View allAll Photos Tagged Deflectors
PLEASE, NO invitations or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
Problem is the lighthouse is on private land of the High Liner fish plant there. I had tried to get permission before but was denied. So this time I hiked through swamps and very heavy bush to get this shot, waiting to get caught by security. At one point a deer was only 2 meters (10 ft) a way looking me in the face, it and three others ran off, it scared the crap out of me. They were gone so fast I could not get a picture.
The bird like things on the top of the lighthouse, I am not positive what they are but could be radar deflectors.
There has been a lighthouse in this location since 1864.
Location: Outer end of breakwater, east side of Lunenburg
Operating: This light is operational
Began and Lit: 1951
Structure Type: Tapered square wood tower, white
Light Characteristic: Fixed Red (1992)
Light Height: 7.6m (25ft) feet above water level
I have never got a good picture of this lighthouse before to put in my lighthouse book, it will be put in for the next printing.
www.blurb.com/b/6537099-eastern-canadian-lighthouses-and-...
I present to you my take on one of the lesser known imperial vehicles, the 1-L Repulsortank, the cheapest repulsortank in the empires arsenal. This tank implemented sloped armour to deflect heavy enemy blaster fire and a Mark 3/S Medium Blaster Canon that would shred rebel infantry and if deployed in squads could easily punch through enemy AFVs.
More Info and instructions can be found with the link below,
rebrickable.com/mocs/MOC-143323/Wiktor%20Radomski/1-l-rep...
The lack of an exhaust deflector on the power car dates this to quite early in HST history as the departure for Bristol passes Ranelagh Bridge SP.
Sea defence wall with a curved face to deflect and reduce the kinetic energy contained in the waves.
Another visit to Eccles on sea on a damp and overcast cold day, this time with the Panasonic G80 and Olympus 25mm f/1.8 (50mm FF equivalent field of view) lens.
At an undisclosed location, Corlander troops have erected a Martello Tower to defend against potential rival powers and hostile natives.
The powerful tower houses 8 cannon on the artillery level and a half company of infantry can man the upper battlements. The rounded shape of the tower is designed to deflect cannon shot.
A freebuild for Brethren of the Brick Seas.
For the Flickr Friday Group. This weeks theme, "Magnetic".
Made me think of those lines from that 'old movie'.
"We're passing through their magnetic field, hold tight. Switch your deflectors on, double front."
For me, definitely an element of Transformers to this building. I was particularly intrigued by this structure at the top and learned that it is a stainless steel reflector which deflects sunlight downwards to filter light throughout the building.
ASB North Wharf is an award-winning, seven-level office building which was developed by Kiwi Property for ASB Bank, completed in 2013. The waterfront location and striking architecture have made it a landmark on the cityscape.
From ASB North Wharf main page....
'Every aspect of the 5 Green Star-rated building is designed to reduce energy consumption and enhance the wellbeing of its occupants. Natural ventilation is provided via a vast funnel-shaped cavity which draws warm air up and outwards through automated louvres. The louvres open and close in response to wind direction and temperature to maintain a stable internal temperature. Cleverly designed sun shades on the windows decrease the amount of direct sunlight pouring in to the building making it hot. These features combined reduce ASB’s energy use by 50%'.
© All rights reserved.
If Jemaa el Fna remains the place par excellence of entertainment, it is of much more mercantile forms under the pressure of modernization and a constant tourist growth. Is that, wanting to preserve the oral heritage of the place, Unesco awkwardly stepping up its tourist attraction. The actors are being deflected from their own purpose or may not practice their activity according to tradition. Double-edged consecration
Taken @Djemaa el Fna, Marrakesh, Morocco, North Africa
Two of Electro-Motive's finest begin their overnight rest until the morning commuters to Hoboken. They were hauling Stillwell coaches from the 1920s-1930s at this time.
Beautiful fresh paint on the 830! And notice the bug deflectors above the headlights on both units.
Ektachrome X.
Can that be an EL Geep still in black paint over on the far left? Photo coming soon!
Large photo! Left-click on the image to zoom and pan.
We were just returning from a political mission when the master and I felt a disturbance in the force. At the same moment our soldiers raised their weapons and pointed them at us. My Master immediately activated his lightsaber and began deflecting the shots coming our way. He told me to run and so I did, I felt that this was probably the last moment in which I would see him. The clones turned from friends into our enemies in seconds, I didn't know what was happening, I was scared. After a while I met one of our soldiers on my way, who in a split second without thinking pointed at me and started shooting. I quickly drew my lightsaber and deflected several of his shots, this was the first time I had to defend myself from someone I was fighting side by side. I stepped closer to him and struck the fatal blow. Then I heard the words:
- There he is!!!
- Kill him now!!!
The words came from behind me, I turned around and saw a small squad of 5 men who wanted nothing more than to kill me.
Just like my master told me to do, I started running as fast as I could without looking back.
All I wanted at that moment was to get to the escape pod alive.
Hey guys,
This is my Dark Times application.
Hope u like it
On the morning of 1st January 2002, deflector-less 'QJ' Class 2-10-2 No.3135 came onto the servicing point alongside the China Rail main station and freight yard for disposal and subsequent attention. It had been seen up until the previous day in a stationary heating role alongside the Changan workshops, where a loco in dubious mechanical condition appeared to be retained during the cold winter months. The work-worn and rusty machine is having its ash pan cleared out by two shed labourers at the north end of the yard, prior to it moving onto the main servicing point, the young fireman walking ahead to seek authority for the Datong works 1980-built loco to move forward.
© Gordon Edgar - All rights reserved. Please do not use my images without my explicit permission
In extreme sub-zero conditions, high deflector-fitted 'JS' 2-8-2 No.8040 moves off shed at Songshuzen at 7.35am on 11th January 2001. It would be turned on the shed turntable, an unusual feature for China Rail depots, before taking the morning freight service to Baihe, along with sister loco 8208. The limited space here, with a steep-sided hill alongside the depot and railway, prevented the installation of a triangle, usually preferred by China Rail for turning locos. Built at Datong works in 1987, the 'JS' was merely 14 years old when photographed here. Withdrawn from China Rail service within a year of this, it remarkably found further service in idustry, at the Sandaoling opencast mine in the north west of China, losing its deflectors in the process.
A scanned medium format Fuji Provia medium format transparency
© Gordon Edgar - All rights reserved. Please do not use my images without my explicit permission
According to Earle O. Brown of McMurray, Pennsylvania, who specializes in the 1936-’48 L-series Zephyr and Continental, parts are readily available for rebuilding, and upgrading, the V-12. Modern rings and aluminum pistons can solve oil-burning issues, and water pump deflector plates can help the engine keep its cool, making the 12 as trouble-free as its makers intended.
USS Enterprise NCC-1701-E. 1/1400 AMT scale model with Tenacontrols flasher board, Paragrafix PE, ST Modeler, and Acreation aztec decals, and my own LED lighting system for windows, deflector and engines. Runs on a 12V DC wall adapter.
JS 5546 passing the depot at Sujiatun light engine. There were a number of this class with full smoke deflectors allocated to the Shenyang area at this time.
So this has been something that kept me occupied a couple of weeks ago. I've been at the Star trek lately...Over a year actually, and I've finally managed to build a star ship.
I have named her the USS Santa Monica. No idea why, I have no connections to the place and I only really chose the name because it popped into my head one day. I usually suck at names, so naturally I grabbed this one and didn't let go. Doesn't have an NCC number cos I've no idea how they work, and I'd probably wind up picking one that already had a ship anyway.
So, what can I say about the ship....Well for starters, it's based loosely on the USS Discovery, as that's the latest Star trek I've been watching. The only bit that comes from Discovery is the secondary hull being a triangle. Also the deflector dish and lights at the sides, as you'll see in the other images.
I made it mainly white so it could fit in around the same time as the original series, but probably a bit after.
And I think that about wraps things up, otherwise I'll start rambling. Just this once, I'm uploading five pictures at the same time, this one and four others showing different angles and the like.
As always, please lemme know what you think :D
With the DBSO leading, 1T28 1140 Aberdeen to Glasgow Queen Street hurtles towards Balmossie. Note the lack of deflector on the DBSO, this was well before the tragic accident at Polmont.
12th December 1981
One of the 1200 or so German 'Kreigsloks' that end up working on the Polish state railways, Ty2 998 (with the less common 'skyline' smoke deflectors) was seen on Sierpc shed on 28 July 1977.
img553_Ty2 998_Sierpc_1600_edit
The Large Heath butterfly (Coenonympha tullia) is a scarce inhabitant of wet bogs and mosses in northern Britain. Most British butterflies get rarer as you progress northwards but this is one of just a handful that do the opposite, as it is absent from southern England and commonest in Scotland. The main vegetation in the bogs it inhabits is Sphagnum mosses and Cotton-grass but there are also usually lots Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix) on which this one perched. These butterflies are very variable in the size and number of eyespots, and the overall colouration. In northern Scotland they are predominantly pale with few, small eyespots whereas in South Cumbria, Lancashire and Shropshire they are predominantly darker, with numerous large eyespots, like this one. In between the populations are also "in-between" in terms of colouration, spot size and the number of spots. The eyespots deflect the pecks of insectivorous creatures away from the vulnerable body. But that only works if the temperature is warm enough for the butterfly to fly off. If it is cold weather, the predator (usually a Meadow Pipit) just keeps on pecking until it finds the tasty bit. In these situations eyespots become a liability as they might actually attract attention in the first place. This explains why the spots get smaller and fewer in number as you progress northwards. This individual is of the heavily spotted form and was photographed in Lancashire. I was pleased with the bubbly bokeh background.
Gresley A3 Pacific No. 60061 Pretty Polly of Kings Cross nearing Wortley South Junction, Leeds, on a morning express from Kings Cross to Leeds Central on Saturday 20 May 1961. Originally built as an A1, it was reboilered as an A3 in 1944 and fitted with a double chimney in October 1958. However, due to problems with drifting exhaust it was one of only four A3s to be fitted with small wing deflectors before the majority of the A3s were subsequently fitted with the larger trough style deflectors.
Brand spanking new from General Motors Electro-Motive Division, Alaska Railroad ordered four GP49's and they made several round trips between Chicago and Seattle on Burlington Northern Railroad before being loaded on the barge and sent up to the 49th state. Seen here passing the Kingdome and King Street Station these units were used on priority intermodal trains between the South Seattle HUB facility and Chicago's Cicero HUB facility. These units seemed to have every imaginable option available from EMD at the time including L-shaped engineer's windshield, Mars light, exhaust deflectors, dynamic braking and I believe adhesion software which Burlington Northern was quite interested in testing as they were also contemplating new power purchases at the time. Photo taken SEP 11, 1983.
Biscuit trying to deflect a wild-child assault from Treacle.
Biscuit & Treacle have grown up together, he's about a month older, she's my mum's dog but we live together.
They play a little at home, like they are still babies, but Biscuit really isn't as into as Treacle is, actually Saxon is more likely to engage in a game of chase :-)
I uploaded a little video of their off-lead escapades from this trip if you're interested, it's on my photostream :-)
High deflector-fitted 'JS' 2-8-2 No.8040 moves off shed at Songshuzen at 7.35am on 11th January 2001. It would be turned on the shed turntable, an unusual feature for China Rail depots, before taking the morning freight service to Baihe, along with sister loco 8208. The limited space here, with a steep-sided hill alongside the depot and railway, prevented the usual triangle preferred by China Rail from being installed. Built at Datong works in 1987, the 'JS' it was merely 14 years old when I photographed it at Songshuzen. Withdrawn from China Rail service within a year of this, it found further service at the Sandaoling opencast mine in the north west of China, losing its deflectors in the process.
© Gordon Edgar - All rights reserved. Please do not use my images without my explicit permission
Any clues, folks? Hint: It's related to something many Germans are craving for. :)
Added: It's a field with Asparagus - especially the thick white Asparagus which is preferred in Germany. To get white Asparagus you have to prevent the spear from reaching daylight. Therefore mounds of soil are built above the roots of the plants. The spears are cut ("stabbed") below the surface once the top of the spear is peeking out of the mound.
Some of the mounds are covered with foils to regulate the pace of growth: dark foils attract warmth into the soil, thus accelerating growth while light foils are deflecting warmth, thus delaying growth (Albedo effect). So, with the tools of foils the season of harvest is getting longer.
Video of harvesting white Asparagus (wikipedia):
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/20120511Sparg...
Pulling Gs and spewing purple flames. Take a look inside the afterburners of the GE F404 turbofan engines! The all-moving stabilators, also called slab stabilizers, are deflected for nose-up pitch.
Categories:
McDonnell Douglas - F-18 Horne - Spanish Air Force - BIAS - BIAS 2016
Collections:
Body: Canon EOS 750D (T6i)
Lens: Canon 18-55mm STM
Reverse adapter: Neewer NW-C-UP ( same as Meike MK-C-UP )
A 55mm safety filter is super-glued in front to avoid tiny insects/dust from getting in.
Diffuser is a disposable styrofoam bowl partly scissored off. A circle cutter was used to precision cut the opening to tightly fit on Neewer adapter. Pretty flimsy, but I make new ones in a minute and the bowls costs only 100pcs per USD
A 4.5 inch long rubber band is used to keep the internal flash deflected downward.
Notes:
The weight of the entire setup is 1000gms (2.2lbs) well suited for hand-held shooters like me.
This setup fills frame with objects sized in range of 4.65mm-23.4mm with working distance approximately from 13mm to 75mm. See first comment for a magnification chart
www.flickr.com/photos/ansk/31303032691/#comment7215767344....
The adapter is solidly made, supports auto function but unfortunately doesn't have a thread to fit a safety filter.
The STM version of 18-55m has internal focus while the IS II version will rotate on focus.
The filter thread of this STM lens is plastic and has to support its own weight and also a part of the adapter. Any bump/fall will easily damage it.
Internal flash is decent. I use +2 stops of flash compensation, though. The flash recycle time is awful.
Image stabilization is OFF, Autofocus is ON.. but I use back-button focus.
If image is everything, why does this fantastic car have such a detrimental affect on one's hair?
Delkin Fat Gecko mounted on the glass wind deflector behind the passenger headreast on this gorgeous Audi R8 Spyder.
Special thanks to deanphoto for the long term loan of his Nikon 10.5mm fisheye. It's a specialist lens for sure but I seem to keep finding great places to use it. Cheers matey :)
Thanks also to Chichester City Council for replacing their horrible orange street lamps with tungsten bulbs making the colour balance for this shot an absolute dream. Straight out of camera.
Make sure you check out my other driving shots and head to the light junkies group for my tutorial on how to do this for yourself.
6233 was outshopped in July 1938 from Crewe Works and was part of the third batch of her class. These were unstreamlined, painted in LMS standard crimson lake livery and had a single chimney and no smoke deflectors and an estimated cost of £13,800 each.
6233 was initially allocated to Camden, London. It acquired a double chimney in March 1941 and because of drifting smoke acquired smoke deflectors in September 1945 before being painted in postwar LMS black livery in September 1946. With the creation of British Railways on 1 January 1948 it was allocated to Crewe North depot. BR renumbered the locomotive to 46233 in October 1948 and repainted it in BR Brunswick green livery in 1952 or early 1953. In June 1958 it was allocated to Carlisle Upperby before eventually being withdrawn from Edge Hill depot in February 1964. During its 25 years service Duchess of Sutherland ran 1,650,000 miles - the second highest mileage by any member of the class.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMS_Princess_Coronation_Class_6233_...
A Coastal Seawall Deflects the Ocean's Energy
Dare County, Coastal North Carolina
Accessed via the Outer Banks Coastal Byway (NC-12)
Date taken: October 22, 2014
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One of the consolation prizes of photographing the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse down at Old Lighthouse Beach is the presence of a secondary subject should you lose interest in your primary! This is the Buxton Jetty, a steel groin that was installed to buy some time from the encroaching sea until the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse could be moved to its present day position. Hard structures like this seawall are prohibited from North Carolina coasts (this was a special permit case). It's often explained that waves running uninhibited up the beach expend the majority of their energy and thus, have little to carry sand back into the sea. On the other hand, waves that crash into sea walls retain their energy and have the ability to grab far more sand on their return trip back into the sea. This makes two distinct sides to any hard erosion-control structure--one that accretes sand and the other that erodes sand. This is the erosive side, with the shore scoured considerably (the sand elevation on the topside is just higher than the wall itself). In other words, hard structures are temporary stop gaps that rob sand from one location to save another, in this case, the previous shoreline location of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse.
To read a bit more about my adventures photographing the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse this past October, check out my blog HERE!
Whichever way you look at it, the stripped down QJ without it's smoke deflectors was quite a mean looking machine. This one was whiling away the afternoon looking at it's reflection in a murky puddle on the northern reaches of the Pingdingshan system in Henan Province, central China. January 2006. © David Hill.
MH-20A "Isbeck” Heavy Assault Frame
Another heavily-modified version of a stolen design, the Isbeck concentrates OSC's best energy-based combat systems into one frame. The on-board power cell fuels the integrated plasma blade, as well as shoulder-mounted EM shield units capable of deflecting or dissipating incoming kinetic/energy threats. The plasma rifle mounts its own power cell for sustained firing.
Equipment:
- Twin-core plasma rifle
- Forearm plasma blade
- 2 EM shield projectors
Credit:
T Liu (Drazelic): Heavily based on elements of several frames, mostly the Tenkafubu (www.flickr.com/photos/128537260@N02/34073542741)
Dave: Hey Bru, what are you doing?
Bruno: Isn't it half evident?
Dave: Are you being clever or are you deflecting the question?
Bruno: I think it's more like telling half of the story.
Dave: Doesn't this leave the photo a little half empty?
Bruno: I do prefer to think of everything as half full.
Dave: So I'm just going to assume that you're only expecting half a biscuit as a reward for doing this photo.
Bruno: Nope. Full cookie. Just because the photo is only half full doesn't mean we shouldn't completely empty to cookie jar.
Dave: This conversation is starting to sound half baked.
Bruno: I can't imagine anything more delicious.
--------
It turns out that half a Bruno may be just as adorable as a full Bruno. Taken both as his 52 weeks shot and as a Studio 26 tribute to Alek's photo of Lady at the red door (linked in comments). I don't have a red door, but we do have a red wall.
" Earth is constantly bombarded with debris, radiation and other magnetic waves from space. Most of the time, the planet's own magnetic field does an excellent job of deflecting these potentially harmful rays and particles, including those from the sun.
Particles discharged from the sun travel 93 million miles (around 150 million km) toward Earth before they are drawn irresistibly toward the magnetic north and south poles. As the particles pass through the Earth's magnetic shield, they mingle with atoms and molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and other elements that result in the dazzling display of lights in the sky.
The colors most often associated with the aurora borealis are pink, green, yellow, blue, violet, and occasionally orange and white. Typically, when the particles collide with oxygen, yellow and green are produced. Interactions with nitrogen produce red, violet, and occasionally blue colors.
The type of collision also makes a difference to the colors that appear in the sky: atomic nitrogen causes blue displays, while molecular nitrogen results in purple. The colors are also affected by altitude. The green lights typically in areas appear up to 150 miles (241 km) high, red above 150 miles; blue usually appears at up to 60 miles (96.5 km); and purple and violet above 60 miles.
These lights may manifest as a static band of light, or, when the solar flares are particularly strong, as a dancing curtain of ever-changing color."
--PondScapes ---
What I ponder in the Pond
I see in my eye
Reflecting this, then that
Deflecting matter and light
Ringing Bright and Night.
---Mike 08/13/2007
Greenville Mill Pond, NH
Here's another one of those aurora shots from the plane when flying home from Iceland.
When charged particles from the sun (solar wind) strike atoms in Earth's atmosphere, they cause electrons in the atoms to move to a higher-energy state. When the electrons drop back to a lower energy state, they release a photon: light. This process creates the beautiful aurora, or northern lights.
Earth has a magnetic field which stretches out for thousands of kilometres into space. It's this magnetic field that deflects harmful solar wind towards the poles. Without this deflective magnetic field the solar wind would simply strip the atmosphere from our planet, killing all life on Earth. It's a natural defence mechanism protecting us from the devastating effects of our Sun.
To sit there and witness this from this point of view was really fucking awesome. A dream come true.
Sir Lamiel minus smoke deflectors with a northbound Cumbrian Mountain express after the Appleby water stop.
Henrietta Maria of France, Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (25 November[1] 1609 – 10 September 1669) was the consort of Charles I.
She was the mother of two kings, Charles II and James II, and was grandmother to Mary II, William III, and Anne of Great Britain.
Henriette-Marie de France was born the daughter of the King of France and Navarre, Henry IV; her mother was the Italian Marie de Medici and was the second consort of Henry IV. As the daughter of the king, she was a Fille de France. She was the youngest sister of the future King Louis XIII of France. Her father was killed before she was under a year old in Paris on 14 May 1610; her mother was banished from the royal court in 1617. From birth she was a member of the House of Bourbon, Maison de Bourbon in French.
She was born at the Palais du Louvre on 25 November 1609, but some historians give her a birthdate of 26 November. In England, where the Julian calendar was still in use, her date of birth is often recorded as 16 November. Henrietta Maria was brought up as a Roman Catholic.
After her older sister Christine Marie of France married the Sovereign Duke of Savoy in 1619, Henriette Marie took on the highly prestigious style of Madame Royale; this style was used by the most senior royal princess at the French court.
She first met her future husband while he was travelling to Spain to arrange a marriage with the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain; Charles met Henriette Marie in Paris en route. The trip however ended badly as the Spanish King Philip III demanded that Charles convert to Roman Catholicism and remain in Spain for a year after the wedding as a sort of hostage to ensure England's compliance with all the terms of the treaty. Charles was outraged, and upon their return in October, he and Buckingham demanded that King James declare war on Spain.
Charles then looked elsewhere for a bride. He looked to France where the attractive Henriette Marie lived at the court of her brother and was still unmarried by 1625.
This made her an unpopular choice of wife for the English King Charles I of England, whom she married by proxy on 11 May 1625, shortly after his accession to the throne.
They were married in person at St. Augustine's Church, Canterbury, Kent, on 13 June 1625. However, her religion made it impossible for her to be crowned with her husband in an Anglican service. Initially their relationship was rather frigid. Henrietta Maria had brought a large and expensive retinue with her from France, all of them Roman Catholic. It is said that eventually Charles sent them home to France, only allowing his teenage bride to retain her chaplain and confessor, Robert Phillip, and two ladies in waiting. Finding her sadly watching the retinue depart for France at the window of a palace, Charles angrily and forcibly dragged his wayward queen away.[citation needed]
Charles had intended to marry Maria Anna, a daughter of Philip III of Spain, but a mission to Spain in 1623 had failed. Perhaps this earlier disappointment explains why relations with his French bride were strained; every time the couple met, they started arguing and would separate, not seeing each other for weeks. When next they met, again they had to separate, because they could not stop arguing.
Henrietta Maria took an immediate dislike to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, the King's favourite. However, after Buckingham's death in August 1628, her relationship with her husband, Charles I, improved and they finally forged deep bonds of love and affection. Her refusal to give up her Catholic faith alienated her from many of the people and certain powerful courtiers such as William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury and Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. Charles, on the other hand, had definite leanings towards Catholicism, and, once he had reached maturity, did not share his father's sexual ambivalence.
Henrietta Maria increasingly took part in national affairs as the country moved towards open conflict through the 1630s. She despised Puritan courtiers to deflect a diplomatic approach to Spain and sought a coup to pre-empt the Parliamentarians. As war approached she was active in seeking funds and support for her husband, but her concentration on Catholic sources like Pope Urban VIII and the French angered many in England and hindered Charles' efforts. She was also sympathetic to her fellow Catholics and even gave a requiem in her private chapel at Somerset House for Father Richard Blount, S.J. upon his death in 1638.
In August 1642, when the conflict began, she was in Europe. She continued to raise money for the Royalist cause, and did not return to England until early 1643. She landed at Bridlington in Yorkshire with troops and arms, and joined the Royalist forces in northern England, making her headquarters at York. She remained with the army in the north for some months before rejoining the King at Oxford. The collapse of the king's position following Scottish intervention on the side of Parliament, and his refusal to accept stringent terms for a settlement led her to flee to France with her sons in July 1644. Charles was executed in 1649, leaving her almost destitute.
She settled in Paris, appointing as her chancellor the eccentric Sir Kenelm Digby. She angered both Royalists in exile and her eldest son by attempting to convert her youngest son, Henry, to Catholicism. She returned to England following the Restoration in October 1660 and lived as 'Dowager Queen' and 'Queen Mother' at Somerset House in London until 1665 when she returned permanently to France.
After her son's restoration she returned to England where Pepys, on 22 November 1660, met her and described her as a 'very little plain old woman, and nothing more in her presence in any respect nor garb than any ordinary woman'.
Her financial problems were resolved by a generous pension. She founded a convent at Chaillot, where she settled.
In 1661 she saw her youngest daughter Henrietta Anne[2] marry the Duke of Orléans, only sibling of Louis XIV; that marriage made Henrietta Maria the maternal line great grand mother of Louis XV of France and as such, an ancestor of the present Juan Carlos I of Spain, as well as the Duke of Parma and reigning Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
Henrietta Maria died at Château de Colombes, and was buried in the royal tombs at Royal Basilica of Saint Denis near Paris. Her son in law the Duke of Orléans was buried there in 1701.
Henrietta Maria of France, Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (25 November[1] 1609 – 10 September 1669) was the consort of Charles I.
She was the mother of two kings, Charles II and James II, and was grandmother to Mary II, William III, and Anne of Great Britain.
Henriette-Marie de France was born the daughter of the King of France and Navarre, Henry IV; her mother was the Italian Marie de Medici and was the second consort of Henry IV. As the daughter of the king, she was a Fille de France. She was the youngest sister of the future King Louis XIII of France. Her father was killed before she was under a year old in Paris on 14 May 1610; her mother was banished from the royal court in 1617. From birth she was a member of the House of Bourbon, Maison de Bourbon in French.
She was born at the Palais du Louvre on 25 November 1609, but some historians give her a birthdate of 26 November. In England, where the Julian calendar was still in use, her date of birth is often recorded as 16 November. Henrietta Maria was brought up as a Roman Catholic.
After her older sister Christine Marie of France married the Sovereign Duke of Savoy in 1619, Henriette Marie took on the highly prestigious style of Madame Royale; this style was used by the most senior royal princess at the French court.
She first met her future husband while he was travelling to Spain to arrange a marriage with the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain; Charles met Henriette Marie in Paris en route. The trip however ended badly as the Spanish King Philip III demanded that Charles convert to Roman Catholicism and remain in Spain for a year after the wedding as a sort of hostage to ensure England's compliance with all the terms of the treaty. Charles was outraged, and upon their return in October, he and Buckingham demanded that King James declare war on Spain.
Charles then looked elsewhere for a bride. He looked to France where the attractive Henriette Marie lived at the court of her brother and was still unmarried by 1625.
This made her an unpopular choice of wife for the English King Charles I of England, whom she married by proxy on 11 May 1625, shortly after his accession to the throne.
They were married in person at St. Augustine's Church, Canterbury, Kent, on 13 June 1625. However, her religion made it impossible for her to be crowned with her husband in an Anglican service. Initially their relationship was rather frigid. Henrietta Maria had brought a large and expensive retinue with her from France, all of them Roman Catholic. It is said that eventually Charles sent them home to France, only allowing his teenage bride to retain her chaplain and confessor, Robert Phillip, and two ladies in waiting. Finding her sadly watching the retinue depart for France at the window of a palace, Charles angrily and forcibly dragged his wayward queen away.[citation needed]
Charles had intended to marry Maria Anna, a daughter of Philip III of Spain, but a mission to Spain in 1623 had failed. Perhaps this earlier disappointment explains why relations with his French bride were strained; every time the couple met, they started arguing and would separate, not seeing each other for weeks. When next they met, again they had to separate, because they could not stop arguing.
Henrietta Maria took an immediate dislike to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, the King's favourite. However, after Buckingham's death in August 1628, her relationship with her husband, Charles I, improved and they finally forged deep bonds of love and affection. Her refusal to give up her Catholic faith alienated her from many of the people and certain powerful courtiers such as William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury and Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. Charles, on the other hand, had definite leanings towards Catholicism, and, once he had reached maturity, did not share his father's sexual ambivalence.
Henrietta Maria increasingly took part in national affairs as the country moved towards open conflict through the 1630s. She despised Puritan courtiers to deflect a diplomatic approach to Spain and sought a coup to pre-empt the Parliamentarians. As war approached she was active in seeking funds and support for her husband, but her concentration on Catholic sources like Pope Urban VIII and the French angered many in England and hindered Charles' efforts. She was also sympathetic to her fellow Catholics and even gave a requiem in her private chapel at Somerset House for Father Richard Blount, S.J. upon his death in 1638.
In August 1642, when the conflict began, she was in Europe. She continued to raise money for the Royalist cause, and did not return to England until early 1643. She landed at Bridlington in Yorkshire with troops and arms, and joined the Royalist forces in northern England, making her headquarters at York. She remained with the army in the north for some months before rejoining the King at Oxford. The collapse of the king's position following Scottish intervention on the side of Parliament, and his refusal to accept stringent terms for a settlement led her to flee to France with her sons in July 1644. Charles was executed in 1649, leaving her almost destitute.
She settled in Paris, appointing as her chancellor the eccentric Sir Kenelm Digby. She angered both Royalists in exile and her eldest son by attempting to convert her youngest son, Henry, to Catholicism. She returned to England following the Restoration in October 1660 and lived as 'Dowager Queen' and 'Queen Mother' at Somerset House in London until 1665 when she returned permanently to France.
After her son's restoration she returned to England where Pepys, on 22 November 1660, met her and described her as a 'very little plain old woman, and nothing more in her presence in any respect nor garb than any ordinary woman'.
Her financial problems were resolved by a generous pension. She founded a convent at Chaillot, where she settled.
In 1661 she saw her youngest daughter Henrietta Anne[2] marry the Duke of Orléans, only sibling of Louis XIV; that marriage made Henrietta Maria the maternal line great grand mother of Louis XV of France and as such, a descendant of the present Juan Carlos I of Spain, as well as the Duke of Parma and reigning Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
Henrietta Maria died at Château de Colombes, and was buried in the royal tombs at Royal Basilica of Saint Denis near Paris. Her son in law the Duke of Orléans was buried there in 1701.