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Manufacturer: General Motors Company, Cadillac Division, Warren, Michigan - USA
Type: DeVille Series 68300 / 68367 2-door Convertible
Production time: September 1967 - September 1968
Production outlet: 18,025
Production time: January 1965 - September 1970
Production outlet: 106,242
Engine: 7729cc GM Cadillac V-8 472 OHV I-Head
Power: 380 bhp / 4.400 rpm
Torque: 712 Nm / 3.000 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 207 km/h
Curb weight: 2160 kg
Wheelbase: 129.5 inch
Chassis: GM C-platform perimeter X- frame with box beams and all-steel body (by Fisher)
Steering: Saginaw integral hydraulic powered variable ratio recirculating ball (PAS)
Gearbox: GM Turbo Hydramatic THM-400 three-speed automatic transmission / steering column shift
Clutch: not applicable
Carburettor: Rochester Quadrajet 4-barrel
Fuel tank: 98.5 liter
Electric system: Delco-Remy 12 Volts 73 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: 12 inch power duo-servo self-adjusting drums (Moraine or Bendix)
Brakes rear: 12 inch power duo-servo self-adjusting drums (Moraine or Bendix)
Suspension front: independent ball-joint front A-arms, upper stabilizer triangle wishbones, lower longitudinal thrust struts, helical coils + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: 4 link lower longitudinal thrust arms, upper stabilizer triangle, rubber-mounted strut rods, rubber bushings, sway bar, helical coils + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live semi-floating type
Differential: hypoid 2.94:1
Wheels: 6JK x 15 Kelsey Hayes slotted discs
Tires: 9 x 15 tubeless
Options: automatic level control, power windows, factory Air Conditioning, Automatic Climate Controls, speed control device, tilt telescope steering wheel, factory Cadillac Wonderbar AM/FM Stereo pushbutton radio, non-glare rear-view mirror, electric clock, power vent windows, headrests, reclining seats, front seats with carbon cloth heating pads built into the cushions and seatbacks, rear cigarette lighters, two-tone colouring
Special:
- "DeVilles", derived from “De Ville” (French for “town”), has always been GM's top-selling luxury series and featured class-leading automotive technology.
- This third generation (1965-1970) was re-designed by Bill Mitchell and Stanley Parker (Cadillac Studio: tailfins canted slightly downward, and sharp distinct body lines replaced the rounded look) and assembled at the Detroit Assembly, Detroit, Michigan - USA.
- The 1968 Cadillac DeVille Series 68300 was available as this 2-door Convertible, as 2-door 68347 Coupé DeVille (63,935 units built), as 4-door 68349 Sedan DeVille (72,662 units built) and as 4-door 68369 Hardtop Sedan DeVille (9,850 units built).
Replacing an earlier scanned slide with a better version 14-Apr-15.
BKS = Barnby, Keegan and Stevens, the airline's founders.
G-ALZR in it's final livery, just 16 months before it was written off at London-Gatwick (LGW)
G-ALZR was delivered new to BEA British European Airways in Feb-52. Just over five years later, in Aug-57, it was sold to Rolls Royce and was re-registered G-37-4 in Feb-59. It was used as a test-bed for the Rolls Royce Tyne engine.
It was sold to BKS Air Transport in May-63 and was converted to a freighter in Nov-64 for the BKS Bloodstock Division specialising in the carriage of horses.
It was damaged beyond repair while landing at London-Gatwick Airport in Jul-69 when the nosewheel collapsed. It was sold to Dan-Air London in Nov-69 for spares and transported to Dan-Air's Engineering base at Lasham, Hants, UK, where it was broken up in 1972.
Manufacturer: General Motors Company, Cadillac Division, Warren, Michigan - USA
Type: Series 63 / 6337 Hardtop Coupe DeVille 4 Window
Engine: 6384cc GM Cadillac V-8 390
Power: 325 bhp / 4.800 rpm
Speed: 196 km/h
Production time: 1961 - 1963
Production outlet: 77,580
Curb weight: 2313 kg
Special:
- Cadillac was the first to use the tailfin on their vehicles (first appeared in 1948), designed by Harley Earl. By 1959, it had grown to very flamboyant proportions.
- The tailfin designs had been inspired by the space program and futuristic spaceflight.
- This third generation Series 63 or 6300 (1960-1963) was designed by Bill Mitchell and has a less prominent “wing party”, but sharper and thinner and very graceful.
- "DeVilles", derived from “De Ville” (French for “town”), has always been GM's top-selling luxury series and featured class-leading automotive technology.
- It has a four-speed GM Hydra-Matic automatic (Jetaway, Flashaway) gearbox, a Carter AFB downdraft 4-barrel carburettor or a Rochester 701930 downdraft 4-barrel carburettor, a 2 fluid (hydraulic) clutch, a Delco Remy 12-Volts electric system, distributor and coil ignition system, a 80 liter fuel tank and rear wheel drive.
- The X-frame GM C-platform chassis with all-steel body (by Fisher) has a 129.5 inch wheelbase, non-wraparound windshield, three speed wipers with push button windshield washer, a vanity mirror, Saginaw integral powered recirculating ball steering, steering wheel selector lever, single with crossover exhaust system, a cloth-and-leather interior, power seats, radio with power antenna, padded dash, power windows, guide-matic power headlight control, fog lights, independent ball-joint front A-arms (trapezoidal wishbones) with coil spring front suspension and rubber-mounted strut rods, rubber bushings and sway bar, 4 link lower longitudinal thrust arms and upper stabilizer triangle and coil spring rear suspension, a semi-floating type live rear axle, hypoid differential, hydraulic telescopic shock absorber all around, 6.0x15 disc wheels with stainless Cyclone XP74 turbine styled wheelcovers, tire size 8x15 and hydraulic vacuum-boosted 11 inch drum brakes (Moraine or Bendix) all around.
- A 6384cc V-8 (390 CID)engine with 330 bhp / 4.800 rpm, seat belts, trumpet horn, tissue dispenser,rubber mats, air conditioning, cruise control, Autronic Eye, door guards, electric door locks, E-Z-Eye glass, automatic heating system, license plate frame, six-way power seat, power vent windows, a vacuum actuated remote control trunk lock, remote control radio, five white sideqall tire size 8.20x15 four-ply, permanent anti-freeze -20° ($8); -40° ($9) and two-tone colouring were optional.
- The Series 63 was available as this 2-door Coupe DeVille, as 4-door Sedan DeVille 4 Window (51,656 units built), as 4-door Sedan DeVille 6 Window (68,939 units built), as 4-door Town Sedan (1961: 3,756 units built), as 2-door Eldorado Biarritz (1962-1963: 3,275 units built) and as 4-door Park Avenue Sedan (1962-1963: 4,175 units built).
Manufacturer: Chevrolet Division of General Motors LLC, Detroit - U.S.A.
Type: Fleetmaster Series EK 2103 4-door Sport Sedan
Production time: January 1947 - December 1947
Production outlet: 91,440
Engine: 3548cc straight-6 GM Chevrolet 216 “Blue Flame” valve-in-head
Power: 91 bhp / 3.300 rpm
Torque: 236 Nm / 1.200 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 121 km/h
Curb weight: 1448 kg
Wheelbase: 116 inch
Chassis: GM A platform chassis with steel body (by Fisher)
Steering: worm & roller
Gearbox: three-speed manual / II and III synchronized / vacuum assisted column steering shift
Clutch: 9.125 inch single dry plate “driven” disc
Carburettor: Carter W1-420S single downdraft
Fuel tank: 61 liter
Electric system: Delco 6-Volts
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: 11 inch hydraulic drums
Brakes rear: 11 inch hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent wishbones, sway bar, coil springs + hydraulic shock absorber
Suspension rear: beam axle, longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs + hydraulic shock absorber
Rear axle: live semi-floating type
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 4.00E x 16
Tires: 6.00-16-4PLY
Options: two grades of radios, heater, defroster, fog lamps, spotlight, wheel trim rings, whitewall tires, a cowl-mounted windshield washer, two-tone couring
Special:
- The Fleetmaster was in fact a "prewar" Chevrolet Special Deluxe.
- The 1947 Fleetmaster Series EK was Chevrolet's top trim level at the time and came in a variety of body styles including this 4-door Sport Sedan, as 2-door 2124 Sport Coupé (59,661 units built), as 2-door 2134 Convertible (28,443 units built), as 2-door 2102 Town Sedan (80,128 units built) and as 4-door 2109 Station Wagon (4,912 units built).
- This first generation Fleetmasters (1946-1948) was assembled in Oakland (California), in Tarrytown (New York), in Flint (Michigan), in Norwood (Ohio), in St. Louis (Missouri), in Arlington (Texas), in Oshawa (Ontario - Canada) and at General Motors-Holden's Ltd, Port Melbourne, Victoria - Australia.
Manufacturer: Ford UK division, Dagenham, Essex - U.K. / Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan - U.S.A.
Type: Consul MK I
Engine: 1508cc straight-4
Power: 48 bhp / 4.400 rpm
Speed: 117 km/h
Production time: 1950 - 1956
Production outlet: 231,481
Curb weight: 1090 kg
Special:
- This car is slightly customized ☺☺!
- The "British" Consul was introduced at the 1950 London Motor Show.
- It was designed ("slab-sided styling") by George Walker of the parent United States Ford company and the 4-dr Saloon was built at the Ford plant in Dagenham (Ford code of EOTA).
- The Convertible (1953-1956) were built by Carbodies Limited in Coventry.
- Some estate cars were made by the coachbuilder Abbott of Farnham in Farnham.
- Technically, the MK1 didn't exist - it didn't become known as the Mk 1 until the MK 2 arrived in February 1956.
- The engine was up-to-date (overhead valves and hydraulic clutch) and fully hydraulic drum brakes, but the (steering gear lever) three-speed manual gearbox (only one and three synchronized) was a little out-of-date.
- The modern unibody had rear wheel drive and was the first British mass produced car to use the now-common MacPherson strut independent front suspension.
- The car from the front was supported at both sides by a flexible helical spring.
- These enclose the telescopes (keeps the car in a straight line) and also serve as hydraulic dampers.
- The bottom of the telescope is held in place by a ball and socket joint and captures the grandest forces during braking and cornering.
- The ball joint resting in a triangle which is connected to a tubular cross-beam arm and with another arm to a rubber mounted anti-roll bar.
- The rear suspension had a live rear axle and semi-elliptic leaf springs.
- The handbrake was an umbrella-style pull lever under the dashboard.
- The windscreen wipers used the antiquated but improved vacuum system (a vacuum pump linked to the camshaft-driven fuel pump).
- An optional radio could be placed in the full-width parcel shelf.
Added to the gallery www.flickr.com/photos/danvartanian/galleries/721576445993...
Manufacturer: Chevrolet Division of General Motors LLC, Detroit - U.S.A.
Type: Camaro V8 Series 12400 Model 12467 (L30) Convertible
Production time: September 1966 - September 1967
Production outlet: 25,141
Engine: 5354cc GM Chevrolet Small-Block Turbo-Fire V-8 327 OHV
Power: 213 bhp / 4.800 rpm
Torque: 481 Nm / 3.200 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 184 km/h
Curb weight: 1500 kg
Wheelbase: 108 inch
Chassis: GM F-platform box frame with cross bracings and all welded steel unibody (by Fisher)
Steering: Saginaw recirculating ball race
Gearbox: Saginaw M15 three-speed manual / all synchromesh / steering column shift
Clutch: 10.4 inch single dry plate disc diaphragm spring type
Carburettor: Rochester 7037212 Quadrajet 4-barrel
Fuel tank: 70 liter
Electric system: Delco 12 Volts 61 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: 9.50 inch Bendix Delco-Moraine hydraulic, self-adjusting drums
Brakes rear: 9.50 inch Bendix Delco-Moraine hydraulic, self-adjusting drums
Suspension front: independent ball joint, unequal length wishbones with helix Jer, trapezoidal triangle cross-bar, sway bar, coil springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: beam axle Hotchkiss type, semi-elliptic leaf springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live semi-floating type
Differential: hypoid : 2.73:1
Wheels: 5J x 14 inch steel discs
Tires: 7.35 x 14
Options: Saginaw-Muncie M20/M21 four-speed manual gearbox, GM Power-Glide two-speed automatic transmission, power brakes, Delco-Moraine or Kelsey-Hayes front 11 inch hydraulic disc brakes, Saginaw power steering, adjustable steering wheel, power windows, bumper guards, rear window defroster, Four-saison Air Conditioning, Comfort-Car Air Conditioning, dual exhaust sytem, Soft-Ray tinted glass, rear deck lid luggage carrier, AM/FM Stereo radio, Stereo tape system, vinyl roof cover, whitewall tires
Special:
- Chevrolet was co-founded by Louis Chevrolet and William C. Durant. Louis Chevrolet was a race-car driver, born on December 25, 1878, in La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland. William Durant, founder of General Motors, had been forced out of GM in 1910 and wanted to use Louis Chevrolet's designs to rebuild his own reputation as a force in the automobile industry. As head of Buick Motor Company, prior to founding GM, Durant had hired Chevrolet to drive Buicks in promotional races.
- By 1916 Chevrolet was profitable enough to allow Durant to buy a majority of shares in GM. After the deal was completed in 1917, Durant was president of General Motors and Chevrolet was merged into GM, becoming a separate division.
- The name “Camaro” was conceived by Chevrolet merchandising manager Bob Lund and General Motors vice president Ed Rollett, while they were reading the book Heath's French and English Dictionary by James Boïelle and by de V. Payen-Payne printed in 1936. It states that Mr. Lund and Mr. Rollett found the word “camaro” in the French-English dictionary was slang, to mean friend, pal, or comrade.
- In fact, the actual French word that has that meaning is "camarade", from which the English word "comrade" is derived and not "camaro"; "camaro" is not a recognized word in the French language.
- The Camaro (code-named Panther) was first shown at a press preview in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1966.
- This first generation Camaro’s (1966-1969) went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang.
- It shared its platform and major components with the Pontiac Firebird, also introduced for 1967.
- The 1967 Chevrolet Camaro V8 Series 12400 (L30) was available as this 2-door Convertible and as 2-door 12437 Sport Coupé (160,648 units built).
Columbus Division of Police
Franklin County, Ohio
Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT): Hostage Negotiations
Manufacturer: Standard Motor Company, division of British Motor Corporation, Coventry - UK
Type: TR6 PI
Production time: January 1969 - July 1976
Production outlet: 8,370
Production outlet: 94,619 (all TR's
Engine: 2498cc straight-6 OHV
Power: 150 bhp / 5.500 rpm
Torque: 222 Nm / 3.500 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 192 km/h
Curb weight: 1083 kg
Wheelbase: 88 inch
Chassis: steel box frame with cross bracing with bolted steel unibody
Steering: rack & pinion
Gearbox: four-speed manual / all synchronized / floor shifter
Clutch: hydraulic spring spacer
Fuel sytem: Lucas mechanical fuel injection system
Fuel tank: 51 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts 57 Ah
Ignition system: electronic
Brakes front: hydraulic Girling discs with servo
Brakes rear: hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent trapezoidal wishbones with coil springs and sway bar + telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: independent semi-triangular trailing arms with coil springs + piston dampers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 5½J x 15
Tires: 185 SR 15
Options: electrically switched Laycockde-Normanville overdrive (operated on II, III and IV gear on early models and III and IV gear on later models), rear anti-roll bar, limited-slip differential, factory steel hardtop
Special:
- TR stands for Triumph Roadster and PI for Petrol Injection.
- Wilhelm Karmann GmbH, Osnabrück (Germany) was commissioned to develop a "new" sports car with as many TR5 parts as possible. So only the front and the rear side were different. Mechanically everything remained the same and even the “ancient” chassis of the Standard Flying Nine from 1936, managed to survive this rejuvenation.
- The engine was already used in the ’67 TR5 and Triumph claimed in their sales brochure that it was the "First British production sports car with petrol injection".
- For the US market the engine (104 bhp / 4.500 rpm) was carburetted with twin Stromberg 175 CDSE carburettors because of U.S. emission standards.
- 86,249 units (total production almost 95,000 units) were sold at the American market and only 8,370 units were equipped with the powerful PI engine.
Manufacturer: Pontiac Division of General Motors, Detroit, Michigan - USA
Type: Catalina Series 21 4-door Sedan
Engine: 6372cc V-8 90° valve-in-head (by GM)
Power: 245 bhp / 4.200 rpm
Speed: 175 km/h
Production time: 1959
Production outlet: 72,377
Curb weight: 1940 kg
Special:
- The Catalina Series 21 (first year for wide-trac Pontiac) with the iconic Pontiac “Split Grille Design” was put into the market as "economy car" (low compressive/powered engine and only a dual barrel carburettor), was America’s first car with acrylic lacquer and became the “1959 Car Of The Year” trophy (by Motor Trend Magazine) in the US.
- The ’59 “Split Grille Design” includes three series: the value-priced Catalina, the mid-level Star Chief and the top-drawer Bonneville.
- It has a three-speed Hydra-Matic gearbox, a Rochester dual barrel downdraft carburettor, a 12-Volts electric system, heater/defroster, distributor and coil ignition system, a 82 liter fuel tank, a 11 inch single plate dry disc clutch and rear wheel drive.
- The chassis wit hall-steel body (by Fisher) has a 122 inch wheelbase, tail fins issued as wings on the sides, six-window styling (4-door vehicles), horizontal quad headlights, horizontal sweep speedometer, recirculating ball bearing steering, independent ball joint with coil spring front suspension with hydraulic shock absorbers, pivoted control arms, coil spring suspension with shock absorbers at the rear, a semi-floating type rear axle, single with crossover exhaust system, cigar lighter, glovebox, trunk lights and hydraulic 11 inch drum brakes all round.
- The Series 21 was available as this 4-door Sedan, as 4-door Vista Sedan (45,012 units built), as 4-door Safari - 2 seater (6 passengers, 21,162 units built), as 4-door Safari - 3 seater (9 passengers, 14,084 units built), as 2-door Sport Sedan (26,102 units built), as 2-door Sport Coupé (38,309 units built) and as 2-door Convertible Coupé (14,515 units built).
- A column shift three-speed manual gearbox (all synchromesh), a four-speed Super Hydra-Matic automatic transmission, a padded safety dashboard, power brakes, power steering, power windows, dual ashtrays, snack bar glove compartment door, chrome pedels trim, deluxe steering wheel, air conditioning, bucket seats, a pushbutton radio, tri-tone leather interior, chrome pedal trim plates, a "Sportable Transistor" radio, two-tone colouring, (after market) seat belts and air-suspension were optional.
Just finished installing Fringe Division. The exhibition is part of the HeadOn festival. 😄 if you are in Sydney tomorrow night you are very welcome to join us for the opening from 6pm www.headon.com.au/exhibitions/fringe-division #headon15
Lidi di Comacchio (Fe): a sinistra l’inizio della spiaggia libera di Lido degli Estensi, a destra Porto Garibaldi con l’ingresso del Porto Canale e, più in lontananza, la spiaggia
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Comacchio Lidi (beaches) in Emilia Romagna region (Italy): on the left side the beach of “Lido degli Estensi”, on the right side there is the Comacchio hamlet named Porto Garibaldi with the entrance of its canal and, in the background, its beach
Manufacturer: Chevrolet Division of General Motors LLC, Detroit - U.S.A.
Type: Master DeLuxe Series JA 4-dr Sport Sedan
Engine: 3548cc straight-6
Power: 85 bhp / 3.200 rpm
Speed: 125 km/h
Production time: 1939
Production outlet: 1105,21 (Master DeLuxe 4-dr Sport Sedan)
Production outlet: 386,656 (all Master DeLuxe models)
Curb weight: 1316 kg
Special:
- This "Royal Clipper Styling" was designed by the famous Harley Earl.
- The '39 model Master DeLuxe was now the JA, while the base model was renamed Master 85 (JB).
- The JA Series featured standard equipment that was optional on the JB Series, like bumper guards and twin taillights.
- The Master DeLuxe was sold as well as 5 and as 8 seater.
- It has coil spring front suspension with coil springs, wishbones and Dubonnet-type Knee-action shock absorbers and an anti-sway bar, a semi-floating rear axle with sealed drive shaft, a three-speed manual gearbox (with vacuum assistance) column shift, a Carter W1-420S carburettor, a 6-Volts electric system (with generator, regulator and alternator), two-speed electric wipers, four-wheel hydraulic drum brakes all around, a 68 liter fuel tank and rear wheel drive.
- The vacuum-assisted, column-mounted gearshift substantially reduced gear changing effort, though some drivers complained that it was impossible to "speed-shift" the transmission. Optional at $10 extra, this device was installed on most of the 1939 cars.
- A town-and-country dual horn system was optional, just like the "Traffic Light Finder", a 30-hour dashboard clock and a deluxe steering wheel with horn ring.
This one was sort of unexpected. We had just received over a foot of snow and so my husband and I took a little hike on a local trail. Once I saw the river, I knew I had to come back. It felt almost as if time had frozen in place.
I was so nervous at first being that I was going to be sitting on a slab of ice with no support. After a weight test (aka sending Dana down) I was good to go. :)
Happy Friday all!!
Pan Am Railways Train OT-1 switches the Pleasant River Lumber spur at Enfield, ME on 5/20/2022.
PRL recently reopened this mill after it sat dormant for close to 20 years. With the amount of work being done, the mill is essentially new from the ground up. This included a new 5 car spur to the east of Hammet Road which was built by NBM Rail Services a few years ago. There are several future expansions planned for the mill, with the intention of ramping up weekly production that will surpass the combined totals for Dover and Jackman (two mills also owned by PRL).
Aside from Permatreat at Mattawamkeag, this is the only online customer east of Old Town, which Pan Am switched on a weekly basis. Since the takeover, trains east of Old Town have become even more sporadic, with CSX only switching PRL a few times in the past few months.
OT-1 on this particular day was on its 4th recrew, and only traveled from Mattawamkeag to Enfield before switching and tying down for the weekend.
Pan Am Railways
Train: OT-1
5/20/2022
Enfield, ME
PAR District 1 Freight Main Line
Excerpt from artgalleryofburlington.com:
Division of Labour is an exhibition bringing together artists who address issues of class, race, and labour as they relate to cultural waste. Including the works of nine artists who utilize recycled material in their work to illustrate the power and potential of reused matter for artistic production, the exhibition and ancillary programming are designed to educate about the scarcity of resources, labour rights, and the lack of living wages in the arts.
Featuring ro Barragan (Buenos Aires), Patrick Cruz (Toronto), Atom Cianfarani (Montreal), Nicolas Fleming (Toronto), Marlene Jess (Vancouver), Lisa Meecham (Burlington), Joaquin Wall (Buenos Aires), Allyson Vieira (New York), and Shellie Zhang (Toronto).
We are living in a time of increasing economic uncertainty, wage gaps, and class divides. Barter economy systems, critical discourse about consumption, and circuits of solidarity exchange are more present than ever in the daily working lives of artists and cultural producers. Division of Labour uses this moment to consider the true cost of artists’ labour and economic parity through their recovery of and access to excess material. The exhibition is not simply a display of objects constructed from trash, but works to support the building of new networks, resources, and methods for the sustainability of artists’ work. It goes beyond accessing free material to open dialogue about the systemic issues inherent in class dynamics, underemployment, and labour exploitation that plague the cultural industry.
From Wikipedi:
La Petite France (also known as the Quartier des Tanneurs; German: Gerberviertel; "Tanner's Quarter") is a historic quarter of the city of Strasbourg in eastern France. It is located at the western end of the Grande Île, which contains the historical centre of the city. At Petite France, the River Ill splits up into a number of channels that cascade through an area that was, in the Middle Ages, home to the city's tanners, millers and fishermen, and is now one of Strasbourg's main tourist attractions. Petite France forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Grande Île, designated in 1988.
Just upstream of Petite France, the River Ill flows through the Barrage Vauban, a defensive structure built at the end of the 17th century. Downstream of this, the river splits into the Canal du Faux-Rempart, which flows to the north of the Grande Île, and four channels which flow through the Petite France quarter before reuniting in the main channel of the river, flowing to the south of the Grande Île. These four channels are spanned by the Ponts Couverts, an earlier defensive structure of three bridges and four towers that, despite its name, has not been covered since the 18th century.
Downstream of the Ponts Couverts, the four channels flow through an area of largely half-timbered buildings which, together with the narrow lanes and footbridges that connect them, mostly date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The sloping roofs of many of the buildings include open lofts where hides were once dried. Three of the four channels flowing through the quarter run over weirs that once drove mills and other industries, whilst the northernmost channel is navigable. This passes through a lock and the Pont du Faisan swing bridge in the centre of the quarter, and is largely used by passenger trip boats.
On the north bank of the Ill at the heart of the quarter is the Maison des Tanneurs, home of the Tanner's Guild, and Place Benjamin-Zix. From this square lead several streets, including the Rue du Bain-aux-Plantes and the Rue des Dentelles, also lined by half-timbered houses. To the east these lead to the Saint-Thomas church, the city’s main Lutheran church, and to the west back to the Pont Couverts and to the Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux church, actually two churches (one Protestant and one Catholic) in the same building.