

In an article by a Dr Cramond in 1936[5] he speaks of the earliest mention of Buckie being in 1362 when the lands of Rove Bucky in le Awne were leased by John Hay to John Young, vicar of Fordyce.

The Hays, of whom the Rannes family have descended, had acquired through Royal favour a footing in the district at a still earlier age when the greater part from the Deveron to the Spey was embraced in the Forest of Awne or Ainie (now Enzie) and the Boyne. Rove Bucky is far from understandable and could be a scribe's error and should perhaps read Over Bucky as occurs in older title deeds, in contra distinction to Nether Buckie. It has been spelt in different ways, Robert Burns called it Bucky in his poem Lady Onlie - Lady Lucky. This was the form at the end of the 18th century.

Robert Gordon’s map Aberdeen, Banf, Murrey &c. to Inverness: [and] Fra the north water to Ross, which is dated at some time between 1636-1652, shows Buckie in its own right as a community some small distance from the coast with the community of Freuchny sitting nearer the shore to the north. Robert Gordon and Joan Blaeu’s Duo Vicecomitatus Aberdonia & Banfia, una cum Regionibus & terrarum tractibus sub iis comprehensis published in Amsterdam 1654 clearly shows Buckie and Freuchny with the addition of Nether Buckie.

James Robertson’s Topographical and military map of the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine,

London, 1822 seems geographically inaccurate in its relative positioning of Buckie, Nether Buckie and Freuchny, but is significant in that the new label of Rotten Slough is given equal importance in terms of size of community with Buckie; however, in Thomson’s Atlas of Scotland,

Edinburgh, 1832 Rotten Slough is fairly unimportant by size so one of these two reference publications is distorted, probably the former. This community, which would later come to be known as Portessie, was reportedly formed when "Porteasie.....became a fishing station in 1727, when 5 houses were built by the proprietor of Rannes for the accommodation of the original fishers from Findhorn" and the 1731 Rathven Session Minutes shows that Rotten Slough already has a population of 40 with ten households and subsequent minutes show the community growing until the 1791 entry records 177 souls in 44 households.

By the time of the publication of the 1891 First Series Ordnance Survey Map of Elgin, which reflects the 1866-1870 survey, Buckie has developed markedly with areas named Seatown, Newtown, Ianstown and Portessie.

The 19th century OS Six Inch series further shows Gordonsburgh, Craig Bow and Strathlene.

The 1910 OS 3rd Edition one-inch map of Elgin has settled on the name of Ianstown and all other parts of Buckie are named as they are known today but then, just to confuse the issue, the Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland,

Edinburgh, 1912 uses the label Ianston. The conflicting nomenclature continued with the issue of the 1929 OS One-inch Popular edition and the 1933 JG Bartholomew & Son, Half-inch to the Mile maps of Scotland.

Layout today

Geographically, the town is, broadly speaking, laid out in a linear fashion, following the coastline. There is a lower shore area and an upper area. Fundamentally Buckie itself is the central part of the community lying between the Victoria Bridge under which flows the Buckie Burn at the western end of West Church Street, the eastern end of Cluny Harbour and above the shore area.

To the west of Victoria Bridge and the Buckie Burn is Buckpool, which was formerly known as Nether Buckie, and on the shoreline, west of Cluny Harbour, between Baron Street and the Buckie Burn mouth, there is The Yardie. Immediately above The Yardie on the Buckie side of the burn is The Seatown. To the west of The Yardie is Harbourhead. To the east of Cluny Harbour lie Ianstown, Gordonsburgh and Portessie also known locally as The Sloch (historically The Rotten Slough), which reaches towards Strathlene.

These communities were, to all intents and purposes, separate fishing settlements that gradually merged over the course of time. A new town was laid out above the shoreline in the 19th century and this is the rump of Buckie.

The 2001 UK Census reported that, from Buckie’s total population 92.11%, were born in Scotland with the largest single minority being those born in England (5.58%.) In terms of declared ethnic allegiance the Scottish figure rose to 93.61%.

As a port

Cluny Harbour is probably still the true heart of Buckie and this project was built by the Cluny family in 1877 to replace the town's first stone harbour in Nether Buckie, which was constructed in 1857 1 mile (2 km) or so to the west but had a tendency to silt up and become unusable.

The Laird of Letterfourie had contributed £5,000 of the construction costs at Nether Buckie but the main investor with the balance of £10,000 was the Board of Fisheries. The engineers were D.&T. Stevenson of Edinburgh, the family firm of the author Robert Louis Stevenson.

It was and remains a very sturdily built edifice with the main walls of considerable thickness being built of quartzite, quarried locally at Strathlene, capped with a very hard type of sandstone, which was also used to form the walls at the entrance and of the harbour proper.

As regards stability the harbour has remained a monument to engineering science with very little maintenance ever being necessary. It had a design fault, however, in that the entrance opened to the north east and was subject to infill with shingle, moving westwards by longshore drift.

Later known as Buckpool Harbour, this earlier port became something of an eyesore and eventually the silted basin became overgrown and dangerously swampy. The decision was taken to fill in the basin and this work was undertaken in the 1970s.

The resulting park includes a pebble beach and the original quartzite harbour walls remain completely intact.

Industry

Once a thriving fishing and shipbuilding port, these industries have declined. Indeed, although Peterhead and Aberdeen are more readily associated with the fishing industry in Northeast Scotland, by 1913 Buckie had the largest steam drifter fleet in Scotland.

Food processing remains important, with large fish factories and smoke houses found around the harbour. Buckie can properly be regarded as one of the main points of origin of the modern Scottish shellfish industry.

A Mancunian, Charles Eckersley, who moved to Buckie in the 1950s and started trading as a fish merchant, noticed that many of the varieties of shellfish that were regarded as economically useless by Buckie fishing vessels (prawns, scallops etc.) were in fact the same species that he had enjoyed whilst completing his National Service in Palestine. He seized the opportunity to exploit this gap in the market and he built a thriving processing and packing business, which eventually expanded to include factories as far afield as Barcelona and Alicante in Spain.

The Buckie Shipyard now repairs and refits RNLI lifeboats for much of the United Kingdom[26] and operates service contracts for various other clients including the MoD as well as building new vessels but boatbuilding was a major industry in the town for decades. Until recent years there were three quite separate boatyards building traditional wooden clinker fishing vessels. Leaving Cluny Square and heading down North High Street, also locally known as the Bowling Green Brae, the view of the sea would have been interrupted by a huge grey corrugated iron shed.

This was Thomsons and vessels were launched directly into the Moray Firth from a slipway. Heading east to Cluny Harbour it would have been impossible to miss Herd and Mackenzie on the fourth or lifeboat basin of the harbour. Directly behind their large sheds and across Blantyre Terrace was Jones with their private harbour into which they launched their vessels.

Thomsons is gone but the premises of Herd and McKenzie and Jones are part of the modern day Buckie Shipyard. It was Herd and McKenzie, a firm with its roots in Dunbartonshire from where Messrs Herd and Mackenzie sortied north, which built and launched the training schooner Captain Scott in 1972.

At the time of its launch, this vessel was the largest of its type in the world. In earlier years, there were further boat construction operations dotted along the shoreline from The Yardie to Ianstown and on to Portessie but these had mostly been amalgamated into the three main firms or had gone out of business by the interwar period.

A significant part of the population works in the offshore oil industry although Buckie somewhat missed the boat with the North Sea boom. In the late 1970s, there were extensive plans drawn up to extend Cluny Harbour out to the Mucks reef with the intention of serving oilfield supply vessels. Nothing came of this but every now and then the idea rears its head once more to be met with great enthusiasm before failing to get off the ground again.

Buckie was home to a specialist electric lamp factory of Thorn EMI until 1987 when it was closed and production moved to a new plant in Leicestershire. All of the predominantly female staff were offered jobs at the new facility in the East Midlands but, as the vast majority of the labour force were second wage earners in families, this offer was almost universally rejected.

Buckie is home to the Inchgower Distillery,which sits 1 mile (2 km) or so inland from the town and is best known for the Inchgower Single Malt.

Herd & McKenzie Shipbuilders

Type - Private

IndustryShipbuilding

Founded1903

FounderJames Herd & Thomas McKenzie

HeadquartersBuckie, UK

Services

Buckie Shipyard built, converted, refitted and repaired ferries, tugs, workboats, yachts, pilot boats, MOD vessels, small cruise vessels, diving vessels, lifeboats, fishing boats and fish farm cages. They slipped vessels up to 850 tonnes in displacement and 70 metres in length.

A new 1,600 sq. metres refit facility opened in 2003, including a state-of-the-art temperature and humidity controlled paint spray booth, capable of taking vessels up to 21m in length, 6m in beam and up to 50 tonnes.

A 50-ton hydraulic slipway hoist transported vessels directly from the inner basin at Buckie Harbour into the refit hall.

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution had been a major client for over 60 years, with all classes of RNLI lifeboat undergoing refit.

In its last few years the yard delivered two aluminium windfarm service catamarans, Penmon Point[6] and Lynas Point to Turbine Transfers, for work in Belgiu] and similar vessels followed.

Deutschland / Nordrhein-Westfalen - Schloss Körtlinghausen

Kallenhardt - Schloss-Route

Schloss Körtlinghausen is a Baroque Schloss (château) in Germany's Sauerland region, roughly equidistant between Dortmund and Kassel. It is sited on the southern bank of the River Glenne and it is surrounded by a moat.

Beyond the moat it one of the country's largest and oldest Oak trees, which is more than a thousand years old. The circumference of the trunk just above ground level is 12.4 m (41 ft).

The first documented mention of a castle on the site dates from 1398.

The current château replaced an earlier previous moated fortress. The manor belonged to the von Schorlemer and the von Rüdenberg families till 1447 when it was acquired by the von Lürwalds. They were followed by the von Hanxleden who were in their turn succeeded by the von Westrems in 1614. Between 1645 and 1819 it belonged to the von Weichs family.

In 1714 Franz Otto von und zu Weichs instructed the architect Justus Wehmer to construct a replacement château in the fashionable Baroque style, and the new building was completed in 1746. The von Fürstenbergs acquired it in 1830: it has remained in this family since that time.

In 1945 the château was occupied by the British and became as a holding centre for refugees rendered homeless by ethnic cleansing after large parts of eastern Germany had been transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of an agreement between the United States, the Soviet Union and their allies. Between 1956 and 1994 it was rented out for use as a training school for the Bundesverband für den Selbstschutz ("National Self-defence Association"). Between 1999 and 2004 the château underwent an extensive restoration under the direction of the then owner, Baron Dietger von Fürstenberg, whose work earned him a prize for Historic preservation. In order to finance the work the baron sold a twelfth century German manuscript document, known as the "Stammheim Missal", and which had been in his family for generations, to the Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Today the château is made available for conferences, receptions and other large functions. Buildings on the north side house administrative operations for the house and its farm estate.

The site comprises a rectangular manor house with two detached wings, one on each side, to the north of the main building. Between them these form three sides of a four sided courtyard. To the north of that runs part of the moat, across which a continuation of the courtyard is flanked by the stable block. Within the moat, the principal island is the one on which the mansion and its detached wings stand: there is also a small "unbuilt" island to the west of that.

The windows of the simple rendered building are framed in sandstone. On the main building the lines of the hipped roof are interrupted by gable windows, and the roof is topped off with four substantial chimney blocks. On each of the long sides of the court-yard ("Cour d'honneur"), it is rimmed by two short pavilion-like detached wings. On the garden (south) side the double steps approaching the main arched entrance are inscribed with the date, 1721. On the court-yard side the main entrance of the main building is topped of with a double double coats of arms of the von Weichs and (in the eighteenth century, neighbouring) von Droste zu Erwitte aristocratic families.

The main double staircase leads to the first floor via a raised mezzanine halfway up A large ground floor reception room, with rich stucco decoration and frescoes on the ceiling, overlooks the park. The coat of arms of the Baron von Weichs who had the château built is prominently displayed along with those of each of his three successive wives.

The chapel is directly accessible from either of the building's two main floors. The ceiling is decorated with a geometrical stucco design incorporating the image of Mary Magdalene, to whom the chapel is dedicated. The ceiling was painted in 1727. The altar dates from 1739. The raised box (literally "patronal loggia"), constructed to be occupied by the lord of the manor and his family during services, is particularly eye-catching.

(Wikipedia)

Eine Route voller Sehenswürdigkeiten aber auch immer inmitten der eindrucksvollen Natur des Naturpark Arnsberger Wald. Sei es das historische Rathaus oder das barocke Wasserschloss - hier gibt es viel zu entdecken. Aber auch architektonische Neuheiten erwarten den interessierten Wanderer auf seinem Weg. Begeben Sie sich auf eine kleine Zeitreise in und um die ehemals kurkölnische Bergveste Kallenhardt und lassen Sie den Tag bei regional-typischen Leckereien ausklingen. Oder entdecken Sie die heimische Brennereikunst direkt vor Ort!

(tourismus-ruethen.de)

Das Schloss Körtlinghausen liegt im Sauerland an der Glenne zwischen Rüthen und Warstein im Kreis Soest. Das barocke Wasserschloss wurde im Glennetal nordwestlich von Kallenhardt (einem Ortsteil der Stadt Rüthen) erbaut. In Körtlinghausen stand die größte und mächtigste Eiche Deutschlands. Sie wurde etwa 1100 Jahre alt, war 22 m hoch und hatte einen Stammumfang von 12,4 m (knapp über dem Erdboden).

An der Stelle existierte eine steinerne Burganlage mit einem Wassergraben. Die Anlage war im 14. Jahrhundert im Besitz der Familien von Schorlemer und von Rüdenberg. Im Jahr 1398 kam der Schorlemersche Anteil an die von Lürwald. Nachdem die Rüdenberger zeitweise alleinige Besitzer waren, erwarb die Familie von Lürwald 1447 Haus und Besitz. Schon wenige Jahre später veräußerten sie ihn an die von Hanxleden. Im Jahr 1614 kam Körtlinghausen an die von Westrem. Von 1645 bis 1819 war es im Besitz der Familie von Weichs.

Das Schloss wurde 1714 von Oberjägermeister Freiherr Franz Otto von und zu Weichs nach den Plänen von Justus Wehmer erbaut. 1830 wurden die Freiherren von Fürstenberg Besitzer von Schloss Körtlinghausen, was bis heute der Fall ist. Nach 1945 wurde es als Flüchtlingsheim genutzt. Von 1956 bis 1994 war im Schloss eine Schule des Bundesverbandes für den Selbstschutz untergebracht. Für die 1999 begonnene Restaurierung und Sanierung von Körtlinghausen wurde 2004 Dietger Freiherr von Fürstenberg der Preis für Denkmalpflege in Westfalen-Lippe verliehen. Finanziert wurde das Vorhaben durch den Verkauf des Stammheimer Missale, einer bedeutenden Hildesheimer Handschrift aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, an das J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

Heute wird das Schloss Körtlinghausen für festliche Veranstaltungen und Tagungen vermietet. In den nördlichen Vorgebäuden befinden sich die Verwaltung und Landwirtschaft.

Das Schloss diente als Drehort für den 2017 erschienenen Kinofilm Happy Burnout.

Zur Schlossanlage gehören das rechteckige Herrenhaus mit zwei Seitenflügeln an der Längsseite sowie der Schlosshof mit Kavaliersgebäuden. Das Herrenhaus im Teich steht auf einer von zwei Inseln. Die Fenster des schlichten, verputzten Gebäudes sind in Sandstein gerahmt. Aus dem mit Gauben bestückten Walmdach ragen vier Kamine heraus. An beiden Längsseiten sind je zwei kurze, pavillonartig vorspringende Flügel angebaut. An drei Gebäudeseiten befinden sich übergiebelte Risalite, wobei der hofseitige durch ein Dachhaus überhöht wurde. Die zweiarmige Freitreppe an der Gartenseite, mit zierlichem Altan, ist mit 1721 bezeichnet. An dem Portal der Hofseite ist das Allianzwappen derer von Weichs und von Droste zu Erwitte (Haus Füchten) angebracht.

Das Treppenhaus mit zweigeteiltem Lauf wird auf halber Höhe zusammengeführt. Zur Gartenseite hin, im Obergeschoss, befindet sich ein Festsaal mit Deckengemälden und reicher Stuckierung. Jeweils in den Ecken sind die Wappen des Bauherren und seiner drei Ehefrauen angebracht.

Die Schlosskapelle ist der hl. Maria Magdalena geweiht. Zugänge sind in beiden Geschossen des Herrenhauses. An der geometrisch stuckierten Decke ist ein Gemälde der Kapellenheiligen zu sehen. Es wurde wohl in der Zeit vor 1727 gemalt. Der Altar wurde nach 1739 gebaut. Bestimmendes Ausstattungsstück der Kapelle ist die Herrschaftsloge.

Die beiden Vorgebäude nach einem Entwurf von Nagel, sind im Stil stark an Bauten Wehmers angelehnt. Das westliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Westrem ist mit 1731 bezeichnet, das östliche mit dem Allianzwappen von Weichs und von Galen ist mit 1743 bezeichnet. Die südlich angebaute Remise wurde mit einem Glockentürmchen bekrönt. In der Mitte der dreiflügeligen Ökonomie springt ein Torrisalit hervor. Am Westflügel steht das Torhaus von 1736, es wurde 1850 aufgestockt. Der Terrassengarten mit parabelförmigem Grundriss ist über eine Zugbrücke erschlossen.

(Wikipedia)

Tokyo Skytree (東京スカイツリー Tōkyō Sukaitsurī?) is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It became the tallest structure in Japan in 2010 and reached its full height of 634.0 metres (2,080 ft) in March 2011, making it the tallest tower in the world, displacing the Canton Tower, and the second tallest structure in the world after Burj Khalifa (829.8 m/2,722 ft).

Led by Tobu Railway and a group of six terrestrial broadcasters headed by NHK, the tower project forms the centrepiece of a large commercial development equidistant from Tokyo Skytree and Oshiage train stations, 7 km north-east of Tokyo station. One of its main purposes is to relay television and radio broadcast signals; Tokyo's current facility, Tokyo Tower with a height of 333 m (1,093 ft), no longer gives complete digital terrestrial television broadcasting coverage because it is surrounded by many high-rise buildings. The project was completed on 29 February 2012, with the tower opening to the public on 22 May 2012

6873

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia

Peggys Point Lighthouse (also known as Peggy's Cove Lighthouse) is in Peggys Cove and is an iconic Canadian image. It is one of the busiest tourist attractions in Nova Scotia and is a prime attraction on the Lighthouse Trail scenic drive. The lighthouse marks the eastern entrance of St. Margarets Bay and is officially known as the Peggys Point Lighthouse.

Peggys Cove is a classic red-and-white lighthouse still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The light station is situated on an extensive granite outcrop at Peggys Point, immediately south of the village and its cove. This lighthouse is one of the most-photographed structures in Atlantic Canada and one of the most recognizable lighthouses in the world.

Visitors may explore the granite outcrop on Peggys Point around the lighthouse; despite numerous signs warning of unpredictable surf (including one on a bronze plaque on the lighthouse itself), several visitors each year are swept off the rocks by waves, sometimes drowning.

Peggys Cove is 43 kilometers (26 miles) southwest of downtown Halifax and comprises one of the numerous small fishing communities located around the perimeter of the Chebucto Peninsula. The community is named after the cove of the same name, a name also shared with Peggy's Point, immediately to the east of the cove. The village marks the eastern point of St. Margaret's Bay.(Wikipedia)

Visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111

Swissair Flight 111

Swissair Flight 111 (SR111, SWR111) was a Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on a scheduled airline flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. This flight was also a codeshare flight with Delta Air Lines.

On Wednesday, 2 September 1998, the aircraft used for the flight, registered HB-IWF, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Halifax International Airport at the entrance to St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia. The crash site was 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, roughly equidistant from the tiny fishing and tourist communities of Peggys Cove and Bayswater. All 229 people on board died—the highest death toll of any aviation accident involving a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and the second-highest of any air disaster to occur in Canada, after Arrow Air Flight 1285. This is one of only two hull losses of the passenger configured MD-11, along with China Airlines Flight 642.

The initial search and rescue response, crash recovery operation, and resulting investigation by the Government of Canada took over four years and cost CAD 57 million (at that time approximately US$38 million). The Transportation Safety Board of Canada's (TSB) official report of their investigation stated that flammable material used in the aircraft's structure allowed a fire to spread beyond the control of the crew, resulting in a loss of control and the crash of the aircraft.

Swissair Flight 111 was known as the "UN shuttle" due to its popularity with United Nations officials; the flight often carried business executives, scientists, and researchers

Aircraft

The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, serial number 48448 registered HB-IWF, was manufactured in 1991 and Swissair was its only operator. It bore the title of Vaud, in honor of the Swiss canton of the same name. The airframe had a total of 36,041 hours. The three engines were Pratt & Whitney 4462s. The cabin was configured with 241 seats (12 six-abreast first-, 49 seven-abreast business-, and 180 nine-abreast economy-class). First- and business-class seats were equipped with an in seat in-flight entertainment system, installed at some point after initial entry into service. (Wikipedia)

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The earliest fortunes of the Northern Pacific Railroad Livingston Depot were tied to the fate of the railroad and Yellowstone National Park.

Initially it was a busy connection center, sited adjacent to the large Livingston shops complex and served as an NPR division headquarters, being roughly equidistant between the termini of St. Paul, Minnesota, and Seattle, Washington.

Toward World War II, rail travel to Yellowstone Park tapered off heavily in favour of automobile visits, and charter excursions using the Yellowstone Park line.

In 1970 NPR merged with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Great Northern Railway, and Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway, forming the facility's new owner, the Burlington Northern Railroad.

Passenger train service was taken over by Amtrak in 1971. In 1979 Amtrak discontinued the North Coast Hiawatha in favor of the Empire Builder track on the high line, the old line of the Great Northern, and the Livingston Depot began to suffer neglect.

By the mid 1980s the BN began unsuccessfully to seek a buyer for the Livingston Depot. Local citizens lobbied for its donation to the city and adoption by the non-profit Livingston Depot Foundation created for its extensive restoration and subsequent operation.

Euroa. Population 3,000.

This attractive Victorian towns is also part of the Goulburn River valley district. It is situation on Sevens Creek which is a tributary of the Goulburn River. The town was named from the local aboriginal word meaning joyful. You will find joy in the wonderful red brick architectural inheritance from the 19th century if this interests you. The central part of the town was surveyed in 1850 and settled in 1854. In the early days the town’s wealth came from the surrounding sheep properties and the first three leasehold runs were established in 1838 by the Faithfull, Templeton and Kirkland families. Once the town was established life here was civilised but not exciting for most, until Ned Kelly robbed the bank here in 1878! The buildings indicate the wealth and civility of Euroa. The railway from Melbourne reached the town in 1873 and business boomed. Euroa is situated equidistantly between Melbourne and Albury. Among the many heritage buildings in the main and railway streets area are the railway station (built around 1878); the former grand but faded Colonial Bank built in 1889; the impressive façade of the Euroa Hotel built in 1884; the outstanding and differently styled National Bank on the corner of Binney St ( the main street) built in 1885 ; Blairgowrie House in the main street built in 1890 as chemist shop and residence; the Post Office built in 1890 ; the unusual Art Nouveau style Courthouse built in 1890 and the former Methodist Church built in 1897. At the very end of the main street you can see the squat Anglican Church built in 1884. In the street parallel to the main street is the red brick Euroa flourmill built in 1873 with a new Art Nouveau façade added in 1903. The flourmill closed in 1917. Just along from the flourmill is the Catholic Church which was erected in 1887 (replacing an earlier church built in 1866).

Today Friday 19th April 2019 I visited the beautiful fishing town of Buckie, on the Moray coast about 50 miles from my home, Scotland enjoyed magnificent weather and with 22 degrees of sunshine heat I made the most of my day , I packed my car early leaving for my adventure , I arrived back home at 2130pm , I had a great day .

Buckie (Scottish Gaelic: Bucaidh

is a burgh town (defined as such in 1888) on the Moray Firth coast of Scotland.

Historically in Banffshire, Buckie was the largest town in the county by some thousands of inhabitants before 1975, when the administrative county was abolished.

The town is the third largest in the Moray council area after Elgin and Forres and within the definitions of statistics published by the General Register Office for Scotland was ranked at number 75 in the list of population estimates for settlements in Scotland mid-year 2006.

Buckie lies virtually equidistant to Banff to the east and Elgin to the west with both communities being approximately 17 miles (27 kilometres) distant whilst Keith lies 12 mi (19 km) to the south by road.

Etymology

The origin of the name of the town has caused some debate and although the folk etymology is that Buckie is named after a seashell (genus buccinum) the reality is that the shared marine background is merely a coincidence.

The name Buckie would originally have occurred in identifying a place that was not immediately adjacent to the sea so we must seek alternative etymological sources.

Unfortunately, in one of the earlier books on Scottish place names, Buckie on the Moray Firth does not receive a mention although Buckie, spelt the same way, in the Balquhidder district of Perthshire is described as being derived from the Gaelic word boc or Welsh bowk, both meaning a buck or male deer, so this would suggest the meaning of Buckie as place where male deer gather and this specifically would most likely have been the valley of what is known today as the Buckie Burn.

In an article by a Dr Cramond in 1936[5] he speaks of the earliest mention of Buckie being in 1362 when the lands of Rove Bucky in le Awne were leased by John Hay to John Young, vicar of Fordyce.

The Hays, of whom the Rannes family have descended, had acquired through Royal favour a footing in the district at a still earlier age when the greater part from the Deveron to the Spey was embraced in the Forest of Awne or Ainie (now Enzie) and the Boyne. Rove Bucky is far from understandable and could be a scribe's error and should perhaps read Over Bucky as occurs in older title deeds, in contra distinction to Nether Buckie. It has been spelt in different ways, Robert Burns called it Bucky in his poem Lady Onlie - Lady Lucky. This was the form at the end of the 18th century.

Robert Gordon’s map Aberdeen, Banf, Murrey &c. to Inverness: [and] Fra the north water to Ross, which is dated at some time between 1636-1652, shows Buckie in its own right as a community some small distance from the coast with the community of Freuchny sitting nearer the shore to the north. Robert Gordon and Joan Blaeu’s Duo Vicecomitatus Aberdonia & Banfia, una cum Regionibus & terrarum tractibus sub iis comprehensis published in Amsterdam 1654 clearly shows Buckie and Freuchny with the addition of Nether Buckie.

James Robertson’s Topographical and military map of the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine,

London, 1822 seems geographically inaccurate in its relative positioning of Buckie, Nether Buckie and Freuchny, but is significant in that the new label of Rotten Slough is given equal importance in terms of size of community with Buckie; however, in Thomson’s Atlas of Scotland,

Edinburgh, 1832 Rotten Slough is fairly unimportant by size so one of these two reference publications is distorted, probably the former. This community, which would later come to be known as Portessie, was reportedly formed when "Porteasie.....became a fishing station in 1727, when 5 houses were built by the proprietor of Rannes for the accommodation of the original fishers from Findhorn" and the 1731 Rathven Session Minutes shows that Rotten Slough already has a population of 40 with ten households and subsequent minutes show the community growing until the 1791 entry records 177 souls in 44 households.

By the time of the publication of the 1891 First Series Ordnance Survey Map of Elgin, which reflects the 1866-1870 survey, Buckie has developed markedly with areas named Seatown, Newtown, Ianstown and Portessie.

The 19th century OS Six Inch series further shows Gordonsburgh, Craig Bow and Strathlene.

The 1910 OS 3rd Edition one-inch map of Elgin has settled on the name of Ianstown and all other parts of Buckie are named as they are known today but then, just to confuse the issue, the Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland,

Edinburgh, 1912 uses the label Ianston. The conflicting nomenclature continued with the issue of the 1929 OS One-inch Popular edition and the 1933 JG Bartholomew & Son, Half-inch to the Mile maps of Scotland.

Layout today

Geographically, the town is, broadly speaking, laid out in a linear fashion, following the coastline. There is a lower shore area and an upper area. Fundamentally Buckie itself is the central part of the community lying between the Victoria Bridge under which flows the Buckie Burn at the western end of West Church Street, the eastern end of Cluny Harbour and above the shore area.

To the west of Victoria Bridge and the Buckie Burn is Buckpool, which was formerly known as Nether Buckie, and on the shoreline, west of Cluny Harbour, between Baron Street and the Buckie Burn mouth, there is The Yardie. Immediately above The Yardie on the Buckie side of the burn is The Seatown. To the west of The Yardie is Harbourhead. To the east of Cluny Harbour lie Ianstown, Gordonsburgh and Portessie also known locally as The Sloch (historically The Rotten Slough), which reaches towards Strathlene.

These communities were, to all intents and purposes, separate fishing settlements that gradually merged over the course of time. A new town was laid out above the shoreline in the 19th century and this is the rump of Buckie.

The 2001 UK Census reported that, from Buckie’s total population 92.11%, were born in Scotland with the largest single minority being those born in England (5.58%.) In terms of declared ethnic allegiance the Scottish figure rose to 93.61%.

As a port

Cluny Harbour is probably still the true heart of Buckie and this project was built by the Cluny family in 1877 to replace the town's first stone harbour in Nether Buckie, which was constructed in 1857 1 mile (2 km) or so to the west but had a tendency to silt up and become unusable.

The Laird of Letterfourie had contributed £5,000 of the construction costs at Nether Buckie but the main investor with the balance of £10,000 was the Board of Fisheries. The engineers were D.&T. Stevenson of Edinburgh, the family firm of the author Robert Louis Stevenson.

It was and remains a very sturdily built edifice with the main walls of considerable thickness being built of quartzite, quarried locally at Strathlene, capped with a very hard type of sandstone, which was also used to form the walls at the entrance and of the harbour proper.

As regards stability the harbour has remained a monument to engineering science with very little maintenance ever being necessary. It had a design fault, however, in that the entrance opened to the north east and was subject to infill with shingle, moving westwards by longshore drift.

Later known as Buckpool Harbour, this earlier port became something of an eyesore and eventually the silted basin became overgrown and dangerously swampy. The decision was taken to fill in the basin and this work was undertaken in the 1970s.

The resulting park includes a pebble beach and the original quartzite harbour walls remain completely intact.

Industry

Once a thriving fishing and shipbuilding port, these industries have declined. Indeed, although Peterhead and Aberdeen are more readily associated with the fishing industry in Northeast Scotland, by 1913 Buckie had the largest steam drifter fleet in Scotland.

Food processing remains important, with large fish factories and smoke houses found around the harbour. Buckie can properly be regarded as one of the main points of origin of the modern Scottish shellfish industry.

A Mancunian, Charles Eckersley, who moved to Buckie in the 1950s and started trading as a fish merchant, noticed that many of the varieties of shellfish that were regarded as economically useless by Buckie fishing vessels (prawns, scallops etc.) were in fact the same species that he had enjoyed whilst completing his National Service in Palestine. He seized the opportunity to exploit this gap in the market and he built a thriving processing and packing business, which eventually expanded to include factories as far afield as Barcelona and Alicante in Spain.

The Buckie Shipyard now repairs and refits RNLI lifeboats for much of the United Kingdom[26] and operates service contracts for various other clients including the MoD as well as building new vessels but boatbuilding was a major industry in the town for decades. Until recent years there were three quite separate boatyards building traditional wooden clinker fishing vessels. Leaving Cluny Square and heading down North High Street, also locally known as the Bowling Green Brae, the view of the sea would have been interrupted by a huge grey corrugated iron shed.

This was Thomsons and vessels were launched directly into the Moray Firth from a slipway. Heading east to Cluny Harbour it would have been impossible to miss Herd and Mackenzie on the fourth or lifeboat basin of the harbour. Directly behind their large sheds and across Blantyre Terrace was Jones with their private harbour into which they launched their vessels.

Thomsons is gone but the premises of Herd and McKenzie and Jones are part of the modern day Buckie Shipyard. It was Herd and McKenzie, a firm with its roots in Dunbartonshire from where Messrs Herd and Mackenzie sortied north, which built and launched the training schooner Captain Scott in 1972.

At the time of its launch, this vessel was the largest of its type in the world. In earlier years, there were further boat construction operations dotted along the shoreline from The Yardie to Ianstown and on to Portessie but these had mostly been amalgamated into the three main firms or had gone out of business by the interwar period.

A significant part of the population works in the offshore oil industry although Buckie somewhat missed the boat with the North Sea boom. In the late 1970s, there were extensive plans drawn up to extend Cluny Harbour out to the Mucks reef with the intention of serving oilfield supply vessels. Nothing came of this but every now and then the idea rears its head once more to be met with great enthusiasm before failing to get off the ground again.

Buckie was home to a specialist electric lamp factory of Thorn EMI until 1987 when it was closed and production moved to a new plant in Leicestershire. All of the predominantly female staff were offered jobs at the new facility in the East Midlands but, as the vast majority of the labour force were second wage earners in families, this offer was almost universally rejected.

Buckie is home to the Inchgower Distillery,which sits 1 mile (2 km) or so inland from the town and is best known for the Inchgower Single Malt.

Herd & McKenzie Shipbuilders

Type - Private

IndustryShipbuilding

Founded1903

FounderJames Herd & Thomas McKenzie

HeadquartersBuckie, UK

Services

Buckie Shipyard built, converted, refitted and repaired ferries, tugs, workboats, yachts, pilot boats, MOD vessels, small cruise vessels, diving vessels, lifeboats, fishing boats and fish farm cages. They slipped vessels up to 850 tonnes in displacement and 70 metres in length.

A new 1,600 sq. metres refit facility opened in 2003, including a state-of-the-art temperature and humidity controlled paint spray booth, capable of taking vessels up to 21m in length, 6m in beam and up to 50 tonnes.

A 50-ton hydraulic slipway hoist transported vessels directly from the inner basin at Buckie Harbour into the refit hall.

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution had been a major client for over 60 years, with all classes of RNLI lifeboat undergoing refit.

In its last few years the yard delivered two aluminium windfarm service catamarans, Penmon Point[6] and Lynas Point to Turbine Transfers, for work in Belgiu] and similar vessels followed.

Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Berlin, Deutschland.

La Estación Central de Berlín es la mayor estación ferroviaria de paso de la Unión Europea.1​ Está ubicada en el centro de Berlín (Alemania), cerca de la Cancillería, del Reichstag (edificio del Parlamento de Alemania) y de la Puerta de Brandeburgo.

El complejo es un diseño del arquitecto alemán Meinhard von Gerkan, del estudio Gerkan, Marg und Partner. El coste inicial del proyecto era de 700 millones de euros, cantidad que finalmente ascendió hasta 900 millones.

La superficie total es de 70.000 m² distribuidos en cinco plantas, con un total de 15.000 m² para restaurantes y comercios situados en las tres plantas centrales, mientras que la superior e inferior albergan los andenes ferroviarios. A ambos lados de la estación se alzan dos bloques de oficinas y viviendas.

La estación se halla a varios centenares de metros de la antigua estación Berlin Hauptbahnhof-Lehrter Bahnhof del S-Bahn (Stadtbahn) que conectaba Berlín-Spandau/Berlín-Charlottenburgo con Berlín-Friedrichstrasse, Berlín-Alexanderplatz, Berlín-Ostbahnhof y Berlín-Lichtenberg. La antigua estación fue demolida a principios de la década de los 2000, cuando ya estaba construida la infraestructura de la actual Estación Central para evitar cortar el importante tráfico ferroviario que soporta el Stadtbahn (un tren cada 30 segundos).

La estación es una pieza clave en el desarrollo de esta zona, con un plan de urbanización que mantiene un equilibrio entre oficinas, hoteles, comercios, viviendas y zonas verdes.

Esta estación central está equidistante de las dos estaciones que oficiaban de estaciones centrales de las partes en que estaba dividida la ciudad antes de la caída del muro de Berlín: Alexanderplatz en Berlín Este, y Berlin Zoologischer Garten en Berlín Occidental. Al otro lado del río Spree se encuentra el complejo Parlamentario y la cancillería.

La parte central es una bóveda curva de 20.000 m², compuesta por 8.500 vidrios de diferentes tamaños unidos por más de 80.000 m de tirantes.

Vista del primer nivel y parte del segundo desde el tercer piso de la estación.

La estación cumple con los más altos estándares que la arquitectura ecológica puede implementar en esta clase de construcciones. El hábil manejo de la luz natural y especialmente la instalación de paneles fotovoltaicos en el tejado, que suministrarán cerca de 50% del consumo energético de la estación, colocan a esta obra como un referente en la materia.

La cuarta parte del presupuesto fue destinada a los cimientos, ya que la central está ubicada en el margen del río Spree, sobre un territorio que tiene como base cerca de 100 m de arena. Se utilizó una técnica que consiste en construir estanques de hormigón de 25 m de profundidad, que se llenaron de agua freática que fue bombeada.

Berlin Central Station is the largest railway station in the European Union.1 It is located in the center of Berlin (Germany), near the Chancellery, the Reichstag (building of the German Parliament) and the Brandenburg Gate .

The complex is a design by the German architect Meinhard von Gerkan, from the Gerkan studio, Marg und Partner. The initial cost of the project was 700 million euros, an amount that finally amounted to 900 million.

The total surface is 70,000 m² distributed over five floors, with a total of 15,000 m² for restaurants and shops located on the three central floors, while the upper and lower floors house the railway platforms. On both sides of the station there are two blocks of offices and houses.

The station is several hundred meters from the former Berlin Hauptbahnhof-Lehrter Bahnhof S-Bahn (Stadtbahn) station that connected Berlin-Spandau / Berlin-Charlottenburg with Berlin-Friedrichstrasse, Berlin-Alexanderplatz, Berlin-Ostbahnhof and Berlin-Lichtenberg . The old station was demolished in the early 2000s, when the infrastructure of the current Central Station was already built to avoid cutting the important rail traffic that supports the Stadtbahn (one train every 30 seconds).

The station is a key piece in the development of this area, with an urbanization plan that maintains a balance between offices, hotels, shops, homes and green areas.

This central station is equidistant from the two stations that served as central stations in the parts into which the city was divided before the fall of the Berlin wall: Alexanderplatz in East Berlin, and Berlin Zoologischer Garten in West Berlin. Across the river Spree is the Parliamentary complex and the chancellery.

The central part is a curved vault of 20,000 m², made up of 8,500 glasses of different sizes joined by more than 80,000 m of braces.

View of the first level and part of the second from the third floor of the station.

The station complies with the highest standards that ecological architecture can implement in this type of construction. The skillful management of natural light and especially the installation of photovoltaic panels on the roof, which will supply nearly 50% of the station's energy consumption, place this work as a benchmark in this area.

The fourth part of the budget was allocated to the foundations, since the plant is located on the bank of the Spree River, on a territory that is based on about 100 m of sand. A technique was used that consists of building concrete ponds 25 m deep, which were filled with groundwater that was pumped.

Elbasan castle is a 15th-century fortress in the city of Elbasan, Albania. The castle was initially composed of 26 equidistant 9-metre (30 ft) high towers. Part of Via Egnatia passes through the castle. Sinan Pasha's Turkish bath is within the walls of the castle. It is a well-preserved attraction built in the early 19th century.

Pero el dos no ha sido nunca un número porque es una angustia y su sombra

(Fedrico Garcia Lorca)

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