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Fossiliferous dolostone ("dolomite") from the Silurian of the American Midwest.
Sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of loose sediments. Loose sediments become hard rocks by the processes of deposition, burial, compaction, dewatering, and cementation.
There are three categories of sedimentary rocks:
1) Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments produced by weathering & erosion of any previously existing rocks.
2) Biogenic sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments that were once-living organisms (plants, animals, micro-organisms).
3) Chemical sedimentary rocks form by the solidification of sediments formed by inorganic chemical reactions. Most sedimentary rocks have a clastic texture, but some are crystalline.
Dolostone (formerly “dolomite”) is a chemical sedimentary rock composed of the mineral dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2 - calcium magnesium carbonate). Dolostone can be jokingly described as the “ultimate non-descript rock”. It often looks like driveway gravel. Well, there’s a reason for this - a lot of driveway gravel is dolostone (at least around where I live).
Most dolostones are grayish, microcrystalline-textured, and have vuggy porosity. Vugs are irregularly-sized & irregularly-shaped cavities. Some dolostones are fossiliferous. Fossiliferous dolostones usually have poorly-preserved fossil “ghosts” (see above photo). Rarely, fine-grained dolostones have soft-bodied fossil preservation.
Crystalline-textured dolostones appear secondary in origin. They are typically interpreted as chemically-altered fossiliferous limestones. Some dolostones look primary, but how they formed is not entirely clear. Chemically, all that's needed to form dolostone is the addition of magnesium (Mg) to limestone. The details of this chemical change are not fully understood. A few localities on Earth do have dolomite or protodolomite forming now, but the detailed story of the dolomite-forming process is still a significant unsolved problem in sedimentary geology - “the dolomite problem”.
The Silurian-aged dolostone shown above has vuggy porosity and fossil "ghosts". The somewhat rounded, empty structure on the right side is an external mold of a fossil brachiopod.
All roads lead to Upchurch. Or they do from Lower Halstow.
A short drive takes me up the down into a compact village with a church as wide as it is long, and with a tower that starts off four sided and then changes to octagonal halfway up.
Looks nice though.
There was one young lady waiting for a bus, and with two cameras wrapped round my neck, I must have looked odd, but time was getting away from me, and there were many, many churches left to visit.
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Sir Francis Drake's father was vicar here in the sixteenth century. The church is memorable for its odd spire, a little like that at Bexley. It is four-sided to start with and suddenly changes into an octagon a third of the way up. There seems to be no structural reason for this change and it may purely be for decorative purposes. Inside the church there is much work of the thirteenth century including three sedilia which, unusually, stand under the arch to the south chapel. The arch is finished by a very crisply carved head (possibly too crisp - it may result from Blomfield`s restoration of the church in 1875). Behind the sedilia, separating the seats from the chapel, is a charming wooden screen, with nine tall ogee-headed arches and a panel of pierced trefoils and quatrefoils. Both north and south chapels contain fragments of medieval glass while in the north chapel you may find a collection of medieval tiles, including one that shows a hunched figure with a staff and hat - possibly representing a pilgrim. This is a particularly rewarding church that stands in a little-visited part of the county.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Upchurch
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UPCHURCH
LIES the next parish northward from that of Hartlip, and is so named from its high situation.
This parish lies in a most unhealthy situation, close to the marshes, and a large extent of some hundreds of acres of salts beyond them, as far as Standgate creek, the river Medway its northern boundary, the noxious vapours arising from which, subject the inhabitants to continued intermittents, and shorten their lives at a very early period; it contains about 1760 acres of land, near one hundred acres of wood, and about 1200 acres of fresh and salt marsh; the fact of the country is rather hilly, the land in general is very thin and poor, having much gravel mixed with it, the other soils throughout it are in some parts black sand, in others a stiff clay, of which latter there is but a small portion; the poorness of the soil occasions the growth of much broom and fern, or brakes in it, with which there are many fields entirely covered. The southern part of the parish has much woodland interspersed throughout it, which is in general but of ordinary value, being mostly oak coppice; the soil is much however adapted to the growth of the elm, with which the hedgerows abound, but these continued groves of tall spire trees stop the free circulation of air, and render this place much more unwholesome than it would otherwise be. The village of Upchurch, called the street, (through which the high road leads from Chatham to Kingsferry and the Isle of Shepey) stands on high ground, nearly in the centre of the parish, with the church close to it, the spire of which is accounted a sea mark.
It seems to have been of much more consequence as well for its craft in shipping, as in the number of its inhabitants, than it is at present, both of which are much diminished from what they were formerly, and the latter are in general now in a state of poverty. In the return made of those places where there were any shipping, boats, &c. anno 8 Elizabeth. Upchurch is said to contain forty inhabited houses, three lacking habitations, twelve ships and boats, from one ton to fourteen; and fourteen persons occupied in carrying from port to port, and fishing. At the western boundary of the parish there is a key called Attrum, or Otterham key, with a wharf for the landing and shipping of corn, and the produce of the neighbouring woods. The creek, called by the same name, flows up by it from the river Medway. In the 17th year of the above reign there was a common arrivage place at Upchurch, called Karter's hythe, probably the same as that before-mentioned. In the southern part of the parish is a hamlet called Halywell, near which there is much woodland, most of which belongs to the earl of Thanet; on the eastern side of it is situated in the valley, close to the sheere way to Newington, the manor of Gore, now only a mean farmhouse. In the northern part of it the land, which is very wet, stretches along a narrow space between the marshes, at the end of which is another hamlet called Ham. There is no commission of sewers for the repair of the marshes in this or the adjoining parishes, but the sewers, walls, &c. which defend them from the tides, are kept in repair by the respective owners of them, at no inconsiderable expence. At some distance from the uplands, across the marshes, lies one of notoriety, called Slayhills, containing five hundred acres, formerly belonging to the Leybornes, and given with the manor of Gore as before-mentioned, to the abbey of St. Mary Grace, Tower-hill. (fn. 1) After the suppression of which, king Henry VIII. granted it to Sir Thomas Wyatt, to hold in capite. Sir Warham St. Leger afterwards possessed it, whose daughter Anne carried it in marriage to Thomas Diggs, esq. after which it acquired the name of Diggs marsh, which it kept but a small time before it resumed its former name; but this estate, from its exposed situation, and the force of the tides, which from the walls of it being neglected, at length broke through them, and overflowed it, and it is now gone to sea, and nearly the whole of it is become a tract of salts, which is covered by every spring tide. In the 49th year of Edward III. there was a commission issued for the viewing of the banks in the king's marshes of Slayhill, Greneberghe, &c. as far as the Isle of Shepey, and to do what was requisite to them according to the law and custom of the realm.
The paramount manor of Milton claims over this whole parish, subordinate to which is
THE MANOR OF GORE, otherwise UPCHURCHH, formerly called De la Gare, which is held of the above manor, by a yearly suit and service. It is situated in a vale in the south-eastern part of this parish, over which, subordinate to that of Milton, it in great measure claims.
It was in very early times in the possession of a family, who took their name from it. Lucas de la Gare was returned a knight of the shire for this county, anno 25 Edward I. before which time however it was become the property of the Leybornes. Roger de Leyborne held it in the 51st year of Henry III. in which year he obtained a grant to hold in fee all his hereditaments and tenements in gavelkind, in Rainham, Upchurch, and Hereclop, of the king, by knight's service. (fn. 2)
After which this manor descended down to Juliana de Leyborne, usually stiled the Infanta of Kent, whose husbands successively became entitled to it, each of whom however she survived, and died in the 41st year of Edward III. when no one being found who could make claim to any of her estates, this manor and estate in Upchurch escheated to the crown, where it remained till the king, in his 50th year, granted it, among other premises, to the abbey of St. Mary Graces, on Tower-hill, then founded by him, which was confirmed to the abbey in pure and perpetual alms for ever, by king Richard II. in his 12th and 22d years.
It remained part of the possessions of the monastery till the dissolution of it in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered up into the king's hands, who soon afterwards granted this manor to Christopher Hales, esq. his attorney-general and master of the rolls, who died in the 33d year of that reign, (fn. 3) leaving three daughters his coheirs, of whom Margaret, the second daughter, married first to West; secondly to Dodman, and thirdly to William Horden, gent. of the Weald of Kent, inherited this manor, which she entitled her three husbands to successively. At length it was alienated by William Horden, in the 9th year of queen Elizabeth to Mr. Richard Stanley, who, in the 22d year of that reign, passed it away by sale to Thomas Wardegar, or Wardacre, as he was commonly called, whose grandson William, son of George Wardegar, sold it, in the 17th of king James I, to Sir Nicholas Tufton, who was created earl of Thanet, in whose descendants, earls of Thanet, this manor has continued down to the right hon. Sackville Tufton, earl of Thanet, the present possessor of it.
A court baron is held for this manor.
HORSHAM is a reputed manor in this parish, situated at a small distance westward from the church. It seems formerly to have been possessed by a family of its own name, one of them, Stephen de Horsham, possessed it in king Edward the IIId.'s reign, how long they continued here I have not found, but that it in after times came into the possession of archbishop Chichele, who in the 26th year of Henry VI. settled it on the college of All Souls, in Oxford, then founded by him, mostly out of the estates of the suppressed alien priories, of which probably this might have been a part, since which it has continued among the possessions of that college, being at this time the inheritance of the warden and fellows of it. There is no court held for this manor.
The lessee of this estate, in the reign of queen Elizabeth, was Sir Cheney Colepeper, who alienated his interest in it to Clement Milway, and he passed the lease of it away to Mr. William Harding, whose descendant Mr. John Harding, of London, in 1715, alienated it to Joseph Hasted, gent. of Chatham, whose grandson Edward Hasted, esq. of Canterbury, afterwards became possessed of the lease of it, but Mr. Thomas Williams, gent. of Dartford, is the present lessee of it.
THE MANOR OF OTTERHAM, situated in the western part of this parish, near the hamlet of Otterham, or Ottram, as it is now called, had formerly possessors of the same name, who, however, were extinct here before king Richard the IId.'s reign, for John Peche, citizen of London, in the 4th year of it, died possessed of the manor of Otterham, in Upchurch, with its appurtenances, in right of Mary his wife, during her life time, the reversion of it belonging to Thomas de Alburton, when it was held of the king, as of his manor of Milton, by divers services, according to the custom of gavelkind. How it passed afterwards I have not found, but at the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign it was in the possession of Thomas Butts, gent. In later time it passed by sale into the possession of Mr. Thomas Best, of Chatham, whose grandson Thomas Best, esq. of Chilston, died possessed of it in 1793, s. p. and gave it by will among his other estates to his nephew George Best, esq. now of Chilston, the present owner of it. (fn. 4)
HAM, alias WEST-COURT, is a manor in the northern part of this parish, situated in the hamlet of Ham, which, with an estate called Sharpnash, alias Sharpness, belonged to the abbey of Boxley, as early as the reign of king John, and in the 33d year of king Edward III. the abbot had a grant for free warren on their manor and estate here, which continued part of the possessions of that monastery till the dissolution of it in the 29th year of Henry VIII. when it was, together with all its revenues, surrendered up into the king's hands, who granted it in his 31st year, to Thomas Greene, gent. to hold in capite by knight's service. He was the natural son of Sir John Norton, of Northwood, in this county, for which reason he was frequently stiled in deeds of that time Norton, alias Greene. He died in the 6th year of Edward VI. being then possessed of the manor of West-court, with its appurtenances, held of the king, as of the duchy of Buckingham, by knight's service; and the manors of Ham and Sharpnash, and lands, pastures, fresh and salt marshes, belonging to those manors in Upchurch and Halstow, held in manner as before mentioned. He left two sons, Norton and Robert, of whom Norton the eldest, left an only daughter and heir Mary, wife of Sir Mark Ives, of Essex, and Robert, the second son, was of Bobbing. They bore for their arms, Gules, a cross potent, ermine, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 5) Norton Green, the eldest son of William as before mentioned, inherited these manors, which he alienated to Thomas Aldersey, gent. of Bredgar, in whose descendants the manor of Ham continued till it was length alienated to Thomas Hous, who passed it away to Thomas Skip, after which it came at length to his grandson Thomas Skip Bucknal, who in 1792, with the royal licence, took the name of Dyot. He is now of Hamptoncourt, in Middlesex, esq. and is the present possessor of the manor of Ham, alias West-court, and its appurtenances. What became of the part called Sharpness, I know not, excepting it was the marsh called Harfleet, alias Sharpness, afterwards called New-marsh, from one Mr. Elfet's stopping up the breach, and new making the walls of it; but it has long since been swallowed up by the sea again. It lies between Bayford and Burntwick marshes, and contains about five hundred acres of land.
Charities.
THERE is a yearly sum of 6s. 8d. paid on Michaelmas day from the parsonage to the poor of this parish.
TEN SHILLINGS is paid to the like purpose, from Highfield in Mun-farm, vested in John Sharpe.
BENJAMIN TROWTES, gave by will in 1623, bread to the value of 10s. payable out of Stains-farm, is yearly distributed to the poor on Maundy Thursday, and the Saturday before Michaelmas day, vested in Luke Miles.
Two ACRES of wood in Herst-wood, belonging to Gorefarm, situated on the south side of the sheere-way leading to Newington, was given by a person unknown, to the use of the poor, now of the annual produce of 40s.
The poor constantly relieved are about twelve; and casually fifteen.
UPCHURCH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sittingborne.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a very large, handsome building, consisting of three broad isles and two chancels; the pews for the present decreased number of inhabitants taking up only a small part of the middle isle. In the north chancel there are several grave stones, all of which are robbed of their brasses. In the north windows of this chancel there are good remains of painted glass, for the most part well preserved; underneath is a vault, which, by the circular stair-case to descend into it, seems to have been made use of only as a charnel-house, having many bones laid up in it. The steeple at the west end of the church is very remarkable, being a tower on which is placed a square part of a spire for about ten feet, and on that an octagon for the remaining or upper part to the point of the spire at top.
There is an old monument in the wall of the north chancel, garnished about with acorns and oak leaves, which Weever says, was, by report, set up over the grave of one Woodokes, entombed there.
The church of Upchurch belonged antiently to the Premonstratensian Abbey de Insula Dei, or Lisle Dieu, in Normandy, founded by Reginald de Paveley, in 1187, who having lands in this county, might probably give this church for the better support of his new foundation.
This church appears to have been appropriated to it very early, for in 1369, anno 44 Edward III. a commission was issued by archbishop Wittleseye for the augmentation of the portion of the perpetual vicar of Uppechirche to the above-mentioned abbey for some time appropriated, to five marcs.
Upon the suppressing of these foreign houses, this church was, in the 4th year of king Richard II. given to the hospital of St. Katherine, near the Tower, towards the founding of a chantry for three chaplains in it. But this seems to have been a grant only for a term of years, for king Henry VI. in his 17th year, on the foundation of All Souls college, in Oxford, granted this church, together with the advowson of the vicarage, to that college, part of the endowment of which it remains at this time.
The parsonage is leased out by the college of All Souls for a term of years, to Mr. Packman, of Upchurch; but the advowson of the vicarage the college reserve in their own hands.
The parsonage consists of a house, &c. eighty-one acres of arable, fresh, and salt marsh, being the glebe land of it, and the tithes of about five hundred acres of arable land in this parish, and is held at the yearly rent of 16l. 13s. 8d. in money, sixteen quarters of wheat, and sixteen quarters of malt. The lessee repairs the chancel of the parish church.
¶In the 8th year of king Richard II. this church was valued at 23l. 6s. 8d. then belonging to the abbey of Lisle Dieu, by which it should seem, that it was not divested of its property here then, though the hospital of St. Katherine's held the possession of it. It is valued in the king's books at eleven pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 2s. In the reign of queen Elizabeth there were one hundred and thirty-nine communicants. In 1640, it was valued at 60l. Communicants forty.
The vicar of Upchurch holds of Milton manor one acre of land at Culvers valley, in Upchurch.
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Consulte en nuestra página web más información sobre VITIS® suave compact:
A nicely-designed New-Light woman's combination compact and lighter. When you close the cigarette case, the lighter automatically pops up.
Agfa Optima Sensor compact 35mm camera
Specifications:-
Type: 35mm compact camera
Size: 104 mm x 68 mm x 54 mm (W x H x D)
Image Format: 24 x 36 mm (W x H)
Lens: Agfa Solitar, 40 mm f/2.8
Diaphragm: Automatic f/2.8 to f/22
Focusing: Manual scale pictograms on top of the focus ring/ meter/feet scale on bottom, focusing 3ft/1.09m - infinity
Shutter Speeds: 1/500 second - 15 seconds
Viewfinder: Large direct finder with parallax marks for near focus
Film Loading: Manual
Film Transport: Manual single stroke lever, also used to rewind film when the 'R' button is depressed and turned
Film Speeds: 25 ASA/15 DIN to 500 ASA/28 DIN, selected on a ring around the lens
Flash Contact: Hot shoe, aperture selected manually with flash
Cable Release Socket: On left hand side of the camera body
Tripod Socket: 1/4 in. on right hand side which doubles as camera strap attachment
Battery: 3 V625U batteries, located by opening the camera back
I admit I disliked fuji when it started. From the X100 to the XPro1, the camera system, despite its completely seducing color science output, was completely out of sync with my practice in terms of autofocus speed and file. Now the X system has matured into something that I find very hard to match for mirrorless camera photography.
The XT1 comes to solve pretty much all the problems I had with the system: AF and Camera Operations (once u get used to the nobs, hard to go back to menus) are reliable and quick, Lightroom 5.7 renders the file beautifully (with Classic Chrome) and the viewfinder is bigger than that of a full frame dSLR. Not only the camera is now a great camera, the lens system is superb in its consistency: the 14, 23 and 56 are great highly recommended lenses and perform equally marvellously in sharpness, colors and BOKEH while also looking darn good with the Fuji design language. Image quality wise, you get clean files at most of the modern ISOs 200-6400 (you can push the 6400 raw up to 12800 if u want without much penalty or color shifts).
The running cost of ownership is also even more interesting. The body goes for around 1K$ and the rest of the "super prime lenses" (you'd want to shoot prime with this one) go for 1k$ or less each. You can get yourself up and running for less than a full frame camera with equivalent quality lenses.The XT1 ain't still sunshine and rainbow though: It requires the extra grip to enjoy shooting with it, it is not light, the battery lasts as much as a film roll, you can't use exposure compensation on "manual" mode to shift the auto-ISO values, the RAW files are HUGE 30-40mb a piece, low-light AF works fast as long as you have a contrast zone to hunt for but then you also have a magnificent manual focus experience. Classic Chrome (also available in LR 5.7) redefines the fuji photography experience by offering a raw file free of color distorsions and true of natural colors as well as a butt load of great micro-contrast off the file.
All in all, I have to say that I fell in love with it. It is truly the best enthusiast mirrorless system I've come across and it's now well matured.
If you use a full frame dSLR: switching to fuji will depend if you want the premium lenses or the full frame IQ but can't afford the steep 2K$ per lens or 2-4K$ per body, also if you want to sacrifice the extensive "flash system" that dSLRs have.
If you are using a crop sensor dSLR: switching to fuji will depend if you want to keep investing in photography lenses and equipment and don't have to shoot unpredictable fast moving subjects, like birdies.
If you use a Sony: switching to fuji will depend if you are fed up with the teenage identity crisis unpredictability of the system's evolution (new tech = new "test" camera = no "conclusion" camera = less lenses for existing cameras = change the name). The A7 system will flourish to lead the mirrorless trend one day but before that day comes, you have at least until 2016.
If you use a m43 camera: switching to fuji will depend if are willing to drop a bunch of practical technical features: super fast AF (fuji is DARN FAST but m43 cameras are INSTANT FAST), video (I don't shoot video) or image stabilisation or clinical sharpness (fuji images are sharp! but not as pixel sharp as m43... I mean no camera is as pixel sharp as the m43 an) or the touchscreen af point selection... all this for an upgrade in image aesthetics that's a compromise of m43 compactness (somewhat) and passionated lens designs (m43's got good lenses but no "omg wow what the heck" lenses, sorry)
If you shoot film: This is IT. Film nobs, Film look, Film grain, Film output… on digital. This is fujifilm making a camera with the color science they apply on their negatives, all of it.
This is a creative commons image, which you may freely use by linking to this page. Please respect the photographer and his work.
Sperryville is in Rappahannock, County, Virginia. Small, but compact, this vernacular house has a large shingled front gable with a decorated vergeboard in the gable (along with an interesting vent). There is some nice woodwork on the small porch posts.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
On Tuesday, August 4th, Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito joined Revere Mayor Dan Rizzo to sign a Community Compact at City Hall. Afterwards, Lt. Governor Polito and Mayor Rizzo walked along Revere Beach to discuss the newly established city-state partnership while visiting local landmark businesses Kelly's Roast Beef and Luberto's Pastry Shop.
(Photo Credit: Joanne DeCaro)
The BMW Compact was a small family car which was basically a truncated hatchback version of the BMW E36 platform.
The car was available in 316i, 316g (compressed natural gas), 318ti and 318tds (diesel). The title Ti(Touring International) is unique to the Compact range and is used on the more powerful versions, harking back to the BMW New Class Tii models of the sixties and seventies.
From front bumper to A pillar, the Compact is identical to the BMW 3 Series (E36) sedan, sharing the front fenders, bumpers, lights, windshield, wing mirrors, and the hood. As with the entire E36 range, the E36/5 also shares an idential wheelbase. Similarities with the E36 sedan/coupe range end here; from the A pillar rearwards, the E36/5 is unique from others in the E36 range featuring unique framed doors, windows, roof, trunk pan, taillights, and suspension.
The BMW E36/5 Compact shares its suspension with the BMW Z3 and M Coupe/Roadster. The front employed the E36's standard MacPherson strut design. However the and rear suspension used a semi trailing arm from the previous model BMW 3 Series (E30) which allowed for more a lower trunk floor height, fold down rear seats, and an exterior undermounted compact spare tire.
The inherent design of the trailing arm suspension was that it favoured oversteer. It is the rarest and most sought after of the E36 318 lineup by enthusiasts, being the lightest, fastest, best handling and least expensive.
Apart from a simple one piece dashboard, the E36 Compact shared the same seats and trim as the full-sized 3-series. During 1993/4, BMW built several prototype 5-door compacts, which looked outwardly even more similar to the saloon right back to the C-pillar. However, following the initially disappointing sales response to the Compact (in comparison to the Saloon & Coupe models) BMW decided not to offer a 5-door variant. The prototypes were stripped and the bodyshells disposed of.
The E36 Compact was very popular in its home market in Europe, which prompted BMW to market the car to North America for the 1995 model year. The E36 Compact's front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout was unique for the segment, giving it no direct competitors in North America.
Lightline 1250 is an ultra compact, high performance LED desk lamp designed for offices and home studios. LEDs provide a color rendering index of over 75 CRI, whereas 100 is natural sunlight. When combined with ultra bright LEDs producing 1100 lux of brightness, the Lightline 1250 LED desk produce bright, clean light that can enhance worker productivity.
The brightness can be adjusted by a capacitive touch sensor in the base of the lamp. As an added feature, the base has an integrated USB slot enabling the charging of mobile devices. The Lightline 1250 LED Desk Lamp is available in midnight black and arctic white.
Length: 22 meters (32 and 43 against the other Citadis trams of the range)
Internal width: 2.24 meters
Capacity per train: 120 passengers (including 30 seats and two wheelchair positions)
Commercial speed: 20 km / h
Longueur : 22 mètres (contre 32 et 43 pour les autres tramways de la gamme Citadis)
Largeur intérieure : 2,24 mètres
Capacité par rame : 120 voyageurs (dont 30 places assises et deux emplacements fauteuil roulant)
Vitesse commerciale : 20 km/h
AUBAGNE, a town of 46,000 inhabitants situated east of Marseille, inaugurated its first light rail line on September 1st 2014.
Like the town's bus network, no fares are charged for travel on the tram line, making it the first free-to-use light rail system in France and one of the first in Europe.
The 2.7km line has seven stations and links the main line station in Aubagne with Charrel. Construction began in early 2013 and the project had a budget of €166m including rolling stock.
Services operate at 10-minute intervals using a fleet of 10 Citadis Compact low-floor LRVs. The 22m-long three-section vehicles accommodate up to 125 passengers.
The Urban Community of Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Etoile decided in April that it would not proceed with construction of the second or third phase of the network, although the community's president Mrs Sylvia Barthélémy announced at the opening ceremony that the municipal government will study the reopening of the 14km Valdonne railway north of Aubagne as a light rail line.
The proposed line would serve an area with a population of 60,000, linking Aubagne with Roquevaire, Auriol, La Destrouse, and La Bouilladisse. At present there are around 18,000 car journeys a day on the road between Aubagne and La Bouilladisse, and 110,000 vehicles per day use the motorway linking the area with Marseille.
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