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De Citadel by Christian de Portzamparc architects, Almere new city center masterplan by Koolhaas/OMA, Almere, the Netherlands www.chdeportzamparc.com
The Amman Citadel is a historical site at the center of downtown Amman, Jordan. Known in Arabic as Jabal al-Qal'a, the L-shaped hill is one of the seven jabals that originally made up Amman. Evidence of occupation since the pottery Neolithic period has been found. It was inhabited by different peoples and cultures until the time of the Umayyads, after which came a period of decline and for much of the time until 1878 the former city became an abandoned pile of ruins only sporadically used by Bedouin and seasonal farmers. Despite this gap, the Citadel of Amman is considered to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited places.
The Citadel is considered an important site because it has had a long history of occupation by many great civilizations. Most of the buildings still visible at the site are from the Roman, Byzantine, and Umayyad periods. The major buildings at the site are the Temple of Hercules, a Byzantine church, and the Umayyad Palace.
Though the fortification walls enclose the heart of the site, the ancient periods of occupation covered large areas. Historic structures, tombs, arches, walls and stairs have no modern borders, and therefore there is considerable archaeological potential at this site, as well as in surrounding lands, and throughout Amman.
Archaeologists have been working at the site since the 1920s, including Italian, British, French, Spanish, and Jordanian projects, but a great part of the Citadel remains unexcavated.
The reconstructed entrance to Erbil's Citadel, guarded by a statue of Mubarak Ben Ahmed Sharaf-Aldin, aka Ibn Almustawfi. At least that's what the sign says. He's a historian, but I can't find anything about him on the wikis.
© Citadelle médiévale dominant le site exceptionnel de la vallée de la Rance, Dinan est sans conteste l'une des plus belles cités de Bretagne.
Hue: a great place to visit in Vietnam for those wishing to step back in time and discover some history.
The Citadel was the seat of the Imperial Emperor.. and good for him, but when we were there it rained rained rained!
Discover more on my travel blog: inmyshoestravel.com/hue/
The Citadel of Qaitbay (or the Fort of Qaitbay) (Arabic: قلعة قايتباي) is a 15th-century defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast, in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1477 AD (882 AH) by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay. The Citadel is situated on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the Eastern Harbour
تقع هذه القلعة في نهاية جزيرة فاروس غرب الإسكندرية. وشيدت في مكان منار الإسكندرية القديم الذي تهدم سنة 702 هـ اثر الزلزال المدمر الذي حدث في عهد السلطان الناصر محمد بن قلاوون. وقد بدأ السلطان الأشرف أبو النصر قايتباي بناء هذه القلعة في سنة 882 هـ وانتهى من بنائها سنة 884 هـ. وكان سبب اهتمامه بالأسكندرية كثرة التهديدات المباشرة لمصر من قبل الدولة العثمانية والتي هددت المنطقة العربية بأسرها وقد اهتم السلطان المملوكي قنصوه الغوري بالقلعة فزاد من اهميتها وشحنها بالسلاح.
Kastellholmen is an island in central Stockholm. The island has a few houses, store buildings, a skating pavilion and citadel from 1848.
Panorama from the balcony of the Salle de Garde of the older part of the citadel, looking approx. south-west. Our guess is that the main Canadian hospital building, the one that was bombed on 29/30 May 1918, was left of centre, behind the trees.
The ruins left of centre may have incorporated the chapel.
24.3.1918. Although still bearing the name of Stationary, this is really a Casualty Clearing Station and, at present, the nearest one to the line. Yesterday this place was very busy indeed. The patients and staff of twelve Clearing Stations arrived in addition to hundreds straight from the field. The Chapel has been converted into a dressing station. Here we worked far into the wee small hours. During the night there were 1 600 boys admitted. Boys utterly weary but cheerful.
9.4.1918. Last night Sister Gascoyne and I were on duty in the Chapel and we had 1 000 men, badly gassed, brought in. Poor fellows, how they suffered. We worked as quickly as we could – the boys helping us. The worst of the pain the men had was in their eyes – the eyelids puffed and blistered dreadfully.
Sister Elsie Tranter, A.A.N.S., 3rd Canadian Stationary Hospital
In Râşnov a citadel was built around the year 1215 by the Teutonic Knights and it was mentioned for the first time in 1331. The citadel was conquered only once in its history.
It is a great place to take pictures. Unfortunately the weather was not so good and I only had with me the 50mm which is quite long and chose not to enter.
I hope that next year in the spring to take a short trip to Râşnov and post more pictures.
Liège
The Citadel of Liège was the central fortification of the strategic Belgian city of Liège until the end of the 19th century. It is located in the Sainte-Walburge neighborhood, 111 metres (364 ft) above the Meuse valley. The first citadel was built on the heights overlooking the city in 1255. It was rebuilt in a pentagonal shape by Prince-Bishop Maximilian Henry of Bavaria in 1650. This fortress was destroyed by France shortly afterwards, then rebuilt in 1684. During the Napoleonic Wars it was given five bastions in the style of Vauban. By the late 19th century the citadel had become obsolete, replaced by the twelve forts of the Fortified Position of Liège. It continued in use as a barracks and as a command post. In the 1970s the citadel was largely destroyed by the construction of a hospital on the site. The southern walls remain. An area on the north side is a memorial to Belgians executed in the citadel by German occupiers in World Wars I and II, while 20th-century bunkers remain on the south side.
The Citadel high above downtown Amman. All the great civilizations of this part of the world occupied here and rebuilt. We see here Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic period ruins.
The Citadel of Aleppo is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria. It is considered to be one of the oldest and largest castles in the world. Usage of the Citadel hill dates back at least to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. Subsequently occupied by many civilizations including the Greeks, Byzantines, Ayyubids and Mamluks, the majority of the construction as it stands today is thought to originate from the Ayyubid period. An extensive conservation work has taken place in the 2000s by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture in collaboration with Aleppo Archeological Society. Dominating the city, the Citadel is part of the Ancient City of Aleppo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986.
Gaziantep Fortress and the Ravanda citadel, rise above the old city centre in ancient Antep, now Gaziantep, in south eastern Turkey. Wikipedia gives a good general description en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaziantep