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This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 6, Nos. 1-4, 1912 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 6, Nos. 1-4, 1912

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1912

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

Preface v

Special articles:

The medical man and vital statistics, by J. D. Gatewood 1

A plea for more liberal nomenclature for the Naval Medical Service, by A.

W. Dunbar 22

Acid fast bacilli in the circulating blood of lepers, by G. B. Crow 26

The tenth convention of the second Hague conference of 1907, and its

relation to the evacuation of the wounded in naval warfare, by F. L. Pleadwell (second

paper) 34

A study of 3,268 venereal prophylactic treatments, by R. C. Holcomb and

D. C. Gather 52

A year's experience in venereal prophylaxis on board the U. S. S.

Georgia, July 1, 1910-June 30, 1911, by C. L. Moran 60

The recent advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of typhoid fever, by

M. W. Baker 62

United States Medical School laboratories:

The Naval Medical School collections, by P. E. Garrison 69

Additions to the helminthological collection, United States Naval

Medical School, September-November, 1911 72

Additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical School,

September-November, 1911 72

Suggested devices:

Modification in shoe for prevention of blisters on the heel, by W. S.

Sims. . 73

An improved cot for hospital ships and sick bays aboard ship, by E. M. Blackwell

73

Clinical notes:

Umbilical hernia, by H. F. Strine 76

Report of a case resembling gangosa in which treponema pertenuis was present,

by P. S. Rossiter 78

Bunion operations, by A. M. Fauntleroy 79

Late positive Wassermann in syphilis and tuberculosis, by W. B. Grove.

... 81

Salvarsan in frambcesia, by G. F. Cottle 82

Salvarsan in filariasis, by G. F. Cottle 84

Current comment:

The twentieth annual meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons.

... 89

The ninth international Red Cross conference 90

Typhoid fever 91

Yellow fever at Honolulu 92

Opening of the Naval Hospital, Great Lakes training station, 92

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —Pulmonary tuberculosis, experiences with, during

last year; possible infectious origin of pernicious anemia; differential diagnosis

in albuminuria; observations on urine of marathon runners; alcohol in dermal

therapeutics; baldness and its cures; relationship of syphilis and

tuberculosis; present status of salvarsan therapeutics; effect of salvarsan upon

the heart; utilization of Wassermann reaction in the Navy; possible specific

treatment of diabetes mellitus; bromidrosis and hyperidrosis

of the feet; by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 93

Surgery. —Open treatment of transverse fracture of femoral shaft; cure

of prostatic obstruction; organization at main battle dressing station; by R.

Spear 107

Hygiene and sanitation. — A strength and endurance test; dangers to

health from automobile engine gases; decomposing power of bacteria in water; epidemic

due to Gartner bacillus; bacteriological investigation of ice cream in Boston;

emergency rations; accidents of decompression; merits of low protein diet;

concerning particles of albuminous substance in exhaled air; influence of

storage and preservatives upon dissolved oxygen in waters; bacteriological

examinations of oysters; by H. G.

Beyer and C.N. Fiske 113

Tropical medicine. — Preliminary report on method of preventing pernicious

malaria; recent advances in knowledge of sleeping sickness; experiments on the

cause of beriberi; action of quinine, salvarsan and atoxyl on Plasmodium

prrecox in canary birds; relationship between Gl. Morsitans and sleeping

sickness; by E. R. Stitt 124

Pathology and bacteriology. —Detection of tubercle bacilli in sputum; method

of infection in pneumonic plague; study of arteritis of syphilitic origin;

isolation of typhoid, paratyphoid and dysentery bacilli; bacteriological

examination of stools in quarantine protection against cholera; local

production of antibodies; by M. E. Higgins 130

Medical zoology.—Etiology of pellagra, by P. E. Garrison 136

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Determination of arsenic in urine after administering

salvarsan; method for detection of salvarsan; method for estimation of gastric

acidity; absorption of chloroform and other chlorinated hydrocarbons by men and

animals; by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge... 136

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Acute nephritis following acute tonsillitis;

when to remove tonsils and what operation to be used; recent contributions to

knowledge of sympathetic ophthalmia; protest against indiscriminate use of

organic compounds of silver in ophthalmic practice; two cases of iritis treated

with salvarsan ; a quick and easy method for removal of eyeball; by E. M. Shipp

138

Reports and letters:

Sanitary report on Hampton Roads, Norfolk, and vicinity, by G. A. Lung.

149

Recent pellagra clinic at Columbia, S. C, by P. E. Garrison 152

A visit to the Finsen Institute, by R. B. Williams 157

Number 2

Preface vi

Special articles:

Lead poisoning from inhalation of red-lead laden dust. The possible frequency

of lead encephalopathy in such cases, by E. R. Stitt 161

Loss of life by drowning in naval warfare, by T. W. Richards 166

Etiology of gangosa, based upon complement fixation, by E. P. Halton. .

. 190

Further observations on the insane of the Navy, by Heber Butts 193

Roaches and their extermination by the use of sodium fluorid, by M. F. Gates

212

The prophylaxis of boils, by E. W. Phillips 214

Extract from sanitary report, U. S. S. Washington, by J. H. Iden 215

Comment, by J. D. Gatewood 216

Damage table for physical disability in the United States Navy, 1910. International

nomenclature, by C. N. Fiske 217

Indications for intubation and tracheotomy, by G. B. Trible 219

Report on methods of administration of and results obtained from

"salvarsan." Based upon the treatment of over 200 cases of syphilis

at the naval hospital, Mare Island, Cal., by J. A. Biello 221

Method used at naval hospital, Chelsea, Mass., by F. M. Furlong 225

Method used at naval hospital, Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton 225

Method used at naval hospital, New York, N. Y., by C. M. Oman 226

Distribution of tubercle bacilli in the sputa of tuberculous patients,

by R. W. King 227

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Specimens added to the helminthological collection, December, 1911-February,

1912 229

Specimens added to the pathological collection, December,

1911-February, 1912 231

Miscellaneous collection, December, 1911-February, 1912 231

Suggested devices:

An incubator for gelatine cultures, by F. L. Letts 233

Clinical notes:

Report of a case of perforation of the sigmoid by an ulcer, in a case

of dysentery (Flexner-Strong), by Raymond Spear and M. E. Higgins 235

Plastic operation of lip, by R. A. Bachmann 236

Removal of entire fibula, by J. L. Neilson 236

Frontal sinusitis, followed by double mastoiditis; operations, by G. B.

Trible 239

"Salvarsan " in syphilis, leprosy, and yaws, by W. M. Kerr

240

Two surgical cases occurring on the U. S. S. South Carolina, by R. B. Williams

242

1. Abscess of prostate, gangrene of scrotum, pyemia, death.

2. Tonsillitis; tonsillectomy, acute nephritis, uremia.

Surgical cases from the naval hospital, Norfolk, Va., by H. F. Strine

243

1. Lacerated kidney, nephrectomy.

2. Gastro-enterostomy.

3. Cholecystocolostomy; external biliary fistula; stricture of common duct.

4. Multiple abscess of liver.

Editorial comment:

Yellow fever on the Yorktown, by C. F. Stokes 249

The Naval Medical Bulletin 260

Hospital ships 250

Paresis and "line of duty " 253

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — Relation of so-called Brill's disease to typhus

fever. Diagnostic importance of hemoptysis. Acute dilatation of the stomach in

pneumonia. Reaction induced by antityphoid vaccination, by A. W. Dunbar and J.

L. Neilfon 255

Surgery. —Organization of the medical service at the main dressing

station in battle, by H. G. Beyer. The error of overlooking ureteral or renal stones

under the diagnosis of appendicitis. The incision for lumbar

exposure of the kidney. Iodine as the sole dressing for operation

wounds. A review of recent methods for the radical cure of hernia. Studies in peritoneal

adhesions. The surgical treatment of colitis, by Raymond Spear and C. M. Oman

259

Hygiene and sanitation. —A symposium on the effects of athletics on

young men, by J. L. Neilson. Mosquito larvicides, by E. R. Stitt. Sur une cause

possible du gout empyreumatique de l'eau de boisson a bord des navires de

guerre, by C. L. Moran. Organic matter in expired air. Tests for freshness of

milk, by E. W. Brown. Experiments in book disinfection. The purification of

water by anhydrous chlorine. Oral hygiene (preliminary contribution on the care

of the mouth). On the survival of specific microorganisms in pupae and imagines

of musca domestica raised from experimentally infected larvae : Experiments

with B. typhosus. On the varieties of B. coli associated with the house fly, by

C. N. Fiske. 271

Tropical medicine. —A few words on the distribution of smallpox,

tuberculosis, and typhoid in the tropics. Do mosquitoes require blood as

nourishment in the development of their eggs? By E. R. Stitt 279

Pathology and bacteriology. —An attempt to differentiate the

diphtheroid group of organisms. The period of infectivity of the blood of

measles; an experimental demonstration of the presence of the virus of measles

in the mixed buccal and nasal secretions; the nature of the virus of measles; the

infectivity of the secretions and disquamating scales of measles. A new

conception of immunity. Complement in human serum, by M. E. Higgins 281

Medical zoology. —A comparative study of the ameba in the Manila water supply,

in the intestinal tract of healthy persons and in amebic dysentery. The Rocky

Mountain spotted fever tick, with special reference to the problems of its

control in Bitter Root Valley, Montana, by P. B. Garrison 283

Chemistry and pharmacy. —Some considerations on the absorption and excretion

of drugs. Detection of albumoses in urine. Estimation of free HC1 in gastric

contents by capillary method. Detection of albumin in urine by Merck's tablets.

Estimation of acetone in animal liquids. New test for bile in urine. Method for

determining formaldehyde. Indirect method for determining total volume of

gastric contents, by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 286

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Abscess of the nasal septum. Observations upon

the treatment of gonorrheal conjunctivitis in the adult, by E. M. Shipp 291

Reports and letters:

Yellow fever occurring on board the U. S. S. Yorktown at Guayaquil, Ecuador,

extracts from a report on cases of, by C. B. Camerer 295

Report on military surgery at Foochow, China, by J. G. Omelvena 300

Notes on Camp Meyer, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, by L. W. Johnson 303

Special report on the general surgical department, Naval Hospital,

Norfolk, Va. Anesthesia. Prophylaxis of wound infection. Appendicitis. Post-operative

treatment, by H. F. Strine 305

American Public Health Association meeting (abstract of report on), by W.

H. Short 309

Number 3

Preface v

Special articles:

Leprosy, with notes on, and illustrations of the cases as they occurred

in the Tumon Leper Colony, Guam, Marianas, during the months of October and

November, 1911, by W. M. Kerr, assistant surgeon, United States Navy 313

Photographs of lepers, by G. F. Cottle, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 342

Vision in relation to marksmanship, by E. J. Grow, surgeon, United States

Navy 344

Technique of a Wassermann test in which guinea-pig complement is not required;

Emery technique; Noguchi reagents, by E. R. Stitt, medical inspector, United

States Navy 362

Some minor sanitary defects in modern battleships, and their correction,

by F. L. Pleadwell, surgeon, United States Navy 309

Additional report of cases with unusual symptoms caused by contact with

some unknown variety of jelly fish, by E. H. Old, passed assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 377

The effects of high temperature on the personnel of the fire rooms of

naval vessels with special reference to heat cramps (myalgia thermica), by W.

L. Mann, passed assistant surgeon, United States Navy 380

Detection of methyl alcohol, by C. Schaffer, hospital steward, United States

Navy 392

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the helminthological collection 395

Additions to the pathological collection 395

Additions to the miscellaneous collection 396

Suggested devices:

A bunk locker, a tray, and a bracket stool for use in sick bays and

wards of hospital ships, by E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy 397

A method for use in opsonic index work and vaccine standardization, by R.

E. Weaver, hospital steward, United States Navy 398

Clinical notes:

A note on a case of fish poisoning in Guam, by W. M. Kerr, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 401

Two cases of climatic bubo, by E. W. Phillips, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 402

Rupture of the left kidney (nephrectomy), by A. M. Fauntleroy, surgeon,

United States Navy 404

Abscess of the liver in a young infant, by F. E. Sellers, passed

assistant surgeon, United States Navy 405

Appendectomy on a haemophiliac, by B. F. Jenness, passed assistant surgeon.

United States Navy 407

Editorial comment:

New accounting system at naval hospitals, by Surg. Gen. C. F. Stokes, United

States Navy 411

The relations of the American National Red Cross with the Medical

Department of the Navy in war 413

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. — Physical exercise and blood pressure. On the

identity of typhus fever and Brill's disease. Studies on the virus of typhus,

by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson 417

Surgery.— The prevention and treatment of ventral hernia. Technique and

remote results of vascular anastomoses. Accidents and deaths from exploratory

puncture of the pleura. The control of bleeding in brain operations. Surgical

pathology of the stomach and duodenum, by R. Spear and C. M. Oman 421

Hygiene and sanitation.— The physiological influence of ozone.

Influence of benzine, toluene, and light and heavy "benzines" on the

organism, by E. W. Brown. Disinfection experiments with perautan and paragan. A

new and rapid method of bacteriological water examination, its applicability to

the testing of filtered and well water. A mosquito larvacide disinfectant and

the methods of its standardization. The sterilization of milk bottles with

calcium hypochlorite. Apyrexial malaria carriers, by H. G. Beyer and O. N.

Kiske 431

Tropical medicine. — Cell-inclusions in the blood of a case of

blackwater fever. The estimation of the specific gravity of the blood and its

value in the treatment of cholera, by E. R. Stitt 436

Pathology and bacteriology.— A study of 35 strains of streptococci

isolated from samples of milk, by C. N. Fiske. Method for the quantitative determination

of fecal bacteria, by E. W. Brown. Pure cultivation of

spirochieta refringens, by M. E. Higgins 438

Chemistry and pharmacy. —On the diagnostic value of colloidal nitrogen

in the urine in cases of carcinoma. Determination of the quantity of residual

urine. Clarification of the urine in the estimation of sugar. On the excretion

of formaldehyde, ammonia, and hexamethylenamine. Organic compounds of the

aromatic series as cholagogucs, by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 439

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. — An operation for glaucoma. Notes from an Indian

eye clinic. In the report from the St. Louis Ophthalmological Society in a

discussion on the antiseptic and germicidal properties of the silver salts.

Notes of three cases illustrating infection of the accessory sinuses by entry

of water into the nose during bathing. Three cases of chronic suppurative

otitis media, by G. B. Trible 441

Reports and letters:

An account of the sinking of the Japanese battleship Hatsuse in the

late Russo-Japanese war, by F. L. Pleadwell, surgeon, United States Navy.. 447

Organization, camp management, and sanitation in effect at the marine barracks,

Camp Elliott, Isthmus Canal Zone, Panama, April 15, 1910, to February 26, 1912,

by S. D. Butler, major, United States Marine Corps.. 458

Sanitary conditions in Samoa, by R. U. Reed, passed assistant surgeon, United

States Navy 462

Sanitary conditions in Guam, by C. P. Kindleberger, surgeon, United

States Navy 464

Number 4

Preface v

Special articles

A description of recent hospital construction in the United States

Navy, by A. W. Dunbar, surgeon, United States Navy 473

A few general principles of hospital construction, by F. W. Southworth,

S. B., architect 523

Ventilation of warships, by R. H. Robinson, naval constructor, United States

Navy 529

Plans and description of a hospital ship for the United States Navy, by

E. M. Blackwell, surgeon, United States Navy 539

A report on the prevalence of framboesia (yaws) in Guam, and its

connection with the etiology of gangosa, by W. M. Kerr, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 549

Diagnosis and dosage in hookworm cases in the Navy, by J. F. Leys,

surgeon, United States Navy 552

Nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia, by H. F. Strine, surgeon, United

States Navy 555

A theoretical discussion of the character and genesis of thermic

myospasms, with further observations on myalgia thermica, by W. L. Mann, passed

assistant surgeon. United States Navy 558

Eight hundred and twenty complement-fixation tests on 461 patients, by E.

P. Huff, passed assistant surgeon. United States Navy 562

United States Naval Medical School laboratories:

Additions to the helminthological collection 575

Additions to the pathological collection 575

Additions to the miscellaneous collection 575

Suggested devices:

A simple method of securing shelf-bottle stoppers during target

practice, by H. S. Coombs, hospital apprentice, first class. United States

Navy. . . . 577

The rat guard used in the Philippine Islands, by C. Fox, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Public Health Service 577

Clinical notes:

Case reports from the United States naval hospital, Philadelphia, by G.

B. Crow, L. W. Johnson, A. J. Toulon, and C. W. Smith, passed assistant surgeons,

United States Navy 579

A case of very large stone in kidney without acute symptoms.

Pneumonia following an injury.

The effect of salvarsan on the average number of sick days from

syphilis.

A case of extensive adenocarcinoma.

A case of exceptionally severe syphilitic Irido-cyclltis with marked

changes in the interior of the eye and total loss of light perception.

An interesting case of gunshot wound, by J. M. Minter, passed assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 584

Fracture of humerus by muscular action, by R. G . Davis, assistant

surgeon, United States Navy 585

Editorial comment :

Participation of Medical Officers in Professional Conferences 587

Sight tests for seamen 588

Recent legislation affecting the Medical Department of the Navy 589

Naval Hospital Corps 590

Progress in medical sciences:

General medicine. —Bier's hypersemic treatment in gonorrhceal epididymitis,

by C. N . Fiske. Normal human blood serum in obstetric practice. The cutaneous

reaction of syphilis. Clinical experience with neosalvarsan. By A. W. Dunbar

and J. L. Neilson 591

Surgery. — Local anesthesia in traumatic surgery. Surgery of the bile

ducts. Vanadium steel bone plates and screws. Observations on the diagnosis of

renal tuberculosis, the indications for nephrectomy in its treatment, and the

technic of the operation. Pyloroplasty. By R. Spear and C. M. Oman 596

Hygiene and sanitation. —Notes on the ventilation of troopships in the Tropics.

The structure and functions of the foot. By H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske 608

Tropical medicine. — The antineuritic bases of vegetable origin in

relation to beriberi, with a method of isolation of torulin, the antineuritic

base of yeast, by J. L. Neilson 609

Pathology and bacteriology. —Double-stain method for the polar bodies

of diphtheria bacilli, by O. G. Huge. The examination of diphtheria specimens;

a new technique in staining with toluidin blue. A critical

study of the organisms cultivated from the lesions of human leprosy,

with a consideration of their etiological significance. By M. E. Higgins 611

Medical zoology. — Trypanosoma rhodesiense, a second species of

trypanosome producing sleeping sickness in man, by J. L. Neilson 612

Chemistry and pharmacy.— Studies in bacterial metabolism, by C. N. Fiske.

The definition of normal urine. The estimation of indican in urine. A new

method for the determination of total nitrogen in urine.

On the determination of ammonia in urine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge

613

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Tonsillectomy with consideration of its

complications. Protargol in antisepsis of the visual apparatus. The trachoma

question. Keratitis as a cause of myopia. By G. B. Trible 617

Reports and letters:

Fourth Provisional Regiment, United States Marines, Camp Thomas, North

Island, San Diego, Cal., by R. E. Hoyt, passed assistant surgeon, United States

Navy 623

Marine Expeditionary Force, Pekin, China, by R. B. Henry, assistant surgeon,

United States Navy 632

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running dog topography by moocatmoocat

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Happy dog running, using Paintshop Pro XI 'topography' effect

Laos----Khmsouk by Danny

3 10

We spent a month in Laos backpacking through the country, it was such an amazing place and on our journey we spent a week in a town called Laung Prabang which is home to so many temples well over 50 of them and every morning hundreds and hundreds of monks walk the streets collecting Alms ..It really is an amazing place and on our second day in Luang prabang we rented peddle bikes and grabbed a map of the town and we set off on a temple finding mission. The temples are always open to anyone who would like to go there, and as we were at a temple on the North of town we meet a monk named Khmsouk. There was none at the temple and he was outside sweeping the grounds and he took a minute to talk to us and invited us back to the temple that night at 6:45pm for the monks daily chants and prayers. We gladly accepted his offer and that night when we came back we spent 40 minutes inside a small temple with 9 monks as they chanted there prayers in unison..It was so overwhelming here we are in Laos immersed in this hypnotic wave of heat just trying to take all this in --it again was one of the best days ive had and i keep it close to me -----

-After the chants were done Khmsouk came over to us and asked if we would like to join him outside and we could talk to him. So we went and sat on this old wooden swing under a mango tree and talked for over 3 hours khmsock explained so much about Buddhism and how he had been in this temple from the age of 13 and he was now 21 and this was his last year of studies and he was to make a decision if he wanted to stay in this temple and become a monk for the rest of his life or he could leave in 5 months after his studies were done --He had spent 8 years in this temple and said he loved it so much but its just hard in these days now to be a Monk when the world is evolving so fast outside and everything has changed in the last 15 years in Laung Prabang --how its hard for the monks to collect food in the morning at alms as less people are helping them as traditions slowly fade away ---It was so sad to hear him talk about that and he said that most Monks now are leaving the Temples in search of there new life --Its not a bad thing he said and it just makes life different and he said we all must embrace change and having good people out there in the world that were monks is just as important for the reason on how he said he would do good in a different way just by being a good person and helping people out people ----Khmsouk invited me and tam back the next day for chants and again we spent hours sitting in that wooden bench talking --he would ask us about Canada and how our country is and how we live here and we would ask him about Laos tradition and Buddhism---It was such a humbling experience and we spent 5 nights riding our peddle bikes 40 minutes across town to meet up with Khmsouk.....It was such an important part of my life for me ----

Specs ---Side note did i really get to light paint a monk? for real--That was awesome ----one of the days when we were there Khmsouk was asking me about my job and i told him i was a photographer back in Canada and as we started talking i asked him if i could do a Light Painting photo of him --He was more then willing and i explained what light painting was and how you have your camera on a tripod at night in the dark and then you take a long photo and move around lights during that photo --ahaha that was confusing but he was in to try it out so i got all my gear and i light painted Khmsouk sitting in the wooden swing where we hung out every night ---I choose the blue colored smoke for that color combo of the Orange robe he was wearing

no photoshop

A huge thanks to Khmsouk for all his thoughts and teachings and for effecting my life in such a positive way

Martin said look at the Links + Text by Duckwailk 2017

Thalidomide Nerve Damage

Thalidomide, the drug which caused an epidemic of deformed babies in the 1960s has a second important side-effect in causing damage to the peripheral nerves which can be permanent. Although the drug was withdrawn in 1961, it was re-introduced in 1965 for the management of a complication of leprosy. Thalidomide is not a cure for this disease, but suppresses an allergy which arises during the course of treatment. While the the effect on the fetus can be avoided by not using the drug in women in the reproductive age group, all patients who take the drug are at risk of developing nerve damage. The frequency of this side-effect was originally in dispute, but according to a recently published book, it is estimated that about 40,000 people suffered from peripheral nerve damage when the drug was used as a sedative in Germany. It would be expected that leprosy patients given the drug would also develop nerve damage. However, despite its use in this disease for over 30 years, not a single case of nerve damage attributable to the drug has been reported. Because of its effectiveness in treating patients with leprosy, Thalidomide was tried out in a number of other diseases. Here the frequency of nerve damage has been at least 21%. It therefore remains a mystery why there are no reports of nerve damage in leprosy patients given the drug. Of course leprosy also affects the peripheral nerves, but there are means of distinguishing nerve damage due to the disease from the neurotoxic effects of thalidomide. The background to this 'mystery' is discussed at www.thalidomide.org

Last September, a research letter was published in the Lancet, the prestigious medical journal. A group of leprosy patients from Bangladesh were described suffering from severe pain in the lower limbs despite finishing their treatment. Although no valid explanation was given for these symptoms and signs, it appeared to me that the patients could have received thalidomide. Accordingly, I wrote to the Lancet, suggesting this might be the case. The Lancet rejected my letter, so I added another paragraph and sent it to the British Medical Journal. the title 'Is thalidomide to blame? is the same as the letter to the British Medical Journal published in 1960. This was the first publication in a medical journal mentioning thalidomide nerve damage, so it seemed appropriate to repeat the title. The letter is reproduced as follows

Is thalidomide to blame?

On December 31, 1960, Dr Leslie Florence, a Scottish General Practitioner wrote a letter to the British Medical Journal(1) entitled 'Is thalodomide to blame?'. Four of his patients had complained of paraesthesia of the hands and feet, coldness of the extremities and nocturnal cramps in leg muscles. He questioned whether these symptoms could be due to thalidomide as all four had recieved the drug. This was the first report of thalidomide neuropathy in the medical literature. Although thalidomide was withdrawn because of its teratogenic effects, it was subsequently re-introduced for the management of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a complication of lepromatous or multibacillary leprosy. Thalidomide has now been used in the management of a variety of non-leprosy disorders where the frequency of neuropathy is at least 21%(2). In leprosy, thalidomide neuropathy has not been reported despite the use of the drug in high doses and for prolonged periods.

On September 23, 2000, Hietaharju and colleagues(3) described the features of chronic pain in leprosy patients after completion of anti-bacterial treatment. No explanation is given for the persistence of these symptoms. As all patients had multibacillary leprosy, it is possible they had episodes of ENL during the course of therapy, in which case they may have been treated with thalidomide. The distribution of sensory loss and in particular, the severe burning pain which Hietaharju et al describe are very characteristic of thalidomide neuropathy(4). The intractable nature of the sensory disturbances are also a feature of this neuropathy(5). Have these patients recieved thalidomide?

References

Florence AL. Is thalidomide to blame? Br Med J 1960; 2: 1954.

Ochonisky S, Verroust J, Bastuji-Garin S Gheradi R, Revuz J. Thalidomide neuropathy incidence and clinicoelectrophysiologic findings in 42 patients. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130: 66-9.

Hietaharju A, Croft R, Alam R, Birch P, Mong A, Haanpaa M. Chronic neuropathic pain in treated leprosy. Lancet 2000; 356: 1080-1.

Thalidomide neuropathy Lancet 1969: 1: 713-4

Fullerton PM, O'Sullivan DJ. Thalidomide neuropathy: a clinicalelectrophysiological and histological follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1968: 31: 543-51

Once again the letter was rejected. The British Medical Journal also has a web-site but refused to post the letter, so a great opportunity has been lost to warn leprosy workers in developing countries about the dangers of nerve damage following the use of the drug. There is no indication from either journal that attempts have been made to find out whether the patients have been given thalidomide. If the severe disability has been caused by thalidomide, then the patients should be compensated. Moreover, if one in five patients given the drug for non-leprosy disorders develop peripheral nerve damage, thousands of leprosy patients, who over 30 years have received high doses of thalidomide, should also have sustained damage to the peripheral nerves. Even today, new patients who are still being given thalidomide are at great risk of suffering severe pain for the rest of their lives.

By Dr Colin Crawford July 2001

e-mail:clcraw13@hotmail.com

www.dw.de/programas/áfrica/s-13918

www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/16/thalidomide-apolo...

www.avite.org/

www.thalidomide.ca/

www.avite.org/film.htm

www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3043006,00.html

www.avite.org/ultimahora.php

Mass Effect 2 by jit

3 1

AprilM2107 - droste effect by manyone1

3 6

droste effect applied to this original owned by AprilM2107

The Silk Road Effect by World Economic Forum

Giorgi Kvirikashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia speaking during the Session The Silk Road Effect at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 19, 2017

Rose - Lomo effect by hasham2

17 1

S6009997.png_effected by Anna Asfridr

1:72 T-34/105Ö; vehicle "203", Österreichisches Bundesheer (Austrian Armed Forces‘ Federal Army), 2. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 4; Graz/Austria, 1969 (Whif/kitbashing) by Dizzyfugu

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background:

The T-34, a Soviet medium tank, had a profound and lasting effect on the field of tank design. At its introduction in 1940, the T-34 possessed an unprecedented combination of firepower, mobility, protection and ruggedness. Its 76.2 mm high-velocity tank gun provided a substantial increase in firepower over any of its contemporaries while its well-sloped armour was difficult to penetrate by most contemporary anti-tank weapons. Although its armour and armament were surpassed later in the war, it has often been credited as the most effective, efficient and influential tank design of the Second World War.

The T-34 was the mainstay of Soviet armoured forces throughout the Second World War. Its design allowed it to be continuously refined to meet the constantly evolving needs of the Eastern Front: as the war went on it became more capable, but also quicker and cheaper to produce. Soviet industry would eventually produce over 80,000 T-34s of all variants, allowing steadily greater numbers to be fielded as the war progressed despite the loss of tens of thousands in combat against the German Wehrmacht. Replacing many light and medium tanks in Red Army service, it was the most-produced tank of the war, as well as the second most produced tank of all time (after its successor, the T-54/55 series). T-34 variants were widely exported after World War II, and even as recently as 2010, the tank has seen limited front-line service with several developing countries

One of the unusual and rather unknown operators of the T-34 was Austria. 25 tanks (some sources claim 27 or even 37) of the late T-34/85 variant came as a gift from (well, they were actually left behind by) the Soviet Union in 1955 when the Red Army left the country, meaning that the Austrian Bundesheer was re-established. These vehicles became the young army's initial backbone, until more modern equipment (e. g. M41 and M47 tanks procured from the USA and AMX-13/75 tanks from France) replaced them in frontline service. Due to their ruggedness and simplicity, they were kept in service, though - primarily for training, and some vehicles were in the 1970s integrated into hidden bunkers, defending strategically vital "security space zones".

A revival of the Austrian T-34/85 fleet came in the late Sixties, though, when the Austrian Army recognized a lack in long range attack capabilities (at 1.000 m range and more) against hardened targets like enemy tanks, paired with high mobility and low costs, similar to the German Jagdpanzer profile from WWII. At that time, Austria operated roundabout 50 Charioteer tanks with 83.4 mm guns in this role, but these British vehicles were outdated and needed a timely replacement.

Another limiting factor were severe budget restrictions. The eventual solution came from the Austrian company Saurer: a relatively simple conversion of the indigenous Saurer APC, armed with a version of the French AMX-13's FL-12 oscillating turret, armed with a powerful 105mm cannon, which had just become available in an export version. However, in order to bridge the new tank hunter's development time and quickly fill the defense gap, the Austrian T-34/85s were checked whether it was possible to modernize them with the new turret, too.

The first conversion was carried out by Saurer in 1963 and proved to be successful. Since the light FL-12 turret had a smaller bearing diameter than the old T-34/85 turret, the integration into the hull went straightforward with the help of a simple adapter ring. What made the conversion even simpler was the fact that the FL-12, with its integrated cannon and an automated loading system, was a complete, self-sufficient unit.

The French turret was only lightly armoured, since the tank was not supposed to engage heavily-armed enemies at close range. The turret's front armour protected the crew from 20mm armour-piercing rounds over its frontal arc, while all-round protection was against small arms bullets only. The commander was seated on the left of the turret and the gunner on the right. The commander was provided with seven periscopes and a periscopic sight. The commander's infrared night sight had a magnification of x6. The gunner had two observation periscopes, a telescopic sight and a one-piece lifting and swiveling hatch cover. Due to the design of the oscillating turret, all sights were always linked to the main and secondary armament (a standard NATO machine gun). For engaging targets at night, an infrared periscopic sight was provided for the commander. In order to simplify and lighten the tank, the T-34’s bow machine gun in the hull was deleted and its opening faired over and the crew was reduced to three.

The 105 mm gun could penetrate 360 mm of armour, and the internal magazines of 2x 6 shots allowed a very high rate of fire (up to 12 shots per minute), even though a crew member had to leave the tank in order to fill the magazines up again from the outside. Once the gun had been fired the empty cartridge cases were ejected out of the rear of the turret through a trapdoor hinged on the left. Beyond the 12 rounds in the turret, a further 42 rounds were stored in the tank's hull, primarily in a stowage rack for 30 shots where the former second crew member in the front hull had been placed, and a further twelve rounds in magazines at the turret’s base.

The T-34/85’s engine and transmission were not changed, since an update was beyond the conversion budget limit, but lighter “skeleton” wheels from Czech T-34 post-war production were introduced, so that the modified tank weighed roundabout 30 tons, 2 less than the standard T-35/85.

After highly successful field tests with the prototype in the course of 1963 and 1964, a further conversion program for 16 tanks was approved and carried out until early 1965. The modified tanks received the official designation T-34/105Ö and allocated to two tank battalions. Most of the time these tanks were only used for training purposes, though, in preparation of the arrival of the "real" tank hunter, the SK-105 "Kürassier" (Cuirassier) with almost identical weapon systems. The SK-105’s first prototype was eventually ready in 1967 and delivery of pre-production vehicles commenced in 1971, but teething troubles and many detail problems delayed the type's quick and widespread introduction. Lighter and much more agile than the vintage T-34s, it became a big success and was produced in more than 700 specimen, almost 300 of them for the Austrian Army and the rest for export (Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Morocco and Tunisia). In consequence, the small T-34/105Ö fleet was soon retired and by 1976, when the Kürassier was in service and other, heavy tanks had become available, none of the converted tanks was still active anymore. Nevertheless, a few Austrian T-34s that had become part of the hidden bunker installations soldiered secretly on, the last ones were dug out of their positions and scrapped in 2007(!).

Specifications:

Crew: Three (commander, gunner, driver)

Weight: 29.7 t combat load

Length: 8.21 m (26 ft 10 ½ in) with turret forward

6.10 m (19 ft 11 ¾ in) hull only

Width: 3.00 m (9 ft 10 in)

Height: 2,74 m (8 ft 11 ½ in)

Suspension: Christie

Ground clearance: 0.4 m (16 in)

Fuel capacity: eight internal tanks, total capacity of 545 l (145 U.S. gal; 118 imp gal),

plus up to four external fuel drums à 90 l each (24 U.S. gal; 19.5 imp gal)

Engine:

Model V-2-34M 38.8 l V12 Diesel engine with 520 hp (370 kW) at 1.800 rpm

Transmission:

5 forward and 1 reverse gears

Armor:

16 - 45 mm steel (plus composite armour in the turret)

Performance:

Speed:

- Maximum, road: 58 km/h (36 mph)

- Cross country: up to 40 km/h (28 mph)

Operational range: 250 km (155) on streets with internal fuel only,

up to 330 km (250 mi) with four additional fuel drums

Power/weight: 17.5 hp/t

Armament:

1× 105 mm CN 105-57 rifled gun with a total 54 rounds, 12 of them ready in the turret's magazines

1× 7.62mm (0.3") co-axial NATO machine gun with 2.000 rounds

2× 2 smoke grenade dischargers

The kit and its assembly:

This weird, fictional combo was originally spawned by an Israeli idea: some vintage M4 Sherman tanks had been outfitted with the AMX-13's swiveling turrets and armed with French CN-75-50 75mm a cannon, creating the so-called "Isherman". I kept this concept in the back of my mind for a long time, with the plan to build one some day.

Then I came a couple of weeks ago across a picture on FlickR that showed a T-34/85 with Austrian markings. At first I thought that it had been a fictional museum piece in fake markings, but upon some legwork I found out that Austria had actually operated the T-34!

So, why not combine both ideas into a new and fictional one...? The rest was straightforward kitbashing: the FL-12 turret with a 105 mm cannon came from a Heller AMX-13 (a shaggy thing with dubious fit, but it was cheap) and for the chassis I tried the relatively new Zvezda T-35/85. The latter is actually a very crisp snap-fit kit, just some light flash here and there. Detail and proportions are very good, though, as well as fit. I was only surprised by the construction of the tracks, because it is a different approach from both of the traditional vinyl tracks or IP track segments. Instead, you get complete, rather thin and delicate IP tracks, and Zvezda expects the builder to bend them around the wheels and stick them between the wheels' halves during the construction process. You actually have to mount the “inner” half of the wheels first, then the track is attached to a locator pin on one of the main wheels, bent into shape, and finally the wheels' “outer” halves are added. Sounds complicated, and it actually is, and it also makes painting the whole running gear quite difficult, but it works – even though the result is IMHO not better than the traditional solutions.

The AMX-13 turret’s integration was easier than expected. Building the turret was a little complicated, because all side walls are separate and there are no locator pins or other aides for orientation. Some PSR became necessary to fill some minor gaps, but nothing dramatic. Mounting the AMX-13 turret to the T-34 hull was made easy through a very convenient design detail of the Zvezda kit: the T-34 comes with a separate turret ring that could be used as an adapter for the Heller turret. Three ejection/sprue residues inside of the ring could be used as a foundation for the AMX-13 turret, and the turret’s lower half/ring was, after some sanding to reduce the gap between the turret and the hull, was also glued onto the adapter. Worked like a charm, and the resulting combo looks very natural!

In order to improve the turret’s look I added a cloth seal between the lower and the upper, oscillating turret section, simulated with paper tissue drenched in thinned white glue (OOB the turret cannot be moved vertically at all). A similar seal was added at the barrel’s base.

Other changes were only minimal: the machine gun port in the front hull was sanded away and faired over, and I omitted the spare track links attached to the front hull. For a modernized look I gave the tank an additional pair of front lights as well as stoplights at the rear, scratched from styrene bits.

Painting and markings:

Basically a very simple affair, because there is ONLY one possible livery and color that suits an Austrian Bundesheer vehicle or item from the Seventies: RAL 7013 (Braungrau). This is a very ugly tone, though, "greenish, fresh mud" describes it well: a dull, brownish olive drab, but definitively not a green (like the omnipresent NATO tone Gelboliv RAL 6014, which was used by the German Bundeswehr until the standardized NATO three-tone camouflage was introduced around 1984). I organized a rattle can of this special color, since the tank model would receive a simple, uniform livery.

Due to the kit's , err, unique running gear construction, painting became a little complicated. I had to paint the hull and the (still) separate wheel parts in advance, so that the pre-painted elements could be assembled around the tracks (see above). The tracks themselves were painted with a cloudy mix of iron metallic, black and leather brown (Revell 99, 8 and 84). The turret was painted separately.

After the kit’s major sections had been assembled they received a light wash with a mix of highly thinned black with some red brown added, and the washing was immediately dabbed off of the surfaces so that most of the pigments ended up in recesses and around details, while the rest received an blurry, light dirt filter.

Once dry, I applied the decals. The tiny Austrian roundels come from a generic TL Modellbau sheet (never expected to find any use for them!), the tactical code comes from another tank kit sheet. In order to add some more highlights I also added some small, white markings on the fenders.

Then I gave the model an overall dry-brushing treatment with olive drab, medium grey and finally some ochre, just emphasizing details and edges.

Since the uniform livery appeared a bit dull to me, I decided to add a few camouflage nets to the hull, which also hide some weak points of the Zvezda kit, e.g. the missing rails along the hull. The nets were created from gauze bandages: small pieces (~1”x1”) of the material were dipped into a mix of white glue and olive drab acrylic paint and then carefully placed on hull, turret and barrel. Once dry, they were also dry-brushed.

As final steps, the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (rattle can again) and I dusted the lower areas with a greyish-brown pigment mix, simulating dust and some mud crusts.

What started as a weird idea turned into a very conclusive what-if project – in fact, the T-34 with the French FL-12/44 turret does not look bad at all, and the Austrian colors and markings make this piece of fiction IMHO very convincing. Adding the camouflage nets was also a good move. They hide some of the details (e.g. the omitted bow machine gun station), but they liven up the rather clean and bleak exterior of the tank. I am positively surprised how good the T-34/105Ö looks!

Slow Dance Debate @Venice Biennale 2011 . Art Format debating on Emergencies, by Biennalist by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel : Artist

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

www.colonel.dk/

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィア・ビエンナーレ威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

Edlesss... by Dong-hyung Han

5 5

Mirror effect

Special Effect-0105 by Francesco Bassetto

4 1

zoom-burst-effect by margaretpaul

11 7

A fountain at Ightam Mote NT by tedesco57

1 1

Originally dating to around 1320, the building is important because it has most of its original features; successive owners effected relatively few changes to the main structure, after the completion of the quadrangle with a new chapel in the 16th century. Pevsner described it as "the most complete small medieval manor house in the county", and it remains an example that shows how such houses would have looked in the Middle Ages. Unlike most courtyard houses of its type, which have had a range demolished, so that the house looks outward, Nicholas Cooper observes that Ightham Mote wholly surrounds its courtyard and looks inward, into it, offering little information externally.[9] The construction is of "Kentish ragstone and dull red brick,"[10] the buildings of the courtyard having originally been built of timber and subsequently rebuilt in stone.[11]

The moat of Ightham Mote

The house has more than 70 rooms, all arranged around a central courtyard, "the confines circumscribed by the moat."[10] The house is surrounded on all sides by a square moat, crossed by three bridges. The earliest surviving evidence is for a house of the early 14th century, with the great hall, to which were attached, at the high, or dais end, the chapel, crypt and two solars. The courtyard was completely enclosed by increments on its restricted moated site, and the battlemented tower was constructed in the 15th century. Very little of the 14th century survives on the exterior behind rebuilding and refacing of the 15th and 16th centuries.

The structures include unusual and distinctive elements, such as the porter's squint, a narrow slit in the wall designed to enable a gatekeeper to examine a visitor's credentials before opening the gate. An open loggia with a fifteenth-century gallery above, connects the main accommodations with the gatehouse range. The courtyard contains a large, 19th century dog kennel.[12] The house contains two chapels; the New Chapel, of c.1520, having a barrel roof decorated with Tudor roses. [13] Parts of the interior were remodelled by Richard Norman Shaw.[14] wikipedia

16th century-late 19th century

The house remained in the Selby family for nearly 300 years.[3] Sir William was succeeded by his nephew, also Sir William, who is notable for handing over the keys of Berwick-upon-Tweed to James I on his way south to succeed to the throne.[4] He married Dorothy Bonham of West Malling but had no children. The Selbys continued until the mid-19th century when the line faltered with Elizabeth Selby, the widow of a Thomas who disinherited his only son.[5] During her reclusive tenure, Joseph Nash drew the house for his multi-volume illustrated history Mansions of England in the Olden Time, published in the 1840s.[6] The house passed to a cousin, Prideaux John Selby, a distinguished naturalist, sportsman and scientist. On his death in 1867, he left Ightham Mote to a daughter, Mrs Lewis Marianne Bigge. Her second husband, Robert Luard, changed his name to Luard-Selby. Ightham Mote was rented-out in 1887 to American Railroad magnate William Jackson Palmer and his family. For three years Ightham Mote became a centre for the artists and writers of the Aesthetic Movement with visitors including John Singer Sargent, Henry James, and Ellen Terry. When Mrs Bigge died in 1889, the executors of her son Charles Selby-Bigge, a Shropshire land agent, put the house up for sale in July 1889.[6]

Late 19th century-21st century

The Mote was purchased by Thomas Colyer-Fergusson.[6] He and his wife brought up their six children at the Mote. In 1890-1891, he carried out much repair and restoration, which allowed the survival of the house after centuries of neglect.[7] Ightham Mote was opened to the public one afternoon a week in the early 20th century.[7]

Sir Thomas Colyer-Fergusson's third son, Riversdale, died aged 21 in 1917 in the Third Battle of Ypres, and won a posthumous Victoria Cross. A wooden cross in the New Chapel is in his memory. The oldest brother, Max, was killed at the age of 49 in a bombing raid on an army driving school near Tidworth in 1940 during World War II. One of the three daughters, Mary (called Polly) married Walter Monckton.

On Sir Thomas's death in 1951, the property and the baronetcy passed to Max's son, James. The high costs of upkeep and repair of the house led him to sell the house and auction most of the contents. The sale took place in October 1951 and lasted three days. It was suggested that the house be demolished to harvest the lead on the roofs, or that it be divided into flats. Three local men purchased the house: William Durling, John Goodwin and John Baldock. They paid £5,500 for the freehold, in the hope of being able to secure the future of the house.[8]

In 1953, Ightham Mote was purchased by Charles Henry Robinson, an American of Portland, Maine, United States. He had known the property when stationed nearby during the Second World War. He lived there for only fourteen weeks a year for tax reasons. He made many urgent repairs, and partly refurnished the house with 17th-century English pieces. In 1965, he announced that he would give Ightham Mote and its contents to the National Trust. He died in 1985 and his ashes were immured just outside the crypt. The National Trust took possession in that year.[8]

In 1989, the National Trust began an ambitious conservation project that involved dismantling much of the building and recording its construction methods before rebuilding it. During this process, the effects of centuries of ageing, weathering, and the destructive effect of the deathwatch beetle were highlighted. The project ended in 2004 after revealing numerous examples of structural and ornamental features which had been covered up by later additions.[1]

Zoom by carloncho81

Zoom effect

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, 1919 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, 1919

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1919

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE vii

FRONTISPIECE:

Thomas Henry Huxley.

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Heart sounds and their value.

By Lieutenant Commander H. A. Hare, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F. . 1

Eliminating the epileptic from the navy.

By Lieutenant L. E. Bisch, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 6

The use of serum in lobar pneumonia.

By Lieutenant E. W. Gould, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and Lieutenant

M. Shaweker, Med. Corps, U. S. N 16

Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia and empyema.

By Commander F. A. Asserson, Med. Corps., U. S. N., and Lieutenant W.

L. Rathbun, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 26

Development of specific serum therapy in pneumonia.

By Lieutenant W. R. Redden, Med. Corps, U. S. N 36

Flatfoot.

By Lieutenant Commander L. R. G. Crandon, Med. Corps, U. S.N. R. F 43

Treatment of flat feet.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) S. B. Burk, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 46

Ear protection.

By Commander G. B. Trible and Lieutenant S. S. Watkins, Med.

Corps, U. S. N 48

HISTORICAL.

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895).

By Lieutenant Commander F. J. B. Cordeiro, Med. Corps, U. S.N., Ret 61

EDITORIAL.

Accuracy. —Military titles and military behavior. —Shell shock. 71

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Typhoid prophylaxis cards.

By Lieutenant Commander R. B. Henry, Med. Corps, U. S. N 77

A SURGICAL DRESSING TRAY FOR SHIPS.

By Lieutenant M. J. Price. Med. Corps, U. S. N 78

A USEFUL FLYTRAP.

By Lieutenant H. V. Hughens, Med. Corps, U. S. N 80

Scale for measuring flatfoot.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) B. Dunham, Med. Corps, U. S. N R. F 82

CLINICAL NOTES:

A CASE OF STATUS LYMPHATICUS

By Lieutenant E. L. Rice, Med. Corps, U. S. N 85

Some practical and theoretical considerations.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Med. Corps, U. S. N. 87

Pain in right hypochondrium and pernicious anemia.

By Lieutenant Commander H. M. Stenhouse, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 89

Perforating wound of intestine and mesentery.

By Lieutenant G. G. Ross, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 93

Treatment of scarlet fever.

By Lieutenant Commander W. C. Newton, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 94

Illustrative cases of atypical acute abdominal conditions.

By Lieutenant Commander G. D. Hale and Lieutenant J. C. Adams, Med.

Corps, U. S. N 95

Varieties of hypersusceptibility.

By Lieutenant L. K. McCafferty, Med. Corps, U. S. N 98

Varix simulating inguinal hernia.

By Lieutenant E. J. Cummings, Med. Corps, U. S.N 103

Appendicitis and ruptured meso-appendix artery.

By Lieutenant F. H. Bowman, Med. Corps, U. S. N 104

Unusual wound contamination.

By Lieutenant E. A. Stephens, Med. Corps, U. S. N 105

Subluxation of vertebra by muscular action.

By Commander I. S. K. Reeves and Lieutenant M. K. Miller, Med. Corps,

U.S.N 107

Fracture of the skull.

By Lieutenant Commander R. I. Longabaugh, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 108

Report of case of stenosis of Wharton's duct.

By Lieutenant J. A. Halpin, Med. Corps, U. S. N 108

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Status lymphaticus. —Epidemic of intestinal infection.

—New pathology of syphilis 111

Mental and nervous diseases. —Temperament and psychosis. War neuroses.

—Traumatic and emotional psychosis. —War neuroses. —Instinct distortion 117

Surgery. —Fascial transplants. —Chloralose as a general anesthetic 131

Military, legal and industrial. —Treatment of mustard-gas poisoning.

—Conference on medico-military administration. —Illegitimacy in Norway.

—Prevention of blindness.- —Aniline poisoning. —Immigration

statistics. —Preservation of fruit.—Economic and financial assistance given

by the United States 133

REPORTS:

SURGICAL EXPERIENCES AT THE FRONT.

By Lieutenant G. G.Ross, Med. Corps, U. S.N. R. F 145

Details of transport service.

By Lieutenant Commander R. I. Longabaugh, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 149

Plan of a regimental field hospital.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Med. Corps, U. S. N 156

The preparation of blood stain at the U. S. Naval Medical School.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Med. Corps, and Chief Pharmacist's

Mate L. F. Shabek, U. S. N 157

Preparation of identification tags.

By Lieutenant Commander R. H. Laning, Med. Corps, U. S. N 157

A death following salvarsan.

By Lieutenant R. C. Christiansen, Med. Corps, U. S. N 158

Sanitary report on the Island of Corfu.

By Lieutenant Commander H. Shaw, Med. Corps, U. S. N 163

The march and the shoe.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Mann, Med. Corps, U. S. N 164

Tuberculin test in young adults.

By Lieutenant E. Moody, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and Lieutenant C.

F. Carter, Med. Corps, U. S. N 165

Bed screens in barracks.

By Commander P. S. Rossiter, Med. Corps, U. S. N 167

Influenza on a naval transport.

By Lieutenant W. F. McAnally, Med. Corps, U. S. N 168

The treatment of chancroids and the prevention of buboes.

By Lieutenant G. W. Millett, Med. Corps, U. S. N 170

Record of the navy recruiting station, Pittsburgh, Pa.

By Lieutenant C. C. Ammerman, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 171

Strength of the navy 172

BOOK NOTICES 173

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 175

Number 2

PREFACE v

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The pathology of pneumonia accompanying influenza.

By Lieutenants (J. G.) E. W. Goodpasture and F. L. Burnett, Medical

Corps, U. S. N. R. F 177

Mental examination of recruits.

By Lieutenant L. E. Bisch, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 198

Treatment of military offenders.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Jacoby, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F..

229

Extraction of metallic foreign bodies.

By E. Robin, Medecin I ere Classe 237

New methods in amputations and prosthesis of the lower limbs.

By Lieutenant Commander R. G. LeConte, Medical Corps, U.S.N. R.F.. 244

Education and sanitation aboard ship.

By Commander W. S. Pugh, Medical Corps, U. S. N 254

HISTORICAL:

Jean Dominique Larrey 267

Extract from a surgical memoire by Baron Larrey.

Translated by Captain G. A. Lung, Medical Corps, U. S. N 275

EDITORIAL:

The lesson of job's war horse 283

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Sanitary drinking fountain.

By Lieutenant Commander D. S. Hillis, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. .

287

Clinical charts in health records.

By lieutenant (J. G.) J. J. Cancelmo, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. .

287

System of clinical records.

By Captain W. B. Grove, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Lieutenant G. B.

Crow, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F... 288

A DRESSING FOR WOUNDS.

By Lieutenant Commander C. W. C. Bunker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 291

CLINICAL NOTES:

Abdominal wounds from hand grenade.

By Lieutenant J. M. Emmett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 293

Fracture of spine of tibia.

By Lieutenant Commander G. G. Ross, Medical Corps, U.S.N. R.F... 294

Fracture of pelvis.

By Lieutenant Commander G. G. Ross, Medical Corps, U. S. N . R. F . . .

295

Chronic rheumatism cured by appendectomy.

By Lieutenant R. H. Michels, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 296

A CASE OF MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

By Lieutenant E. R. Ryan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 297

Pericardiotomy.

By Lieutenant Commander L. R. G. Crandon, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F

299

A CASE OF KERATOSIS PLANTARIS.

By Lieutenant J. M. Perret, Medical Corps, U.S.N 300

Influenza with unusual complications.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) F. G. Folken, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F.. 301

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of malaria in Brioni

— Epidemic lethargic encephalitis— Encephalitis lethargica — Syphilitic

aortitis —The pathology of the streptococcal pneumonias of Army camps— The

venereal problem and the war—The cocaine habit.

Surgery. —Sterilization of wounds by electro-ions — Abscess of thyroid following

septico-pyemia from otitis —Acute perforations of the abdominal viscera— The

use of paraffin for drainage in surgery — Surgical technic in orthopedic

surgery 307-320

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Laboratory diagnosis—Detection

of spirochetes— Gonococcus infections 321

Eye, ear, nose and throat. —Tests for malingering in defective hearing

— Ocular anaphylaxis 334

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

The third resuscitation commission. — Lecture course at Great Lakes,

Ill.—A department of physical training —The Germans and the scientific workers

of Lille—Physical education — Transportation of sick and wounded — Traumatic

rupture of the spleen—Officer-material school at Princeton — Wanted, a

diagnosis 337

REPORTS:

Hospital administration.

By Captain G. A. Lung, Medical Corps, U. S. N 347

Removal of wounded from U. S. S. "Northern Pacific."

By Commander E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, U. S. N 349

On board a torpedoed transport.

By Lieutenant Commander E. E. Curtis, Medical Corps, U.S.N 351

Influenza at the U. S. Naval Hospital, Washington, D. C.

By Rear Admiral R. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U. S. N 355

Notes on post-influenzal pneumonia.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) A. M. Burgess, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and

Phar. Mate E. J. Staff, U. S. N. R. F 356

Diphtheria at the U. S. Naval Academy.

By Lieutenant J. E. Houghton, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Lieutenant

(J. G.) D. G. Richey, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 359

Influenza at Pensacola.

By Lieutenants J. M. Perret, and C. M. Shaar, Medical Corps, TJ. S. N .

. 365

Training school for nurses in Haiti.

By Chief Nurse L. D. Jordan, U. S. N 378

Observation of candidates for the listener's school.

By Lieutenant F. B. Galbraith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 380

BOOK NOTICES 391

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES.

Additions to pathological collections 393

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 394

Number 3

PREFACE VII

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Preventive medicine at training camps and stations.

By Captain C. E. Riggs, Medical Corps, U. S. N 395

With marines in France.

By Lieutenant F. E. Locy, Medical Corps, U. S. N 417

Bone grafts.

By Lieutenant Commander E. M. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 433

Internal derangements or knee joints.

By Lieutenant ( J. G.) C. F. Painter, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 442

Clinical manifestations of tropical sprue.

By Lieutenant Commander E. J. Wood, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F 449

Isolation and cultivation of Pfeiffer's bacillus.

By Lieutenant DeW. G. Rlchey, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 453

Nervous element in aviation.

By Lieutenant G. U. Pillmore, Medical Corps, U. S. N 458

Administration of the U. S. Hospital Ship Solace.

By Commander E. E. H. Old, Medical Corps, U. S. N 478

HISTORICAL :

Devices and uniforms of the Navy Medical Corps 505

EDITORIAL :

The reform of funerals —The apotheosis of dungarees 515

IN MEMORIAM :

Henry G. Beyer.

By Lieutenant (T.) P. J. Waldner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 521

Washington Berry Grove.

By Lieutenant Commander L. M. Schmidt, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 522

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

Improvised mess tables.

By Captain H. C. Curl, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1 525

Apparatus for submersion cases.

By Captain G. F. Freeman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 525

Recording dental operations.

By Lieutenant W. F. Murdy, Dental Corps, U. S. N 527

CLINICAL NOTES :

Rupture of the esophagus.

By Lieutenant Commander L. Sheldon, Medical Corps, U. S. N 529

Anthrax cured by vaccine.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) J. K. Leasure, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 581

Foreign body in antrum.

By Lieutenant J. B. Greene, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 534

Traumatic rupture of kidney.

By Lieutenant Commander P. H. Bowman. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant Commander H. D. Meeker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 536

Thrombosis of popliteal vein.

By Lieutenant C. A. Frink, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 538

Alopecia Universalis.

By Captain A. R. Alfred, Medical Corps, U. S. N 539

Operations for rupture of kidney and spleen.

By Lieutenant C. O. Tanner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 539

Traumatic aneurism : Five cases.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N. and

Lieutenant Commander H. D. Meeker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 541

A DEATH FROM SALVARSAN.

By Lieutenant E. F. Crofutt, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 543

Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum.

By Lieutenant W. F. Pearce, Medical Corps, U. S. N 546

Syphiloma of cererrum.

By Lieutenants A. W. Hoaglund and P. F. Prioleau, Medical Corps, U. S.

N 547

Extra-genital chancre.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer and Lieutenant J. R. Poppen,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 551

Chancre of the thumb.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) L. Herman, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 553

Typhoid fever with severe complications.

By Lieutenant F. N. Martin, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 554

Cholangitis following influenza.

By Lieutenant R. S. Reeves, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 557

Diphtheria complicating fractured mandible.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) J. B. Goodall, Dental Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 559

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Tests of physical efficiency — Malaria as a military

problem —Anthelmintics as tested on earthworms —New treatment of bichloride

poisoning —Corpeus luteum and vomiting of pregnancy 561

Surgery. —Post-operative parotitis —The empyema problem — Skin disinfection

by picric acid — Reconstructive surgery of the hand and forearm 573

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Bacteriology of

tuberculous kidneys — Hermann-Perutz reaction — Experiments with virus of

grippe 578

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.— Perineural anesthesia for surgery of maxillary

sinus —Intraocular pressure and tonometry 5S2

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Transmission of venereal disease may constitute assault — Interdepartmental

Social Hygiene Board— Sir Charles Wyndham —Harvard surgical unit— Retail

druggists and quack remedies — School of Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University —

Legal decision re vaccination —American merchant marine —Meningococci in blood

—Radium conservation —Andre Chantemesse 585

REPORTS :

The U. S. hospital ship "Comfort."

By Captain A. W. Dunbar, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 591

Voyage of the U. S. S. "Leviathan."

By Commander F. A. Asserson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 602

Ship life in Constantinople.

By Lieutenant Commander E. P. Huff, Medical Corps, U. S. N 605

A record ship.

By Lieutenant Commander A. E. Lee, Medical Corps, U. S. N 609

U. S. Naval Air Station, Pauillac, France.

By Lieutenant Commander H. A. Garrison, Medical Corps, U. S. N 611

U. S. Naval Air Station, Rockaway Beach, L. I.

By Lieutenant ( J. G. ) A. A. Shadday, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 616

Increase of weight under service conditions.

By Lieutenant H. Halstead and Lieutenant (J. G.) E. A. Mallon, Medical

Corps, U. S. N. R. F 620

Poisoning by trinitrotoluol.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) A. Saska, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 624

The marine shoe.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 625

X-RAY WORK AT A NAVAL HOSPITAL.

By Lieutenant C. H. Jennings, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 628

Dental work at the navy yard, New York.

By Lieutenant Commander R. Barber, Dental Corps, U. S. N 631

Dental work at the navy yard, Mare Island, Cal.

By Lieutenant Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, U. S. N 632

BOOK NOTICES 633

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 635

Number 4

PREFACE .. vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Report on the influenza epidemic.

By the Staff of the U. S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia 837

Infectious and contagious diseases. Virgin Islands, 1918.

By Lieutenant E. Peterson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 682

Naval ambulance trains in Great Britain.

By Captain P. L. Pleadwell, Medical Corps, U. S. N 706

Bone surgery.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Clifton, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 718

An epidemic of mumps.

By Lieutenant Commander R. B. H. Gradwohl, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F.

; Lieutenant C. F. Carter, Medical Corns, U. S. N. ; Lieutenant W. S. Barcus

and Lieutenant (J. G.) H. L. Fougerousse, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 723

Constitutional inferiority in the Navy.

By Lieutenant T. A. Ratliff, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 728

Acute early appendicitis.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Jenkins. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant L. A. Will, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 733

Extra-genital chancres.

By Lieutenant .T. M. Perret, Medical Corps. U. S. N. R. F 736

Incubation and choice of antigens in the Wassermann reaction.

By Lieutenant E. D. Hitchcock, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 740

HISTORICAL:

The practice of medicine in Europe during the Middle Ages 747

EDITORIAL : Intangible damage—The "Attitude of the Bureau"

775

IN MEMORIAM :

Abraham Jacobi (1830-1919) 781

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The construction of animal cages.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N 783

A ROTARY TOOTHBRUSH.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N_ 783

Equipment of battle dressing station storerooms.

By Commander W. S. Pugh, Medical Corps, U. S..N 786

CLINICAL NOTES :

Poisoning by bay rum containing wood alcohol.

By Lieutenant N. S. Betts, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 791

Arsenic poisoning following the use of novarsenobenzol.

By Lieutenant C. M. Burchflel, Medical Corps, U. S. N 795

Death following arsphenamine. Page.

By Lieutenant A. Goetsch, Medical Corps, U. S. N 797

High temperature in influenza.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) P. M. Williams, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 799

Voiding of a bullet from the bladder.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N . 799

Depressed fracture of frontal bone.

By Lieutenant A. W. Hoagland, Medical Corps. U. S. N 800

Colon ptosis.

By Lieutenant G. U. Plllmore, Medical Corps, U. S. N 801

Ideal tonsil operation.

By Lieutenant Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 06

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. — Bacillus botulinus poisoning 800

Surgery.—Pathological possibilities of neglected gallstone disease 811

Hygiene and sanitation. — Historical Inquiry into the efficacy of lime

juice for the prevention and cure of scurvy —The ship's water supply 813

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Vaccine treatment

of filarial lymphangitis in British Guiana —Blood destroying substance in

ascarls lumbrlcoldes 817

Chemistry and pharmacy. —New titration method for the determination of

uric acid in urine — Modifications of Benedict's and Folin's quantitative sugar

methods—Food ingestion and energy transformations with special reference to the

stimulating effect of nutrients —Nutritive factors In animal tissues 819

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Methylene blue in purulent discharge from

the eye socket—Prophylactic use of pitultrin in nose and throat operations

under general and local anesthesia —Colloidal manganese in gonorrheal

ophthalmia —Hemorrhage following the removal of the tonsils and its treatment

821

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

The devastation of France— Peking Medical School —Vaccination in California

— Internal decoration of hospitals —Interallied conference on medical aspects

of aviation —U. S. Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board—War Risk Insurance

Bureau —Boy Scouts — Legal control of motion pictures — Influenza statistics,

Great Lakes,

111— Sixth Division, Bureau of Navigation 823

REPORTS :

Naval railway battery in France.

By Lieutenant Commander C. S. Stephenson, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy 831

Submarine Division Five.

By Lieutenant Commander E. W. Brown, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 846

Preparation of antihuman amboceptor.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Chief

Pharmacist's Mate A. J. Mouton, U. S. N 853

Psychiatric work among recruits.

By Lieutenant F. L. McDaniel, Medical Corps, U. S. N 854

Bacteriological experiments with acriflavine.

By Lieutenant H. B. LaFavre. Medical Corps, U. S. N 858

Acriflavine In The Treatment Of Gonorrhea.

By Lieutenant C. M. Burchflel, Medical Corps. U. S. N 869

The army bedside x-ray unit.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 866

Hospital service in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander H. F. Lawrence, Medical Corps, U. S. N 869

Organization of the U. S. naval hospital, Charleston, S. C.

By Commander W. M. Garton and Lieutenant Commander G. W. Calver,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 876

BOOK NOTICES 897

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 901

INDEX 903

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

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Mass Effect Random by Nervod1138

Since playing Andromeda I've been feeling nostalgic and been going back and playing Original Trilogy

WiiU Event InfoFlier -- StreetPassNYC by Jordan White

STREETPASS NYC WITH DUAL PIXELS GIVES FANS INSIDE ACCESS ON WII U!

Join StreetPass NYC with Dual Pixels at the Nintendo World Store on September 13th from 9:30 AM to 4:00 PM for Inside Access on the Wii U!

StreetPass NYC is proud to announce they will be providing an unprecedented inside access scoop for New York Nintendo fans during the Wii U Unveiling on September 13th

“It’s a rare honor to announce with excitement that I have been invited to the Wii U Unveiling on September 13th”, said Jordan White, Founder and Event Organizer of StreetPass NYC this evening. “I would like to thank Nintendo of America and Dual Pixels for allowing me this amazing opportunity to provide the New York Nintendo Community a rare interactive all access look at the Wii U console coming out later this year. Our goal with this event is to make Nintendo fans in New York City and around the world feel like they were at the big press event in person themselves!”

Starting at 9:30 AM EST, StreetPass NYC invites all to the Nintendo World Store (10 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York 10020) where store staff will show the Wii U Unveiling broadcast LIVE at the store. StreetPass NYC and Dual Pixels will update their Facebook pages and Twitter accounts as details about the Wii U Launch Date, Price and Games are being announced LIVE in real time by Nintendo of America’s President and COO Reggie Fils-Aime.

After the presentation is over, New York Nintendo Fans in the store can ask questions to StreetPass NYC Staff (look for StreetPass Network T-Shirts) regarding announced Wii U system information and Wii U hands-on demos. These questions will be sent directly to Jordan White on the demo floor.

Nintendo fans outside of the New York Metro Area can Tweet their own questions at @StreetPassNYC or @DualPixels with the hash tag #WiiU, post questions on the Facebook event page comment section (www.facebook.com/events/380011445403439/ ) or E-Mail questions to StreetPassNYC@gmail.com.

The best questions will be asked during interviews with various Nintendo of America on-hands staff and demo managers and demo gameplay questions will be directly answered by Jordan White himself.

Those online can also visit the StreetPass NYC Twitch.tv Channel (www.twitch.tv/streetpassnyc ) where they can watch these questions being answered LIVE on air as well as see gameplay footage and the buzz on the press floor live. Nintendo Fans at the Nintendo World Store can also watch this footage live until 4:00 PM EST downstairs in the concourse directly underneath Nintendo World Store via StreetPass NYC staff with a lap top over Wi-Fi. This footage will be later be archived both on the Twitch.tv Channel and the StreetPass NYC YouTube page.

StreetPass NYC is a subset of the much larger, global-wide grassroots StreetPass Network of meetings popping up all over the globe from America to Japan and South Africa. For more information, please visit streetpassnyc.blogspot.com or www.streetpassnetwork.com

Dual Pixels a premiere source of content pertaining to the digital culture of explores gaming, tech, and urban otaku culture featuring its own original productions. For more information, please visit www.dualpixels.com

# # #

Nintendo, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo DS and StreetPass are copyright and/or registered trademarks of Nintendo of America Inc. StreetPass NYC is NOT affiliated with or representative of Nintendo of America Inc.

The Butterfly Effect by anna dance

33 24

Paramour Orig by Chris Myles

... and effect by Siebbi

2 3

Girdling is the complete removal of the bark from around the entire circumference of a tree. It results in the slow death over time (sometimes one to three years).

Ringelung ist die vollständige Entfernung eines Streifens der Rinde eines Baumes. In der Folge stirbt der Baum langsam ab (manchmal über ein bis drei Jahre).

Burning by Senne Van Den Bogaert

Burning effect created with two fingers slightly in front of the lens.

DSC01008.JPG_effected by Merixstudio

Iran Esfahan _DSC6732 by youngrobv

9 1

The 'peacock tail' effect inside the cupola of Mashed-e Sheikh Lotfollah mosque, with the tiny peacock itself just visible at the apex of the cupola. The effect is best visible when you stand by the walls. As you move to the centre it disappears.

* 14 Dec '07 - 150 views

Glory by Sergiy Nazarenko

An optical effect formed by water droplets in the air, as seen from an airplane. Exactly how they form is not yet fully understood.

324555_339544926136206_1271166338_o by Chris Myles

avatar - effect by Photo505 - Online Photo Effects

21 12

Your face in Avatar Movie shot on photo505.com

Try these #2star sneakers and you’ll look and feel fabulous in them! www.2star.it @brooklynpr_la #low #high #sneaker #sneakers #blue #gray #brown #gold #colours #brushed #used #effect #shoe #shoes #spring #summer #collection #man #boy #style #fashion # by Pasquale Morgese

The Cummings effect. by John D Durrant

2days ago there were no vehicles parked here.

Lake Effect Snow by Daily Diesel Dose

Large lake effect snow flakes fall while the addition to the historic Amos Building takes place. www.dailydieseldose.com for more!

DSC01151.JPG_effected by Merixstudio

Water effect 2 by Pierre Le Provost

3 1

The Greenhouse Effect by anauhu

1 2

Illuminated facade of a local furniture shop.

Shuttertime 20s ISO100 f11 EOS 5D/ 17-40 4L@ 28mm

View from the Rotunda - Rooftop by David Rutter

7 7

Taken from the 20th floor of the Rotunda in Birmingham. View looking down to a rooftop with air conditioning units etc. Photoshop faked Tilt and Shift effect.

Love how these look like a circuit board / transistors etc.

Taken on a Canon 1000d and a Canon 70-200mm f4 L @ 70mm f8. 1/160. ISO200.

Portfolio - www.burntpixel.co.uk/

Night Zoom Burst by Huon'sphotos1

I took these photos at around 8:30pm, using the zoom burst effect.

Fire#text#effect# by sunny singh

butterfly effect by allison bills

4 4

my mom said i needed to take pictures of things that other people would like to hang in their house or in their resturaunt if i wanted to make it big. no one really wants a giant print of some melodramatic teenage girl hanging over their fireplace...

"Butterfly Effect".. by Ferenc Tarhos