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Things didn't go to plan at our 2 locations for the 5s,this being particularly unfortunate as the sun came out on the back of the train !
44871 and 45407 sounded superb as they headed north on the S+C on 13/4/2019
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Rasnov Citadel was built as part of a defence system for the Transylvanian villages exposed to outside invasions. Archaeological research revealed the existence of fortification traces on the citadel hill since prehistoric and Dacian times. The medieval citadel of today is considered to be built between 1211 and 1225, during the rule of Teutonic Knights in Burzenland (Țara Bârsei a historic and ethnographic area in southeastern Transylvania, Romania with a mixed population of Romanians, Germans and Hungarians).
The citadel has a simple architectonic style, similar to the ordinary houses of the time and adapted to the fortification requirements. The peasants used stones and bricks for building the walls, and woods for making the gates and platforms. The towers and walls are covered with roof tiles for preventing the fires from besiegers. The walls are 5 metres (16 ft) high and the widest part is constituted by the South wall which in some areas is 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) thick. (Wikipedia)
I thought of the rounded towers and embrasures of medieval wallls that I have seen and stood beside in my travels.
I was in a valley with rows of silos on either side looming over me. The deepening shadows from the setting sun, gave a creepy feeling to the deserted trainyard. It was the same twitchy feeling I got standing to a centuries" ol medieval citadel somewhere in Spain.
This particular silo with its windows, and doors looked especially like the ancient towers I saw.
The Citadel of Besançon (French: Citadelle de Besançon) is a 17th-century fortress in Franche-Comté, France. It is one of the finest masterpieces of military architecture designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban. The Citadel occupies 11 hectares (27 acres) on Mount Saint-Etienne, one of the seven hills that protect Besançon, the capital of Franche-Comté. Mount Saint-Etienne occupies the neck of an oxbow formed by the river Doubs, giving the site a strategic importance that Julius Caesar recognised as early as 58 BC. The Citadel overlooks the old quarter of the city, which is located within the oxbow, and offers a magnificent view of the entire city and its surroundings.
The fortification is well preserved. Today it is an important tourist site (over a quarter of a million visitors per year) due both to its own characteristics and because it is the site of several museums. These museums include a museum of the Resistance and deportation, a museum focusing on traditional life in Franche-Comté and the region's archeological history, and a museum of natural history that includes a zoo, an insectarium, an aquarium, vivariums, a noctarium, a climatorium, a pedagogical exhibit on evolution, botanical gardens, and a children's farm. There is also a restaurant and shops.
On 7 July 2008, UNESCO listed the Citadel, together with nearby Fort Griffon, as a World Heritage Site. Since 1942, the French Ministry of Culture has listed the Citadel as a Monument historique.
According to historical evidence, in 1686, Arang-khan began the construction of the citadel Kunya-ark at the western gates of Ichan-kala. The ark presented a complex multi-yard composition, containing a house for khan, the members of his family, and dignitaries. From the large numbers of constructions of the ark only several buildings of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century were preserved. They were the official reception hall (kurinishkhana), a mosque, the mint, and a harem. Previously, there were an arsenal, a powder-mill, and an official building, warehouses, a kitchen, guardhouses, a stable, and a parade area. Fortified gates led to the citadel. A high-cogged wall separated the ark from the neighborhood dwellings of Ichan-kala.
A man stands on top of the ruins and takes a selfie at Citadel Hill, an archeological site at the centre of downtown Amman, Jordan.
Neamț Citadel (Romanian: Cetatea Neamțului) is a medieval fortress located in north-eastern part of Romania, near Târgu Neamț, Neamț County. It was built in the 14th century Moldavia during Petru I and was expanded in the 15th century. The citadel played a key role in Stephen the Great's defense system against Ottoman Empire. (Wikipedia)
My first morning driving through Glacier NP was like a nature photographer’s Disneyland- every turn had breathtaking views and changing light from the sun breaking through the clouds. Since I was on my own and hadn’t explored the park yet, I spent a lot of time photographing from roadside pullouts like this view of what I believe to be Citadel Mountain catching the first light of the day.
The medieval citadel of today is considered to be built between 1211 and 1225, during the rule of Teutonic Knights in Burzenland, although there is no evidence in this respect.
In 1335, during a Tatar incursion that ravaged Burzenland, Râșnov and Brașovia were the only citadels remaining unconquered. This is also the first documented attestation of the fortification.
In 1421 the first siege of an Ottoman army took place on the citadel.
In 1600, Michael the Brave along with his troops and his wife, Lady Stanca, retreated here after the defeat of Mirăslău.
The citadel was conquered only once, during the rule of Prince Gabriel Báthory, in 1612. The fall was caused by the lack of water due to the discovery of the path to a secret spring by the enemy troops.
Because of the lack of a source of water interior to the citadel, between 1623 and 1642 a 146 metres (479 ft) deep well was excavated in it.
In 1718 the citadel was partially destroyed by a fire, and in 1802 it was damaged by an earthquake.
In 1821 refugees from Wallachia (the resurgent movement led by Tudor Vladimirescu) retreated to the citadel.
Between 1848-1849, because the locality was being crossed by the Hungarian revolutionaries and the Austrian imperial troops, the villagers retreated to the citadel. This was the last mission of the citadel as a place of refugee and defence.
In 1850, due to the political situation and the diminution of the citadel's defensive role, the fortification was abandoned, becoming a ruin. There was only one guard left who had to announce the outbreak of fires by tolling a bell.
Because of the two world wars and the set up of the communist regime in Romania, the citadel was restored for the first time, barley, in the years 1955-1956
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
The Amman Citadel is an archeological site at the center of downtown Amman, the capital of Jordan. The L-shaped hill is one of the seven hills that originally made up Amman. The Citadel has a long history of occupation by many great civilizations.
The Citadel witnessed the rise and fall of several different empires, among them the Assyrians, Babylonians, Romans, and Umayyads. It has attracted the interest of archaeologists from the early 20th century onward, including excavations by Italian archaeologists begun in 1930.
The old mosque is in the center of the picture and the reconstructed citadel is just left of the mosque. This is the small country town of Divrigi, Turkey.
Out here, kilts are not something most people see every day, and so when I noticed there were Flickr groups about kilts, I took a few snaps to be able to contribute to them.
Playing with DOF with these flowers that I found on a pillar at The Citadel, Hue, Vietnam.
Sony R-100 MK3 compact camera
Aperture ƒ/1.8
Focal length 8.8 mm
Shutter 1/160
ISO 200
Neamț Citadel (Romanian: Cetatea Neamțului) is a medieval fortress located in north-eastern part of Romania, near Târgu Neamț, Neamț County. It was built in the 14th century Moldavia during Petru I and was expanded in the 15th century. The citadel played a key role in Stephen the Great's defense system against Ottoman Empire. (Wikipedia)
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
The Citadel ... ... I don't know what it does, but it's cool and floats over City 17.
Built for Brickz Lab's 1 hour challenge, the category was Skyscraper / Micro.
And props goes out to Ben for getting me to waste an entire night looking at Half Life concept art
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.
This is all that is left of Cromwell's Citadel which was built in 1654 as a fortified garrison. Cromwell invaded Scotland defeating the Scottish Royalists at Dunbar in 1650.
Over 1,200 officers and men were accommodated within the walls of the Citadel.
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The Citadel Jerusalem
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De Citadel in 's-Hertogenbosch is een voormalig fort gelegen aan de Citadellaan, op loopafstand van de binnenstad van de stad. Dit fort werd aangelegd tussen 1637 en 1645. De citadel was een fort met daarbij vijf punten in het bastion. De aanleg van het fort werd kort na de inname van de stad in 1629 gestart. Het fort kreeg de naam Fort Willem Maria, namen van twee van de kinderen van prins Frederik Hendrik van Oranje, die de stad had veroverd op de Spanjaarden.Om het fort een vrij schootsveld te geven werd de wijk Ortheneind gesloopt, samen met de St.-Petrus en Pauluskerk. Het gebied waarvan de bebouwing tegen de vlakte ging, besloeg ongeveer 4 ha. Ook de noordelijke toegangsweg naar de stad ging voortaan via de Citadel lopen langs de noordelijke en de zuidelijke poort van het bouwwerk.
Het fort had na de voltooiing twee functies. Het moest de stad verdedigen tegen eventuele aanvallen van de Spanjaarden, maar tegelijkertijd moest het ook de Bossche inwoners in de gaten houden. Het kreeg daarom de bijnaam papenbril. Het Staatse bewind was bang dat de inwoners van het katholieke 's-Hertogenbosch trouw bleven aan de Spaanse koning. In de periode dat de Citadel werd gebouwd, was het gezag van de Spaanse koning in het noorden van het land al aan het teruglopen, maar in het zuiden van het land had de koning nog veel gezag.
Rond 1789 werd aan het fort een kazernefunctie gegeven. Midden op het terrein werd een kazernegebouw gebouwd, welke in 1848 werd uitgebreid met vier vleugels. Dit gebouw met de daarbij behorende vleugels waren bedoeld voor de manschappen. In de militaire periode vervulde de kazerne ook de functie van tribunaal en militaire gevangenis. In de Franse Periode zijn hier ook mensen geëxecuteerd. (Bron: Wikipedia)
Zitadelle Spandau: Blick durch eine Schiessscharte im Wall der Bastion König über den vereisten Burggraben zum Juliusturm.
ENG Berlin-Spandau citadel/ fortress: View from a loophole to Commander's House and Julius Tower.
Neamț Citadel (Romanian: Cetatea Neamțului) is a medieval fortress located in north-eastern part of Romania, near Târgu Neamț, Neamț County. It was built in the 14th century Moldavia during Petru I and was expanded in the 15th century. The citadel played a key role in Stephen the Great's defense system against Ottoman Empire. (Wikipedia)
The Spandau Citadel (German: Zitadelle Spandau) is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance military structures of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.