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Hurricane Drunk.

 

"No walls can keep me protected. No sleep, nothing in between me and the rain. And you can't save me now, I'm in the grip of a hurricane. I'm gonna blow myself away.

I'm going out, I'm gonna drink myself to death. And in the crowd I see you with someone else, I brace myself 'cause I know it's going to hurt. But I like to think at least things can't get any worse.

No home, I don't want shelter. No calm, nothing to keep me from the storm. And you can't hold me down, cause I belong to the hurricane. It's gonna blow this all away.

I hope that you see me 'cause I'm staring at you, but when you look over, you look right through. Then you lean and kiss her on the head and I never felt so alive and so dead."

 

Florence, how can you be so perfect. I've been having bad dreams, and they have been happening. I don't want to sleep anymore. I never thought this would occur again. That I would dream such a call, and receive it. That I would dream such an evening, and then it occurs. God has a sense of humor.

This week, I had finals, fall-outs, work, and I don't want to say regret. Up to now in my life I have never regretted anything. But NOW, now I don't know what I am doing. Who I am. I need to leave. Turn my phone off. Time doesn't heal wounds. And thoughts consume you. Talks have always helped. They clear the mind and soul if you believe in that kind of thing. I've never believed in meeting someone and look for compatibility. I just look to be myself. To give the love I have inside because I feel someone deserves it, but I give it to all the wrong people. This care, this hope, only causes pain.

I got home insanely intoxicated Wednesday night. I sat in my bed for an hour just looking at a wall of photos. Reliving those memories and why they're there. I literally woke my mom up at 1 a.m. to tell her everything. My fears, my failures, my misfortunes and my current predicament of whether I should care about someone.

She said something, something that made me cry and my chest go numb. As if someone stuck a knife in my gut and turned it and the tears just streamed down my face because my body was reacting while my brain was like 'NO!'

She said "I never realized this until recently, but you have carried a weight on your shoulders the last 8 years when no one has asked you. You've been hurt and have made decisions I have never seen the sanest people make within seconds. You have fallen and gotten back up within seconds. You have this fear of failure and disapproval, but if it's from us we've never felt that way. We've always backed you. If it's because of ______ then it's what I've always told your father, you move on. You continue. But you hurt, you hurt because you still have hope. I see it in your eyes in everything you say and do. You have this resilience that you show everyone everyday and collapse when you're alone. You say you don't care. You walk around apathetic and say cold things to us, but I see it in your eyes, that you're about to burst into tears. This fear that at any time someone will hurt you the way they did. The way your ex did. The way your friends have. The way your hurting with this kid. It's because you care and you have hope. You've never been wrong about people. And the two that should have never made you doubt others, are the reason for your hope with others. The fact that you will walk across the ends of the Earth for those you care about and it doesn't matter. It doesn't matter if you embarrass yourself, it doesn't matter if they judge you, and it doesn't matter to you that they might not care for what you're doing for them or even for you for that matter because all that is important is that you care. You see the good in the bad. We've always taught you that and it has caused you to be this way. To live in fear that at any point in time, that moment of happiness you feel doing something for someone, is about to end because you just want it in return and because you've never gotten it back in return from those two, you don't expect it from others. You'd kill for those you love. I've seen you. I've heard people say it. But when its yourself, you take a beating because of hope. You haven't lost it. You fight til the end. Even if you're standing alone, it's okay. I was once that way. It'll eat you alive. None of what has happened is your fault. Have some faith in this kid. I see in your eyes that you cared when you brought him home. I know you've tried with others, but the way you look at him is different. Like you don't care what he has done, who he is, where the two of you will be tomorrow, you just care about him in a way that is extraordinary. You want to give. He doesn't want to receive. You stay back. He doesn't seem like he can handle his own medicine. Lo que esta pa ti, nadie te lo va a quitar. You want to leave for a while, leave. I understand that you want to surround yourself with paper plates when you have fine China at home. You'll appreciate the fine China someday, but right now you need to enjoy those paper plates, because they mean nothing. They can't cut you and they're disposable. Realize that when the fine China breaks, it shatters. And I think you he is a piece of fine China to you. And instead of appreciating it, you're putting it in a cabinet so it can collect dust. I love you. You're cared for although I know you never feel that way. You don't like hearing it. It's not normal to cry when anyone says that to you. It's not normal to care or love others and not want them to love or care for you in return. It's not normal to hate the holidays, and it's not normal to want to run away rather then spend it with those closest to you. You need to care about yourself. You come first. You're way too selfless and selfish all at once. Stop being afraid. After all, those battle scars...they look good on you. You've got a story to tell. And someday, you'll laugh and say it was all worth it. Now don't ever drink and drive again...good night."

 

A lot was true. A lot far fetched. Regardless, I guess she's right about the hope thing. Someone says 'no', I don't argue. It's a definite answer. If someone says 'go away' I do. But I know with certain people, I will do that, but the moment that phone rings, I will be there in the blink of an eye. It doesn't matter what I am doing, or what is going on. My heart is there. I need to stop caring. I've been trying for 8 years. It's an everyday struggle. I just want to be happy. And I feel like those two did set the bar of "well they love me, and look where we are." You know? Logically, I'm stupid for being that way, but it's ingrained in my skin. I deserve better from everyone and vice versa. Everyone should be the best parts of themselves with those they care about. Because at the end of the day, I've learned that time doesn't give a shit at all for how you feel. And scars don't heal. That is why they are scars.

You my dear, I can't figure you out. And THAT keeps me coming back. I am (one of the following: dating, in a relationship, just friends) with someone who has what I want. What I've longed for; apathy for others. Love is a dangerous thing. It turns people. But this isn't love. I've had that. This, this is unfamiliar, this is a care, a longing for, I can't explain how it's twisting me inside. How can you claim to care and treat me like a dog you've kicked out into the rain? This hope I have, is at full force that I am wrong. I always want to be wrong. But I am afraid because I dreamt it. I hold no value to you. I am the shirt in the corner of your closet that fell off the hanger that is collecting dust. I am the penny you dropped on the pavement while getting the keys out of your pocket. Time hasn't pulled you towards me, it's kept your curiosity and led you down a road that you had no interest on taking me on. I don't want to quit. It's not in me. I want to know at the end of this tunnel there is sunshine, not darkness. But, there is always darkness. I never understood how I liked you in high school and how we're here now. Why I am fighting for you and not the other way around shows that I have always been the guy. But I think I'm finally going to stop. I'm exhausted. I just want to be the girl. I want to just be able to wake up and make you pancakes and go back to sleep. Not have to worry about trust because I am the last person you want to hear at night after a long day. I just want to be appreciated and respected. But no one appreciates or respects anything anymore. And then we all ask ourselves why we are alone, why we continue to search for the vast emptiness. It's because people are selfish. They want the freedom and someone to call upon. I'm not a call girl. That can be found in the yellowpages. I was temporary. I filled a void.

Ugh, I think too much.

I write too much.

I'm sorry reader.

I don't know where I am.

I'm too far gone.

I've lost my dignity this week.

Embarrassed myself saying good bye, when everyone said I shouldn't.

Sometimes, people are right. Those around you try to protect you because they see that stupid hope in your eyes. And you looked right through me. I'm just another girl. And there is nothing worse than knowing such a thing. And then those close to you seeing it before their eyes. I can't defend that. We are adults responsible for our actions. Actions have always spoken louder than words, and sadly I enjoy words.

I hope I am wrong. I've just never met anyone to prove me wrong.

Please do. Do something.

I've never quit anything. I don't want to start now.

 

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Kamera: Nikon FM

Linse: Nikkor-N Auto 24mm f2.8 (1970)

Film: Rollei P&R 640 @ box speed

Kjemi: Rodinal (1:25 / 13:30 min. @ 20°C)

 

-Wednesday 21 February 2024: I was prevented from seeing the proceedings in the International Court of Justice in Den Haag yesterday. Having just seen the whole proceedings of today’s statements by Colombia, Cuba, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and the USA; I think it is of importance to note that USA hardly mentioned the legality of the occupation in itself.

 

Instead, USA mostly focused on the Israeli «need for security». What about the Palestinian need for security? This is what is in question here. Instead of saying anything about the legality of Israel’s occupation, USA wanted to emphasize the need for «negotiations» and «land for peace»!

 

USA’s statement was just talking beside the point and should therefore not be considered much by the court in this legal matter.

 

No, today it was the statements and powerful performances of the women that impressed me - certainly Andrea Jiménez Herrera (Colombia) and especially Jasmine Moussa (Egypt). Here I will therefore highlight the presentations of Colombia and Egypt.

 

These are words that matter.

  

International Court of Justice: Day 3 hearing on the legal consequences of Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories (publ. 21 February 2024) [Video]

  

International Court of Justice: Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem [Transcripts and Documents]

  

Ms JIMÉNEZ HERRERA: [COLOMBIA]

 

I. INTRODUCTION

 

1. Mr President, Members of the Court, it is a great honour for me to address the Court, on behalf of the Republic of Colombia, in these proceedings.

 

2. Our presence here today bears witness to Colombia’s tradition of respect for international law. But it also reflects Colombia’s deep concern about the incidents that regularly occur between the State of Palestine and the State of Israel, exacerbated after the horrific events taking place since 7 October 2023, which have unleashed a cycle of violence that has only worsened an already calamitous situation, causing the death of more than 27,000 civilians and thousands of wounded.

 

3. Colombia rejects any recourse to violence or unilateral acts that lead to a higher level of confrontation. We also believe that holding States accountable for violating international law,

especially when their actions bring about dire humanitarian consequences, is a sign of respect for the rule of law.

 

4. Colombia has expressed before and reiterates today that the occupation of the Palestinian

territory is a violation of international law and is contrary to the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations.

 

5. Furthermore, as the Court itself stated in the Construction of a Wall Opinion, it is clear that both Israel and Palestine have the obligation to abide by international law, and to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law and human rights law within the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Both States also need to implement in good faith all relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions.

 

6. Additionally, Colombia fully shares the Court’s view in its Advisory Opinion on the Construction of a Wall, to the effect that the United Nations, and the General Assembly in particular, need to redouble efforts to encourage a negotiated solution to the outstanding problems, on the basis of international law, and with the purpose of the establishment of a fully viable Palestinian State, existing side by side with Israel and its neighbours, fostering peace and security in the region.

 

7. Nearly two decades after that landmark decision was issued, and in light of the gravity of the current situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the advisory opinion to be rendered by the Court in these proceedings shall provide much needed guidance to the United Nations system and third States in order to continue supporting both States reaching a solution through dialogue and based on mutual respect.

 

8. Colombia thus considers that, through its advisory opinion, the Court can contribute to clarifying the law, especially the rules governing the consequences of violations to peremptory norms of international law — namely, rules of jus cogens and erga omnes obligations — and to specific legal régimes which are the concern of all of mankind.

 

II. JURISDICTION OF THE COURT

 

9. Mr President, I will begin by referring to the issue of the jurisdiction of the Court to render the requested advisory opinion.

 

10. By virtue of Article 65, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court, two requirements must be met for the Court to have jurisdiction to give an opinion: (i) there must be a formal request from a body duly authorized by the United Nations Charter, or in accordance to it, to make such a request, and (ii) the question put before the Court must be a legal question.

 

11. It is undisputed that the General Assembly is one of the bodies authorized to make such a request, in line with Article 96, paragraph 1, of the Charter and that the decision of the General Assembly to submit the questions contained in resolution 77/247 was adopted in accordance with its rules of procedure and by the required majority. A significant number of Member States — including Colombia — decided it was important for the General Assembly to receive guidance on the questions put to the Court. Therefore, the request observes the first requirement.

 

12. The second requirement, namely that the question put before the Court be a legal one, is also complied within the present case. Indeed, in your jurisprudence, particularly, for example, in the Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion, you have clarified that a question is a legal one when “the Court is asked to rule on the compatibility of the [request] with the relevant principles and rules of international law”. In other words, questions “framed in terms of law and rais[ing] problems of international law”, whereby the Court is asked to identify and apply principles and rules of international law, qualify as questions of a legal character.

 

13. Colombia considers that the questions raised in resolution 77/247 are indeed framed in legal terms, since they request the Court to determine the legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of the State of Israel, a Member State of the United Nations, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to ascertain how those actions affect the legal status of the occupation. Those questions are to be answered through the application of rules of international law and therefore constitute legal questions which could form the basis of a request for an advisory opinion.

 

14. Thus, in the opinion of Colombia, the Court has jurisdiction to respond to the questions contained in resolution 77/247.

 

III. PROPRIETY

 

15. Mr President, I will now focus on the question of propriety. In this respect, while Article 65, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court, gives the Court discretionary power to give or not an advisory opinion that has been requested from it, in its case law the Court clarified certain important points, namely:

 

(i) that the Court may give an advisory opinion should be interpreted to mean that the Court has always a discretionary power to decline to give an advisory opinion, even if the conditions of jurisdiction are met; and

 

(ii) the Court is always mindful of the fact that its answer to a request for an advisory opinion represents its participation in the activities of the Organization, and, in principle, should not be refused.

 

16. While certain States have expressed opposition to the request by the General Assembly, the reasons argued are, for the most part, quite similar to those dismissed by the Court in its Advisory Opinion on the Construction of a Wall. In that case the Court decided to render the requested Opinion as, in its own words “[d]ifferences of views . . . on legal issues have existed in practically every advisory proceeding”. Colombia posits that the Court’s thorough reasoning then, soundly grounded on its long-standing jurisprudence, is directly applicable to the current request.

 

17. Consequently, Colombia considers that the Court should reach the same conclusion in the present proceedings, that is, that it can and will exercise jurisdiction, and that there are no compelling reasons for it to use its discretionary power not to render an opinion.

 

18. Hence, Colombia invites the Court to pronounce the law on the legal consequences arising out of serious breaches of peremptory norms of general international law and thus assist the General Assembly in the proper exercise of its functions; the United Nations in discharging its responsibilities in this matter, originating, as the Court recalled, in the Mandate and the Partition resolution concerning Palestine; and all States who possess an interest in the protection of erga omnes obligations.

 

19. Mr President, an additional important circumstance that should be factored in by the Court when deciding as to the propriety of rendering its advisory opinion is that the situation in the Palestinian occupied territory has changed drastically since the request was transmitted to the Court in January 2023.

 

20. On 7 October of the same year Israel was the victim of a horrifying attack by Hamas. We all know the scale and the magnitude of Israel’s reaction to the attack. The Court itself has already been confronted with the veritable map of horror and devastation which the Gaza Strip has become, as a result of the total war and scorched-earth policies unleashed by the Government of Israel.

 

21. Indeed, in several passages of its Order of 26 January concerning provisional measures in the case brought by South Africa against Israel on 29 December 2023, the Court took judicial notice of some details of this dire situation. To quote just one of such passages, in the Court’s own words:

 

“The Court considers that the civilian population in the Gaza Strip remains extremely vulnerable. It recalls that the military operation conducted by Israel after 7 October 2023 has resulted, inter alia, in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries and the destruction of homes, schools, medical facilities and other vital infrastructure, as well as displacement on a massive scale . . . The Court notes that the operation is ongoing and that the Prime Minister of Israel announced on 18 January 2024 that the war ‘will take many more long months’. At present, many Palestinians in the Gaza Strip have no access to the most basic foodstuffs, potable water, electricity, essential medicines or heating.”

 

22. Evidently, the factual matrix of that case and the background of these advisory proceedings are not identical and, in particular, the request by the General Assembly has a wider scope than South Africa’s Application in at least two respects:

 

(i) in that the requested advisory opinion refers to the policies and practices of Israel in the whole Palestinian Occupied Territory and not only in the Gaza Strip; and

 

(ii) in that it covers all actions that Israel carries out in such territory and not only the actions and omissions by State agents that, according to the Applicant in the contentious case, amount to genocide.

 

23. But the point remains that those policies and practices — which in Colombia’s view contravene essential norms of international law — have taken a turn for the worse as a result of Israel’s military campaign unfolding in Gaza, today a place of death and despair that, in the words of an impartial source, “has simply become uninhabitable”.

 

24. Colombia respectfully submits that the Court should not underestimate the fact that the situation in Gaza has become more deadly over the past months and, therefore, the legal

consequences of such actions must be even more serious today than in the world we were living before this bloodshed started.

 

25. Against that distressing background, and for all the reasons explained above, the Government of Colombia, in line with its policy of pursuing Total Peace both within and beyond its borders, calls upon the Court to avail itself of the opportunity to clarify legal aspects that may pave the way for the parties to resume a fruitful discussion and achieve peace, and support the General Assembly to better assist them in that purpose.

 

IV. VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

 

26. Mr President, let me address now the questions submitted to the Court by the General Assembly. The questions relate to the legal consequences arising

 

(i) from Israel’s ongoing violation of the right of self-determination of the Palestinian people as a result of its prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, and

 

(ii) for all States and the United Nations from this ongoing occupation.

 

27. In order for the Court to rule on those questions, it must first determine

 

(i) whether Israel is violating the right of self-determination of the Palestinian people, and

 

(ii) whether Israel’s prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory since 1967 is in violation of international law.

 

An answer in the affirmative to both questions will then enable the Court to address the ensuing legal consequences.

 

28. With regard to the first issue, as mentioned, in the Wall Advisory Opinion the Court stated that Israel is bound to comply with its obligation to respect the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and, in doing so, it is obliged to respect international humanitarian law and international human rights law. The General Assembly routinely reaffirms such right by means of an annual resolution on the matter.

 

29. Regarding the second point, Israel’s prolonged occupation and further annexation of the Palestinian territory is in manifest violation of the rule of international customary law which clearly prohibits the acquisition of territory by force. It also blatantly ignores the United Nations Charter and the findings of this Court in its Advisory Opinion on the Wall case.

 

30. An occupation that includes the annexation de facto of the occupied territory amounts, in Colombia’s view, to an illegal acquisition of territory by use or threat of force, and to a denial of the right of self-determination. Furthermore, the occupation violates peremptory norms of general international law. In addition, as the Court recalled in its 2004 Advisory Opinion, Israel’s policies and practices involving the establishment of settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory are contrary to the terms of Article 49, paragraph 6, of the Fourth Geneva Convention, to which Israel is a party.

 

31. Given that the Israeli occupation has since its onset been acquisitive in nature and, consequently, its policies and practices in furtherance of that occupation have resulted in imposed persecution, racial discrimination and apartheid over the Palestinian people, it can only be found to be in breach of various international legal obligations incumbent upon Israel.

 

V. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE VIOLATIONS

 

32. Mr President, with regard to the consequences of those violations, Colombia is of the view that Israel’s actions contrary to international law engage its responsibility and therefore entail distinct legal consequences.

 

33. First of all, Israel is obliged to cease its violations and to return to a situation of compliance with the obligations it has breached. Consequently, Israel is bound to put an end to the prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory. It must do so unconditionally, immediately and completely. It must cease the continuing internationally wrongful acts, and should offer appropriate assurances and guarantees of non-repetition. Israel also must respect international humanitarian law and international human rights law vis-à-vis the Palestinian people.

 

34. Moreover, Israel must make reparations for the damage caused. The Court’s jurisprudence on the essential forms of reparation in customary law is clear. Israel likewise has an obligation to compensate, in accordance with the applicable rules of international law, all natural or legal persons having suffered any form of material or immaterial damage as a result of its occupation upon the Palestinian territory.

 

35. Israel has also violated erga omnes obligations, and as the Court indicated in the Barcelona Traction case, such obligations are by their very nature “the concern of all States” and “in view of the importance of the rights involved, all States can be held to have a legal interest in their protection”.

 

36. Given the character and the importance of the rights and obligations involved, it follows that all States are under an obligation not to recognize the illegal situation resulting from the

occupation of the Palestinian territory. They are also under an obligation not to render aid or assistance in maintaining the situation created by such occupation. As the Court has asserted, “it is also for all States, while respecting the United Nations Charter and international law, to see to it that any impediment to the exercise by the Palestinian people of its right to self-determination is brought to an end.”

 

37. Finally, Colombia believes that States must co-operate within the multilateral framework of the United Nations. In the present situation, the Organization, and especially the General Assembly and the Security Council, should consider what further and urgent action is required to bring to an end the illegal situation resulting, in the instant request, from Israel’s illegal occupation. The Court’s guidance is crucial for that purpose.

 

VI. CONCLUSION

 

38. Mr President, to conclude: Colombia respectfully calls upon the International Court of Justice to give the advisory opinion requested by the General Assembly. Ultimately, what is at stake here is ensuring the safety and, indeed, the very existence of the Palestinian people, bearing in mind the real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice to the rights of Palestinians as a consequence of Israel’s occupation, as has been fully documented by international agencies, United Nations organs, and even recently recognized by the Court itself.

 

39. As the Court stated two decades ago, and one of its Members recently recalled, “the United Nations has a permanent responsibility towards the question of Palestine until the question is resolved in all its aspects in a satisfactory manner in accordance with international legitimacy”, and so does the Court, as the principal judicial organ of those United Nations.

 

Thank you, Mr President, Members of the Court. This concludes my presentation on behalf of the Republic of Colombia.

 

[...]

  

Ms MOUSSA: [EGYPT]

 

1. Mr President, distinguished Members of the Court, it is my great honour and privilege to appear on behalf of the Arab Republic of Egypt in this advisory opinion of historical importance in which the General Assembly is once again seeking the Court’s guidance in respect of the question of Palestine. This comes against the backdrop of a 75-year history of displacement, dispossession, collective punishment, and daily, indiscriminate and systematic violence and human suffering of untold proportions.

 

2. Mr President, as we speak, Israel’s brutal onslaught continues to rage in occupied Gaza, where 29,000 innocent civilians have been killed and almost 2.3 million people forcibly transferred and displaced, in violation of international law. Israel is deliberately and wantonly creating conditions of life that are intended to make like in Gaza impossible, imposing siege and starvation including by impeding humanitarian access and the distribution of relief through constant obstruction and bombardment. With the impending attack on Rafah, where 1.4 million people have sought refuge, Israel is continuing its policy of mass forcible expulsion of Palestinian civilians, all while the Security Council repeatedly fails to call for a ceasefire, in callous disregard for Palestinian life.

 

3. Simultaneously, Israel is continuing its illegal practices in the West Bank, scaling up attacks, access restrictions, punitive house demolitions and supporting settler violence that has displaced entire communities. Increased settlement activity continues to erode the basis for a two-State solution, dimming prospects for a lasting peace in the region.

 

4. These ongoing, grave violations of international law by Israel - the occupying Power - are part of a wider policy that seeks to dispossess the Palestinians of their land and assert Israeli sovereignty over it. This is manifestly illegal and renders the occupation, as a whole, unlawful.

 

5. It is shocking that, at this critical moment, some States would rather see this Court abscond its responsibility — as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations - by declining to render this advisory opinion. What message does this send about these States’ respect for international justice and the rule of law?

 

6. Mr President, I will focus my statement on four main points, namely:

 

(1) the Court’s jurisdiction and competence;

 

(2) the legal framework for assessing Israel’s prolonged and illegal occupation, which violates non-derogable principles of international law;

 

(3) the purported justifications of self-defence or military necessity; and

 

(4) finally, I will conclude on the legal consequences and a summary of each of the submissions.

 

7. First, on the matter of jurisdiction and competence, the small number of States objecting to the Court’s exercise of jurisdiction have variously argued that the request is politically motivated, instrumentalizes the Court, circumvents the consent of Israel, covers too vast a scope or will prejudice the peace process and negotiations between the parties.

 

8. Let me recall that the Court has repeatedly and consistently rejected such arguments. In the Kosovo Advisory Opinion, the Court did not concern itself with the motives which may have inspired the request or the political implications of its Opinion. Since the General Assembly is duly authorized under Article 96 (1) of the United Nations Charter, and brought forth its request through a validly adopted resolution, the request, in the Court’s own words, “in principle, should not be refused”. In the Nuclear Weapons and Chagos Advisory Opinions, the Court refused to second- guess the decision of the General Assembly, stating that it “has the right to decide for itself on the usefulness of an opinion in the light of its own needs”.

 

9. Distinguished Members of the Court, the General Assembly has turned to this august Court with what is manifestly a legal question, seeking a legal answer that would indisputably assist in discharging its functions. Allow me to recall that this very Court in the Wall Opinion affirmed the United Nations’ “permanent responsibility towards the question of Palestine” until such time as it may be “resolved in all its aspects in a satisfactory manner in accordance with international legitimacy”.

 

10. In the Wall Opinion, the Court found no merit in the proposition — echoed by some in these proceedings - that the ongoing negotiations constituted a compelling reason to decline its competence. It reached a similar conclusion in the Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion, after noting that its opinion would “have relevance for the continuing debate on the matter in the General Assembly and would present an additional element … on the matter“.

 

11. Indeed, rather than prejudicing the peace process, the present advisory opinion serves not just as an “additional” element but rather an “essential” one for the General Assembly to continue to carry out its role in relation to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. This is absolutely critical given the complete absence of any real prospect for a peaceful solution.

 

12. The Court could not possibly turn its back on this wealth of jurisprudence or disregard the many compelling reasons for it to honour the General Assembly’s request, as summarized so aptly by the representative of Palestine. The Middle East region yearns for peace and stability and a just, comprehensive and lasting resolution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, based on the principles of international law, and the establishment of a viable Palestinian State on the pre-1967 lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital. The legal determination by the Court in the present advisory opinion is indispensable to guide the General Assembly and the international community to achieve this objective.

 

13. Second, Mr President, I turn to the question of the ongoing violation by Israel of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, from its prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967.

 

14. Distinguished Members of the Court, Palestine has been subjected to the longest protracted state of occupation in modern history, as well as de facto and de jure annexation that confirm the unlawful nature of the occupation.

 

15. Israel’s persistent policy of implanting settlements in the West Bank and occupied Jerusalem for the purpose of creating facts on the ground and breaking up the territorial contiguity of the occupied territories, is a blatant disregard for international law. Twenty years ago, the representatives of the State of Palestine laid before this Court the facts of Israel’s intensive settlement and colonization policy, which had, at the time, transferred 400,000 illegal settlers to the occupied Palestinian territories. Today, that number stands at 750,000, deliberately and permanently altering the status of the occupied territories.

 

16. In addition to the policy of de facto annexation, Israel purported to annex East Jerusalem de jure through the Basic Law adopted by the Israeli Knesset in 1980, stipulating “Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel”.

 

17. The very limited number of States defending these policies advance two principal claims, namely that “the legal status of occupation” does not change if the occupation is prolonged or involves illegal violations of jus in bello and that under jus ad bellum, Israeli occupation is lawful since, inter alia, relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions did not declare otherwise.

 

18. Egypt submits that the proposition that occupation is, merely, a de facto situation whose legality cannot be called into question is seriously flawed. As highlighted by a number of participants, the legality of an occupation must be assessed by reference to the United Nations Charter and general international law.

 

19. In fact, Israel’s prolonged occupation violates a number of distinct legal régimes that exist and operate simultaneously and concurrently. These include:

 

(1) the law of occupation, part of the jus in bello, that is characterized by this Court as “intransgressible”;

 

(2) the jus ad bellum and the peremptory prohibition of the acquisition of territory through force;

 

(3) the principle of self-determination, also a peremptory norm of international law, described by this Court as erga omnes and “irreproachable” in the East Timor case; and

 

(4) the fundamental prohibition of racial discrimination, segregation and subjugation.

 

20. It is against this legal framework that the legality of Israel’s policies and practices in the occupied Palestinian territories must be assessed.

 

21. First, with respect to the jus in bello, it is a fundamental principle of international law that an occupying Power is prohibited from changing the status of the occupied territory, as well as its annexation, in whole or in part. It is only entitled to exercise limited powers, intended to be temporary in nature, with the aim of balancing between its own military needs and the protection of the local inhabitants. These are not rights bestowed on the occupying Power, but rather limitations on its authority.

 

22. It flows from this that belligerent occupation is governed by two key principles. First, it is a temporary régime and, second, it cannot transfer sovereignty to the occupying Power. Rather, it freezes the legal order of the occupied territory throughout the duration of the occupation. The occupying authority is merely a de facto administrator, a principle intended to protect both the inhabitants of the occupied territory, as well as “the separate existence of the State, its institutions and its laws”. This is reflected in Article 47 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and is precisely what “distinguishes occupation from annexation”.

 

23. The prohibition of permanently changing the occupied territory extends also to its demographic component. Article 49 of the Fourth Convention prohibits “individual or mass forcible transfer” of civilians outside the occupied territory; and the transfer by the occupying Power of “parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies”. According to the 1958 Commentary, this was intended “to prevent a practice adopted during the Second World War by certain Powers, which transferred portions of their own population to occupied territory for political and racial reasons or in order, as they claimed, to colonize those territories”.

 

24. As demonstrated in Palestine’s statement, there is overwhelming evidence that Israeli support for and maintenance of settlements is intended to permanently alter the demographic composition of the Occupied Palestinian Territory and extend Israeli sovereignty over it. This is coupled with Israel’s mass forcible transfer and forced displacement of the Palestinians in Gaza, through its illegal evacuation orders and indiscriminate use of force, which has been labelled by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory as “ethnic cleansing”.

 

25. It should be highlighted that Article 49 not only prohibits forced transfers, but also, in the Court’s own words, “any measures taken by an occupying Power in order to organize or encourage transfers of parts of its own population into the occupied territory”.

 

26. Numerous resolutions of the General Assembly and Security Council affirmed the illegality of Israel’s settlements, annexation and measures altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem - considering them invalid and a flagrant violation of the Fourth Convention, while requiring Israel to desist from such practices.

 

27. Security Council resolution 298 stated that “all legislative and administrative actions taken by Israel to change the status of the City of Jerusalem, including expropriation of land and properties, transfer of populations and legislation aimed at the incorporation of the occupied section, are totally invalid and cannot change that status”.

 

28. The Security Council also declared in relation to Jerusalem - in resolution 478 (1980) - that Israeli “legislative and administrative measures . . . are null and void . . . and must be rescinded forthwith”. Israel remains in defiance of these and subsequent resolutions, including resolution 2334 (2016) and numerous General Assembly resolutions in addition to the provisions of the Geneva Conventions previously described.

 

29. Israel’s prolonged military rule and its strategic settlement policy, considered a “national value” under Israeli legislation, is essentially a systemic “de-Palestinianization” of the occupied territory, including Jerusalem, intended to permanently change its demographic characteristics, and enhance its Jewish component, thereby achieving the de jure and de facto annexation of that territory. This leads to the conclusion that Israeli occupation is, in fact, an illegal annexation, conquest and de facto colonial endeavour.

 

30. Mr President, the second legal principle by which the legality of Israel’s occupation is to be assessed, is Article 2 (4) of the Charter of the United Nations, which prohibits the acquisition of territory through force; one of the most fundamental principles of the post-UN Charter era.

 

31. The vast majority of States participating in these proceedings submit that Israeli occupation - by virtue of its permanence, de jure and de facto annexation - manifestly violates the principle of inadmissibility of acquiring territory through force. Only one State has attempted to justify Israel’s actions, by contesting the Palestinians’ title to the occupied territories and justifying Israel’s territorial expansion as the product of a defensive war.

 

32. Egypt submits that these claims have no basis in fact or in law and seek to derail the Court by raising issues outside the temporal scope of this request. They are reminiscent of the archaic international law of the nineteenth century that justified territorial conquest through denying the sovereign status of colonized peoples, relegating them to the realm of terra nullius.

 

33. There is, also, no support for the proposition that Israel was acting defensively in 1967. International law recognizes neither pre-emptive nor preventive self-defence and the terms of the United Nations Charter on this matter are clear, requiring an armed attack to occur in order to trigger the right of self-defence. Israel’s attack in 1967 was, therefore, not a defensive but an aggressive war.

 

34. Even if the claim of self-defence were valid — which clearly is not the case — a decades-long occupation is not reconcilable with the customary international law conditions of necessity, immediacy and proportionality. In any event, the issue is a moot one, as it is universally recognized that a State may not gain title to territory through any use of force, regardless of its purported legitimacy.

 

35. These claims also find no basis in Security Council resolution 242, which unequivocally recognized the inadmissibility of acquiring territory through force, demanding Israel’s withdrawal from territories occupied in the recent conflict and emphasizing the duty of all States to act in accordance with Article 2 (4) of the Charter. Resolution 242 was reaffirmed by resolution 338, while the inadmissibility of territorial acquisition through force was confirmed in at least nine subsequent Security Council resolutions. In fact, resolution 471 clearly stated, as far back as 1980, the overriding necessity to end the prolonged occupation of the Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967 including Jerusalem.

 

36. In Egypt’s view, it is clear that under international law, the territorial status of the West Bank, including Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip cannot lawfully be altered through armed conflict. Israel’s protracted occupation, which is coupled with measures to permanently change the demographic characteristics of the occupied territory, and annex parts of the land de facto and de jure in violation of the cardinal principle of the prohibition of the acquisition of territory through force, is therefore, illegal per se and an ongoing violation of international law.

 

37. Distinguished Members of the Court, the third legal principle against which Israel’s

conduct must be assessed is self-determination. Egypt submits that Israel’s indefinite occupation amounts to a nullification and denial of the Palestinian people’s inalienable right to self-determination.

 

38. It is indisputable, that this right — enshrined in Article 1 (2) of the United Nations Charter and both human rights Covenants ÿ is a cardinal principle in modern international law. Its erga omnes character, confirmed by the Court in the East Timor case, entails that all States and international organizations have a legal interest and a duty in respecting and protecting this right.

 

39. This Court already affirmed in the Wall Advisory Opinion the applicability of this right to the “Palestinian people”.

 

40. Mr President, Israel’s indefinite occupation of the Palestinian territories is as a whole inconsistent with the principle of self-determination and breaches three salient aspects of this principle. First, it obstructs the Palestinian people from freely determining their political status, achieving independent statehood, sovereignty and the right of return.

 

41. Second, it deprives Palestinians of their right to pursue their economic, social and cultural development. In gross breach of international law, Israel restricts Palestinians’ access to Jerusalem’s Christian and Muslim holy sites, notably Al-Aqsa Mosque, wantonly depletes Palestinian natural resources, imposes access restrictions to “Area C” and obstructs the movement of goods and people between the West Bank and Gaza, stunting Palestine’s economy and impeding the geographical unity of the State of Palestine.

 

42. Third, the fragmentation and dismemberment of the occupied territories, through Israel’s settlements policy, the wall and measures of de facto and de jure annexation, are a blatant violation of the fundamental principle of the integrity of the self-determination unit. The territorial unit of Palestine includes both the West Bank, including the Holy City of Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. Although Israel withdrew its forces from Gaza in 2005, it still retains effective control by, inter alia: exercising complete control over Gaza’s airspace and territorial waters; the flow of people and goods in and out of Gaza; the Palestinian population registry; and the tax policy and transfer of tax revenues. Israel’s continuing military incursions into Gaza, including the ongoing brutal assault, indicate

Israel’s continuing authority over the territory. Together, the West Bank and Gaza constitute a single territorial unit. This has been confirmed by numerous Security Council resolutions which refer to Gaza as an integral part of the territory occupied in 1967 and of the Palestinian State under the two-State solution.

 

43. Egypt firmly denounces the ongoing obstruction of the Palestinian people’s inalienable, permanent and unqualified right to self-determination, a violation - as argued by Palestine - that is an “essential feature” of Israel’s prolonged occupation.

 

44. One only needs to look at Israel’s vicious, wholesale destruction of Gaza today, after years of imposing the medieval methods of siege and blockade, to realize the extent of Israel’s transgression of this principle. Israel’s prolonged occupation is therefore illegal, per se, and is an ongoing, internationally wrongful act that must be immediately brought to an end by Israel, by immediately ending the occupation.

 

45. The fourth legal principle against which Israel’s conduct must be assessed is the fundamental prohibition of racial discrimination, segregation and subjugation.

 

46. On a daily basis, under occupation, Palestinians face institutionalized discrimination and segregation under a dual legal system, applying different laws to Palestinians and Israelis. Israeli military orders in the occupied territories entrench racial discrimination between Palestinians and Israeli settlers. Israel also implements de facto and de jure measures of racial discrimination, including in the areas of detention, criminal justice, housing, land confiscations and house demolitions. How can such practices - which have been described by a number of participants as “crimes against humanity” - how can they be consistent with any notion of human rights and human dignity in the 21st century?

 

47. Israel is under an obligation to repeal all such legislation that maintains its systematic, oppressive and institutionalized policy of racial discrimination and segregation against the Palestinian people, and to cease all discriminatory policies and practices.

 

48. I now turn to whether self-defence or military necessity may justify Israel’s prolonged occupation.

 

49. The argument that a State may exercise self-defence against a territory under its own military occupation and effective control is counter-intuitive, particularly since the occupying State has the authority and even the obligation to “ensure public order and safety” in the occupied territory.

 

50. In the Wall Advisory Opinion, this Court found that Article 51 of the Charter, which recognizes the inherent right of self-defence, had no relevance, as the acts invoked by Israel were acts arising out of the occupied Palestinian territory, which is under Israeli effective control and not imputable to another State. Egypt finds no reason for the Court to depart from this considered Opinion in the current proceedings.

 

51. The Court also rejected the justification of military necessity. The modern conception of military necessity is strictly limited to the contexts in which it is expressly recognized. It is thus already considered in the formulation of the obligations set out in humanitarian conventions, some of which “expressly exclude reliance on military necessity”.

 

52. For example, no military necessity qualification is permitted under Article 49 (6) of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits the transfer of any part of the occupying Power’s civilian population into an occupied territory. This cannot be justified as a safety measure taken by Israel in the exercise of its prerogatives as an occupying Power.

 

53. According to the legal maxim ex injuria jus non oritur, one should not be able to profit from one’s own wrongdoing. Israel thus cannot invoke self-defence to maintain a situation created by its own illegal conduct, or to justify violations of peremptory norms of international law.

 

54. Distinguished Members of the Court, for how much longer do the Palestinian people need to wait before they are able to exercise their legitimate rights under international law? For how much longer will the United Nations continue to manage the humanitarian impacts of Israeli violations, without addressing their root cause? History will judge us for how we respond today.

 

55. Egypt respectfully submits that the Court should advise the General Assembly that:

 

(1) the prolonged Israeli occupation is, per se, a continuing violation of international law for its breach of: (i) the jus in bello; (ii) the prohibition of the acquisition of territory through force; (iii) the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people; and (iv) the prohibition of racial discrimination, segregation and subjugation.

 

(2) Israel — as the wrongdoing State - is obliged to make full reparation through restitution, compensation and satisfaction, either singly or in combination, by ceasing immediately and unconditionally its unlawful occupation of Palestinian territory, and rescinding the associated unlawful policies and practices of annexation, settlements and discriminatory legislation.

 

(3) All States have a duty not to recognize the illegal situation created by Israel’s ongoing violation, resulting from its prolonged occupation, settlement and annexation of the occupied territory, and not to render aid or assistance in maintaining that situation.

 

56. Mr President, the consequences of Israel’s prolonged occupation are clear, and there can be no peace, no security, no stability, no prosperity in the Middle East, without upholding justice and the rule of law for the Palestinian people. I thank you.

 

The PRESIDENT: I thank the delegation of Egypt for its presentation. Before I invite the next delegation to make its oral statement, the Court will observe a break for 10 minutes. The sitting is suspended.

 

The Court adjourned from 11.25 a.m. to 11.40 a.m.

The new Twin Forestry series is the ultimate tribute to the business and the people who make it. Expect even better traction, stability and accessibility thanks to exclusive new tread designs, improved resistance properties and better-than-ever track compatibility.

Finnish Army Soldiers taking part in Exercise Arctic Sheild: The aim of the exercise was to develop the performance of the ground in arctic conditions, to test the skills of a trained group and to increase compatibility with Swedish soldiers December 2018

 

Photo: Maavoimat - Armén - The Finnish Army

 

bit.ly/1dcVKFz

 

With a view to make the yearly life of people quite secure, constructive, successful and happy, and rather prosperous, offered by us are horoscopes 2014, monthly calendars including the printable calendar 2014, and suggestions for splendid new year 2014 celebrations. All these things are of vital importance and usefulness in the daily, monthly, and yearly life of people that differ in age, occupation, financial status, attitude, and ambition. We hope that children, school-students, college and university students, professionals, businesspersons, companies, firms, teachers, and other people of the society will find these things very helpful, for the cherished happiness, progress, and prosperity in the year 2014. The outstanding and impressive features and diverse utilities of each of these things of general interest are described separately in the paragraphs below.

 

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BENRO TMS07A Macro tripod

MANFROTTO 492 Micro Ball Head

Closed 38cm

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Together 830 gr

 

Product: Mesh Oak Plank Pathway

 

▶ High-Quality 2K Textures: Includes diffuse map, normal and roughness within the product folder.

 

▶ PBR Material Set: Designed for realistic rendering, with compatibility for non-PBR viewers.

 

▶ Sample Object Included: For immediate application and testing.

 

▶ Fully Copy & Modify: Customize to your specific project needs.

 

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How awesome this could be?

 

Strobist info : 1 Yongnuo YN-460 ( 1/1 power ) through DIY beauty dish, bounce up at camera left, white cardboard reflector at the front of the camera for fill in. Trig wirelessly with CTR-301P.

Finnish Army Soldiers taking part in Exercise Arctic Sheild: The aim of the exercise was to develop the performance of the ground in arctic conditions, to test the skills of a trained group and to increase compatibility with Swedish soldiers December 2018

 

Photo: Maavoimat - Armén - The Finnish Army

 

Somehow Gibson custom shop forgot to check the compatibility of the case and the lacquer!? Wtf?

he Olympus SP-610UZ Digital Camera (Black) is a very talented performer among compact digital cameras--it boasts 14Mp resolution and a 22x wide-angle zoom lens (28-616mm equivalent) that can handle just about any type of photo you're interested in, from wide-angle landscapes to parties to portraits to sports and wildlife photography.

 

With Dual Image Stabilization and up to 3200 ISO sensitivity, your pictures will be sharp and clear, even in dim light or using the longest telephoto setting. There's more to the SP-610UZ, though--like 720p HD video, a bright 3" LCD monitor, a 3D mode, built-in flash, Eye-Fi compatibility, and 30 shooting modes. 8 Magic Filters boost your creativity with effects like Pop Art, Pinhole, Fisheye, Soft Focus, etc.

 

This compact, lightweight camera is compatible with SD, SDHC, and high-capacity SDXC memory cards, and it runs on 4 easy-to-find AA batteries.

 

14 Megapixels

An amazing 14 million pixels in the high-resolution CCD create superior image quality. Create poster-sized prints without losing a single detail

22x Wide-Angle Optical Zoom

All the capabilities you need in one compact lens. The 22x optical zoom gets you amazingly close to the action while the 28mm wide-angle lens lets you capture breathtaking panoramas

3" LCD

The huge 3-inch LCD features an extra-wide viewing angle for easier composing and shooting

HD Movie 720p

A simple, one-touch button allows you to record movies with amazing clarity in high-definition, right from your camera

Dual Image Stabilization

Dual Image Stabilization combines Sensor-Shift Image Stabilization with high ISO sensitivity and fast shutter speeds to capture crisp, clear images in any situation

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Discover the depth of 3D stills. From macro shots to landscapes, Olympus' 3D technology shoots two pictures and combines them into one image for a dramatic effect when viewed on a 3D device. Perfect for bringing your memories to life

Wi-Fi Compatibility (With Eye-Fi Card)

No need for cables or even a computer. Upload or email images directly from your camera with an optional Eye-Fi card

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Captures three images and stitches them together to create one amazing panoramic picture by simply pressing the shutter button and slowly panning across a panoramic scene

Magic Filter Still & Movie

Add style and artistic flair to stills and movies with Olympus' Magic Art Filters. Joining, Pop Art, Pin Hole, Drawing, Fish Eye, and Soft Focus are the new Punk, which creates a two tone image with a classic punk rock feel, Watercolor, which transforms images into frame-worthy paintings, and Sparkle, which adds a twinkle to your photos

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TruePic III +

A TruPic III+ Image Processor, first developed for professional digital SLRs, knows precisely how to deliver true-to-life color, the sharpest details, and less noise

Additional Specifications

Battery life: 340 shots with alkaline; System requirements: Auto-connect USB, Windows 2000 PRO, XP, Vista, 7, Mac OS X 10.3-10.5; Pet auto-shutter; Playback edit effects: Still image: Beauty Fix, Resize, Cropping, Saturation; Image Playback: Still Image: Single, Index display (4 x 3, 6 x 5), Up to 10x Enlargement, Slideshow, Rotation, Protection, Histogram, Voice Playback, Movie: Normal, Fast-Forward, Reverse, Frame-by-Frame, Voice Playback; Shooting assist functions: histogram, frame assist, voice recording; Continuous shooting: High speed: 11.8 frames per second / 24 images (3Mp), Normal speed: 1.1 frames per second / 9 images (14Mp); Panorama: In-camera (card), PC Panorama (up to 10 frames automatically stitchable with ib software); Shooting modes: 30 Shooting Modes; Intelligent Auto, Program Auto, Sensor-Shift Image Stabilization, Panorama, Magic Mode, 3D Mode, Scene Modes (1. Portrait, 2. Beauty, 3. Landscape, 4. Night Scene, 5. Night+Portrait, 6. Sport, 7. Indoor, 8. Candle, 9. Self-Portrait, 10. Sunset, 11. Fireworks, 12. Cuisine, 13. Documents, 14. Beach & Snow, 15. Pet (cat), 16. Pet (dog)), HD Movie, Magic Filter (Pop Art, Pinhole, Fisheye, Drawing, Soft Focus, Punk, Sparkle, Watercolor);

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

  

Some background:

Following Hungary's membership of NATO in 1999, there were several proposals to achieve a NATO-compatible fighter force. Considerable attention went into studying second-hand aircraft options as well as modifying the nation's existing MiG-29 fleet. In 2001, Hungary received several offers of new and used aircraft from various nations, including Sweden, Belgium, Israel, Turkey, and the US. Although the Hungarian government initially intended to procure the F-16, in November 2001 it was in the process of negotiating a 10-year lease contract for 12 Gripen aircraft from Sweden, with an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease period.

As part of the procurement arrangements, Saab had offered an offset deal valued at 110 per cent of the cost of the 14 fighters. Initially, Hungary had planned to lease several Batch II Saab 39s; however, the inability to conduct aerial refueling and weapons compatibility limitations had generated Hungarian misgivings. The contract was then renegotiated and eventually signed on 2 February 2003 for a total of 14 Gripens, which had originally been A/B standard and had undergone an extensive upgrade process to the NATO-compatible C/D 'Export Gripen' standard. At the same time, the need for an advanced jet trainer as a replacement for the Hungarian Air Force’s last eight MiG-21UM aircraft became more and more imminent. The Gripen two-seaters alone could not cope with this task and were operationally too expensive to be used as trainers, so that Hungary requested an additional offer for a small number of Sk 90 trainers from Swedish surplus stock.

 

Developed under the designation FSK900, the Saab Sk 90 was a replacement for the Saab 105 (also known as Saab Sk 60) transitional trainer, light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. The FSK900 was a conservative design, with a configurational resemblance to the Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet, even though the FSK900 was overall bigger and heavier, and the two machines could be easily told apart at a glance.

The Swedish Air Force accepted Saab’s design, leading to a contract for two nonflying static-test airframes and four flying prototypes. Detail design was complete by the end of 1993 and prototype construction began in the spring of 1994, leading to the initial prototype’s first flight on 29 July 1994. The first production Sk 90 A, how the basic trainer type was officially dubbed, was delivered to the Swedish Air Force in 1996.

A total of 108 production Sk 90s were built until 1999 for Sweden in several versions. The initial Sk 90 A trainer was the most common variant and the basis for the Sk 90 B version, which carried a weather radar as well as more sophisticated avionics that enabled the deployment of a wider range of weapons and other ordnance. However, this version was not adopted by the Swedish air force but exported to Austria as the Sk 90 Ö. Another variant was the S 90 C (for “Spaning” = reconnaissance); a small number was produced with a set of cameras in the nose for the Swedish Air Force, where it replaced the ground attack/reconnaissance Sk 60 Cs.

 

In service, the Sk 90 was regarded as strong, agile, and pleasant to fly, while being cheap to operate. But despite its qualities and potential, the Sk 90 did not attain much foreign interest, primarily suffering from bad timing and from the focus on domestic demands. The aircraft came effectively 10 years too late to become a serious export success, and in the end the Sk 90 was very similar to the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet (even though it was cheaper to operate), at a time when the German Luftwaffe started to prematurely phase out its attack-capable variant and flooded the global market with cheap secondhand aircraft in excellent condition. Furthermore, the Saab Sk 90 had on the global market with the BAe Hawk another proven competitor with a long and positive operational track record all over the world.

 

Beyond Hungary, potential Sk 90 buyers were Malaysia as well as Singapore, Myanmar, Finland, and Poland. Austria eventually procured 36 Sk 90 Ö in 2002, replacing its Saab 105 fleet and keeping up its close connection with Saab since the Seventies. A late operator became the independent Republic of Scotland in 2017, with a dozen leased secondhand Saab Sk 90 A trainers which were later purchased.

 

The Swedish Sk 90 offer for Hungary was a 10-year lease contract similar to the Gripen package, and comprised five refurbished Sk 90 A trainers from the first production batch, which had been stored in Sweden for spares. The Hungarian Sk 90 deal also included an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of their lease period. In parallel, to save maintenance costs for the relatively small fleet of a completely new/different aircraft type, an agreement with neighboring neutral Austria could be arranged to outsource major overhauls to the Austrian Air Force and its newly established Sk 90 Ö service base at Linz – a deal from which both sides benefited. However, to improve flight safety over Austria’s mountainous terrain during these transfer flights, the Hungarian Sk 90 As had a simple navigational radar retrofitted with a small radome in their noses. Otherwise, the machines were basically identical with the original Swedish aircraft.

 

The aircraft were flown under civil registration from Sweden to Hungary between April and September 2005. To keep the distance to their Austrian service station short, the machines were not allocated to the 59th Air Regiment at Kecskemét Air Base, where the Hungarian Gripen fleet was based, but rather to the 47th Air Regiment at Pápa Air Base in Northwestern Hungary, where the last Hungarian MiG-21UM trainers had been operated. These were fully retired in 2008.

Beyond their primary role as advanced/jet conversion trainers, the Hungarian Sk 90 As were also intended to be used for tactical reconnaissance duties with Orpheus pods with daylight cameras and an infrared line scanner, inherited from the Italian Air Force, as light attack aircraft and ─ armed with gun pods and air-to-air missiles ─ as (anti-tank) helicopter hunters. Reflecting these low-level tasks, the machines received a tactical camouflage in green and tan, similar to the former MiG-21s, instead of the Gripens’ all-grey air superiority scheme.

 

While the Hungarian Air Force operated its total of 14 Gripen and 5 Sk 90 aircraft under lease, in 2011, the country reportedly intended to purchase these aircraft outright. However, in January 2012, the Hungarian and Swedish governments agreed to extend the lease period for a further ten years. According to Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende, this agreement represented considerable cost savings, so that the running business model was retained. The service agreement with Austria could be extended, too.

 

One Sk 90 A was lost in a landing accident in May 2016, and two Gripens had to be written off through accidents in the meantime, too. To fill these gaps, Hungary signed a replacement contract in 2018 to come back to its full fleet of 14 Gripen, and the Sk 90 A fleet was expanded to seven aircraft. These new machines were delivered in 2019.

  

General characteristics:

Crew: two pilots in tandem

Length incl. pitot: 13.0 m (42 ft 8 in)

Wingspan: 9.94 m (32 ft 7 in)

Height: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)

Empty weight: 3,790 kg (8,360 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 7,500 kg (16,530 lb)

 

Powerplant:

2× Williams International FJ44-4M turbofans without reheat, rated at 16.89 kN (3,790 lbst) each

 

Performance:

Maximum speed: 1,038 km/h (645 mph)

Stall speed: 167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn)

Range: 1,670 km (900 nm; 1,036 m) with two 450 L (99 imp gal; 120 US gal) drop tanks

Service ceiling: 15,240 m (50,000 ft)

Rate of climb: 51 m/s (10,000 ft/min)

 

Armament:

No internal gun; five hardpoints for 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of payload and a variety of ordnance,

including AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles and a conformal, ventral gun pod (not used by the Hungarian

Air Force, instead, UPK-23-250 pods with a fixed twin-barrel GSh-23L cannon and 200-250 rounds

were carried under the fuselage and/or the inner wing hardpoints)

 

The kit and its assembly:

This additional member of my fictional Sk 90 family came spontaneously when I studied information concerning the MiG-21. I came across the Hungarian trainers and wondered with what they could have been replaced after 2000 – and “my” fictional Sk 90 came to my mind. I also had a suitable decal set in store, so I dug out a(nother) Hasegawa T-4 and created this whiffy Hungarian variant.

 

The kit is the old/first T-4 mold; Hasegawa did the T-4 twice, and both kits differ considerably from each other in their construction. The first one has a fuselage consisting of two simple halves with separate wings attached to it; the later mold features a separate cockpit section and a single dorsal wing section, so that the wings’ anhedral is ensured upon assembly.

The air intakes are also different: the old mold features ducts which are open at their ends, while the new mold comes with additional inserts for the intakes which end in a concave wall, making them hard to paint. The fin of the old kit consists of two full halves, while the new one has the rudder molded into just one half of the fin for a thinner trailing edge. The same goes for the wings’ upper halves: on the new mold, they comprise the full flaps and ailerons, while the old kit has them split up, resulting in a marginally thicker training edge. However, you can hardly recognize this and it’s IMHO not a flaw.

Personally, I prefer the old kit, because it is much more straightforward and pleasant to build – even though some details like the main landing gear struts are better on the new mold.

 

The (old) kit itself is relatively simple and fit is quite good, even though some PSR was necessary on almost every seam. The only mods I made are additional emergency handles on the seats (made from thin wire), and I added an Orpheus recce pod under the fuselage with an integral pylon, left over from an Italeri F-104G kit. The OOB underwing pylons were used, together with the original drop tanks.

  

Painting and markings:

The prime reason for a Hungarian Sk 90 was the paint scheme, and the fact that I have a sweet spot for Hungary in genarl. The livery was adapted from the late Hungarian MiG-21bis, a more or less symmetrical pattern consisting of a yellowish light tan and a bluish dark green, with light blue undersides. It’s actually a very simple paint scheme, and my adaptation is a free interpretation, since the T-4’s layout with shoulder-mounted wings is quite different from the sleek Fishbed with mid-mounted delta wings.

 

Finding good color matches was not easy, because pictures of reference Hungarian MiG-21s show a wide variety of green and brown shades, even though I assume that this is just weathering. I found some good pictures of a late MiG-21UM trainer with an apparently fresh paint job, and these suggested a hard contrast between the upper tones. With this benchmark I settled for Humbrol 63 (Sand), and Modelmaster 2091 (RLM 82, Dunkelgrün). The undersides were painted with Humbrol 47 (Sea Blue Gloss), since they appeared rather bright and pale in reference pictures.

The cockpit interior was painted in medium grey (Revell 47), the landing gear and the air intakes in white (Revell 301), very conservative. The Orpheus pod was painted in light grey (FS 36375, Humbrol 127) to set it apart from the light blue undersurfaces. The drop tanks were painted in green and blue.

 

National markings, the large orange “47” decoration and the small emblems on nose and fin came from a Mistercraft MiG-21UM decal sheet. The tactical code in red, etched with white, was created with single digits from a Hungarian Aero Decals (HAD) sheet for Mi-24s, reflecting the aircraft’s (fictional) serial numbers’ final three digits.

Finally, after some light weathering and post-shading (for a slightly sun-bleached look, esp. on the upper surfaces), the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).

  

Number four in my growing Sk 90 family, and certainly not the last one. A quick and simple project since the model itself was built almost OOB, and the “old” Hasegawa T-4 is really a simple build. However, I am amazed (once more) how much potential a T-4 travesty bears: even in Hungarian colors and markings this whif looks disturbingly convincing. The green/brown/blue paint scheme suits the aircraft well, too, even though it looks a lot like an Alpha Jet now, and there’s even a Su-25ish look to it?!

Featuring :

- Xbox360/PS3/PC compatibility

- XL Size

- Seimtisu buttons with LED's

- Button press light-up

- clear bubbletop

- See through bottom

- Neutrik for removable cable

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

  

Some background:

Following Hungary's membership of NATO in 1999, there were several proposals to achieve a NATO-compatible fighter force. Considerable attention went into studying second-hand aircraft options as well as modifying the nation's existing MiG-29 fleet. In 2001, Hungary received several offers of new and used aircraft from various nations, including Sweden, Belgium, Israel, Turkey, and the US. Although the Hungarian government initially intended to procure the F-16, in November 2001 it was in the process of negotiating a 10-year lease contract for 12 Gripen aircraft from Sweden, with an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease period.

As part of the procurement arrangements, Saab had offered an offset deal valued at 110 per cent of the cost of the 14 fighters. Initially, Hungary had planned to lease several Batch II Saab 39s; however, the inability to conduct aerial refueling and weapons compatibility limitations had generated Hungarian misgivings. The contract was then renegotiated and eventually signed on 2 February 2003 for a total of 14 Gripens, which had originally been A/B standard and had undergone an extensive upgrade process to the NATO-compatible C/D 'Export Gripen' standard. At the same time, the need for an advanced jet trainer as a replacement for the Hungarian Air Force’s last eight MiG-21UM aircraft became more and more imminent. The Gripen two-seaters alone could not cope with this task and were operationally too expensive to be used as trainers, so that Hungary requested an additional offer for a small number of Sk 90 trainers from Swedish surplus stock.

 

Developed under the designation FSK900, the Saab Sk 90 was a replacement for the Saab 105 (also known as Saab Sk 60) transitional trainer, light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. The FSK900 was a conservative design, with a configurational resemblance to the Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet, even though the FSK900 was overall bigger and heavier, and the two machines could be easily told apart at a glance.

The Swedish Air Force accepted Saab’s design, leading to a contract for two nonflying static-test airframes and four flying prototypes. Detail design was complete by the end of 1993 and prototype construction began in the spring of 1994, leading to the initial prototype’s first flight on 29 July 1994. The first production Sk 90 A, how the basic trainer type was officially dubbed, was delivered to the Swedish Air Force in 1996.

A total of 108 production Sk 90s were built until 1999 for Sweden in several versions. The initial Sk 90 A trainer was the most common variant and the basis for the Sk 90 B version, which carried a weather radar as well as more sophisticated avionics that enabled the deployment of a wider range of weapons and other ordnance. However, this version was not adopted by the Swedish air force but exported to Austria as the Sk 90 Ö. Another variant was the S 90 C (for “Spaning” = reconnaissance); a small number was produced with a set of cameras in the nose for the Swedish Air Force, where it replaced the ground attack/reconnaissance Sk 60 Cs.

 

In service, the Sk 90 was regarded as strong, agile, and pleasant to fly, while being cheap to operate. But despite its qualities and potential, the Sk 90 did not attain much foreign interest, primarily suffering from bad timing and from the focus on domestic demands. The aircraft came effectively 10 years too late to become a serious export success, and in the end the Sk 90 was very similar to the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet (even though it was cheaper to operate), at a time when the German Luftwaffe started to prematurely phase out its attack-capable variant and flooded the global market with cheap secondhand aircraft in excellent condition. Furthermore, the Saab Sk 90 had on the global market with the BAe Hawk another proven competitor with a long and positive operational track record all over the world.

 

Beyond Hungary, potential Sk 90 buyers were Malaysia as well as Singapore, Myanmar, Finland, and Poland. Austria eventually procured 36 Sk 90 Ö in 2002, replacing its Saab 105 fleet and keeping up its close connection with Saab since the Seventies. A late operator became the independent Republic of Scotland in 2017, with a dozen leased secondhand Saab Sk 90 A trainers which were later purchased.

 

The Swedish Sk 90 offer for Hungary was a 10-year lease contract similar to the Gripen package, and comprised five refurbished Sk 90 A trainers from the first production batch, which had been stored in Sweden for spares. The Hungarian Sk 90 deal also included an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of their lease period. In parallel, to save maintenance costs for the relatively small fleet of a completely new/different aircraft type, an agreement with neighboring neutral Austria could be arranged to outsource major overhauls to the Austrian Air Force and its newly established Sk 90 Ö service base at Linz – a deal from which both sides benefited. However, to improve flight safety over Austria’s mountainous terrain during these transfer flights, the Hungarian Sk 90 As had a simple navigational radar retrofitted with a small radome in their noses. Otherwise, the machines were basically identical with the original Swedish aircraft.

 

The aircraft were flown under civil registration from Sweden to Hungary between April and September 2005. To keep the distance to their Austrian service station short, the machines were not allocated to the 59th Air Regiment at Kecskemét Air Base, where the Hungarian Gripen fleet was based, but rather to the 47th Air Regiment at Pápa Air Base in Northwestern Hungary, where the last Hungarian MiG-21UM trainers had been operated. These were fully retired in 2008.

Beyond their primary role as advanced/jet conversion trainers, the Hungarian Sk 90 As were also intended to be used for tactical reconnaissance duties with Orpheus pods with daylight cameras and an infrared line scanner, inherited from the Italian Air Force, as light attack aircraft and ─ armed with gun pods and air-to-air missiles ─ as (anti-tank) helicopter hunters. Reflecting these low-level tasks, the machines received a tactical camouflage in green and tan, similar to the former MiG-21s, instead of the Gripens’ all-grey air superiority scheme.

 

While the Hungarian Air Force operated its total of 14 Gripen and 5 Sk 90 aircraft under lease, in 2011, the country reportedly intended to purchase these aircraft outright. However, in January 2012, the Hungarian and Swedish governments agreed to extend the lease period for a further ten years. According to Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende, this agreement represented considerable cost savings, so that the running business model was retained. The service agreement with Austria could be extended, too.

 

One Sk 90 A was lost in a landing accident in May 2016, and two Gripens had to be written off through accidents in the meantime, too. To fill these gaps, Hungary signed a replacement contract in 2018 to come back to its full fleet of 14 Gripen, and the Sk 90 A fleet was expanded to seven aircraft. These new machines were delivered in 2019.

  

General characteristics:

Crew: two pilots in tandem

Length incl. pitot: 13.0 m (42 ft 8 in)

Wingspan: 9.94 m (32 ft 7 in)

Height: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)

Empty weight: 3,790 kg (8,360 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 7,500 kg (16,530 lb)

 

Powerplant:

2× Williams International FJ44-4M turbofans without reheat, rated at 16.89 kN (3,790 lbst) each

 

Performance:

Maximum speed: 1,038 km/h (645 mph)

Stall speed: 167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn)

Range: 1,670 km (900 nm; 1,036 m) with two 450 L (99 imp gal; 120 US gal) drop tanks

Service ceiling: 15,240 m (50,000 ft)

Rate of climb: 51 m/s (10,000 ft/min)

 

Armament:

No internal gun; five hardpoints for 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of payload and a variety of ordnance,

including AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles and a conformal, ventral gun pod (not used by the Hungarian

Air Force, instead, UPK-23-250 pods with a fixed twin-barrel GSh-23L cannon and 200-250 rounds

were carried under the fuselage and/or the inner wing hardpoints)

 

The kit and its assembly:

This additional member of my fictional Sk 90 family came spontaneously when I studied information concerning the MiG-21. I came across the Hungarian trainers and wondered with what they could have been replaced after 2000 – and “my” fictional Sk 90 came to my mind. I also had a suitable decal set in store, so I dug out a(nother) Hasegawa T-4 and created this whiffy Hungarian variant.

 

The kit is the old/first T-4 mold; Hasegawa did the T-4 twice, and both kits differ considerably from each other in their construction. The first one has a fuselage consisting of two simple halves with separate wings attached to it; the later mold features a separate cockpit section and a single dorsal wing section, so that the wings’ anhedral is ensured upon assembly.

The air intakes are also different: the old mold features ducts which are open at their ends, while the new mold comes with additional inserts for the intakes which end in a concave wall, making them hard to paint. The fin of the old kit consists of two full halves, while the new one has the rudder molded into just one half of the fin for a thinner trailing edge. The same goes for the wings’ upper halves: on the new mold, they comprise the full flaps and ailerons, while the old kit has them split up, resulting in a marginally thicker training edge. However, you can hardly recognize this and it’s IMHO not a flaw.

Personally, I prefer the old kit, because it is much more straightforward and pleasant to build – even though some details like the main landing gear struts are better on the new mold.

 

The (old) kit itself is relatively simple and fit is quite good, even though some PSR was necessary on almost every seam. The only mods I made are additional emergency handles on the seats (made from thin wire), and I added an Orpheus recce pod under the fuselage with an integral pylon, left over from an Italeri F-104G kit. The OOB underwing pylons were used, together with the original drop tanks.

  

Painting and markings:

The prime reason for a Hungarian Sk 90 was the paint scheme, and the fact that I have a sweet spot for Hungary in genarl. The livery was adapted from the late Hungarian MiG-21bis, a more or less symmetrical pattern consisting of a yellowish light tan and a bluish dark green, with light blue undersides. It’s actually a very simple paint scheme, and my adaptation is a free interpretation, since the T-4’s layout with shoulder-mounted wings is quite different from the sleek Fishbed with mid-mounted delta wings.

 

Finding good color matches was not easy, because pictures of reference Hungarian MiG-21s show a wide variety of green and brown shades, even though I assume that this is just weathering. I found some good pictures of a late MiG-21UM trainer with an apparently fresh paint job, and these suggested a hard contrast between the upper tones. With this benchmark I settled for Humbrol 63 (Sand), and Modelmaster 2091 (RLM 82, Dunkelgrün). The undersides were painted with Humbrol 47 (Sea Blue Gloss), since they appeared rather bright and pale in reference pictures.

The cockpit interior was painted in medium grey (Revell 47), the landing gear and the air intakes in white (Revell 301), very conservative. The Orpheus pod was painted in light grey (FS 36375, Humbrol 127) to set it apart from the light blue undersurfaces. The drop tanks were painted in green and blue.

 

National markings, the large orange “47” decoration and the small emblems on nose and fin came from a Mistercraft MiG-21UM decal sheet. The tactical code in red, etched with white, was created with single digits from a Hungarian Aero Decals (HAD) sheet for Mi-24s, reflecting the aircraft’s (fictional) serial numbers’ final three digits.

Finally, after some light weathering and post-shading (for a slightly sun-bleached look, esp. on the upper surfaces), the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).

  

Number four in my growing Sk 90 family, and certainly not the last one. A quick and simple project since the model itself was built almost OOB, and the “old” Hasegawa T-4 is really a simple build. However, I am amazed (once more) how much potential a T-4 travesty bears: even in Hungarian colors and markings this whif looks disturbingly convincing. The green/brown/blue paint scheme suits the aircraft well, too, even though it looks a lot like an Alpha Jet now, and there’s even a Su-25ish look to it?!

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

  

Some background:

Following Hungary's membership of NATO in 1999, there were several proposals to achieve a NATO-compatible fighter force. Considerable attention went into studying second-hand aircraft options as well as modifying the nation's existing MiG-29 fleet. In 2001, Hungary received several offers of new and used aircraft from various nations, including Sweden, Belgium, Israel, Turkey, and the US. Although the Hungarian government initially intended to procure the F-16, in November 2001 it was in the process of negotiating a 10-year lease contract for 12 Gripen aircraft from Sweden, with an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease period.

As part of the procurement arrangements, Saab had offered an offset deal valued at 110 per cent of the cost of the 14 fighters. Initially, Hungary had planned to lease several Batch II Saab 39s; however, the inability to conduct aerial refueling and weapons compatibility limitations had generated Hungarian misgivings. The contract was then renegotiated and eventually signed on 2 February 2003 for a total of 14 Gripens, which had originally been A/B standard and had undergone an extensive upgrade process to the NATO-compatible C/D 'Export Gripen' standard. At the same time, the need for an advanced jet trainer as a replacement for the Hungarian Air Force’s last eight MiG-21UM aircraft became more and more imminent. The Gripen two-seaters alone could not cope with this task and were operationally too expensive to be used as trainers, so that Hungary requested an additional offer for a small number of Sk 90 trainers from Swedish surplus stock.

 

Developed under the designation FSK900, the Saab Sk 90 was a replacement for the Saab 105 (also known as Saab Sk 60) transitional trainer, light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. The FSK900 was a conservative design, with a configurational resemblance to the Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet, even though the FSK900 was overall bigger and heavier, and the two machines could be easily told apart at a glance.

The Swedish Air Force accepted Saab’s design, leading to a contract for two nonflying static-test airframes and four flying prototypes. Detail design was complete by the end of 1993 and prototype construction began in the spring of 1994, leading to the initial prototype’s first flight on 29 July 1994. The first production Sk 90 A, how the basic trainer type was officially dubbed, was delivered to the Swedish Air Force in 1996.

A total of 108 production Sk 90s were built until 1999 for Sweden in several versions. The initial Sk 90 A trainer was the most common variant and the basis for the Sk 90 B version, which carried a weather radar as well as more sophisticated avionics that enabled the deployment of a wider range of weapons and other ordnance. However, this version was not adopted by the Swedish air force but exported to Austria as the Sk 90 Ö. Another variant was the S 90 C (for “Spaning” = reconnaissance); a small number was produced with a set of cameras in the nose for the Swedish Air Force, where it replaced the ground attack/reconnaissance Sk 60 Cs.

 

In service, the Sk 90 was regarded as strong, agile, and pleasant to fly, while being cheap to operate. But despite its qualities and potential, the Sk 90 did not attain much foreign interest, primarily suffering from bad timing and from the focus on domestic demands. The aircraft came effectively 10 years too late to become a serious export success, and in the end the Sk 90 was very similar to the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet (even though it was cheaper to operate), at a time when the German Luftwaffe started to prematurely phase out its attack-capable variant and flooded the global market with cheap secondhand aircraft in excellent condition. Furthermore, the Saab Sk 90 had on the global market with the BAe Hawk another proven competitor with a long and positive operational track record all over the world.

 

Beyond Hungary, potential Sk 90 buyers were Malaysia as well as Singapore, Myanmar, Finland, and Poland. Austria eventually procured 36 Sk 90 Ö in 2002, replacing its Saab 105 fleet and keeping up its close connection with Saab since the Seventies. A late operator became the independent Republic of Scotland in 2017, with a dozen leased secondhand Saab Sk 90 A trainers which were later purchased.

 

The Swedish Sk 90 offer for Hungary was a 10-year lease contract similar to the Gripen package, and comprised five refurbished Sk 90 A trainers from the first production batch, which had been stored in Sweden for spares. The Hungarian Sk 90 deal also included an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of their lease period. In parallel, to save maintenance costs for the relatively small fleet of a completely new/different aircraft type, an agreement with neighboring neutral Austria could be arranged to outsource major overhauls to the Austrian Air Force and its newly established Sk 90 Ö service base at Linz – a deal from which both sides benefited. However, to improve flight safety over Austria’s mountainous terrain during these transfer flights, the Hungarian Sk 90 As had a simple navigational radar retrofitted with a small radome in their noses. Otherwise, the machines were basically identical with the original Swedish aircraft.

 

The aircraft were flown under civil registration from Sweden to Hungary between April and September 2005. To keep the distance to their Austrian service station short, the machines were not allocated to the 59th Air Regiment at Kecskemét Air Base, where the Hungarian Gripen fleet was based, but rather to the 47th Air Regiment at Pápa Air Base in Northwestern Hungary, where the last Hungarian MiG-21UM trainers had been operated. These were fully retired in 2008.

Beyond their primary role as advanced/jet conversion trainers, the Hungarian Sk 90 As were also intended to be used for tactical reconnaissance duties with Orpheus pods with daylight cameras and an infrared line scanner, inherited from the Italian Air Force, as light attack aircraft and ─ armed with gun pods and air-to-air missiles ─ as (anti-tank) helicopter hunters. Reflecting these low-level tasks, the machines received a tactical camouflage in green and tan, similar to the former MiG-21s, instead of the Gripens’ all-grey air superiority scheme.

 

While the Hungarian Air Force operated its total of 14 Gripen and 5 Sk 90 aircraft under lease, in 2011, the country reportedly intended to purchase these aircraft outright. However, in January 2012, the Hungarian and Swedish governments agreed to extend the lease period for a further ten years. According to Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende, this agreement represented considerable cost savings, so that the running business model was retained. The service agreement with Austria could be extended, too.

 

One Sk 90 A was lost in a landing accident in May 2016, and two Gripens had to be written off through accidents in the meantime, too. To fill these gaps, Hungary signed a replacement contract in 2018 to come back to its full fleet of 14 Gripen, and the Sk 90 A fleet was expanded to seven aircraft. These new machines were delivered in 2019.

  

General characteristics:

Crew: two pilots in tandem

Length incl. pitot: 13.0 m (42 ft 8 in)

Wingspan: 9.94 m (32 ft 7 in)

Height: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)

Empty weight: 3,790 kg (8,360 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 7,500 kg (16,530 lb)

 

Powerplant:

2× Williams International FJ44-4M turbofans without reheat, rated at 16.89 kN (3,790 lbst) each

 

Performance:

Maximum speed: 1,038 km/h (645 mph)

Stall speed: 167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn)

Range: 1,670 km (900 nm; 1,036 m) with two 450 L (99 imp gal; 120 US gal) drop tanks

Service ceiling: 15,240 m (50,000 ft)

Rate of climb: 51 m/s (10,000 ft/min)

 

Armament:

No internal gun; five hardpoints for 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of payload and a variety of ordnance,

including AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles and a conformal, ventral gun pod (not used by the Hungarian

Air Force, instead, UPK-23-250 pods with a fixed twin-barrel GSh-23L cannon and 200-250 rounds

were carried under the fuselage and/or the inner wing hardpoints)

 

The kit and its assembly:

This additional member of my fictional Sk 90 family came spontaneously when I studied information concerning the MiG-21. I came across the Hungarian trainers and wondered with what they could have been replaced after 2000 – and “my” fictional Sk 90 came to my mind. I also had a suitable decal set in store, so I dug out a(nother) Hasegawa T-4 and created this whiffy Hungarian variant.

 

The kit is the old/first T-4 mold; Hasegawa did the T-4 twice, and both kits differ considerably from each other in their construction. The first one has a fuselage consisting of two simple halves with separate wings attached to it; the later mold features a separate cockpit section and a single dorsal wing section, so that the wings’ anhedral is ensured upon assembly.

The air intakes are also different: the old mold features ducts which are open at their ends, while the new mold comes with additional inserts for the intakes which end in a concave wall, making them hard to paint. The fin of the old kit consists of two full halves, while the new one has the rudder molded into just one half of the fin for a thinner trailing edge. The same goes for the wings’ upper halves: on the new mold, they comprise the full flaps and ailerons, while the old kit has them split up, resulting in a marginally thicker training edge. However, you can hardly recognize this and it’s IMHO not a flaw.

Personally, I prefer the old kit, because it is much more straightforward and pleasant to build – even though some details like the main landing gear struts are better on the new mold.

 

The (old) kit itself is relatively simple and fit is quite good, even though some PSR was necessary on almost every seam. The only mods I made are additional emergency handles on the seats (made from thin wire), and I added an Orpheus recce pod under the fuselage with an integral pylon, left over from an Italeri F-104G kit. The OOB underwing pylons were used, together with the original drop tanks.

  

Painting and markings:

The prime reason for a Hungarian Sk 90 was the paint scheme, and the fact that I have a sweet spot for Hungary in genarl. The livery was adapted from the late Hungarian MiG-21bis, a more or less symmetrical pattern consisting of a yellowish light tan and a bluish dark green, with light blue undersides. It’s actually a very simple paint scheme, and my adaptation is a free interpretation, since the T-4’s layout with shoulder-mounted wings is quite different from the sleek Fishbed with mid-mounted delta wings.

 

Finding good color matches was not easy, because pictures of reference Hungarian MiG-21s show a wide variety of green and brown shades, even though I assume that this is just weathering. I found some good pictures of a late MiG-21UM trainer with an apparently fresh paint job, and these suggested a hard contrast between the upper tones. With this benchmark I settled for Humbrol 63 (Sand), and Modelmaster 2091 (RLM 82, Dunkelgrün). The undersides were painted with Humbrol 47 (Sea Blue Gloss), since they appeared rather bright and pale in reference pictures.

The cockpit interior was painted in medium grey (Revell 47), the landing gear and the air intakes in white (Revell 301), very conservative. The Orpheus pod was painted in light grey (FS 36375, Humbrol 127) to set it apart from the light blue undersurfaces. The drop tanks were painted in green and blue.

 

National markings, the large orange “47” decoration and the small emblems on nose and fin came from a Mistercraft MiG-21UM decal sheet. The tactical code in red, etched with white, was created with single digits from a Hungarian Aero Decals (HAD) sheet for Mi-24s, reflecting the aircraft’s (fictional) serial numbers’ final three digits.

Finally, after some light weathering and post-shading (for a slightly sun-bleached look, esp. on the upper surfaces), the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).

  

Number four in my growing Sk 90 family, and certainly not the last one. A quick and simple project since the model itself was built almost OOB, and the “old” Hasegawa T-4 is really a simple build. However, I am amazed (once more) how much potential a T-4 travesty bears: even in Hungarian colors and markings this whif looks disturbingly convincing. The green/brown/blue paint scheme suits the aircraft well, too, even though it looks a lot like an Alpha Jet now, and there’s even a Su-25ish look to it?!

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

  

Some background:

Following Hungary's membership of NATO in 1999, there were several proposals to achieve a NATO-compatible fighter force. Considerable attention went into studying second-hand aircraft options as well as modifying the nation's existing MiG-29 fleet. In 2001, Hungary received several offers of new and used aircraft from various nations, including Sweden, Belgium, Israel, Turkey, and the US. Although the Hungarian government initially intended to procure the F-16, in November 2001 it was in the process of negotiating a 10-year lease contract for 12 Gripen aircraft from Sweden, with an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease period.

As part of the procurement arrangements, Saab had offered an offset deal valued at 110 per cent of the cost of the 14 fighters. Initially, Hungary had planned to lease several Batch II Saab 39s; however, the inability to conduct aerial refueling and weapons compatibility limitations had generated Hungarian misgivings. The contract was then renegotiated and eventually signed on 2 February 2003 for a total of 14 Gripens, which had originally been A/B standard and had undergone an extensive upgrade process to the NATO-compatible C/D 'Export Gripen' standard. At the same time, the need for an advanced jet trainer as a replacement for the Hungarian Air Force’s last eight MiG-21UM aircraft became more and more imminent. The Gripen two-seaters alone could not cope with this task and were operationally too expensive to be used as trainers, so that Hungary requested an additional offer for a small number of Sk 90 trainers from Swedish surplus stock.

 

Developed under the designation FSK900, the Saab Sk 90 was a replacement for the Saab 105 (also known as Saab Sk 60) transitional trainer, light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. The FSK900 was a conservative design, with a configurational resemblance to the Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet, even though the FSK900 was overall bigger and heavier, and the two machines could be easily told apart at a glance.

The Swedish Air Force accepted Saab’s design, leading to a contract for two nonflying static-test airframes and four flying prototypes. Detail design was complete by the end of 1993 and prototype construction began in the spring of 1994, leading to the initial prototype’s first flight on 29 July 1994. The first production Sk 90 A, how the basic trainer type was officially dubbed, was delivered to the Swedish Air Force in 1996.

A total of 108 production Sk 90s were built until 1999 for Sweden in several versions. The initial Sk 90 A trainer was the most common variant and the basis for the Sk 90 B version, which carried a weather radar as well as more sophisticated avionics that enabled the deployment of a wider range of weapons and other ordnance. However, this version was not adopted by the Swedish air force but exported to Austria as the Sk 90 Ö. Another variant was the S 90 C (for “Spaning” = reconnaissance); a small number was produced with a set of cameras in the nose for the Swedish Air Force, where it replaced the ground attack/reconnaissance Sk 60 Cs.

 

In service, the Sk 90 was regarded as strong, agile, and pleasant to fly, while being cheap to operate. But despite its qualities and potential, the Sk 90 did not attain much foreign interest, primarily suffering from bad timing and from the focus on domestic demands. The aircraft came effectively 10 years too late to become a serious export success, and in the end the Sk 90 was very similar to the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet (even though it was cheaper to operate), at a time when the German Luftwaffe started to prematurely phase out its attack-capable variant and flooded the global market with cheap secondhand aircraft in excellent condition. Furthermore, the Saab Sk 90 had on the global market with the BAe Hawk another proven competitor with a long and positive operational track record all over the world.

 

Beyond Hungary, potential Sk 90 buyers were Malaysia as well as Singapore, Myanmar, Finland, and Poland. Austria eventually procured 36 Sk 90 Ö in 2002, replacing its Saab 105 fleet and keeping up its close connection with Saab since the Seventies. A late operator became the independent Republic of Scotland in 2017, with a dozen leased secondhand Saab Sk 90 A trainers which were later purchased.

 

The Swedish Sk 90 offer for Hungary was a 10-year lease contract similar to the Gripen package, and comprised five refurbished Sk 90 A trainers from the first production batch, which had been stored in Sweden for spares. The Hungarian Sk 90 deal also included an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of their lease period. In parallel, to save maintenance costs for the relatively small fleet of a completely new/different aircraft type, an agreement with neighboring neutral Austria could be arranged to outsource major overhauls to the Austrian Air Force and its newly established Sk 90 Ö service base at Linz – a deal from which both sides benefited. However, to improve flight safety over Austria’s mountainous terrain during these transfer flights, the Hungarian Sk 90 As had a simple navigational radar retrofitted with a small radome in their noses. Otherwise, the machines were basically identical with the original Swedish aircraft.

 

The aircraft were flown under civil registration from Sweden to Hungary between April and September 2005. To keep the distance to their Austrian service station short, the machines were not allocated to the 59th Air Regiment at Kecskemét Air Base, where the Hungarian Gripen fleet was based, but rather to the 47th Air Regiment at Pápa Air Base in Northwestern Hungary, where the last Hungarian MiG-21UM trainers had been operated. These were fully retired in 2008.

Beyond their primary role as advanced/jet conversion trainers, the Hungarian Sk 90 As were also intended to be used for tactical reconnaissance duties with Orpheus pods with daylight cameras and an infrared line scanner, inherited from the Italian Air Force, as light attack aircraft and ─ armed with gun pods and air-to-air missiles ─ as (anti-tank) helicopter hunters. Reflecting these low-level tasks, the machines received a tactical camouflage in green and tan, similar to the former MiG-21s, instead of the Gripens’ all-grey air superiority scheme.

 

While the Hungarian Air Force operated its total of 14 Gripen and 5 Sk 90 aircraft under lease, in 2011, the country reportedly intended to purchase these aircraft outright. However, in January 2012, the Hungarian and Swedish governments agreed to extend the lease period for a further ten years. According to Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende, this agreement represented considerable cost savings, so that the running business model was retained. The service agreement with Austria could be extended, too.

 

One Sk 90 A was lost in a landing accident in May 2016, and two Gripens had to be written off through accidents in the meantime, too. To fill these gaps, Hungary signed a replacement contract in 2018 to come back to its full fleet of 14 Gripen, and the Sk 90 A fleet was expanded to seven aircraft. These new machines were delivered in 2019.

  

General characteristics:

Crew: two pilots in tandem

Length incl. pitot: 13.0 m (42 ft 8 in)

Wingspan: 9.94 m (32 ft 7 in)

Height: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)

Empty weight: 3,790 kg (8,360 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 7,500 kg (16,530 lb)

 

Powerplant:

2× Williams International FJ44-4M turbofans without reheat, rated at 16.89 kN (3,790 lbst) each

 

Performance:

Maximum speed: 1,038 km/h (645 mph)

Stall speed: 167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn)

Range: 1,670 km (900 nm; 1,036 m) with two 450 L (99 imp gal; 120 US gal) drop tanks

Service ceiling: 15,240 m (50,000 ft)

Rate of climb: 51 m/s (10,000 ft/min)

 

Armament:

No internal gun; five hardpoints for 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of payload and a variety of ordnance,

including AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles and a conformal, ventral gun pod (not used by the Hungarian

Air Force, instead, UPK-23-250 pods with a fixed twin-barrel GSh-23L cannon and 200-250 rounds

were carried under the fuselage and/or the inner wing hardpoints)

 

The kit and its assembly:

This additional member of my fictional Sk 90 family came spontaneously when I studied information concerning the MiG-21. I came across the Hungarian trainers and wondered with what they could have been replaced after 2000 – and “my” fictional Sk 90 came to my mind. I also had a suitable decal set in store, so I dug out a(nother) Hasegawa T-4 and created this whiffy Hungarian variant.

 

The kit is the old/first T-4 mold; Hasegawa did the T-4 twice, and both kits differ considerably from each other in their construction. The first one has a fuselage consisting of two simple halves with separate wings attached to it; the later mold features a separate cockpit section and a single dorsal wing section, so that the wings’ anhedral is ensured upon assembly.

The air intakes are also different: the old mold features ducts which are open at their ends, while the new mold comes with additional inserts for the intakes which end in a concave wall, making them hard to paint. The fin of the old kit consists of two full halves, while the new one has the rudder molded into just one half of the fin for a thinner trailing edge. The same goes for the wings’ upper halves: on the new mold, they comprise the full flaps and ailerons, while the old kit has them split up, resulting in a marginally thicker training edge. However, you can hardly recognize this and it’s IMHO not a flaw.

Personally, I prefer the old kit, because it is much more straightforward and pleasant to build – even though some details like the main landing gear struts are better on the new mold.

 

The (old) kit itself is relatively simple and fit is quite good, even though some PSR was necessary on almost every seam. The only mods I made are additional emergency handles on the seats (made from thin wire), and I added an Orpheus recce pod under the fuselage with an integral pylon, left over from an Italeri F-104G kit. The OOB underwing pylons were used, together with the original drop tanks.

  

Painting and markings:

The prime reason for a Hungarian Sk 90 was the paint scheme, and the fact that I have a sweet spot for Hungary in genarl. The livery was adapted from the late Hungarian MiG-21bis, a more or less symmetrical pattern consisting of a yellowish light tan and a bluish dark green, with light blue undersides. It’s actually a very simple paint scheme, and my adaptation is a free interpretation, since the T-4’s layout with shoulder-mounted wings is quite different from the sleek Fishbed with mid-mounted delta wings.

 

Finding good color matches was not easy, because pictures of reference Hungarian MiG-21s show a wide variety of green and brown shades, even though I assume that this is just weathering. I found some good pictures of a late MiG-21UM trainer with an apparently fresh paint job, and these suggested a hard contrast between the upper tones. With this benchmark I settled for Humbrol 63 (Sand), and Modelmaster 2091 (RLM 82, Dunkelgrün). The undersides were painted with Humbrol 47 (Sea Blue Gloss), since they appeared rather bright and pale in reference pictures.

The cockpit interior was painted in medium grey (Revell 47), the landing gear and the air intakes in white (Revell 301), very conservative. The Orpheus pod was painted in light grey (FS 36375, Humbrol 127) to set it apart from the light blue undersurfaces. The drop tanks were painted in green and blue.

 

National markings, the large orange “47” decoration and the small emblems on nose and fin came from a Mistercraft MiG-21UM decal sheet. The tactical code in red, etched with white, was created with single digits from a Hungarian Aero Decals (HAD) sheet for Mi-24s, reflecting the aircraft’s (fictional) serial numbers’ final three digits.

Finally, after some light weathering and post-shading (for a slightly sun-bleached look, esp. on the upper surfaces), the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).

  

Number four in my growing Sk 90 family, and certainly not the last one. A quick and simple project since the model itself was built almost OOB, and the “old” Hasegawa T-4 is really a simple build. However, I am amazed (once more) how much potential a T-4 travesty bears: even in Hungarian colors and markings this whif looks disturbingly convincing. The green/brown/blue paint scheme suits the aircraft well, too, even though it looks a lot like an Alpha Jet now, and there’s even a Su-25ish look to it?!

Four existing 9.1-meter antennas at the NOAA Satellite Operations Facility are being upgraded for compatibility with the GOES-R series satellites. These antennas will maintain compatibility with existing GOES satellites and will operate continuously for the life of the GOES-R series.

 

Credit: Harris Corporation

 

For more information: www.goes-r.gov/ground/facilities-antennas.html

 

Original image source: www.goes-r.gov/multimedia/ground.html

Finnish Army Soldiers taking part in Exercise Arctic Sheild: The aim of the exercise was to develop the performance of the ground in arctic conditions, to test the skills of a trained group and to increase compatibility with Swedish soldiers December 2018

 

Photo: Maavoimat - Armén - The Finnish Army

 

Blog entry.

I recently went on the way home to a Washington State Department of Commerce Community Workshop for a land use Compatibility Guidebook to help folks both civilian and military work better together in Washington State. Really appreciate my professional correspondence with its leader Deneah Watson, so please enjoy these photos responsibly.

 

PHOTO CREDIT: Joe A. Kunzler Photo, AvgeekJoe Productions, growlernoise-AT-gmail-DOT-com

This is a shot of 4 of the new 2014 Hero Factory sets showing how some of the regular minifigs from other themes can fit in them. From left to right: General Grievous in 44018 Furno Jet Machine; S7 CMF Galaxy Patrol in 44019 Rocka Stealth Machine; Blista the Bat (from Chima) in 44015 Evo Walker; regular minifigure fitting into the jaw of 44016 Jaw Beast. Most minifigs seem to fit quite well into these mostly non-System mechs.

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Heading down to Edwards, for the last Approach and Landing Test before being shipped to KSC as the Shuttle Pathfinder

Vehicle. There, she'll be mated with an ET and two dummy SRBs to test vehicle compatibility with the ground support and handling equipment. NOTE: The aerodynamic cone that covered the simulated SSMEs during the earlier tests is not present.

The CXA2079Q is a 6-input, 2-output audio/videoswitch featuring I2C bus compatibility for TVs. This IChas input pins that are compatible with S2 protoco

Devoxx 2018 - To JAR Hell And Back - A Live Migration to Java 11

 

I'm sure you've heard about compatibility issues with upgrading to Java 9 and beyond, but did you try it yourself yet? This live coding session starts with a typical Java 8 application and runs up against and eventually overcomes the common hurdles:

 

* build system configuration

* dependency analysis with jdeps

* dependencies on internal APIs and Java EE modules

* split packages

 

To get the most out of this talk, you should have a good understanding of the module system basics - afterwards you will know how to approach your application's migration to Java 9 and the module system.

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKmv24_2Asw

 

( Devoxx 2018

Tous les slides sont proprietes de leurs auteurs.

All slides are properties of their authors. )

Members of Hera’s testing team prepare for electromagnetic compatibility testing during the mission’s pre-flight test campaign at ESA’s Test Centre in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.

 

Hera is ESA’s first mission for planetary defence. Due for launch in October 2024, Hera will fly to the Didymos binary asteroid system in deep space to perform a close-up survey of the Dimorphos moonlet in orbit around the primary body. The Great-Pyramid-sized Dimorphos is already historic, as the first Solar System object to have its orbit changed by human activity, by the 2022 impact of NASA’s DART mission.

 

Hera is intended to gather crucial missing data about Dimorphos for scientists, to turn DART’s grand-scale experiment into a well-understood and potentially repeatable planetary defence technique. To increase its yield of data, Hera carries with it ESA’s first deep space CubeSats, carrying additional instruments and planned to fly closer to the asteroid’s surface than the main spacecraft, before eventually landing.

 

Part of Hera’s testing was documented for the spacecraft team by photographer Max Alexander, who specialises in science communication through photography.

 

Credits: Max Alexander/ESA

 

Created in Ultra Fractal.

 

Formula: Compatibility\Fractint.ufm.

Lambda c* fn(z)

 

Outside: em.ucl

Log Trichrome

SAMMY JEANS FIT

 

⊡ Weekend sale

 

☰ Items Included: Color Hud

 

⋮ 10 Colors

 

☰ Compatibility with:

 

☑ Maitreya + Petite ☑ Legacy + Perky ☑ Ebody (Curvy) ☑ Altamura ☑ Slink (Hourglass) ☑ Belleza (Freya,Isis) ☑ Tonic (All)

 

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Morenci/109/41/2

PNNL scientists have been investigating high-pressure hydrogen material compatibility and surface degradation of aluminum-coated lead zirconate titanate (PZT) surfaces for applications in clean-burning hydrogen internal combustion engines. This lead (Pb) spider-like formation was discovered during the research. It was imaged with the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory’s helium ion microscope and may have battery applications. Contributing to this project are PNNL researchers Kyle Alvine, Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan, Wendy Bennett and Stan Pitman.

 

This image was a part of the 2011 PNNL Science as Art contest.

 

Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, "Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Please use provided caption information for use in appropriate context.

Technical Details

HDV camcorder with 1/2.7-inch CMOS image sensor; 24p Cinema Mode

High-definition 10x optical zoom lens; super-range optical image stabilizer

Advanced photo features: up to 3-megapixel stills, histogram display, built-in flash, and more

2.7-inch color widescreen LCD; color viewfinder

HDMI terminal; advanced accessory shoe

› See more technical details

This product is Certified for Windows Vista.

Only Certified for Windows Vista software and devices have undergone compatibility tests for ease of use, better performance, and enhanced security on PCs running the Windows Vista operating system. Find out more.

  

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Product Details

 

Product Dimensions: 8 pounds

Shipping Weight: 4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Shipping: Currently, item can be shipped only within the U.S.

ASIN: B000MUV6BA

Item model number: HV20

Average Customer Review:

 

97 Reviews

5 star: (54)

4 star: (30)

3 star: (3)

2 star: (3)

1 star: (7)

 

See all 97 customer reviews...

  

(97 customer reviews)

Amazon.com Sales Rank

Popular in these categories: (What's this?)

 

#20 in Camera & Photo > Camcorders > Digital MiniDV

#23 in Camera & Photo > Camcorders > High Definition

 

Date first available at Amazon.com: January 31, 2007

 

Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images? (We'll ask you to sign in so we can get back to you)

  

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Product Description

 

Manufacturer Description

To tech-savvy, sophisticated, and discerning videographers who demand a premium quality camcorder, the Canon's HV20 enables the ultimate in HD video and still photo quality. The HV20 offers an unparalled combination of a 10x optical zoom, a 2.96-megapixel CMOS sensor, and a stylish design. With HD and SD recording modes, you can make the move to HD while retaining compatibility standard-definition equipment. Capturing meticulous detail and superior color reproduction, the HV20 raises the bar for HD resolution quality.

HV20 Highlights

 

HDV format The HV20 records true 1080 high-definition resolution video, and is capable of recording and playing back HD images using MiniDV cassette tapes.

 

Canon True HD CMOS sensor The HV20 features a Canon-manufactured CMOS sensor. Similar to its use in Canon's EOS-series digital SLR cameras, CMOS reproduces high-resolution images with true HD information in movies. Canon's CMOS sensor acquires image information at 1920 x 1080. Canon's HD CMOS Sensor also features on-chip noise-reduction technology. The low noise technology feature means that even in dimly-lit scenes, the signals from each pixel are as pure as possible, with minimal "noise" or other aberrations.

 

RGB Primary Color Filter Whether you're shooting video or photos, you will appreciate the HV20's stunning, high-definition image production. For rich, accurate color, the HV20 uses an RGB Primary Color Filter. It separates light into red, green, and blue color components, resulting in vibrant images with natural-looking tones similar to what you'd obtain from 3CCD camcorders.

 

Genuine Canon 10x high-definition video lens The HV20 comes equipped with a Genuine Canon 10x HD video lens. An aspherical lens is used to help achieve low aberration and high resolution. The HV20 lens also features super-spectra coating technology, which lowers flare and ghosting. A new gradation ND system is used for better exposure in bright shooting situations. The lens design creates true HD image quality.

 

DIGIC DV II image processor DIGIC DV II is Canon's exclusive DIGIC DV signal processing technology designed specifically for HD. Even though video and still images have different color requirements, DIGIC DV II HD digital signal processing ensures optimal image quality for both HD video and still images. Thanks to DIGIC DV II image processing, the HV20 produces video with improved color reproduction -- especially in skin tones, and dark and light scenes. It also uses a hybrid noise reduction system that employs two types of noise reduction, for images that are crystal clear.

 

Super-Range Optical Image Stabilizer The HV20 features Super-Range Optical Image Stabilization (OIS). Utilizing a hybrid detection method (combining vector and gyro detection method), it corrects camera shake instantly for steady shots -- even when they're handheld at long focal lengths, or taken with the camera in motion. And unlike electronic stablization, which can cause a loss in image quality, the optical system corrects the shake while preserving the quality. It is even effective while taking photos.

 

24p Cinema Mode 24p Cinema Mode is a feature demanded by professional filmmakers and previously only available on pro-level camcorders. 24p Cinema Mode enables all aspiring moviemakers a professional "film look." This mode is actually two different features, which can be used independantly or together, depending on the user's preferences:

  

The frame rate changed to 24p -- the same frame rate as movie film

The HV20 changes the color and tonal characteristics to make you feel like you are watching a movie in the theatre.

Instant AF (Auto Focus) Instant AF is Canon's new and advanced autofocus system. Using a Hybrid Control system that combines an external sensor and a TVAF, Instant AF makes it easier to focus on previously difficult subjects. It dramatically decreases the time it takes to achieve proper focus and increases accuracy, especially in low-light and high-brightness situations.

 

HDMI terminal The HDMI terminal transports high-definition video signals (with audio in one cable) to your HD television.

 

Built-in electronic lens cover A built-in electronic lens cover automatically opens when the camcorder is turned on and closes when turned off. There is no dangling lens cover to lose.

 

Advanced accessory shoe terminal The advanced accessory shoe allows the use of additional accessories such as a video light and directional microphone.

 

Simultaneous photo shooting While shooting an HDV movie, you can simultaneously capture a 2-megapixel photo to a memory card by simply pressing the photo button. It's perfect for any time you don't want to miss a moment.

 

Histogram display Commonly used in Canon's line of digital SLR cameras, the HV20 features a histogram display. With just one push of a button, the brightness information of a still image is revealed. This allows you to monitor image quality so you can make adjustments for the next shot.

 

Program AE mode The HV20 gives you settings that automatically result in the best exposure settings for different conditions. Secen modes include: Portrait, Sports, Night, Snow, Beach, Sunset, Spotlight, and Fireworks. Each adjusts your camcorder's settings to compensate for different lighting conditions and different subjects.

 

9-Point Ai-AF mode Auto Intelligent Auto Focus ensures sharp images and creative flexibility. Even when your subject isn't in the center of the frame, the HV20's Ai-AF function will automatically select from 9 metering frames on the screen to help bring images into sharp focus.

 

Built-in flash Capture superb images in low light and indoor photography settings.

 

Built-in Ultra Video light Increase your low-light capabilities even further by shooting with the HV20. Featuring an Ultra Video light, the HV20 enables you to shoot subjects in color in low-light at distances up to 4.9 feet away.

 

Mic/headphone terminal The HV20 features a microphone terminal for attaching an external microphone. The audio/video terminal doubles as a headphone terminal for monitoring sound while recording. The HV20 also offers manual audio level adjustment, giving the user precise control.

 

Focus Assist function When shooting high definition, a properly focused subject is more critical than ever. With one push of the Focus Assist button (during manual focus setting), video zoom and peaking (for emphasizing image contours) are displayed. Not to worry, this is automatically cancelled when recording starts.

 

Level and grid markers It's easy to keep your D120 level for more professional-looking video. Simply press the Level Shot Control button, and a horizontal marker appears in your viewfinder. Line up any horizontal lines in your shot to the marker and you know your camcorder is level. Also, the grid marker is very convenient for setting up the special balance in your shots. Since background colors vary, you can select from two line colors to make the lines easily visible.

 

Variable zoom speed control with 5 presets With this innovative feature, you can always be sure of smooth, steady, professional-looking zoom shots. Simply select one of five pre-set zoom speeds.

 

3.1-megapixel photos Capture stunning 3.1-megapixel photos in 4:3 aspect ratio to a miniSD card, or 2-megapixel photos in 16:9 aspect ratio.

 

Capture 2-megapixel still images from tape While playing the recorded movie, you can capture 2-megapixel still images onto a miniSD card, simply by pressing the Photo button. If you prefer, you can even capture 2-megapixel photos while recording HD video to tape.

 

2.7-inch widescreen LCD and widescreen color viewfinder A widescreen LCD and widescreen viewfinder lets you see exactly what your camcorder is recording, and what your TV will display later.

 

Print/Share button For fast, easy, one-touch printing of your photos at home, simply press the camcorder's Print & Share button. The button can also be used for one-touch downloading of your images to a computer.

   

Product Description

You've heard of HDTV and expect to get one if you haven't already. Here's a camcorder that lets you record your own HDTV-compatible images. The stylish Canon HV20 gives you the ultimate in HD video and digital photo quality with advanced features. Its 10x optical zoom lens, 2.96 Megapixel CMOS image sensor and Canon's advanced DIGIC DVII image processor ensures meticulous detail and superior color reproduction. 24p Cinema Mode brings Film-Look options to the HV20 owner. And, with its HD and Standard Definition recording modes, you can make the move to HD without making your SD equipment obsolete. The HV20 is easy to use and delivers the high level of performance you've come to expect from Canon. Focal Length - f=6.1-61mm Zoom Speed - Variable/3 Fixed Zoom Speeds Max. F/Stop - f/1.8-3.0mm Filter Size - 43mm 2.7-inch Widescreen LCD Screen (Approx. 211,000 pixels) and color viewfinder High Definition miniDV (recommended) (63 minutes) or miniDV Cassette Recording Media Microphone Terminal - 3.5 mm Stereo Mini Jack HDMI USB 2.0 Full Speed Terminal for fast transfer of photos Analog-Digital Converter lets you share the precious video memories you have stored on analog videotapes Advanced Accessory Shoe Terminal - Attach extras such as a video light or directional microphone without additional wires or batteries to raise the production value of the video you shoot Dimensions - Width 3.5 x Height 3.2 x Depth 5.4 inch Weight - 1.2 pounds without lens and battery pack Canon 1 Year Parts And Labor Limited Warranty

  

I recently went on the way home to a Washington State Department of Commerce Community Workshop for a land use Compatibility Guidebook to help folks both civilian and military work better together in Washington State. Really appreciate my professional correspondence with its leader Deneah Watson, so please enjoy these photos responsibly.

 

PHOTO CREDIT: Joe A. Kunzler Photo, AvgeekJoe Productions, growlernoise-AT-gmail-DOT-com

goddessoftheworld.blogspot.com/2012/04/moon-in-cancer-wit...

Members of the joint Virgin Trains, ALSTOM and Network Rail test team rejoin 390 104 at Preston prior to the third test run , 5Q03 the 0234 Preston to Manchester Piccadilly via Chorley and Bolton whilst route proving clearances and compatibility with the OHL equipment.

 

12-12-18

Teams from ESA and NASA worked during the week of 19 July 2013 at a Zurich, Switzerland, facility owned by ESA’s industrial partner RUAG to conduct compatibility testing between the Ladee orbiter terminal and the ESA ground station terminal. The NASA team, supported by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, brought over their laser terminal simulator, while ESA together with RUAG and Axcon of Denmark set up the European equipment to test compatibility between the two sets of hardware. All images credit: ESA

Open the compatibility wizard in the right click menu for the install application.

Sales Period: December 05, 2013 ~ December 15, 2013

If the quantity is greater than expected, the sale can be an early exit.

 

Compatibility Information

Head size circumference : 8.5 inch

Eye size: 16~18mm

Skin type: normal skin & white skin

Compatible Available body: 60cm class BJD body

(Photo Model Body:volks SD13 boy)

*KeiKei is slightly open mouse.

 

homepage

k-doll.com/

  

Flickr

www.flickr.com/photos/k-doll

 

Facebook

www.facebook.com/kdollcom

I recently went on the way home to a Washington State Department of Commerce Community Workshop for a land use Compatibility Guidebook to help folks both civilian and military work better together in Washington State. Really appreciate my professional correspondence with its leader Deneah Watson, so please enjoy these photos responsibly.

 

PHOTO CREDIT: Joe A. Kunzler Photo, AvgeekJoe Productions, growlernoise-AT-gmail-DOT-com

I recently went on the way home to a Washington State Department of Commerce Community Workshop for a land use Compatibility Guidebook to help folks both civilian and military work better together in Washington State. Really appreciate my professional correspondence with its leader Deneah Watson, so please enjoy these photos responsibly.

 

PHOTO CREDIT: Joe A. Kunzler Photo, AvgeekJoe Productions, growlernoise-AT-gmail-DOT-com

I recently went on the way home to a Washington State Department of Commerce Community Workshop for a land use Compatibility Guidebook to help folks both civilian and military work better together in Washington State. Really appreciate my professional correspondence with its leader Deneah Watson, so please enjoy these photos responsibly.

 

PHOTO CREDIT: Joe A. Kunzler Photo, AvgeekJoe Productions, growlernoise-AT-gmail-DOT-com

goddessoftheworld.blogspot.com/2012/04/moon-in-cancer-wit...

"Lantana Sphere"

 

One of the reasons that I employ mirrorless cameras, as part of my tools of the trade: a HUGE array of backwards-compatibility with old cine lenses.

 

Cine lenses (particularly those with a c-mount design) ... vintage remnants from the bygone era of 8mm and 16mm reel-to-reel motion picture format ... are finding a new lease (and resurrection) on life, thanks to the advent of mirror-less cameras which have a shorter FFD (flange focal distance), hence making these old "legacy lenses" backwards compatible with new digital technology while retaining infinity-focus of the native lens.

 

(Such an adaptation is not possible to accomplish with traditional SLR and DSLR cameras employing a mirror-box/optical filter design, because this results in a larger FFD due to the added space that these components take up. Therefore, mounting 8mm/16mm-format cine lenses on traditional SLR/DSLR camera bodies will not permit infinity-focus; meaning, their entire range of focusing will be crippled, and only permit for a limited degree of macro photography. Not so, when it comes to mirrorless cameras which have a smaller FFD, and hence permit an adapted cine lens to retain its entire focus range).

 

What's more, many of these re-purposed vintage cine lenses, which can be had for a mere pittance, can possess remarkably good resolution, extremely "fast" f-ratios for their focal lengths, and in some cases an interesting rendering of OOF (out-of-focus) regions of the photograph.

 

One such example is the Bell & Howell-made Super Comat 1-inch (25mm) F/1.9 cine lens - which exhibits a curious "swirly" bokeh/background blur (most strongly apparent when shot with the aperture wide-open at F/1.9), while rendering surprisingly sharp foreground subjects at such an aperture setting.

 

This "swirly background" phenomenon is due to what is known as 'Petzval Field Curvature' - a very specific type of optical aberration. But, as you can see by this image example, some of these optical "imperfections" can be considered a unique form of "character" for certain lens which generate these effects, and thus can be exploited in creative, surprising, and pleasing ways that are otherwise impossible to derive from more modern and "perfect" lens construction.

 

Indeed, the art of photography is not always about having a "flawless" lens. On the contrary, some "design flaws" inherent to more vintage lenses can be advantageous when implemented in certain ways.

 

____________________________

 

~ Location: Como, Mississippi

 

~ Camera: Olympus E-P2 (Micro-4/3 mirrorless system).

 

~ Lens: Bell & Howel/Super Comat 1-inch (25mm) F/1.9 cine lens, in c-mount. All-manual focusing and aperture setting.

 

~ Settings: ISO 100, Effective Focal length 50mm (25mm x 2, due to the 2x crop factor of a Micro-4/3 sensor), Shutter 1/2500 sec (photographed in partial shade!)

 

Additional notes: Minimal image editing/processing. Only a few moderate adjustments made to the photo, using a nudge of the shadow/highlight curve sliders and vibrance slider, in Photoshop Elements 10.

My very first static pose made on my own rig doll (based on Robert Male Body and Maximum Compatibility Skeleton).