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I correctly forecast single costliest natural disaster ever world wide in great detail.
On the evening of June 15, 1896, the northeast coast of Hondo, the main island of Japan, was struck by a great earthquake wave (tsunami), which was more destructive of life and property than any earthquake convulsion of this century in that empire. The whole coastline of the San-Riku, the three provinces of Rikuzen, Rikuchu, and Rikuoku, from the island of Kinkwazan, 38° 20' north, northward for 175 miles, was laid waste by a great wave moving from the east and south, that varied in recorded height from 10 to 50 feet. A few survivors, who saw it advancing in the darkness, report its height as 80 to 100 feet. With a difference of but thirty minutes in time between the southern and northern points, it struck the San-Riku coast and in a trice obliterated towns and villages, killed 26,975 people out of the original population, and grievously wounded the 5,390 survivors. It washed away and wrecked 9,313 houses, stranded some 300 larger craft—steamers, schooners, and junks—and crushed or carried away 10,000 fishing boats, destroying property to the value of six million yen. Thousands of acres of arable land were turned to wastes, projecting rocks offshore were broken, overturned, or moved hundreds of yards, shallows and bars were formed, and in some localities the entire shoreline was changed.
They were all seafaring communities along this coast strip and the fisheries were the chief industry. The shipment of sea products to the great ports was the main connection with the outer world. A high mountain range bars communication with the trunk railway line of the island, and this picturesque, fiord-cut coast is so remote and so isolated that only two foreigners had been seen in the region in ten years, with the exception of the French mission priest, Father Raspail, who lost his life in the flood. With telegraph offices, instruments, and operators carried away, word came slowly to Tokyo, and with 50 to 100 miles of mountain roads between the nearest railway station and the seacoast aid was long in reaching the wretched survivors. When adequate idea of the calamity reached the capital and the cities, men-of-war, soldiers, sappers, surgeons, and nurses were quickly dispatched, and public sympathy found expression in contributions through the different newspapers, amounting to more than 250,000 yen, for the relief of the injured. The Japanese journalist and photographer were quickly on their way, and the vernacular press soon fed the public full of horrors, yet the first to reach the scene of the disaster was an American missionary, the Rev. Rothesay Miller, who made the usual three days' trip over the mountains in less than a day and a half on his American bicycle.
There were old traditions of such earthquake waves on this coast, one of two centuries ago doing some damage, and a tsunami of forty years ago and a lesser one of 1892 flooding the streets of Kamaishi and driving people to upper floors and the roofs of their houses. The barometer gave no warning, no indication of any unusual conditions on June 15, and the occurrence of thirteen light earthquake shocks during the day excited no comment. Rain had fallen in the morning and afternoon, and with a temperature of 80° to 90° the damp atmosphere was very oppressive. The villagers on that remote coast adhered to the old calendar in observing their local fêtes and holidays, and on that fifth day of the fifth moon had been celebrating the Girls' Festival. Rain had driven them indoors with the darkness, and nearly all were in their houses at eight o'clock, when, with a rumbling as of heavy cannonading out at sea, a roar, and the crash and crackling of timbers, they were suddenly engulfed in the swirling waters. Only a few survivors on all that length of coast saw the advancing wave, one of them telling that the water first receded some 600 yards from ghastly white sands and then the Wave stood like a black wall 80 feet in height, with phosphorescent lights gleaming along its crest. Others, hearing a distant roar, saw a dark shadow seaward and ran to high ground, crying "Tsunami! tsunami!" Some who ran to the upper stories of their houses for safety were drowned, crushed, or imprisoned there, only a few breaking through the roofs or escaping after the water subsided.
Shallow water and outlying islands broke the force of the wave in some places, and in long, narrow inlets or fiords the giant roller was broken into two, three, and even six waves, that crashed upon the shore in succession. Ships and junks were carried one and two miles inland, left on hilltops, treetops, and in the midst of fields uninjured or mixed up with the ruins of houses, the rest engulfed or swept seaward. Where the wave entered a fiord or bay it bore everything along to the head of the ravine or valley and left the mass of debris in a heap at the end. Where the coast was low and faced the open ocean the wave washed in and, retreating, carried everything back with it. Many survivors, swept away by the waters, were cast ashore on outlying islands, or seized bits of wreckage and kept afloat. On the open coast the wave came and withdrew within five minutes, while in long inlets the waters boiled and surged for nearly a half hour before subsiding. The best swimmers were helpless in the first swirl of water, and nearly all the bodies recovered were frightfully battered and mutilated, rolled over and driven against rocks, struck by and crushed between timbers. The force of the wave cut down groves of large pine trees to short stumps, snapped thick granite posts of temple gates and carried the stone cross-beams 309 yards away. Many people were lost through running back to save others or to save their valuables.
One loyal schoolmaster carried the emperor's portrait to a place of safety before seeking out his own family. A half-demented soldier, retired since the late war and continually brooding on a possible attack by the enemy, became convinced that the first cannonading sound was from a hostile fleet, and, seizing his sword, ran down to the beach to meet the foe. One village officer, mistaking the sound of crashing timbers for crackling flames, ran to high ground to see where the fire was, and thus saved his life. Another village officer, living on the edge of a hill, heard the crash and slid his screens open to look upon foaming waters nearly level with his veranda. In a moment the waters disappeared, leaving a black, empty level where the populous village had been a few minutes before. Four women clung to one man, seeking to escape to high ground, and their combined weight resisting the force of the receding wave they were all saved. The only survivors of another village were eight men who had been playing the game of "go" in a hillside temple. Eight children floated away and left on high ground were believed to be the only survivors of one village, until one hundred people were found who had been borne across and stranded on the opposite shores of their bay. One hundred and fifty people were found cast away on one island offshore. From two large villages on one bay only thirty young men survived, hardy, muscular young fishermen and powerful swimmers, yet in other places the strongest perished, and the aged and infirm, cripples, and tiny children were miraculously preserved. The wave flooded the cells of Okachi prison and the jailers broke the bolts and let the 195 convicts free. Only two convicts attempted to escape, the others waiting in good order until marched to the high ground by their keepers. The good Père Raspail had just reached Kamaishi from his all-day walk of 50 miles over the mountains and entered his inn, when his assistant called to him from the street. The priest came to the veranda, but in an instant the water was upon him. He was seen later, swimming, but evidently was struck by timbers or swept out to sea, as his body has not been recovered. Japanese men-of-war cruised for a week off Kamaishi, recovering bodies daily. The Japanese system of census enumeration is so complete and minute that the name of every person who lost his life was soon known, and the Official Gazette was able to state that out of a population of 6,529 at Kamaishi 4,985 were lost and 500 injured, while 953 dwellings and 867 warehouses and other structures were destroyed or carried away, and 176 ships carried inland or swept out and lost.
The survivors were so stunned with the appalling disaster that few could do anything for themselves or others. With houses, nets, and fishing-boats carried away and the fish retreating to further and deeper waters, starvation faced them, and, the great heat continuing while so many bodies were strewn along shore and imprisoned in ruins, the atmosphere fast became poisonous. The north-coast people are opposed to cremation and insisted on earth burial, which delayed the disposal of the dead and augmented the danger of pestilence. Disinfectants were sent in quantity, and the work of recovery and burial was so pressing that soldiers were put to it after all available coolies had been impressed. The Red Cross Society, with its hospitals and nurses, had difficulty in caring for all the wounded, the greater number of whom, besides requiring surgical aid, were suffering from pneumonia and internal inflammations consequent upon their long exposure in wet clothing without shelter and from the brine, fish oil, and sand breathed in and swallowed while in the first tumult of waters. Besides the generous relief fund subscribed by the people, the government has made large assignments from its available funds and sent stores of provisions, clothing, tools, etc., to the 60,000 homeless, ruined, bereaved, and starving people of the San-Riku coast.
The wave was plainly felt two hours later on the shores of the island of Yesso, 200 miles north of the center of disturbance on the San-Riku coast, the water advancing 80 feet beyond high-tide mark on the beach at Hakodate. Eight hours later there was a great disturbance of the waters on the shores of the Bonin islands, more than 700 miles southward, the water rising three or four feet and retreating violently. Six hours later, on the shores of Kaui, the most northern of the Hawaiian islands, distant 3,390 miles, the waters receded violently and washed on shore in a wave some inches above the normal height.
The plainest inference has been that the great wave was the result of an eruption, explosion, or other disturbance in the bed of the sea, 500 or 600 miles off the San-Riku coast. The most popular theory is that it resulted from the caving-in of some part of the wall or bed of the great "Tuscarora Deep," one of the greatest depressions of the ocean bed in the world, discovered in 1874 by the present Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N., while in command of the U. S. S. Tuscarora, engaged in deep-sea surveys.
The "Tuscarora Deep" is nearly five and one-third statute miles in depth, being exceeded, so far as known, only by the still more profound depths discovered last year in the South Pacific by Commander A. F. Balfour, of the British Navy.
That disturbances were taking place in this tremendous abyss was again suggested at six o'clock on the morning of July 4, when the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's mail steamer Empress of Japan, sailing directly over it in a smooth sea, was shaken as if a propeller blade had been lost or the ship had struck an obstruction. Every one was roused by the peculiar shock, but no visible explanation was furnished. The destructive wave and this incident together should stimulate further investigation of this dangerous, bottomless pit of the Pacific ocean, which owes its discovery to United States explorers by deep-sea soundings.
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
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© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
This is one of our most invasive, destructive plants and it has taken over a lot of our parks and natural areas. Introduced from Eurasia. The bright yellow flower is beautiful, as is the dandelion-like seedhead, but what a huge problem it is.
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
So often we’re sabotaging ourselves by being in our own way without even knowing we’re doing so.
When you find yourself facing obstacles that appear to be blocking you from your goals, it’s important to try not to get discouraged. It can be easy to feel “stuck” or that “life” is creating circumstances preventing you from getting what you want. And, while it’s easy to look at everyone & everything outside of ourselves for the problem, perhaps even wanting to “get rid” of the person, object, or circumstance we may feel is blocking us, sometimes the best course of action to take may be to look inside ourselves first.
It is amazing how often we can get in our own way without even being aware we’re doing so. Even though we truly want to succeed, there are many reasons why we may sometimes block our own efforts. It may be that we’re afraid to succeed, so we subconsciously create circumstances to keep ourselves stuck. Or it may even be that we are afraid that we will succeed, so we block ourselves by making the achievement of our goals more difficult than they really are. We may even approach our goals in a way that keeps creating the same unsuccessful results.
If you think you’ve been standing in your own way, you may want to take a piece of paper & record how you’ve done this. Write down the choices you’ve made that have hindered your efforts and the fears that may have prompted you to make these decisions. Take note of any thoughts & feelings that arise. It’s important to be gentle & compassionate during this process. And, do yourself a favor and try not to blame yourself for getting in your own way.
Remember, the choices we make are always there to serve us, until it’s time to let them go. When you’re finished, throw the paper away while setting an intention that you’re getting rid of any obstacles you’ve created to block yourself. You can then let yourself start again with a clean slate. Doubts & fears are going to be natural, but with this new awareness, you should be able to prevent yourself from subconsciously thwarting yourself. Besides, now that you’ve decided to get out of your own way, the part of you that has always wanted to succeed can now do so.
You’d be surprised how this little exercise will help to cleanse your pallet & give you the opportunity to start anew. Righting this self-destructive behavior can cost a lot of money if it’s done by way of the therapy route. However, an alternative could be to begin a D.I.Y. home project. As you begin to grow from this experience, you’ll get a double-treat: watching the projects you tackle literally visually transform along with you! It’s a win-win scenario. And, whatever you do, please don’t even think about eating any pet you’ve named – that’s just bad form. Enjoy your long weekend.
For daily design inspiration, visit eyewashdesign blog: eyewashdesign.wordpress.com/
Ukrainian Marines witness the destructive power of simple improvised explosive devices during day two of the situational training exercise lanes at Rapid Trident 2014 here, Sept. 17. Rapid Trident is an annual U.S. Army Europe conducted, Ukrainian led multinational exercise designed to enhance interoperability with allied and partner nations while promoting regional stability and security. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Joshua Leonard)
I correctly forecast single costliest natural disaster ever world wide in great detail.
On the evening of June 15, 1896, the northeast coast of Hondo, the main island of Japan, was struck by a great earthquake wave (tsunami), which was more destructive of life and property than any earthquake convulsion of this century in that empire. The whole coastline of the San-Riku, the three provinces of Rikuzen, Rikuchu, and Rikuoku, from the island of Kinkwazan, 38° 20' north, northward for 175 miles, was laid waste by a great wave moving from the east and south, that varied in recorded height from 10 to 50 feet. A few survivors, who saw it advancing in the darkness, report its height as 80 to 100 feet. With a difference of but thirty minutes in time between the southern and northern points, it struck the San-Riku coast and in a trice obliterated towns and villages, killed 26,975 people out of the original population, and grievously wounded the 5,390 survivors. It washed away and wrecked 9,313 houses, stranded some 300 larger craft—steamers, schooners, and junks—and crushed or carried away 10,000 fishing boats, destroying property to the value of six million yen. Thousands of acres of arable land were turned to wastes, projecting rocks offshore were broken, overturned, or moved hundreds of yards, shallows and bars were formed, and in some localities the entire shoreline was changed.
They were all seafaring communities along this coast strip and the fisheries were the chief industry. The shipment of sea products to the great ports was the main connection with the outer world. A high mountain range bars communication with the trunk railway line of the island, and this picturesque, fiord-cut coast is so remote and so isolated that only two foreigners had been seen in the region in ten years, with the exception of the French mission priest, Father Raspail, who lost his life in the flood. With telegraph offices, instruments, and operators carried away, word came slowly to Tokyo, and with 50 to 100 miles of mountain roads between the nearest railway station and the seacoast aid was long in reaching the wretched survivors. When adequate idea of the calamity reached the capital and the cities, men-of-war, soldiers, sappers, surgeons, and nurses were quickly dispatched, and public sympathy found expression in contributions through the different newspapers, amounting to more than 250,000 yen, for the relief of the injured. The Japanese journalist and photographer were quickly on their way, and the vernacular press soon fed the public full of horrors, yet the first to reach the scene of the disaster was an American missionary, the Rev. Rothesay Miller, who made the usual three days' trip over the mountains in less than a day and a half on his American bicycle.
There were old traditions of such earthquake waves on this coast, one of two centuries ago doing some damage, and a tsunami of forty years ago and a lesser one of 1892 flooding the streets of Kamaishi and driving people to upper floors and the roofs of their houses. The barometer gave no warning, no indication of any unusual conditions on June 15, and the occurrence of thirteen light earthquake shocks during the day excited no comment. Rain had fallen in the morning and afternoon, and with a temperature of 80° to 90° the damp atmosphere was very oppressive. The villagers on that remote coast adhered to the old calendar in observing their local fêtes and holidays, and on that fifth day of the fifth moon had been celebrating the Girls' Festival. Rain had driven them indoors with the darkness, and nearly all were in their houses at eight o'clock, when, with a rumbling as of heavy cannonading out at sea, a roar, and the crash and crackling of timbers, they were suddenly engulfed in the swirling waters. Only a few survivors on all that length of coast saw the advancing wave, one of them telling that the water first receded some 600 yards from ghastly white sands and then the Wave stood like a black wall 80 feet in height, with phosphorescent lights gleaming along its crest. Others, hearing a distant roar, saw a dark shadow seaward and ran to high ground, crying "Tsunami! tsunami!" Some who ran to the upper stories of their houses for safety were drowned, crushed, or imprisoned there, only a few breaking through the roofs or escaping after the water subsided.
Shallow water and outlying islands broke the force of the wave in some places, and in long, narrow inlets or fiords the giant roller was broken into two, three, and even six waves, that crashed upon the shore in succession. Ships and junks were carried one and two miles inland, left on hilltops, treetops, and in the midst of fields uninjured or mixed up with the ruins of houses, the rest engulfed or swept seaward. Where the wave entered a fiord or bay it bore everything along to the head of the ravine or valley and left the mass of debris in a heap at the end. Where the coast was low and faced the open ocean the wave washed in and, retreating, carried everything back with it. Many survivors, swept away by the waters, were cast ashore on outlying islands, or seized bits of wreckage and kept afloat. On the open coast the wave came and withdrew within five minutes, while in long inlets the waters boiled and surged for nearly a half hour before subsiding. The best swimmers were helpless in the first swirl of water, and nearly all the bodies recovered were frightfully battered and mutilated, rolled over and driven against rocks, struck by and crushed between timbers. The force of the wave cut down groves of large pine trees to short stumps, snapped thick granite posts of temple gates and carried the stone cross-beams 309 yards away. Many people were lost through running back to save others or to save their valuables.
One loyal schoolmaster carried the emperor's portrait to a place of safety before seeking out his own family. A half-demented soldier, retired since the late war and continually brooding on a possible attack by the enemy, became convinced that the first cannonading sound was from a hostile fleet, and, seizing his sword, ran down to the beach to meet the foe. One village officer, mistaking the sound of crashing timbers for crackling flames, ran to high ground to see where the fire was, and thus saved his life. Another village officer, living on the edge of a hill, heard the crash and slid his screens open to look upon foaming waters nearly level with his veranda. In a moment the waters disappeared, leaving a black, empty level where the populous village had been a few minutes before. Four women clung to one man, seeking to escape to high ground, and their combined weight resisting the force of the receding wave they were all saved. The only survivors of another village were eight men who had been playing the game of "go" in a hillside temple. Eight children floated away and left on high ground were believed to be the only survivors of one village, until one hundred people were found who had been borne across and stranded on the opposite shores of their bay. One hundred and fifty people were found cast away on one island offshore. From two large villages on one bay only thirty young men survived, hardy, muscular young fishermen and powerful swimmers, yet in other places the strongest perished, and the aged and infirm, cripples, and tiny children were miraculously preserved. The wave flooded the cells of Okachi prison and the jailers broke the bolts and let the 195 convicts free. Only two convicts attempted to escape, the others waiting in good order until marched to the high ground by their keepers. The good Père Raspail had just reached Kamaishi from his all-day walk of 50 miles over the mountains and entered his inn, when his assistant called to him from the street. The priest came to the veranda, but in an instant the water was upon him. He was seen later, swimming, but evidently was struck by timbers or swept out to sea, as his body has not been recovered. Japanese men-of-war cruised for a week off Kamaishi, recovering bodies daily. The Japanese system of census enumeration is so complete and minute that the name of every person who lost his life was soon known, and the Official Gazette was able to state that out of a population of 6,529 at Kamaishi 4,985 were lost and 500 injured, while 953 dwellings and 867 warehouses and other structures were destroyed or carried away, and 176 ships carried inland or swept out and lost.
The survivors were so stunned with the appalling disaster that few could do anything for themselves or others. With houses, nets, and fishing-boats carried away and the fish retreating to further and deeper waters, starvation faced them, and, the great heat continuing while so many bodies were strewn along shore and imprisoned in ruins, the atmosphere fast became poisonous. The north-coast people are opposed to cremation and insisted on earth burial, which delayed the disposal of the dead and augmented the danger of pestilence. Disinfectants were sent in quantity, and the work of recovery and burial was so pressing that soldiers were put to it after all available coolies had been impressed. The Red Cross Society, with its hospitals and nurses, had difficulty in caring for all the wounded, the greater number of whom, besides requiring surgical aid, were suffering from pneumonia and internal inflammations consequent upon their long exposure in wet clothing without shelter and from the brine, fish oil, and sand breathed in and swallowed while in the first tumult of waters. Besides the generous relief fund subscribed by the people, the government has made large assignments from its available funds and sent stores of provisions, clothing, tools, etc., to the 60,000 homeless, ruined, bereaved, and starving people of the San-Riku coast.
The wave was plainly felt two hours later on the shores of the island of Yesso, 200 miles north of the center of disturbance on the San-Riku coast, the water advancing 80 feet beyond high-tide mark on the beach at Hakodate. Eight hours later there was a great disturbance of the waters on the shores of the Bonin islands, more than 700 miles southward, the water rising three or four feet and retreating violently. Six hours later, on the shores of Kaui, the most northern of the Hawaiian islands, distant 3,390 miles, the waters receded violently and washed on shore in a wave some inches above the normal height.
The plainest inference has been that the great wave was the result of an eruption, explosion, or other disturbance in the bed of the sea, 500 or 600 miles off the San-Riku coast. The most popular theory is that it resulted from the caving-in of some part of the wall or bed of the great "Tuscarora Deep," one of the greatest depressions of the ocean bed in the world, discovered in 1874 by the present Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N., while in command of the U. S. S. Tuscarora, engaged in deep-sea surveys.
The "Tuscarora Deep" is nearly five and one-third statute miles in depth, being exceeded, so far as known, only by the still more profound depths discovered last year in the South Pacific by Commander A. F. Balfour, of the British Navy.
That disturbances were taking place in this tremendous abyss was again suggested at six o'clock on the morning of July 4, when the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's mail steamer Empress of Japan, sailing directly over it in a smooth sea, was shaken as if a propeller blade had been lost or the ship had struck an obstruction. Every one was roused by the peculiar shock, but no visible explanation was furnished. The destructive wave and this incident together should stimulate further investigation of this dangerous, bottomless pit of the Pacific ocean, which owes its discovery to United States explorers by deep-sea soundings.
INDIAN OCEAN (Feb. 4, 2019) U.S. Navy Aviation Structural Mechanic 2nd Class Rebecca Fields, from McKinney, Texas, conducts a magnetic particle inspection on an arresting gear swivel coupling in the non-destructive inspection lab aboard the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74). The John C. Stennis is deployed to the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations in support of security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jarrod A. Schad)
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1,831,000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese (as well as Spanish) for "flowers".
Flores is located east of Sumbawa and Komodo and west of Lembata and the Alor Archipelago. To the southeast is Timor. To the south, across the Sumba strait, is Sumba and to the north, beyond the Flores Sea, is Sulawesi.
On 12 December 1992, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred, killing 2,500 people in and around Maumere, including islands off the North coast.
HOMO FLORESIENSIS
In September 2004, at Liang Bua Cave in western Flores, paleoanthropologists discovered small skeletons that they described as a previously unknown hominin species, Homo floresiensis. These are informally named hobbits and appear to have stood about 1 m tall. The most complete individual (LB1) is dated as 18,000 years old.
HISTORY
Portuguese traders and missionaries came to Flores in the 16th century, mainly to Larantuka and Sikka. Their influence is still discernible in Sikka's language, culture and religion.
The Dominican order was extremely important in this island, as well as in the neighbouring islands of Timor and Solor. When in 1613 the Dutch attacked the Fortress of Solor, the population of this fort, led by the Dominicans, moved to the harbor town of Larantuka, on the eastern coast of Flores. This population was mixed, of Portuguese and local islanders descent and Larantuqueiros, Topasses (people that wear heats) or, as Dutch knew them, the 'Black Portuguese' (Swarte Portugueezen).
The Larantuqueiros or Topasses became the dominant sandalwood trading people of the region for the next 200 years. This group used Portuguese as the language for worship, Malay as the language of trade and a mixed dialect as mother tongue. This was observed by William Dampier, an English privateer visiting the Island in 1699:
These [the Topasses] have no Forts, but depend on their Alliance with the Natives: And indeed they are already so mixt, that it is hard to distinguish whether they are Portuguese or Indians. Their Language is Portuguese; and the religion they have, is Romish. They seem in Words to acknowledge the King of Portugal for their Sovereign; yet they will not accept any Officers sent by him. They speak indifferently the Malayan and their own native Languages, as well as Portuguese.
In 1846, Dutch and Portuguese initiated negotiations towards delimiting the territories but these negotiations led nowhere. In 1851 the new governor of Timor, Solor and Flores, Lima Lopes, faced with an impoverished administration, agreed to sell eastern Flores and the nearby islands to the Dutch in return for a payment of 200,000 Florins. Lima Lopes did so without the consent of Lisbon and was dismissed in disgrace, but his agreement was not rescinded and in 1854 Portugal ceded all its historical claims on Flores. After this, Flores became part of the territory of Dutch East Indies.
During World War II a Japanese invasion force landed at Reo on 14 May 1942 and occupied Flores.
After the war Flores became part of independent Indonesia.
ADMINISTRATION
Flores is part of the East Nusa Tenggara province. The island along with smaller minor islands are split into eight regencies (local government districts); from west to east these are: Manggarai Barat (West Manggarai), Manggarai Tengah (Central Manggarai), Manggarai Timur (East Manggarai), Ngada, Nagekeo, Ende, Sikka and Flores Timur (East Flores). Flores has 39.1% of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial population as of 2010, and the most Indonesians of all islands in the province.
It is the island with the 9th most Indonesians. Among all islands containing Indonesian territory, it is the 10th most populous after Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, and Timor.
FLORA AND FAUNA
The west coast of Flores is one of the few places, aside from the island of Komodo itself, where the Komodo dragon can be found in the wild, and is part of Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kelimutu National Park is the second national park designated on Flores to protect endangered species. The Flores giant rat is also endemic to the island, and Verhoeven's giant tree rat was formerly present. These giant rodents are considered examples of island gigantism.
Flores was also the habitat of several extinct dwarf forms of the proboscidean Stegodon, the most recent (Stegodon florensis insularis) disappearing approximately 12,000 years ago. It is speculated by scientists that limited resources and an absence of advanced predators made the few megafaunal species that reached the island subject to insular dwarfism.
CULTURE
There are many languages spoken on the island of Flores, all of them belonging to the Austronesian family. In the centre of the island in the districts of Ngada, Nagekeo, and Ende there is what is variously called the Central Flores Dialect Chain or the Central Flores Linkage. Within this area there are slight linguistic differences in almost every village. At least six separate languages are identifiable. These are from west to east: Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio and Palu'e, which is spoken on the island with the same name of the north coast of Flores. Locals would probably also add So'a and Bajawa to this list, which anthropologists have labeled dialects of Ngadha.
The peoples of Flores are almost entirely Roman Catholic Christians, whereas most other Indonesians are Muslim. As a consequence, Flores may be regarded as surrounded by a religious border. The prominence of Catholicism on the island results from its colonisation by Portugal. In other parts of Indonesia with significant Christian populations, such as the Maluku Islands and Sulawesi, the geographical divide is less rigid and Muslims and Christians sometimes live side by side. Flores thereby also has less religious violence that has sporadically occurred in other parts of Indonesia. There are several churches on the island.
TOURISM
The most famous tourist attraction in Flores is Kelimutu, a volcano containing three colored lakes, located in the district of Ende close to the town of Moni. These crater lakes are in the caldera of a volcano, and fed by a volcanic gas source, resulting in highly acidic water. The colored lakes change colors on an irregular basis, depending on the oxidation state of the lake from bright red through green and blue.
There are snorkelling and diving locations along the north coast of Flores, most notably Maumere and Riung. However, due to the destructive practice of local fishermen using bombs to fish, and locals selling shells to tourists, combined with the after effects of a devastating tsunami in 1992, the reefs have slowly been destroyed.
Labuan Bajo (on the western tip of Flores) is a town often used by tourists as a base to visit Komodo and Rinca. Labuanbajo also attracts scuba divers, as whale sharks inhabit the waters around Labuanbajo.
The Luba and Bena villages include traditional houses in Flores, Bena is also noted for its Stone Age megaliths.
Larantuka, on the isle's eastern end, is known for its Holy Week festivals.
ECONOMY
In addition to tourism, the main economic activities on Flores are agriculture, fishing and seaweed production. The primary food crops being grown on Flores are rice, maize, sweet potato and cassava, while the main cash crops are coffee, coconut, candle nut and cashew. Flores is one of the newest origins for Indonesian coffee. Previously, most Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) from Flores was blended with other origins. Now, demand is growing for this coffee because of its heavy body and sweet chocolate, floral and woody notes.
WIKIPEDIA
Amanita phalloides has white gills, free of the stipe, and white spores. They stay white. I've found a way to see the gills of my unknown fungal fruiting body! It turns out, all I needed was a simple mirror. That way, I could leave the mushroom in situ to do whatever it is that it is doing. I also needed a wedge to get the best angle, and coincidentally, that lens cap is now a scale — 60mmø.
Alright, now we know! Assigning a colour to these gills isn't easy. But, because the cap is white, they are not. Very interesting; more Volvariella, less Amanita.
Here it gets messy. The number of Volvariella in Australia is small, and has got smaller. Bingo! The taxonomists have been at it again. They've grabbed one, maybe this one, and found it's more like something else, not the same, but different from Volvariella, even though they are morphologically similar. Hedging their bets, they created a new Genus, Volvopluteus, which rapidly deploying my knowledge of Latin translates as Swedish car of the underworld.
Now, the newly created Volvopluteus contains just four species. The type species Volvopluteus gloiocephalus means Swedish car of the underworld with a sticky head. Righto, that explains the lustre on this chrome dome! Importantly for us, we needn't bother about the other three, because as you know, that renowned mycologist Sherlock Holmes maintained that "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth". None of those three are definitively recorded as present on this side of the Equator, and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus is. There's a vague identification. You're welcome.
Like my Latin, don't take my word for it. There's an idea that this species may be eatable, if not all that edible. In other words I might eat it, not enjoy it and still not die. I think I can build a case on current non-destructive diagnostics to leave it right here, and observe from a safe distance to see what happens next; don't you?
About my pictures:
Since 2014 I've been documenting the daily, destructive, poisonous chemtrail activity in the Dayton, Ohio area -- home of the notorious Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (visited by every important person on Earth, and even a few Aliens ;-) -- and apparently from my photo and video documentation, Chemtrail Central. This area has been getting chemtrailed on a massive, daily basis and is being conducted, as they say, “in plain sight”.
However, this area isn’t special in that regard. The massive chemtrailing is going on across the USA (and other countries), as evidenced in abundance on FlickR and many other sites. This incredible not-so-secret Government program, which itself is expensive and dangerous, spoils not only blue skies, but poisons our air, water and soil to unknown levels. Regardless of the purpose, weather control/weather as a weapon/mind control, it really amounts to a crime against humanity in my opinion.
In response, I have posted thousands of full-resolution images (15,000+!), documenting the overwhelming evidence of this crime on Flickr:
www.flickr.com/photos/133042043@N04/albums
I have additional Chemtrail videos posted on:
www.youtube.com/user/BlueRidgeParkway
And to help generate interest, further study and assist in research, I am designating all my chemtrail pictures uploaded to Flickr (under “Chem Trailchaser”) as CC0 — Creative Commons Zero.
This removes my copyright and releases them into the Public Domain, which means that any of my photos designated CC0, can be used, without restriction or attribution, for any use. Isn’t that awesome? So please… download, copy, backup, mirror, share, use and improve as many of these photos as you can! Thanks for looking - Chem
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
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© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
Entry in category 1. Object of study; Copyright CC-BY-NC-ND: Philipp Schütz
Wood can easily be modified. Therefore, wooden objects and tools were ubiquitous in the life of our ancestors and wood is one of the key materials in archaeological research. Proper dating of these objects requires an accurate measurement of the width of the year rings. Shown is one image of a stack of 6000 virtual cross-sections through a piece of archaeological wood (oak). These cross-sections are measured non-destructively by X-ray computed tomography and display the distribution of material and its density in the sample. An algorithmic tracking of the year rings enables the automated measurement of the ring widths for dendrochronology, I.e. the dating of wooden objects.
GULF OF OMAN (Oct. 25, 2015) U.S. Marine Sgt. Taylor Harris inspects an M240B machine gun bolt stud aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2). Harris is a non-destructive inspection technician with Medium Marine Tiltrotor Squadron 161 (Reinforced), 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. She inspected the bolt for any cracks or discrepancies to ensure the M240 functions properly. The 15th MEU, embarked on the ships of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group, is deployed to maintain regional security in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Anna Albrecht/ Released)
About my pictures:
Since 2014 I've been documenting the daily, destructive, poisonous chemtrail activity in the Dayton, Ohio area -- home of the notorious Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (visited by every important person on Earth, and even a few Aliens ;-) -- and apparently from my photo and video documentation, Chemtrail Central. This area has been getting chemtrailed on a massive, daily basis and is being conducted, as they say, “in plain sight”.
However, this area isn’t special in that regard. The massive chemtrailing is going on across the USA (and other countries), as evidenced in abundance on FlickR and many other sites. This incredible not-so-secret Government program, which itself is expensive and dangerous, spoils not only blue skies, but poisons our air, water and soil to unknown levels. Regardless of the purpose, weather control/weather as a weapon/mind control, it really amounts to a crime against humanity in my opinion.
In response, I have posted thousands of full-resolution images (15,000+!), documenting the overwhelming evidence of this crime on Flickr:
www.flickr.com/photos/133042043@N04/albums
I have additional Chemtrail videos posted on:
www.youtube.com/user/BlueRidgeParkway
And to help generate interest, further study and assist in research, I am designating all my chemtrail pictures uploaded to Flickr (under “Chem Trailchaser”) as CC0 — Creative Commons Zero.
This removes my copyright and releases them into the Public Domain, which means that any of my photos designated CC0, can be used, without restriction or attribution, for any use. Isn’t that awesome? So please… download, copy, backup, mirror, share, use and improve as many of these photos as you can! Thanks for looking - Chem
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/what-we-do/services-and-support/asset-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd"
TWI is a world leader in the development and application of non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies (also known as non-destructive evaluation or NDE), handling hundreds of projects of this nature for our members every year.
Our outstanding track record of research and development in the NDT field, our team of highly skilled engineers and technicians, and our unparalleled range of facilities and tools place us in a unique position to solve the NDT problems of member companies.
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/capabilities/integrity-management/non-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
GULF OF OMAN (Oct. 25, 2015) U.S. Marine Sgt. Taylor Harris inspects an M240B machine gun bolt stud aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2). Harris is a non-destructive inspection technician with Medium Marine Tiltrotor Squadron 161 (Reinforced), 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. She inspected the bolt for any cracks or discrepancies to ensure the M240 functions properly. The 15th MEU, embarked on the ships of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group, is deployed to maintain regional security in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Anna Albrecht/ Released)
TWI is a world leader in the development and application of non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies (also known as non-destructive evaluation or NDE), handling hundreds of projects of this nature for our members every year.
Our outstanding track record of research and development in the NDT field, our team of highly skilled engineers and technicians, and our unparalleled range of facilities and tools place us in a unique position to solve the NDT problems of member companies.
For more information please visit www.twi-global.com/capabilities/integrity-management/non-...
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
GULF OF OMAN (Oct. 25, 2015) U.S. Marine Sgt. Taylor Harris inspects an M240B machine gun bolt stud aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2). Harris is a non-destructive inspection technician with Medium Marine Tiltrotor Squadron 161 (Reinforced), 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. She inspected the bolt for any cracks or discrepancies to ensure the M240 functions properly. The 15th MEU, embarked on the ships of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group, is deployed to maintain regional security in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Anna Albrecht/Released)
This series was shot last Sunday on the one year anniversary of Hurricane Ike, which delivered its destructive wrath on Galveston Island and the Texas Gulf Coast. Although there is much more to be done, the Island has made significant progress in its recovery efforts and about 75% of its businesses have returned.
The 7-story, once-grand Flagship Hotel built in 1965, however, is among the 25% that have not. It sits virtually untouched after Ike due to an ongoing age-old legal battle between current owner, Landry’s Restaurants and the hotel’s present leaseholder whose owner was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison last year for filing false claims in FEMA’s lodging program for 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita evacuees. If you’re interested, you can read more about the complicated legal issues surrounding the Flagship here.
The original pier, known as the Galveston Municipal Pleasure Pier, was erected back in the early ‘40s by the City of Galveston. It was used by the military during World War II, turned back to the City after the war and operated until 1961 when Hurricane Carla all but destroyed it. Here is a really cool vintage postcard showing what the Pleasure Pier looked like back in the '40s & '50s.
Word is that Landry’s plans to demolish the hotel and transform the pier back into an entertainment complex and amusement park, similar to its Kemah Boardwalk and the former Pleasure Pier. Some speculate Landry’s owner is waiting for the State to legalize gambling so he can build a casino on the pier. It was reported in June that Landry’s is in talks with a potential buyer who has plans to restore the hotel. For now, we'll just have to wait and see what the future holds for this longtime Galveston landmark…
Update 9/29: Here is a new article posted on 9/25: www.khou.com/news/local/galveston/stories/khou090925_tnt_...
Current plans are to restore the Flagship and build an amusement park...
Update 10/1: This Sept. 1 Houston Chronicle has a statement by a Landry's rep that they will either renovate the hotel OR build an amusement park, but not both. I was wondering, 'cause there's not room for both...
The 2013 Black Forest Fire was the state's most destructive wildfire on record; it burned 14,000 acres, destroyed 486 homes, and caused $85 million in damages. Volunteers helped the park recover by installing log and other erosion control structures, protecting the park assets downhill of the burn site and removing invasive weeds. Boeing and subsidiary Jeppesen volunteers took part.
Boeing provides this photo for the public to share. Media interested in high-resolution images for publication should email boeingmedia@boeing.com or visit boeing.mediaroom.com. Users may not manipulate or use this photo in commercial materials, advertisements, emails, products, or promotions without licensed permission from Boeing. If you are interested in using Boeing imagery for commercial purposes, email imagelicensing@boeing.com or visit www.boeingimages.com.
The CISME ™ is a self-contained, diver-portable instrument designed to non-destructively measure coral respiration, photosynthesis and calcification in situ. The instrument provides real-time, graphical data display of dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature using a proprietary app installed on a touch-screen diving tablet. In situ instruments are needed to promote rapid assessment and monitoring of metabolic health of corals and other benthic organisms affected by ocean acidification, global warming, and other stressors, both anthropogenic and natural. Non-destructive tools are especially needed for reef corals because their live cover is greatly reduced and destructive sampling in many locations is prohibited. University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) under the auspices of the NOAA-funded Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research and Technology, have designed, fabricated and field tested the CISME to meet this important research need.
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
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© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
The Test House provides UKAS-accredited testing services to industry. Our comprehensive, professional service includes mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, failure analysis/metallurgy and specimen manufacture.
We have 25 years’ experience of conducting independent, confidential tests on metals to national and international standards.
Testing is carried out by a multidisciplinary team of experts using state-of-the-art technologies, either on-site or in the custom-built facility we moved into in 2015.
In addition to testing and results analysis, The Test House offers consultancy and advice services, including weld procedure and welder qualification approvals, standards interpretation and dispute resolution.
Our short lead times, competitive pricing and ability to respond flexibly to our clients’ needs have earned us a reputation for responsiveness, reliability and value for money.
The Test House provides UKAS-accredited testing services to industry. Our comprehensive, professional service includes mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, failure analysis/metallurgy and specimen manufacture. We have 25 years’ experience of conducting independent, confidential tests on metals to national and international standards. Testing is carried out by a multidisciplinary team of experts using state-of-the-art technologies, either on-site or in the custom-built facility we moved into in 2015. In addition to testing and results analysis, The Test House offers consultancy and advice services, including weld procedure and welder qualification approvals, standards interpretation and dispute resolution. Our short lead times, competitive pricing and ability to respond flexibly to our clients’ needs have earned us a reputation for responsiveness, reliability and value for money.
For more information www.thetesthouse.co.uk/
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
Modelo: Diana Carrasco
Maquillaje: Rosa Cantero
Estilismo: Miss Self Destructive
Luz natural
© Imagen protegida por Copyright. No esta permitido el uso de esta imagen sin consentimiento escrito del autor. Contacta con el autor para mas detalles.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
© This image is protected by Copyright. You are not allowed to use this image without written consent from the photographer/creator. Contact the photographer/creator for details.
The Test House provides UKAS-accredited testing services to industry. Our comprehensive, professional service includes mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, failure analysis/metallurgy and specimen manufacture.
We have 25 years’ experience of conducting independent, confidential tests on metals to national and international standards.
Testing is carried out by a multidisciplinary team of experts using state-of-the-art technologies, either on-site or in the custom-built facility we moved into in 2015.
In addition to testing and results analysis, The Test House offers consultancy and advice services, including weld procedure and welder qualification approvals, standards interpretation and dispute resolution.
Our short lead times, competitive pricing and ability to respond flexibly to our clients’ needs have earned us a reputation for responsiveness, reliability and value for money.
The Test House provides UKAS-accredited testing services to industry. Our comprehensive, professional service includes mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, failure analysis/metallurgy and specimen manufacture. We have 25 years’ experience of conducting independent, confidential tests on metals to national and international standards. Testing is carried out by a multidisciplinary team of experts using state-of-the-art technologies, either on-site or in the custom-built facility we moved into in 2015. In addition to testing and results analysis, The Test House offers consultancy and advice services, including weld procedure and welder qualification approvals, standards interpretation and dispute resolution. Our short lead times, competitive pricing and ability to respond flexibly to our clients’ needs have earned us a reputation for responsiveness, reliability and value for money.
For more information www.thetesthouse.co.uk/
If you wish to use this image each use should be accompanied by the credit line and notice, "Courtesy of TWI Ltd".
About my pictures:
Since 2014 I've been documenting the daily, destructive, poisonous chemtrail activity in the Dayton, Ohio area -- home of the notorious Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (visited by every important person on Earth, and even a few (fake) aliens ;-) -- and apparently from my photo and video documentation, Chemtrail Central. This area has been getting chemtrailed on a massive, daily basis and is being conducted, as they say, “in plain sight”. I've got over 15,000 high-resolution pictures already uploaded and available for free on Flickr, with thousands more on the way:
www.flickr.com/photos/133042043@N04/albums
Additional Chemtrail videos may be found on:
www.youtube.com/user/BlueRidgeParkway
I am designating all my chemtrail pictures uploaded to Flickr as CC0 (Creative Commons Zero), which removes my copyright and releases them into the Public Domain. They are archived on Flickr under -- Chem Trailchaser --. I hope by making these images widely available, it will accelerate interest, research, study and more documentation from all over the world. Please, download, copy, backup, mirror, share, use and improve as many of these photos as you can! Thanks for looking - Chem
Take Action Now ! >>> tr.im/lepufology
Artists and artistically inclined people are invited to participate by donating artwork inspired by the project, spreading it around, and linking back.
Here's a collection of oil sands related quotes and facts :
Environmental Defence (source : www.environmentaldefence.ca/reports/tarsands.htm)
· "The most destructive project on Earth."
· "With the Tar Sands, Canada has become the world’s dirty energy superpower."
Oil Sands Truth (http://oilsandstruth.org/)
· "The largest industrial project in human history and likely also the most destructive."
· "The second fastest rate of deforestation on the planet behind the Amazon Rainforest Basin."
· "The tar sands mining procedure releases at least three times the CO2 emissions as regular oil production and is slated to become the single largest industrial contributor in North America to Climate Change."
Sierra Club of Canada Prairie Chapter (http://www.sierraclub.ca/prairie/tarnation.htm)
· "One of the largest ecological challenges in North America's history."
· "Irreversible damage to Boreal Forest ecosystems and the corresponding loss of one of the last wild places on Earth."
· "By 2015, tar sands GHG emissions are expected to rise to (...) make it the single largest contributor to GHG emissions growth in Canada."
· "Unsustainable water allocations : for every barrel of mined bitumen requires 4 to 5 barrels of water."
DeSmogBlog (http://www.desmogblog.com/top-10-facts-canada-alberta-oil-sands-information)
· "The oil sands operations are the fastest growing source of heat-trapping greenhouse gas in Canada. By 2020 the oil sands will release twice the amount produced currently by all the cars and trucks in Canada."
· "By 2015, the Alberta Oil Sands are expected to emit more greenhouse gases than the nation of Denmark (pop. 5.4 million)."
· "Processing the oil sands uses enough natural gas in a day to heat 3 million homes in Canada."
· "At least 90% of the fresh water used in the oil sands ends up in ends up in tailing lakes so toxic that propane cannons are used to keep ducks from landing in them."
· "The toxic tailing lakes are considered one of the largest human-made structures in the world. The lakes span 50 square kilometers and can be seen from space."
Take Action Now ! >>> tr.im/lepufology
Destructive debris flows occurred at Strachan Point in the 1970s and 1980s, wiping out bridges and damaging the highway and local community. To counter these flows, the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure constructed a debris flow catch basin facility in 1985. The basin catches debris from slides while allowing water to flow into the ocean. Our maintenance contractor cleans out the debris periodically to maintain capacity for future slides.
Tech. Sgt. Frank Castonguay pours a fluorescent oil bath over a KC-135 Stratotanker brake key inside a magnetic field generator Royal Air Force Mildenhall, England. The oil bath coats a part in fluorescent particles, which are attracted to any cracks, after a magnetic field is established on either end of the part to identify dangerous defects in parts. Castonguay is a non-destructive inspection craftsman assigned to the 100th Maintenance Squadron.(U.S. Air Force photo/Airman 1st Class Dillon Johnston/100th Air Refueling Wing Public Affairs)
Still 'smoking' Merapi looming over a landscape large stretches of which it just finished destroying with its pyroclastic flows. Viewpoint is from the margin of the no-longer existent Kali Gendol river channel.
Oakland riots were reported after the Trayvon Martin verdict and protestors destructive demonstrations left the city in bad shape.
GULF OF OMAN (Oct. 25, 2015) U.S. Marine Sgt. Taylor Harris inspects an M240B machine gun bolt stud aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2). Harris is a non-destructive inspection technician with Medium Marine Tiltrotor Squadron 161 (Reinforced), 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. She inspected the bolt for any cracks or discrepancies to ensure the M240 functions properly. The 15th MEU, embarked on the ships of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group, is deployed to maintain regional security in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Anna Albrecht/Released)
I correctly forecast single costliest natural disaster ever world wide in great detail.
On the evening of June 15, 1896, the northeast coast of Hondo, the main island of Japan, was struck by a great earthquake wave (tsunami), which was more destructive of life and property than any earthquake convulsion of this century in that empire. The whole coastline of the San-Riku, the three provinces of Rikuzen, Rikuchu, and Rikuoku, from the island of Kinkwazan, 38° 20' north, northward for 175 miles, was laid waste by a great wave moving from the east and south, that varied in recorded height from 10 to 50 feet. A few survivors, who saw it advancing in the darkness, report its height as 80 to 100 feet. With a difference of but thirty minutes in time between the southern and northern points, it struck the San-Riku coast and in a trice obliterated towns and villages, killed 26,975 people out of the original population, and grievously wounded the 5,390 survivors. It washed away and wrecked 9,313 houses, stranded some 300 larger craft—steamers, schooners, and junks—and crushed or carried away 10,000 fishing boats, destroying property to the value of six million yen. Thousands of acres of arable land were turned to wastes, projecting rocks offshore were broken, overturned, or moved hundreds of yards, shallows and bars were formed, and in some localities the entire shoreline was changed.
They were all seafaring communities along this coast strip and the fisheries were the chief industry. The shipment of sea products to the great ports was the main connection with the outer world. A high mountain range bars communication with the trunk railway line of the island, and this picturesque, fiord-cut coast is so remote and so isolated that only two foreigners had been seen in the region in ten years, with the exception of the French mission priest, Father Raspail, who lost his life in the flood. With telegraph offices, instruments, and operators carried away, word came slowly to Tokyo, and with 50 to 100 miles of mountain roads between the nearest railway station and the seacoast aid was long in reaching the wretched survivors. When adequate idea of the calamity reached the capital and the cities, men-of-war, soldiers, sappers, surgeons, and nurses were quickly dispatched, and public sympathy found expression in contributions through the different newspapers, amounting to more than 250,000 yen, for the relief of the injured. The Japanese journalist and photographer were quickly on their way, and the vernacular press soon fed the public full of horrors, yet the first to reach the scene of the disaster was an American missionary, the Rev. Rothesay Miller, who made the usual three days' trip over the mountains in less than a day and a half on his American bicycle.
There were old traditions of such earthquake waves on this coast, one of two centuries ago doing some damage, and a tsunami of forty years ago and a lesser one of 1892 flooding the streets of Kamaishi and driving people to upper floors and the roofs of their houses. The barometer gave no warning, no indication of any unusual conditions on June 15, and the occurrence of thirteen light earthquake shocks during the day excited no comment. Rain had fallen in the morning and afternoon, and with a temperature of 80° to 90° the damp atmosphere was very oppressive. The villagers on that remote coast adhered to the old calendar in observing their local fêtes and holidays, and on that fifth day of the fifth moon had been celebrating the Girls' Festival. Rain had driven them indoors with the darkness, and nearly all were in their houses at eight o'clock, when, with a rumbling as of heavy cannonading out at sea, a roar, and the crash and crackling of timbers, they were suddenly engulfed in the swirling waters. Only a few survivors on all that length of coast saw the advancing wave, one of them telling that the water first receded some 600 yards from ghastly white sands and then the Wave stood like a black wall 80 feet in height, with phosphorescent lights gleaming along its crest. Others, hearing a distant roar, saw a dark shadow seaward and ran to high ground, crying "Tsunami! tsunami!" Some who ran to the upper stories of their houses for safety were drowned, crushed, or imprisoned there, only a few breaking through the roofs or escaping after the water subsided.
Shallow water and outlying islands broke the force of the wave in some places, and in long, narrow inlets or fiords the giant roller was broken into two, three, and even six waves, that crashed upon the shore in succession. Ships and junks were carried one and two miles inland, left on hilltops, treetops, and in the midst of fields uninjured or mixed up with the ruins of houses, the rest engulfed or swept seaward. Where the wave entered a fiord or bay it bore everything along to the head of the ravine or valley and left the mass of debris in a heap at the end. Where the coast was low and faced the open ocean the wave washed in and, retreating, carried everything back with it. Many survivors, swept away by the waters, were cast ashore on outlying islands, or seized bits of wreckage and kept afloat. On the open coast the wave came and withdrew within five minutes, while in long inlets the waters boiled and surged for nearly a half hour before subsiding. The best swimmers were helpless in the first swirl of water, and nearly all the bodies recovered were frightfully battered and mutilated, rolled over and driven against rocks, struck by and crushed between timbers. The force of the wave cut down groves of large pine trees to short stumps, snapped thick granite posts of temple gates and carried the stone cross-beams 309 yards away. Many people were lost through running back to save others or to save their valuables.
One loyal schoolmaster carried the emperor's portrait to a place of safety before seeking out his own family. A half-demented soldier, retired since the late war and continually brooding on a possible attack by the enemy, became convinced that the first cannonading sound was from a hostile fleet, and, seizing his sword, ran down to the beach to meet the foe. One village officer, mistaking the sound of crashing timbers for crackling flames, ran to high ground to see where the fire was, and thus saved his life. Another village officer, living on the edge of a hill, heard the crash and slid his screens open to look upon foaming waters nearly level with his veranda. In a moment the waters disappeared, leaving a black, empty level where the populous village had been a few minutes before. Four women clung to one man, seeking to escape to high ground, and their combined weight resisting the force of the receding wave they were all saved. The only survivors of another village were eight men who had been playing the game of "go" in a hillside temple. Eight children floated away and left on high ground were believed to be the only survivors of one village, until one hundred people were found who had been borne across and stranded on the opposite shores of their bay. One hundred and fifty people were found cast away on one island offshore. From two large villages on one bay only thirty young men survived, hardy, muscular young fishermen and powerful swimmers, yet in other places the strongest perished, and the aged and infirm, cripples, and tiny children were miraculously preserved. The wave flooded the cells of Okachi prison and the jailers broke the bolts and let the 195 convicts free. Only two convicts attempted to escape, the others waiting in good order until marched to the high ground by their keepers. The good Père Raspail had just reached Kamaishi from his all-day walk of 50 miles over the mountains and entered his inn, when his assistant called to him from the street. The priest came to the veranda, but in an instant the water was upon him. He was seen later, swimming, but evidently was struck by timbers or swept out to sea, as his body has not been recovered. Japanese men-of-war cruised for a week off Kamaishi, recovering bodies daily. The Japanese system of census enumeration is so complete and minute that the name of every person who lost his life was soon known, and the Official Gazette was able to state that out of a population of 6,529 at Kamaishi 4,985 were lost and 500 injured, while 953 dwellings and 867 warehouses and other structures were destroyed or carried away, and 176 ships carried inland or swept out and lost.
The survivors were so stunned with the appalling disaster that few could do anything for themselves or others. With houses, nets, and fishing-boats carried away and the fish retreating to further and deeper waters, starvation faced them, and, the great heat continuing while so many bodies were strewn along shore and imprisoned in ruins, the atmosphere fast became poisonous. The north-coast people are opposed to cremation and insisted on earth burial, which delayed the disposal of the dead and augmented the danger of pestilence. Disinfectants were sent in quantity, and the work of recovery and burial was so pressing that soldiers were put to it after all available coolies had been impressed. The Red Cross Society, with its hospitals and nurses, had difficulty in caring for all the wounded, the greater number of whom, besides requiring surgical aid, were suffering from pneumonia and internal inflammations consequent upon their long exposure in wet clothing without shelter and from the brine, fish oil, and sand breathed in and swallowed while in the first tumult of waters. Besides the generous relief fund subscribed by the people, the government has made large assignments from its available funds and sent stores of provisions, clothing, tools, etc., to the 60,000 homeless, ruined, bereaved, and starving people of the San-Riku coast.
The wave was plainly felt two hours later on the shores of the island of Yesso, 200 miles north of the center of disturbance on the San-Riku coast, the water advancing 80 feet beyond high-tide mark on the beach at Hakodate. Eight hours later there was a great disturbance of the waters on the shores of the Bonin islands, more than 700 miles southward, the water rising three or four feet and retreating violently. Six hours later, on the shores of Kaui, the most northern of the Hawaiian islands, distant 3,390 miles, the waters receded violently and washed on shore in a wave some inches above the normal height.
The plainest inference has been that the great wave was the result of an eruption, explosion, or other disturbance in the bed of the sea, 500 or 600 miles off the San-Riku coast. The most popular theory is that it resulted from the caving-in of some part of the wall or bed of the great "Tuscarora Deep," one of the greatest depressions of the ocean bed in the world, discovered in 1874 by the present Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N., while in command of the U. S. S. Tuscarora, engaged in deep-sea surveys.
The "Tuscarora Deep" is nearly five and one-third statute miles in depth, being exceeded, so far as known, only by the still more profound depths discovered last year in the South Pacific by Commander A. F. Balfour, of the British Navy.
That disturbances were taking place in this tremendous abyss was again suggested at six o'clock on the morning of July 4, when the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's mail steamer Empress of Japan, sailing directly over it in a smooth sea, was shaken as if a propeller blade had been lost or the ship had struck an obstruction. Every one was roused by the peculiar shock, but no visible explanation was furnished. The destructive wave and this incident together should stimulate further investigation of this dangerous, bottomless pit of the Pacific ocean, which owes its discovery to United States explorers by deep-sea soundings.
Rhonda M. Martin
Destructive Leadership: The Aftermath of the Tempest
A healthy leader–follower relationship relies on trust, respect, competency, and commitment to the organization. A leader has the power to influence and shape the employee’s job experience and the organizational culture. Destructive leaders, however, abuse their power by using coercion to manipulate for personal gain, and employ fear as a motivator. The negative impacts of a leader’s destructive behaviors are detrimental and painful to the followers in an organization, and the long-term impact on corporate culture can be costly. Followers are pivotal to the success of good and bad leaders. In Dr. Martin’s study on the Millennial generation as followers, she found they were adversely affected by destructive leaders. Specifically, they felt devalued, participated in unethical behavior induced by fear, lost faith in the organization because it implicitly condoned leaders’ bad behaviors, or chose to retaliate against these leaders. Destructive leadership will perpetuate until followers and organizations stop enabling the destructive behaviors and take action by educating, training, and empowering the workforce to be active participants.
I correctly forecast single costliest natural disaster ever world wide in great detail.
On the evening of June 15, 1896, the northeast coast of Hondo, the main island of Japan, was struck by a great earthquake wave (tsunami), which was more destructive of life and property than any earthquake convulsion of this century in that empire. The whole coastline of the San-Riku, the three provinces of Rikuzen, Rikuchu, and Rikuoku, from the island of Kinkwazan, 38° 20' north, northward for 175 miles, was laid waste by a great wave moving from the east and south, that varied in recorded height from 10 to 50 feet. A few survivors, who saw it advancing in the darkness, report its height as 80 to 100 feet. With a difference of but thirty minutes in time between the southern and northern points, it struck the San-Riku coast and in a trice obliterated towns and villages, killed 26,975 people out of the original population, and grievously wounded the 5,390 survivors. It washed away and wrecked 9,313 houses, stranded some 300 larger craft—steamers, schooners, and junks—and crushed or carried away 10,000 fishing boats, destroying property to the value of six million yen. Thousands of acres of arable land were turned to wastes, projecting rocks offshore were broken, overturned, or moved hundreds of yards, shallows and bars were formed, and in some localities the entire shoreline was changed.
They were all seafaring communities along this coast strip and the fisheries were the chief industry. The shipment of sea products to the great ports was the main connection with the outer world. A high mountain range bars communication with the trunk railway line of the island, and this picturesque, fiord-cut coast is so remote and so isolated that only two foreigners had been seen in the region in ten years, with the exception of the French mission priest, Father Raspail, who lost his life in the flood. With telegraph offices, instruments, and operators carried away, word came slowly to Tokyo, and with 50 to 100 miles of mountain roads between the nearest railway station and the seacoast aid was long in reaching the wretched survivors. When adequate idea of the calamity reached the capital and the cities, men-of-war, soldiers, sappers, surgeons, and nurses were quickly dispatched, and public sympathy found expression in contributions through the different newspapers, amounting to more than 250,000 yen, for the relief of the injured. The Japanese journalist and photographer were quickly on their way, and the vernacular press soon fed the public full of horrors, yet the first to reach the scene of the disaster was an American missionary, the Rev. Rothesay Miller, who made the usual three days' trip over the mountains in less than a day and a half on his American bicycle.
There were old traditions of such earthquake waves on this coast, one of two centuries ago doing some damage, and a tsunami of forty years ago and a lesser one of 1892 flooding the streets of Kamaishi and driving people to upper floors and the roofs of their houses. The barometer gave no warning, no indication of any unusual conditions on June 15, and the occurrence of thirteen light earthquake shocks during the day excited no comment. Rain had fallen in the morning and afternoon, and with a temperature of 80° to 90° the damp atmosphere was very oppressive. The villagers on that remote coast adhered to the old calendar in observing their local fêtes and holidays, and on that fifth day of the fifth moon had been celebrating the Girls' Festival. Rain had driven them indoors with the darkness, and nearly all were in their houses at eight o'clock, when, with a rumbling as of heavy cannonading out at sea, a roar, and the crash and crackling of timbers, they were suddenly engulfed in the swirling waters. Only a few survivors on all that length of coast saw the advancing wave, one of them telling that the water first receded some 600 yards from ghastly white sands and then the Wave stood like a black wall 80 feet in height, with phosphorescent lights gleaming along its crest. Others, hearing a distant roar, saw a dark shadow seaward and ran to high ground, crying "Tsunami! tsunami!" Some who ran to the upper stories of their houses for safety were drowned, crushed, or imprisoned there, only a few breaking through the roofs or escaping after the water subsided.
Shallow water and outlying islands broke the force of the wave in some places, and in long, narrow inlets or fiords the giant roller was broken into two, three, and even six waves, that crashed upon the shore in succession. Ships and junks were carried one and two miles inland, left on hilltops, treetops, and in the midst of fields uninjured or mixed up with the ruins of houses, the rest engulfed or swept seaward. Where the wave entered a fiord or bay it bore everything along to the head of the ravine or valley and left the mass of debris in a heap at the end. Where the coast was low and faced the open ocean the wave washed in and, retreating, carried everything back with it. Many survivors, swept away by the waters, were cast ashore on outlying islands, or seized bits of wreckage and kept afloat. On the open coast the wave came and withdrew within five minutes, while in long inlets the waters boiled and surged for nearly a half hour before subsiding. The best swimmers were helpless in the first swirl of water, and nearly all the bodies recovered were frightfully battered and mutilated, rolled over and driven against rocks, struck by and crushed between timbers. The force of the wave cut down groves of large pine trees to short stumps, snapped thick granite posts of temple gates and carried the stone cross-beams 309 yards away. Many people were lost through running back to save others or to save their valuables.
One loyal schoolmaster carried the emperor's portrait to a place of safety before seeking out his own family. A half-demented soldier, retired since the late war and continually brooding on a possible attack by the enemy, became convinced that the first cannonading sound was from a hostile fleet, and, seizing his sword, ran down to the beach to meet the foe. One village officer, mistaking the sound of crashing timbers for crackling flames, ran to high ground to see where the fire was, and thus saved his life. Another village officer, living on the edge of a hill, heard the crash and slid his screens open to look upon foaming waters nearly level with his veranda. In a moment the waters disappeared, leaving a black, empty level where the populous village had been a few minutes before. Four women clung to one man, seeking to escape to high ground, and their combined weight resisting the force of the receding wave they were all saved. The only survivors of another village were eight men who had been playing the game of "go" in a hillside temple. Eight children floated away and left on high ground were believed to be the only survivors of one village, until one hundred people were found who had been borne across and stranded on the opposite shores of their bay. One hundred and fifty people were found cast away on one island offshore. From two large villages on one bay only thirty young men survived, hardy, muscular young fishermen and powerful swimmers, yet in other places the strongest perished, and the aged and infirm, cripples, and tiny children were miraculously preserved. The wave flooded the cells of Okachi prison and the jailers broke the bolts and let the 195 convicts free. Only two convicts attempted to escape, the others waiting in good order until marched to the high ground by their keepers. The good Père Raspail had just reached Kamaishi from his all-day walk of 50 miles over the mountains and entered his inn, when his assistant called to him from the street. The priest came to the veranda, but in an instant the water was upon him. He was seen later, swimming, but evidently was struck by timbers or swept out to sea, as his body has not been recovered. Japanese men-of-war cruised for a week off Kamaishi, recovering bodies daily. The Japanese system of census enumeration is so complete and minute that the name of every person who lost his life was soon known, and the Official Gazette was able to state that out of a population of 6,529 at Kamaishi 4,985 were lost and 500 injured, while 953 dwellings and 867 warehouses and other structures were destroyed or carried away, and 176 ships carried inland or swept out and lost.
The survivors were so stunned with the appalling disaster that few could do anything for themselves or others. With houses, nets, and fishing-boats carried away and the fish retreating to further and deeper waters, starvation faced them, and, the great heat continuing while so many bodies were strewn along shore and imprisoned in ruins, the atmosphere fast became poisonous. The north-coast people are opposed to cremation and insisted on earth burial, which delayed the disposal of the dead and augmented the danger of pestilence. Disinfectants were sent in quantity, and the work of recovery and burial was so pressing that soldiers were put to it after all available coolies had been impressed. The Red Cross Society, with its hospitals and nurses, had difficulty in caring for all the wounded, the greater number of whom, besides requiring surgical aid, were suffering from pneumonia and internal inflammations consequent upon their long exposure in wet clothing without shelter and from the brine, fish oil, and sand breathed in and swallowed while in the first tumult of waters. Besides the generous relief fund subscribed by the people, the government has made large assignments from its available funds and sent stores of provisions, clothing, tools, etc., to the 60,000 homeless, ruined, bereaved, and starving people of the San-Riku coast.
The wave was plainly felt two hours later on the shores of the island of Yesso, 200 miles north of the center of disturbance on the San-Riku coast, the water advancing 80 feet beyond high-tide mark on the beach at Hakodate. Eight hours later there was a great disturbance of the waters on the shores of the Bonin islands, more than 700 miles southward, the water rising three or four feet and retreating violently. Six hours later, on the shores of Kaui, the most northern of the Hawaiian islands, distant 3,390 miles, the waters receded violently and washed on shore in a wave some inches above the normal height.
The plainest inference has been that the great wave was the result of an eruption, explosion, or other disturbance in the bed of the sea, 500 or 600 miles off the San-Riku coast. The most popular theory is that it resulted from the caving-in of some part of the wall or bed of the great "Tuscarora Deep," one of the greatest depressions of the ocean bed in the world, discovered in 1874 by the present Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N., while in command of the U. S. S. Tuscarora, engaged in deep-sea surveys.
The "Tuscarora Deep" is nearly five and one-third statute miles in depth, being exceeded, so far as known, only by the still more profound depths discovered last year in the South Pacific by Commander A. F. Balfour, of the British Navy.
That disturbances were taking place in this tremendous abyss was again suggested at six o'clock on the morning of July 4, when the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's mail steamer Empress of Japan, sailing directly over it in a smooth sea, was shaken as if a propeller blade had been lost or the ship had struck an obstruction. Every one was roused by the peculiar shock, but no visible explanation was furnished. The destructive wave and this incident together should stimulate further investigation of this dangerous, bottomless pit of the Pacific ocean, which owes its discovery to United States explorers by deep-sea soundings.