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The Sukhoi Su-27 heavy air superiority fighter - codenamed 'Flanker' by NATO - was designed during the Cold War as a Soviet counter to potential Western opponents such as the US Air Force's F-15 Eagle. It first flew in 1977. Service entry began during 1985, and when the 'Flanker' started appearing at Western air displays in the hands of Sukhoi test pilots, starting at Paris in 1989, it astounded spectators with its manoeuvrability.
In the post-Soviet era, the original Su-27 series has continued to equip the Russian armed forces, and carried on serving with the Ukrainian Air Force as well as other former Soviet states and several export customers. The design has continued to be developed for both Russia and overseas markets, some of the latest derivatives incorporating thrust vectoring.
The Ukrainian Su-27s (one P model and one UB model) that are coming to Fairford for RIAT 2019 are on the strength of the 831st Tactical Aviation Brigade, based at Myrhorod in central Ukraine.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
An Aerosan (Russian: aэросани, "Aerosled") is a propeller-driven sledge, sleigh or toboggan which slides on runners or skis. Aerosleds were used for communications, mail deliveries, medical aid, emergency recovery, and patrolling borders in countries such as northern Russia, as well as for recreation. Aerosani were used by the Soviet Red Army during the Winter War and World War II for military purposes, too. The first aerosledges may have been built in 1903–05 by Sergei Nezhdanovsky. In 1909–10, young Igor Sikorsky designed and tested an aerosledge, before going on to build multi-engine airplanes and helicopters. Traditionally they were light plywood vehicles on skis, powered by used vintage aircraft engines and propellers.
Military use of the aerosani goes back to at least the 1910s. During World War I, aerosani were used for reconnaissance, communicating, and light raiding in northern areas. During the 1939–40 Winter War against Finland some were equipped with a machine gun ring mount on the roof. They could carry four or five men and tow four more on skis. The aerosani were initially used for transport, liaison, and medical evacuation in deep snow, mostly in open country and on frozen lakes and rivers because of their poor hill-climbing ability and limited maneuverability on winding forest roads.
During World War II aerosani were used for reconnaissance, communication, and light raiding in northern areas thanks to their high mobility (25–35 km/h) in deep snow, where many vehicles could not move at all. Responsibility for aerosani was transferred to the Soviet Armored Forces (GABTU) and orders were submitted for design and fabrication of lightly armored versions, protected by ten millimeters of steel plate on the front. They were organized into transport or combat battalions of 45 vehicles, in three companies, often employed in cooperation with ski infantry. Troops were usually carried or towed by transport aerosani, while fire support was provided by the heavier machine gun-armed, armored models. The light aerosani were not used for direct assault because of their vulnerability to explosives such as mortar rounds, though.
However, with the success of these vehicles in the winter of 1943/44 aircraft engineer Andrei Tupolev, who had already built a successful series of aerosani designated ANT-I through ANT-V in the 1920s and ’30s, was requested to construct a heavier vehicle that could add more firepower and protection to the armed troops. This became the ббс-I (or BBS-1, бронированные боевые сани, literally ’Armored Battle Sledge’). Compared with earlier vehicles of this type, the BBS-1 was an all-metal construction and basically a dramatically scaled-up re-interpreration of the original aerosan. The gigantic vehicle – probably inspired by the appearance of new and massive German tanks like Panzer V Panther or Panzer VI Tiger - was rather reminiscent of an armored train or draisine than of a light-footed aerosan. At first glance the new vehicle looked like an outdated box-shaped WWI tank with four skis instead of tracks, even like a mobile bunker made from sheet metal. A KV series tank turret was placed on top of the sloped roof and a radial engine, an air-cooled Shvetzov M-63-S with 1.100 hp/800 kW was mounted on massive struts onto the hull. It was placed directly behind the turret, together with an armored fairing and driving a reversible four-bladed metal pusher propeller. This engine was originally designed for aircraft, but for the use on the aerosan it was optimized for operations at low temperatures and high air density. It also received reinforced elements to reduce overhaul periods.
Steering was provided only through the skis, which were held by external suspension arms on all four corners of the box-shaped hull, for a wide stance and to provide the vehicle with stability. The four skis were relatively wide to distribute the aerosan’s weight over a large area to reduce ground pressure and to ensure operations on fragile ground like deep snow or even frozen water. Front and rear pair of skis were connected through rods and the vehicle was directed through mirrored steering angles from front and rear skis, what helped especially at high speed to keep the large and heavy aerosan stable. The BBS-1 was fully protected by armor, its boxy hull was made from riveted rolled steel armor plates of 6-20 mm strength bolted onto a simple but rigid metal chassis. The cast turret at its was armed with a long-barreled 76.2 mm M1941 ZiS-5 gun, and a total of four DT machine guns were mounted in the turret (one co-axial with the gun) and in stations around the hull (front and on each side). The unusual vehicle had a basis crew of seven eight and an operational weight of 38 tons!
While the BBS-1 was under hasty development, Wehrmacht planners were convinced that the Red Army would attack again in the south, where the front was 80 km (50 mi) from Lviv and offered the most direct route to Berlin. Accordingly, they stripped troops from Army Group Centre, whose front still protruded deep into the Soviet Union. The Germans had transferred some units to France to counter the invasion of Normandy two weeks before. The Belorussian Offensive (codenamed Operation Bagration), which was agreed upon by Allies at the Tehran Conference in December 1943 and launched on 22 June 1944, was a massive Soviet attack, consisting of four Soviet army groups totaling over 120 divisions that smashed into a thinly held German line.
They focused their massive attacks on Army Group Centre, not Army Group North Ukraine as the Germans had originally expected. More than 2.3 million Soviet troops went into action against German Army Group Centre, which had a strength of fewer than 800,000 men. At the points of attack, the numerical and quality advantages of the Soviet forces were overwhelming. The Red Army achieved a ratio of ten to one in tanks and seven to one in aircraft over their enemy. The Germans crumbled. The capital of Belarus, Minsk, was taken on 3 July, trapping some 100,000 Germans. Ten days later the Red Army reached the prewar Polish border. Bagration was, by any measure, one of the largest single operations of the war.
By the end of August 1944, it had cost the Germans ~400,000 dead, wounded, missing and sick, from whom 160,000 were captured, as well as 2,000 tanks and 57,000 other vehicles. In the operation, the Red Army lost ~180,000 dead and missing (765,815 in total, including wounded and sick plus 5,073 Poles), as well as 2,957 tanks and assault guns. The offensive at Estonia claimed another 480,000 Soviet soldiers, 100,000 of them classed as dead.
On the Karelian Isthmus, the Red Army launched a Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against the Finnish lines on 9 June 1944 (coordinated with the Western Allied Invasion of Normandy). Three armies were pitted there against the Finns, among them several experienced guards rifle formations, and the BS-1s (three had been built so far, with low priority due to the fact that they had to be assembled manually in workshops, since there was no factory of production line for these exotic vehicles) were earmarked to be deployed there once enough snow had fallen to make the armored aerosans operational. The attack breached the Finnish front line of defense in Valkeasaari on 10 June and the Finnish forces retreated to their secondary defense line, the VT-line. The Soviet attack was supported by a heavy artillery barrage, air bombardments and armored forces. The VT-line was breached on 14 June and after a failed counterattack in Kuuterselkä by the Finnish armored division, the Finnish defense had to be pulled back to the VKT-line. After heavy fighting in the battles of Tali-Ihantala and Ilomantsi, Finnish troops finally managed to halt the Soviet attack.
The Moscow Armistice ending the war with Finland was already signed on 19 September 1944, though. The entire isthmus became Soviet, although most of it had never been captured by the Soviets in battles. This time the ceded territories of the Karelian Isthmus (including the districts of Jääski, Kexholm and Vyborg) were incorporated into Leningrad Oblast (unlike Ladoga Karelia, which remained within the Karelo-Finnish SSR). Since their transfer and utility in southern regions, where the Soviet Army kept on pressing westward for Warsaw, the BBS-1s remained in the Karelian region, helped to secure the border to Finland, but never became involved in active battles. In fact, they rather had a psychological impact than a truly military use, because their operation turned out to be hazardous. One BBS-1 was quickly lost when it broke into the ice of lake Sokolozero and sank, killing its crew but one member who was able to escape in time, and the heavy vehicles’ handling even on solid ground was, due to the lack of mechanical brakes and the limited effectiveness of the ski steering system especially at higher speed, dangerous. Furthermore, the propeller kicked up lots of snow and the engine noise made the BBS-1 hard to conceal, so that it was rather used for “showing off” along the borderlines – with crews that were happy when they did not end up in a ditch or among trees. Apparently, the BBS-1 was not a success. Plans to upgrade the BBS-1 with a 85 mm DT-5 or an even bigger gun were not executed, and in early 1945, lacking snow and ice to keep the exotic and cumbersome vehicles operational, the remaining armored aerosans were retired and eventually scrapped.
Specifications:
Crew: seven to nine
Weight: 38 tonnes
Length overall: 12.60 m (41 ft 3 ¼ in)
Width overall: 5.47 m (17 ft 11 in)
Height (incl. propeller disc): 5.61 m (18 ft 4 ¾ in)
Suspension: Coil springs
Fuel capacity: 650 l
Armor:
6–20 mm (0.24 – 0.78 in)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 85 km/h (53 mph)
Operational range: 240 km (150 mi)
Power/weight: 29 hp/tonne
Engine:
1x air-cooled Shvetzov M-63-S 9-cylinder radial engine, delivering 1.100 hp/800 kW,
driving a reversible 4-blade pusher metal propeller
Armament:
1× 76.2 mm M1941 ZiS-5 gun with 118 rounds, stored in the turret and the hull
4× 7.62 mm DT machine guns (one mounted co-axially with the main gun,
and the others in the front of the hull and side stations, with a total of 7.250 rounds)
The kit and its assembly:
This kitbashing project was a dedicated submission for the “Polar Wars” Group Build at whatifmodellers.com, and the result of a search for a military vehicle that could reflect the GB’s topic in a rather dramatic fashion but also demonstrate a certain madness and megalomania. I eventually stumbled upon the (light!) Soviet and Finnish aerosan vehicles from WWII, and wondered what a fully armored type could have looked like? I did not want to put a standard tank onto skis, though, and rather looked for a different basis – and inspiration eventually struck when I came across an 1:35 aerosan kit from Trumpeter AND the Chinese manufacturer’s 1:72 model of a Soviet armored draisine – combining both plus a radial engine with a pusher propeller should yield something …zany.
Effectively, this build was not too complex, because it is basically a slightly modified core box with add-ons. Things started slowly, with the OOB KV-1 turret as the main armament of this aerosan behemoth. The main body consists of a Soviet armored draisine from Trumpeter, but I found the body to be too long and symmetrical for my plans, so that I took out a ~2cm plug and glued everything back together. The engine came from a MisterCraft PZL 23 bomber, an ugly one-piece blob that I never expected to find a good use on a model. It was modified to look a bit more delicate, and at its rear an extension fairing was added, partly consisting of a piece from a plastic ballpoint pen casing. The pusher prop consists of a reversed F8F piece, with a metal axis and a spinner transplant from an Italeri F4U.
The suspension had been taken wholesale from the 1:35 kit, even though I had to lengthen some of the control struts. While safety was not an inherent design feature of this thing, I thought that the prop would need some protection, so I started to scratch/construct a cage for it from soft iron wire. Its ugly intersections were hidden behind a pair of fins (sections from 1:72 Panzer IV side skirts!) – though improvised it turned out better that hoped for. In parallel, the four skis were put together, too - again taken OOB from the small 1:35 aerosan kit, just w/o the delicate PE parts. Once the basic hull was assembled, I added a few more details, like entry ladders and sideboards to cross the steering struts, and an improvised shallow snowplow at the front to lift the vehicle’s body over shallow humps. On the roof some details like a ventilation opening were added, too.
Painting and markings:
Due to the model’s zaniness I wanted the livery to be rather simple, so I gave the BBS-1 an overall coat with medium green (actually RAL 6003) from the rattle can. Then the decals – all gathered from the scrap box – were applied and a coat of whitewash was simulated with thinned matt acrylic paint, applied with a flat soft brush so that the green would shine through here and there. Once dry I finally added a thin coat of simulated snow, created with white tile grout blown onto the wetted model from the front as if it had collected the stuff while speeding through the Karelian landscape. Worked out quite well, since this always bears some risk that it looks goofy and artificial. Finally, the tile grout and the paint were fixed with a generous coat of matt acrylic varnish.
The Sukhoi Su-27 heavy air superiority fighter - codenamed 'Flanker' by NATO - was designed during the Cold War as a Soviet counter to potential Western opponents such as the US Air Force's F-15 Eagle. It first flew in 1977. Service entry began during 1985, and when the 'Flanker' started appearing at Western air displays in the hands of Sukhoi test pilots, starting at Paris in 1989, it astounded spectators with its manoeuvrability.
In the post-Soviet era, the original Su-27 series has continued to equip the Russian armed forces, and carried on serving with the Ukrainian Air Force as well as other former Soviet states and several export customers. The design has continued to be developed for both Russia and overseas markets, some of the latest derivatives incorporating thrust vectoring.
The Ukrainian Su-27s (one P model and one UB model) that are coming to Fairford for RIAT 2019 are on the strength of the 831st Tactical Aviation Brigade, based at Myrhorod in central Ukraine.
As part of the Codename Gener8 initiative, teens can learn Blockly, a JavaScript coding language, while programming Dash & Dot robots to navigate an obstacle course.
Registration is not required. This event is for teens and tweens grades 6-12. This science, technology, engineering, and mathematics focused program is made possible through a grant from the Best Buy foundation and the generosity of the Friends of the Library-Kingwood (FOLK).
Nov 2012: the unveiling by HRH the Princess Royal of a statue erected in Gordon Square in memory of Noor Inayat Khan (1914-44) who served as a British agent 'Codename Madeleine' during WW2.
Sadly she was captured by the enemy, in France, in late 1943 and detained in Germany where she was executed, as a spy, the following year. Despite fierce interrogation and torture by the Gestapo during her captivity, history has it she never 'broke' or provided the enemy with any information.
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2230082/Noor-Inayat-Khan...
A limited print produced for OzComicCon 2013 in Melbourne, a limited run available at www.sekured.com after July 7th
Codename: RocketMan
Loadouts: dual direct fire mini carbidium rail guns / 1-shot rocket hands.
...this one never salutes...
The SEAT Ronda (codenamed 022A) is a small family car produced by the Spanish automaker SEAT from 1982 to 1986, and styled by Rayton Fissore in collaboration with the Technical Centre in Martorell. 177,869 Rondas were built in total. The Ronda was the first SEAT model named after a Spanish city.
The SEAT Ronda was a restyled SEAT Ritmo which in its turn derived from the Fiat Ritmo. However, in 1983 the Arbitration Chamber of Paris (subsequent to the acrimonious split between FIAT and SEAT) judged that the differences between those cars were important enough so as not to consider the Ronda to be a rebadged Ritmo. The most visible external design differences between a Ritmo and a Ronda are rectangular headlights on the Ronda in place of the round ones featured on the Ritmo, different tail lights and panels, and changed door handles.
It was introduced with locally built engines from the 124 series or a larger twin cam 1.6, as well as a 1.7-litre diesel unit. Later, a version of Fiat's two-litre engine with a Porsche-developed head (System Porsche) was also installed in the rare Ronda Crono 2000 2.0 model. Only 800 of these were built. After an Autumn-1984 facelift, the Ronda received the "System Porsche" petrol engines which were developed for the Ibiza. The car was now called the Ronda P and carried a stylized "P" on the rear side.
Here are the list of Best Properties to buy now with latest offers and Cashbacks:
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Refer to our Blog Section:
1. www.behance.net/gallery/105694335/Best-Apartments-to-buy-...
2. www.behance.net/gallery/105694335/Best-Apartments-to-buy-...
3. www.mithilanchal.in/read-blog/5981_best-properties-to-buy...
4. www.reddit.com/user/RPCLAN-Homes-For-All/comments/j798aw/...
5. www.im-creator.com/free/rpclan/rp_clan
6. rpclan.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2020/10/08/185821
7. rpclan.hatenadiary.com/entry/2020/10/08/193946
8. rpclan.hateblo.jp/entry/2020/10/08/194414
9. vk.com/@-199312406-best-apartments-for-sale-with-huge-off...
10. pin.it/BqTRS6c
Day 2 german gun outside Musée du débarquement, Arromanches, on D-Day beach, codename Gold, Normandy Normandie, France
Given the codename "HILLMAN" by the Allies, this site comprised 18 concrete bunkers buried to a depth of 4m and linked by a complex network of trenches. Surrounded by minefields and barbed wire, the site was defende by guns, machine guns and armoured gunposts. On June 6th, the 1st Battalion of the Suffolk Regiment was given the difficult mission of capturing Hillman.
Nov 2012: the unveiling by HRH the Princess Royal of a statue erected in Gordon Square in memory of Noor Inayat Khan (1914-44) who served as a British agent 'Codename Madeleine' during WW2.
Sadly she was captured by the enemy, in France, in late 1943 and detained in Germany where she was executed, as a spy, the following year. Despite fierce interrogation and torture by the Gestapo during her captivity, history has it she never 'broke' or provided the enemy with any information.
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2230082/Noor-Inayat-Khan...
This would be the X-38 Cobra, codenamed "The Rabbit's Foot". This varient is the Cammando varient. Built with full wheel drive this vehicle Has a top speed of 95 MPHs with all Cargo aboard. Build by Mjölnir Industries for UKA Forces, built with full wheel drive, has a top speed of 95 MPHs with all Cargo aboard, is armor plated and bullet glass, and with a crew of Five this Vehicle is well defended.
Ideas from Andrew Somers
Utah Beach was the codename for one of the Allied landing beaches during the D-Day invasion of Normandy, as part of Operation Overlord on 6 June 1944. Utah was added to the invasion plan towards the end of the planning stages, when more landing craft became available. Despite being substantially off course, the U.S. 4th Infantry Division landed there with relatively little resistance, in contrast to Omaha Beach where the fighting was fierce. Utah beach, about three miles long, was the westernmost of the five landing beaches, located between Pouppeville and La Madeleine. A practice run for these landings, known as Exercise Tiger, took place in April of 1944 on the southern coast of the United Kingdom. This training exercise resulted in 749 American servicemen perishing and nearly 300 being wounded after poorly executed naval escort permitted an attack by German E-boats on the landing force. The actual invasion resulted in only about 200 casualties. Utah Beach was arguably the smoothest beach landing.
Codename: Striker
File Name: Peter
Primary Specialty: Intelligence Officer
Striker is the gray muzzle of the team, quite literally. He doesn't say much outside of strategy meetings and rarely interacts with others during his down time. The most we've ever been able to get out of the other members of the team is that he has been on Earth the longest and his primary mission, until joining A51, has been to "put down" rogue alien elements or what humanity has come to know as the stereotypical bloodthirsty werewolf. It should be noted that a few of the werewolf reports have been sightings of Striker's species most are indeed created through paranormal avenues. To date, according to Leader there have only been two shape shifters to go bad and in both cases they were never reported as werewolves.
Screenshot of archive footage from the Imperial War Museum, which footage was used in the film Overlord (Stuart Cooper, 1975), Overlord was the codename for D-Day, June 6th, 1944.
Choose attributes from Mother and Father and produce a face.
Visit my blog at ideonexus.com for science news and speculation.
Here is a preview of the Laser Light Show for Ghostland Observatory's new Tour : Codename Rondo.
Amazing new songs! Amazing new laser programming! 16 Lightwave Prism Series lasers with over 120 Watts total on stage. 3D Laser Texture Projection Mapping.
Still plenty of tour dates, so please go see the show. CD available for purchase also!
Lasers by Lightwave International. More soon at www.lasershows.net