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Webster's photo was taken through the window in Southern New Jersey USA
© All Rights Reserved - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of Frozen in Time photos by Marianne.Unauthorized use or reproduction for any reason is prohibited.
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From the play at the pavilion
" exploring how to create mythical settings out of throwaway materials and investing marginal objects and materials with significance and beauty, creating images out of the materials we have at hand."
the making of: www.flickr.com/photos/kristynoble/3826976689/in/pool-1177...
Created based on the Brick Builder's Pro (L.G. Orlando), “Town Street” (1 of a set of 4 building instructions from those aftermarket instructions), the “Bay Window Brokers” part was used to map out the basics of this set. The original instruction only depicts a set of essentially 2 boxes, set one on top of the other, with no stairs or other connection other than being on top of the other.
My depiction, provides 8 additional more studs of store front, stairs to the second floor, and some amenities.
An old photo, looked at again. Of course I've warmed the colours because they make me feel more cheery.
Mini Midi 2010 Shanghai
Mini Midi was created in 2005 as the experimental stage of the MIDI Music Festival in Beijing’s Haidian Park.
The fourth Mini Midi festival took place on May 1-3, 2008, at Beijing’s Drive-In Theater, with the theme “Noise Is Free.” The program included discussions, outdoor and indoor discussions, sonic games, special electronic music and DJ performances, film screenings, massages, and fried cakes. Participants hailed from the UK, Germany, Switzerland, Japan, Korea, as well as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and mainland China. With sound artists crowding the stage and over one thousand participants, the event was a sound carnival.
Mini Midi is not only a music festival; it is a sound action gathering, a sonic amusement, a daydream. Mini Midi is a living organism, listening to every person it meets, and making sound together.
This event is a part of MIDI Festival
Curated and organized by Sub Jam (www.subjam.org) (www.minimidi.cn)
Organizer: Beijing Midi Productions (www.midimidi.cn)
Local organizing: Junyuan
Support: Yang Ge and Caotang (www.douban.com/group/caotang/)
Support: Art World magazine (www.yishushijie.com), O Art Center (www.oartcenter.com)
Program
May 1st:
Pm 8; Caotang (Dongjing Street 31, Zhujiajiao, Shanghai; TEL: 15221361365); ticket 50rmb (80 for two days)
Mafeisan, Walnut Room, Ben Houge, Anthony Carcone (from ETC)，Jacques Foschia (from ETC), Juanyuan (from MTDM)
May 2nd:
Pm 8; Caotang (Dongjing Street 31, Zhujiajiao, Shanghai; TEL: 15221361365); ticket 50rmb (80 for two days)
Yan Jun, Justin Sebastian, DFF (from ETC), Feng Hao, Li Zenghui + Junky (from Torturing Nurse)
May 3rd:
Pm 5-pm7, pm 8- pm 12; MAO (building 32, Huaihai Xilu 570, Changning, Shanghai; TEL：021-5258 9999), ticket 80rmb
Fakemistress + *LLND, Walnut Room + Tao Yi (from MTDM), Ben Houge + Justin Sebastian，Junyuan + Anthony Carcone (from ETC) + Jacques Foschia (from ETC), Xu Cheng (from Torturing Nurse) + Shu Qi, Yan Jun + DFF (from ETC), Mai Xiao Guo Da Shi (+Junyuan + Yan Jun), Junky (from Torturing Nurse) + Mafeisan, Li Jianhong solo
May 4th:
pm7:00; O Art Center (Art World magazine, Panyu Lu 888, Shanghai); ticket 50rmb
Feng Hao, Li Zenghui, Mafeisan, Yan Jun, Junyuan (from MTEM), Mai Xiao Guo Da Shi, Disfigurement Activities Room (Shu Qi + Menthae), Junky (from Torturing Nurse)
artist list
Artists from Beijing: Feng Hao, Mafeisan, Li Zenghui, Walnut Room (Feng Hao + Li Zenghui), Yan Jun
Artists from Shanghai: Junyuan, Torturing Nurse, Shu Qi, Mai Xiao Guo Da Shi, Ben Houge (US), LLND (FR), Justin Sebastian (DE)
Artist from Hangzhou: Li Jianghong
Artists from abroad: Fakemistress (DE)，Anthony Carcone (UK) and Jacques Foschia (BE) and DFF (US) from ETC
Feng Hao
Feng Hao is a Beijing based experimental music artists, also known as DJ Strausss that are his aliases used in his various projects and creative styles including noise,experimental music,sound collage, performance& video art ect.He is also a member of experimental band Walnut Room and N4A. In 2007, he release main album named Sound. His collage work Pleasure been selected in 1994-2004 China Avant-Guard Music by UBUWEB. Single Track ParaREM been selected in VA:2 by BrainWave Communication Records.He performed in exprimental music concert series Waterland Kwanyin , Art Beijing2006, Get It Louder 2007 (Beijing), MINI MIDI Festival (2006, 2007), Sally Can't Dance Festival (2008, 2009) ect.
Work:
2007 release main album 'Sound'.
2007 Ten Joint Array
2007 single track'Pleasure' in VA album'1997-2007 China Comportory Expermental Music',UBUWEB
2007 'Ring Society',Sound&Performance
Website:
Mafeisan
China, In early 2005, appears a NOJIJI tribal representative band.
Excluded all the qualitative appreciation of thinking and customary manufacturing methods; refused to compromise the truth of groups; lonely and ugly and foul licentiousness Color; otherwise not allowed to watch;
Their site can give people the central nervous speed signal transduction, inhibit anxiety, promote the secretion of adrenaline and gas field caused by intense re-thinking. They will gather thought directed at the solution, restructuring, and in an instant release, and from the gas field to show tremendous energy.
www.douban.com/artist/mafeisan/
Li Zenghui
Li Zenghui Male, born in Qingdao in 1983, relocated in Beijing in 2007. He is the most promising star in China’s free music/avant-jazz realm.Saxophone player, poet, voice experimenter.He had found indie/experimental rock band “the Tipsy Verse” in 2001. Afterwards he held a concurrent post as the keyboard player in “Pipedream Princess”. found “Walnut Room” with Feng Hao in 2007.
Walnut Room
Feng Hao and Li Zenghui.
www.myspace.cn/walnutroomchina
www.douban.com/group/WalnutRoom/
Yan Jun
Yan Jun, working on realm of sound and language.
Yan was born in Lanzhou in 1973, now based in Beijing. B.A. of Chinese Literature.
He works with feedback noise, drone sound, voice, field recording, site-specific sound installation, impro music, environmental sound, writing, publishing and curating. He regard them as one thing.
Yan has founded the Sub Jam and its sub-label KwanYin Records. He runs weekly enevt Waterland Kwanyin and annual festival Mini Midi since 2005.
He has published 5 essay collections about Chinese new music and 3 poetry collections.
Music Projects:
Tie Guan Yin: open form, varied members.
Pisces Iscariots: with Yao Dajuin and Li Jianhong.
FEN (Fareast Network): with Otomo Yoshihide, Ryu Hankil, Yuen Cheewai.
Junyuan
Jun-Y Ciao: born in Shanghai.2006 graduate the study at the academy of fine arts Duesseldorf, Germany. The member of the free music group MTDM.2009 make the acoustic-electronic project “Power Wood Quality” with Olaf Hochherz.
MTDM, it means “horse without legs” literally in Chinese. The band was founded in 2005 in Duesseldorf, Germany by 2 young artists, who commit themselves to the freedom of music and a pure spontaneous music. Similar to the Fluxus predecessors’ exploration into the cross-border arts, the practice of MTDM can be considered a tribute to the pioneers.MTDM seems to be synonymous with “good-for-nothing”. In almost all of the Western films, if the legs break, the horse will be killed by cowboys with no exception. The 2 members, Jun-Yuan and Yi Tao, both were born in the year of horse (in 1978). “Horse without legs”, the self-mocking name, implies exactly the profound thinking of the 2 artists on how to walk without legs.
www.douban.com/artist/powerwoodquality/
Torturing Nurse
analogue harshnoise/pure noise group from shanghai, china!
myspace.com/torturingnurseforever
douban.com/artist/torturingnurse
Shu Qi aka Shu Ride
Analog Noise & instrumental Improvization
www.noishanghai.org/shuride/index.htm
Mai Xiao Guo Da Shi
Guitat improviser from Shanghai.
Ben Houge
Ben Houge is a composer and sound artist whose attention is focused on finding connections. His areas of activity range from computer game soundtracks to sacred choral music, and he is energized by the way in which these disparate trajectories inform and invigorate each other. Much of his work employs computers to make decisions and generate sound, and he has incorporated ideas from his experience in digital media into compositions for live performance.
Ben moved to Shanghai, China, in 2004, to accept a job as senior audio designer with the French videogame company Ubisoft, a position he held for over four years. Since his arrival, he's presented his music at the Zendai Museum of Modern Art, the 2pi Festival, the Shanghai eArts Festival, and Noishanghai, alongside local musicians including Torturing Nurse and Wang Changcun. He's also transplanted the Sound Currents concert series from Seattle to present visiting artists from the US. His work has been profiled in local publications, and he served as a contributing music editor to That's Shanghai from January 2007 through September 2008.
*LLND
*LL wave constructor, circuit bender, instruments creator, programmer and *ND, anima-videiconist stage artist director.
Installations, performances, live act, VJ, their creations are like a round trip between the direct and the fictional virtual documentary
a controlled Digital Automation.
A thundering mix called Live Act Kinotoys.
Each of their performance offers a pass for traveling to multiple geostrategico-sensory destinations in a poetic network universe of immersive sounds and visuals.
*LLND's live art is a unique show where all the images and sound are created live.
using a set up of micros, cameras , objects, realtime 3d software, and a multichannels broadcast video mixer.
Justin Sebastian
Justin Sebastian hat Jazz an der Folkwang-Hochschule in Essen studiert und während seines dreijährigen Aufenthaltes in Bangkok von 2000 bis 2003 Unterricht in traditioneller thailändischer Musik genommen.
Im Alter von 13 Jahren war er bereits festes Mitglied des Peter Kowald Ort Ensembles.
Er hat als freier Theatermusiker am Schauspielhaus in Köln gearbeitet und ist seit 2007 Mitglied im WIO (Wuppertaler Improvisations Orchester). Justin Sebastian hat in zahlreichen Musik- und Tanzprojekten mit Künstlern wie: Peter Kowald, Nusara Mai-ngarm, Christoph Iacono, DJ Orson, I-Fen Lin, Sebastian Gramss, Adam Holzman, Geraldo Si, Jean Sasportes u.v.a. gearbeitet
Justin Sebastian studied jazz-trumpet at Folkwanghochschule in Essen. Between 2000 and 2003 he gained experience in Thai traditional music in Bangkok. At the age of 13 he was a member in Peter Kowald`s “OrtEnsemble”.
He has also worked at the “Schauspielhaus Cologne” as part of the music ensemble. Throughout his career he has worked independently with artists such as Nusara Mai-ngarm, Peter Kowald, Geraldo Si, DJ Orson, Sebastian Gramss, Christoph Iacono, Adam Holzman, Jean Sasportes.
Currently Justin Sebastian is a member of the “WIO” (Wuppertal Improvisers Orchestra) and is active in smaller formations and as a soloist in Germany.
Li Jianhong
With his guitar and effect pedals, Li Jianhong is one of the best noise / improv musicians in China. His guitar drifts among improvisational music, noise music, and psychedelic rock. Recently, he is trying a new way to create from the relationships between environment and performing.
The groups he formed or participates includes D!O!D!O!D! and VagusNerve. By now, he has released over 20 solo albums and collaborations in several labels including 2pi Records, PSF, Utech, Post-concrete, Archive and so on.
While being an artist, he is also managing a indie lable "2pi Records", which held an annually experimental and avant-garde music festival "2pi festival" since 2003.
www.douban.com/artist/lijianhong/
Fakemistress
voice, beats, sounds, slogans, words, noise, screams, cut-ups, melody- fake mistress is performing with voice, loop station and sampler, creating vivid images and atmospheres, exploring the limits of beauty and disharmony....what an explosive relationship!
Anthony Carcone and Jacques Foschia and DFF from ETC
ETC is a one night improvised collective, or an individual group of kindred post musical spirits
Description: improvised, sound/visual art, metal vibes, atmosphere, experimental ambient,sample ritual-like drone, post minimalism, low frequency voice...
From an Audio/Visual Art Performance:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUm8-DzoRJs
Anthony Carcone - disturbed guitar and sounds disruptions
Jacques Foschia - radio waves and fog
DFF - sheet metal
1908 - soprano Maria Kuznetsova as Tosca.
She was born in Odessa, Ukraine during 1880 and died in Paris, France during 1966.
Having been a ballet dancer in St. Petersburg, she then studied singing with baritone Joakim Tartakov and made her debut as 'Marguerite' in Gounod's opera Faust at the Mariinsky Theatre during 1905.
She created the role of 'Fevroniya' in Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera the Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya on 20th Feb 1907 at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg.
She created the role of 'Fausta' in Massenet's opera Roma world première at the Opéra de Monte Carlo on 17th Feb 1912 and created the role of 'Cléopâtre' in Massenet's opera of the same name at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo on 23 February 1914.
On 14th May 1914 she created the role of Potiphar's wife in the ballet the Legend of Joseph by Richard Strauss at the Théâtre National de l’Opéra, Paris.
as part of a prize draw you can now find yellow tokens at shops, cafes across Portsmouth. If you are given a token please take to aspex gallery, Gunwharf and enter our prize draw. More info - creatingbalanceproject.tumblr.com/
Down at Burford Bridge, the Kingfisher is proving to be a crowd puller. Quite a few people taking an interest this morning. The Kingfisher still happy to pose for photographs.
Grand Central Creative Campus, Glendale, CA
Engineered by Pacific Aquascape: pacificaquascape.com/index.html
Just want to share a card I made for CREATE Blog challenge: 3 flowers, 2 butterflies and 1 bird. FUN~
details:Here
Stamp:
CL513 Lauderdale Flower
CG360 Vine Background
Participants during the session: Creating Profit through Purpose at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 19, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Ciaran McCrickard
Philly Create 2019
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Instagram: @JamesTang267
Twitter: @JamesTang215
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#JamesTang #iamjamestang #imjamestang #tangmusicunlimited #phillyasianmodel #phillymalemodel #phillychinesemodel #phillysinger #phillymodelsearch #phillyyoutuber #philadelphiamodel #phillycreates #phillyasianartist #phillyphotography #cantoneseyoutuber #美國仔 #說唱歌手 #phillymanbun #phillysinger #phillycreate #philadelphiaasianartist #phillyasianrapper #phillychinesesinger #phillysamurai #phillysamuraihaircut #philadelphiasamuraihaircut #K歌之王子 #phillysamuraihairstyle #巨蟹王子♋ #samuraihairstyle #samuraihaircut #americanbornchinese
Colors of Compassion flags for the LGBT Compassion Games created at LA PRIDE's Momentum Pavillion to send to LGBT youth with love, support and encouragement.
as part of a prize draw you can now find yellow tokens at shops, cafes across Portsmouth. If you are given a token please take to aspex gallery, Gunwharf and enter our prize draw. More info - creatingbalanceproject.tumblr.com/
This is my wife Mairi (Sammy) with her mother, father and brother in 1939. A very famous artist at that time (sorry, don't have her name) sat this family down and, with a fine pair of scissors, cut out their likenesses in one sitting in unbelievably accurate detail. I didn't become familiar with this family until 20 years later, but I clearly recognize her father, and from photos from that era, the other likenesses are dead on.
Sammy's father was Counsel General from Estonia to the United States, and they had this art work done just before they left America to return to Estonia at a most inopportune time, for shortly thereafter, at the beginning of World War II, the Communists took over Estonia, and Mairi and her family were trapped. Their escape was the sort of thing international intrigue novels are made from, but theirs was no novel. Unfortunately, it's too long a story to tell here, but John Le Carre never created a novel that could top their true story.
BILL RUSSELL ...ONE OF THE GREATEST DEFENSIVE PLAYERS OF THE NBA
Boston Celtics center Bill Russell (born 1934) earned a place in the National Basketball Association's Hall of Fame as the greatest defensive player in the history of the league and one of the greatest players of all time.
Bill Russell was an unlikely superstar. Lanky and shy, he came into the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a center for the Boston Celtics and remained with that team for the duration of his playing career. At six-feet-ten-inches tall he was larger than most had ever seen. He was talented, not in scoring points like other basketball stars, but in stopping his opponents cold in their tracks.
At the bidding of his coach Russell avoided shooting the basketball altogether, yet his affinity for teamwork and his ability to relay the ball to the point-makers on his team successfully earned for the Celtics 11 NBA championships. The glory of Russell's talent was, at times, marred by the intolerant social climate of his day. He was among only a few black players in the NBA during the "Russell Era," but he focused his efforts on elevating the dignity of humankind and donated his time and effort to right the wrongs of a racially biased culture.
William Felton Russell, the youngest son of Charles and Katie (King) Russell, was born in Monroe, Louisiana on February 2, 1934. His paternal grandfather, Jake Russell, was a first-generation free man, a woodsman and champion logroller, affectionately known as the "Old Man" by his offspring and heirs. As a youngster Bill Russell bonded closely with the Old Man.
Charles Russell moved the family to Oakland, California when Bill was eleven years old. Russell's parents worked at a military shipyard, and Jake Russell established his own trucking company. The Russells shared a house in north Oakland with eight families. When conditions improved the family moved to west Oakland, where Bill Russell enrolled at Cole Elementary School.
Russell held his mother in great regard, and it was a blow to him when she became ill and died in 1946. He and his brother accompanied their father on a train to Louisiana to bury Katie Russell. When they returned to Oakland, Bill became introverted and withdrew into books and reading.
At Hoover Junior High School, Russell was far from impressive as an athlete. He played basketball at McClymonds High School but was never a star; so rare were his appearances on the court that he shared a jersey with another player. Hesitant and unobtrusive, he suffered from low self-esteem in spite of his ever-towering size. His bent for basketball blossomed slowly because he lacked the skills to be a great ball handler; he worked instead to develop his talent as a defender.
In 1952, Bill accelerated his high school curriculum and graduated, ahead of his class, in order to tour with an exhibition basketball team throughout the Pacific Northwest.
During the exhibition tour, a representative from the University of San Francisco (USF) named Hal DeJulio observed Russell and set out to recruit the unusually tall young man. Russell, in turn, welcomed the opportunity for a college scholarship. At DeJulio's suggestion, Russell took the college entrance exam and applied to USF.
To bide his time during the collage application process, Bill took a job as an apprentice sheet-metal worker at the Naval yard in San Francisco. He continued to play basketball in his spare time and improved his skills and grew continually, for years, even after his peers leveled off. He was six feet five inches tall when he finished high school, and grew five inches more before reaching his full adult height.
With DeJulio as a mentor, Russell secured a full scholarship to USF and supplemented the award with a student job for additional income. Bill, by then was very tall and adept at jumping— his leaping reach extended four feet higher than the rim of the basket (14 feet above the ground), and the air-born accomplishment was exhilarating.
Russell played freshman ball and joined the USF Dons' varsity team as a sophomore in 1953. In his junior year (1954-55) the Dons won the National College Athletic Association (NCAA) championship. Russell received the title of Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the tournament. He averaged 21.4 points per game for the season with 21.5 rebounds per game.
During the summer of 1955, Bill traveled on a goodwill tour sponsored by the U.S. Department of State. In conjunction with his participation in a national program to promote physical fitness, he also attended a White House luncheon with the President of the United States.
Russell returned to USF for his senior year in the fall of 1955. He added track and field to his extracurricular schedule and made an impressive showing. After years of perfecting his leaps and bounds, he very nearly broke a world record in the high jump with a score of six feet nine and one-quarter inches.
In 1955, The Dons won the national championship again that year, and Russell was named as an All-American center, to play in the East-West college all-star game at Madison Square Gardens. That year the NCAA widened the foul (free-throw) lane from 6 to 12 feet, because of the ease with which Russell could dominate the court.
Among the most eventful years of Russell's life, 1956 was a year to remember. During the course of that year, he earned a bachelor of arts degree, joined the elite society of Olympic gold medallists, married his girlfriend, and signed a contract with the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Early in 1956, Russell reduced his academic load, in anticipation of the upcoming summer Olympics. He later refused an offer from Abe Saperstein, owner of the Harlem Globetrotters, to play professionally with the team. Russell feared it would jeopardize his eligibility for the U.S. Olympic basketball team. To Russell's gratification he was given a spot on the Olympic team and won a gold medal at the games in Melbourne, Australia.
During the 1956 NBA draft, Russell, a second round pick, went to the Boston Celtics under unusual circumstances. As a highly ranked team, the Celtics could not pick early in the draft. Head coach, Red Auerbach, nonetheless wanted Russell to play with his team. Auerbach sacrificed two of his best players in return for an early draft option. Russell was drafted and remained with the Celtics from 1957 until his retirement in 1969.
As 1956 drew to a close, Russell completed his studies and received his college degree. He married the former Rose Swisher in 1956, three days after his return from the Melbourne Olympics.
During his dynamic career, Russell left his mark a the greatest defensive player in the history of the NBA. He was a true team player; a highly effective re-bounder and a leviathan jumper.
Prior to Russell, it was unheard of in the NBA for a player to position himself strictly for the purpose of blocking opposing scorers and without concern for sinking baskets.
Russell in fact was a mediocre ball handler, and Auerbach instructed him to avoid shooting or carrying the ball. Yet the years that coincided with Russell's playing career bear the nickname the "Bill Russell Era."
Critics maintained that Russell's presence on the team was a key factor in 11 NBA championships won by the Celtics from 1957 through 1969.
Russell started with the Boston Celtics at a salary of $19,500; he wore jersey number 6. Celtics center Arnie Risen, whom Russell replaced, graciously assisted the rookie in mastering the finesse of professional basketball.
In 1957-59 Russell played in the NBA all-star game. His team won the NBA championship in 1957, 1959-66, and again in 1968 and 1969. Prior to Russell's rookie season the Celtics had never won a championship. Thereafter they lost only two championships during his entire 13-season career.
When Auerbach retired, he selected Bill to replace him as coach; he was the first African American to coach a NBA team. He continued as a player and coach, until 1969 when he retired with 11 NBA championships to his credit as a player, including two as a coach.
Russell served as general manager and coach for the Seattle Super Sonics between 1973 and 1977. During the 1970s and 1980s he worked as a broadcast analyst for several television networks. He coached the Sacramento Kings in 1987-88 and continued as president of basketball operations for the Kings through 1989.
Russell retired from the Celtics in 1969, having led the league in time played (40,726 minutes). He also led in career rebounds, with a total of 21,721. He received five Most Valuable Player awards: in 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1965.
The NBA revised some rules in reaction to Russell's great prowess, including a limitation on in-the-air assists. Years later, as celebrations were underway to mark the end of the second millennium in 1999, cable sports network ESPN duly named Russell among the top 50 athletes of the previous 100 years in a retrospective of 20th century sports.
Fans and colleagues failed to understand Russell's reluctance to be inducted into the NBA Hall of Fame in 1974. He was the first African American in history to be so honored, and an entire community hoped to share his pride in the moment. His hesitation might have stemmed from an incident that occurred in 1971 when the city of Boston held a public celebration in Russell's honor. During the festivities, thugs—apparently motivated by racism— rampaged and violated Russell's residence. After thoughtful consideration, Russell attended the Hall of Fame ceremony and accepted the compliment.
Bill Russell left his mark in sports history as an innovator and a great man. He refused to sign autographs, yet he never avoided his fans. Instead he mingled with them, talked to them, and shook their hands—to Russell those gestures were more personal than signing a piece of paper. He wrote an autobiography, Go Up for Glory, and recorded a memoir for Random House, Second Wind, with Taylor Branch in 1979.
Russell was among a small group of professional athletes who took a public stand during the U.S. civil rights movement of the 1960s. He participated in the 1963 March on Washington and set up an integrated sports training camp in the southern United States. The NAACP cited other contributions by Russell that improved the quality of life for underprivileged students of the Boston public schools.
Additionally, Russell invested in a program to purchase rubber plantations in the African nation of Liberia, in an effort to create jobs and spur the economy of that nation.
Russell and his first wife had three children: William Jr., Karen Kenyatta, and Jacob. The couple separated in 1969 and divorced in 1973. He was briefly married to the former Miss USA, Didi Anstett. During his years with the Boston Celtics Russell lived in Reading, Massachusetts. After retirement, he maintained a residence on Mercer Island, Lake Washington, near Seattle.
Created for Faestock Challenge #59
Other credits with thanks to:
foreground - Eddi 07
birds - USFWS
tree bush - Obsidian Dawn
Hanoi; Vietnamese: Hà Nội is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts and 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945), but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War.
The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is 1,760 km north of Ho Chi Minh City and 120 km west of Hai Phong city.
October 2010 officially marked 1000 years since the establishment of the city. The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a 4 km ceramic mosaic mural created to mark the occasion.
NAMES
Hanoi (河內) has had many names throughout history. During the Chinese occupation of Vietnam, it was known first as Long Biên, then Tống Bình (宋平, "Song Peace") and Long Đỗ (龍肚, "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (大羅, "Big Net"). During the Lê dynasty, Hanoi was known as Đông Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital"); this gave the name to Tonkin.
HISTORY
Pre-Thăng Long period
Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. The Cổ Loa Citadel in Dong Anh district served as the capital of the Âu Lạc kingdom founded by the Shu emigrant Thục Phán after his 258 BC conquest of the native Văn Lang.
In 197 BC, Âu Lạc Kingdom was annexed by Nanyue, which ushered in more than a millennium of Chinese domination. By the middle of the 5th century, in the center of ancient Hanoi, the Liu Song Dynasty set up a new district (縣) called Songping (Tong Binh), which later became a commandery (郡), including two districts Yihuai (義懷) and Suining (綏寧) in the south of the Red River (now Từ Liêm and Hoài Đức districts) with a metropolis (the domination centre) in the present inner Hanoi. By the year 679, the Tang dynasty changed the region's name into Annan (Pacified South), with Songping as its capital.
In order to defeat the people’s uprisings, in the later half of the 8th century, Zhang Boyi (張伯儀), a Tang dynasty viceroy, built Luocheng (羅城, La Thanh or La citadel, from Thu Le to Quan Ngua in present-day Ba Dinh precinct). In the earlier half of the 9th century, it was further built up and called Jincheng (金城, Kim Thanh or Kim Citadel). In 866, Gao Pian, the Chinese Jiedushi, consolidated and named it Daluocheng (大羅城, Dai La citadel, running from Quan Ngua to Bach Thao), the then-largest citadel of ancient Hanoi.
Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh
In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Việt to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thăng Long (昇龍, "Soaring Dragon") - a name still used poetically to this day. Thăng Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it was moved to Thanh Hóa, then known as Tây Đô (西都), the "Western Capital". Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都), the "Eastern Capital."
In 1408, the Chinese Ming Dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to Dongguan (Chinese: 東關, Eastern Gateway), or Đông Quan in Sino-Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi, who later founded the Lê Dynasty and renamed Đông Quan Đông Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. Right after the end of the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北城, "Northern Citadel").
During Nguyễn Dynasty and the French colonial period
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and moved the capital to Huế, the old name Thăng Long was modified to become Thăng Long (昇龍, "Soaring Dragon"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamed it Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. As Hanoï, it became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.
DURING TWO WARS
The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940 and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in 1946. After nine years of fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954.
During the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways. These were all, however, promptly repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of a reunified Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on July 2, 1976.
MODERN HANOI
On May 29, 2008, it was decided that Hà Tây Province, Vĩnh Phúc Province's Mê Linh District and 4 communes of Lương Sơn District, Hòa Bình Province be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from August 1, 2008. Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29 subdivisions with the new population being 6,232,940., effectively tripling its size. The Hanoi Capital Region (Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội), a metropolitan area covering Hanoi and 6 surrounding provinces under its administration, will have an area of 13,436 square kilometres with 15 million people by 2020
Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336m, tallest in Vietnam and second tallest in Southeast Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272m, also second tallest in Vietnam)
GEOGRAPHY
LOCATION - TOPOGRAPHY
Hanoi is located in northern region of Vietnam, situated in the Vietnam’s Red River delta, nearly 90 km away from the coastal area. Hanoi contains three basic kind of terrain, which are the delta area, the midland area and mountainous zone. In general, the terrain is gradually lower from the north to the south and from the west to the east, with the average height ranging from 5 to 20 meters above the sea level. The hills and mountainous zones are located in the northern and western part of the city. The highest peak is at Ba Vi with 1281 m, located in the western part of the region.
CLIMATE
Hanoi features a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with plentiful precipitation. The city experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, with 4 distinct seasons. Summer, from May until August, is characterized by hot and humid weather with abundant rainfall. September to October is fall, characterized by a decrease in temperature and precipitation. Winter, from November to January, is dry and cool by national standards. The city is usually cloudy and foggy in winter, averaging only 1.5 hours of sunshine per day in February.
Hanoi averages 1,680 millimetres of rainfall per year, the majority falling from May to September. There are an average of 114 days with rain.
The average annual temperature is 23.6 °C with a mean relative humidity of 79%. The highest recorded temperature was 42.8 °C on May 1926 while the lowest recorded temperature was 2.7 °C on January 1955.
ADMINISTRATIVES DIVISIONS
Hà Nội is divided into 12 urban districts, 1 district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. When Ha Tay was merged into Hanoi in 2008, Hà Đông was transformed into an urban district while Sơn Tây degraded to a district-leveled town. They are further subdivided into 22 commune-level towns (or townlets), 399 communes, and 145 wards.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Hanoi's population is constantly growing (about 3.5% per year), a reflection of the fact that the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's political centre. This population growth also puts a lot of pressure on the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back to the early 20th century.
The number of Hanoians who have settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small when compared to the overall population of the city. Even in the Old Quarter, where commerce started hundreds of years ago and consisted mostly of family businesses, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved into the adjoining house or moved out of the neighbourhood altogether. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planning economic policies and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.
Hanoi's telephone numbers have been increased to 8 digits to cope with demand (October 2008). Subscribers' telephone numbers have been changed in a haphazard way; however, mobile phones and SIM cards are readily available in Vietnam, with pre-paid mobile phone credit available in all areas of Hanoi.
ECONOMY
Hanoi has the highest Human Development Index among the cities in Vietnam. According to a recent ranking by PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hanoi will be the fastest growing city in the world in terms of GDP growth from 2008 to 2025. In the year 2013, Hanoi contributed 12.6% to GDP, exported 7.5% of total exports, contributed 17% to the national budget and attracted 22% investment capital of Vietnam. The city's nominal GDP at current prices reached 451,213 billion VND (21.48 billion USD) in 2013, which made per capita GDP stand at 63.3 million VND (3,000 USD). Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19.1 percent from 1991–95, 15.9 percent from 1996–2000, and 20.9 percent during 2001–2003. In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses currently operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007).
Trade is another strong sector of the city. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. The city's export value grew by an average 11.6 percent each year from 1996–2000 and 9.1 percent during 2001–2003. The economic structure also underwent important shifts, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role. Hanoi's business districts are traditionally Hoàn Kiếm and the neighborhood; and a newly developing Cầu Giấy and Từ Liêm in the western part.
Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly developing real estate market. The current most notable new urban areas are central Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh, Mỹ Đình, the luxurious zones of The Manor, Ciputra and Times City.
Agriculture, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques.
Together with economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly being upgraded, with new roads and an improved public transportation system.
LANDMARKS
As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Even when the nation's capital moved to Huế under the Nguyễn Dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. The city hosts more cultural sites than any other city in Vietnam, and boasts more than 1,000 years of history; that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved.
OLD QUARTER
The Old Quarter, near Hoàn Kiếm Lake, has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk or jewelry. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. A night market (near Đồng Xuân Market) in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food.
Some other prominent places are: The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu), site of the oldest university in Vietnam 1010; One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột); Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội). In 2004, a massive part of the 900-year-old Hanoi Citadel was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of Ba Đình Square.
LAKES
A city between rivers built from low land, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and is sometimes called "city of lakes." Among its lakes, the most famous are Hoàn Kiếm Lake, West Lake, and Bay Mau Lake (inside Thongnhat Park). Hoan Kiem Lake, also known as Sword Lake, is the historical and cultural center of Hanoi, and is linked to the legend of the magic sword. West Lake (Hồ Tây) is a popular place for people to spend time. It is the largest lake in Hanoi and there are many temples in the area. The lakeside road in the Nghi Tam - Quang Ba area is perfect for bicycling, jogging and viewing the cityscape or enjoying lotus ponds in the summer. The best way to see the majestic beauty of a Westlake sunset is to view it from one of the many bars around the lake, especially the Sofitel Plaza rooftop bar.
COLONIAL HANOI
Under French rule, as an administrative centre for the French colony of Indochina, the French colonial architecture style became dominant, and many examples remain today: the tree-lined boulevards (e.g. Phan Dinh Phung street) and its many villas and mansions, Grand Opera House, State Bank of Vietnam (formerly The Bank of Indochina), Presidential Palace (formerly the Palace of the Governor-General of French Indochina), St. Joseph's Cathedral, and the historic Hotel Metropole. Many of the colonial structures are an eclectic mixture of French and traditional Vietnamese architectural styles, such as the National Museum of Vietnamese History, the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts and the old Indochina Medical College. Gouveneur-Général Paul Doumer (1898-1902) played a crucial role in colonial Hanoi's urban planning. Under his tenure there was a major construction boom.
Critical historians of empire have noted that French colonial rule imposed a system of white supremacy on the city. Vietnamese subjects supplied labor and tax revenue, but the privileges and comforts of the city went to the white population. French efforts at rat eradication revealed some of the colonial city's racial double-standards.
MUSEUMS
Hanoi is home to a number of museums:
- National Museum of Vietnamese History
- Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
- Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
- Vietnam Museum of Revolution
- Hỏa Lò Prison (Hanoi Hilton)
- Ho Chi Minh Museum
- Hanoi Contemporary Arts Centre
- Vietnam Military History Museum
- Hanoi Museum
TOURISM
Hanoi is a very picturesque city, the leafy metropolis sometimes dubbed the "Paris of Asia." With its tree-fringed boulevards, more than two dozen lakes and thousands of French colonial-era buildings, Hanoi is a popular tourist attraction and one of only a few Asian capitals to retain its historic charm amid rapid modernization and population growth.
In 2015, Hanoi ranks #4 in TripAdvisor's list of the World's Best Destinations (Travellers' Choice).
And Hanoi is the most affordable international destination in TripAdvisor's annual TripIndex report. Created to help travelers plan and budget their summer holiday, the TripIndex looks at the average cost of a three-night trip in 60 key tourist cities around the world.
ENTERTAINMENT
A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. Hanoi has been named one of the top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Water Puppet Tours. The number of art galleries exhibiting Vietnamese art has dramatically increased in recent years, now including galleries such as "Nhat Huy" of Huynh Thong Nhat.
A popular traditional form of entertainment is Water puppetry, which is shown, for example, at the Thăng Long Water Puppet Theatre."
CUISINE
Hanoi has rich culinary traditions. Many of Vietnam's most famous dishes, such as phở, chả cá, bánh cuốn and cốm are believed to have originated in Hanoi. Perhaps most widely known is Phở - a simple rice noodle soup often eaten as breakfast at home or at street-side cafes, but also served in restaurants as a meal. Two varieties dominate the Hanoi scene: Phở Bò, containing beef, and Phở Gà, containing chicken.
Vietnam's national dish phở has been named as one of the Top 5 streetfoods in the world by globalpost.
Hanoi has a number of restaurants whose menus specifically offer dishes containing dog, snake and various species of insects. Insect-inspired menus can be found at a number of restaurants in Khuong Thuong village, Hanoi. The signature dishes at these restaurant are those containing processed ant-eggs, often in the culinary styles of Thai people or Vietnam's Muong and Tay ethnic people.
EDUCATION
Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including: Indochina Medical College (1902) - now Hanoi Medical University, Indochina University (1904) - now Hanoi National University (the largest), and École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine (1925) - now Hanoi University of Fine Art.
After the Communist Party took control over Hanoi in 1954 with support from the Soviet Union, many new universities were built, among them, Hanoi University of Technology, still the largest technical university in Vietnam. Recently ULIS (University of Languages and International Studies) was rated as one of the top universities in Southeast Asia for languages and language studies at the undergraduate level. Other universities that are not part of Vietnam National University or Hanoi University include Hanoi School for Public Health and Hanoi School of Agriculture.
Hanoi is the largest centre of education in Vietnam. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in the whole country are living and working in Hanoi. Admissions to undergraduate study are through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open for everyone (who has successfully completed his/her secondary education) in the country. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have begun operation. Thăng Long University, founded in 1988, by some Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France is the first private university in Vietnam. Because many of Vietnam's major universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces (especially in the northern part of the country) wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrance examination. Such events usually take place in June and July, during which a large number of students and their families converge on the city for several weeks around this intense examination period. In recent years, these entrance exams have been centrally coordinated by the Ministry of Education, but passing marks are decided independently by each university.
Although there are state owned kindergartens, there are also many private ventures that serve both local and international needs. Pre-tertiary (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi are generally state run, but there are also some independent schools. Education is equivalent to the K–12 system in the US, with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and high school from grades 10 to 12.
TRANSPORT
Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in the Soc Son District, approximately 15 km north of Hanoi. The new international terminal (T2), designed and built by Japanese contractors, opened in January 2015 and is a big facelift for Noibai International Airport. In addition, a new highway and the new Nhat Tan cable-stay bridge connecting the airport and the city center opened at the same time, offering much more convenience than the old road (via Thanglong bridge). Taxis are plentiful and usually have trip meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from the airport to the city centre.
Hanoi is also the origin or departure point for many Vietnam Railways train routes in the country. The Reunification Express (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City from Hanoi station (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities. The Reunification Express line was established during French colonial rule and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. The Reunification Express between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City covers a distance of 1,726 km and takes approximately 33 hours. As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the North-South line.
The main means of transport within Hanoi city are motorbikes, buses, taxis, and a rising number of cars. In recent decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation. The increased number of motorcycles can cause gridlock. To minimize this and the negative consequences for the environment and health, the local government is trying to increase public transportation. Public buses run on many routes and fares can be purchased on the bus, with very cheap prices (30 cents for a journey where a taxi might cost $10).
There are 2 metro lines under construction in Hanoi now. The first one is expected to be operational in 2016, the second in 2018
Persons on their own or traveling in a pair who wish to make a fast trip around Hanoi to avoid traffic jams or to travel at an irregular time or by way of an irregular route often use "xe ôm" (literally, "hug bike"). Motorbikes can also be rented from agents within the Old Quarter of Hanoi.
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