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A roadside Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) on Bald Head Island, North Carolina
590nm IR-converted Pentax K-5
SMC Pentax-A 1:2.8 24mm
Iridient Developer
The canal, Bastion Hill park, Riga.
Bastejkalns, or Bastion Hill in English, is a nice and quiet park in the very center of Riga. It was formed in the 19th century after tearing down city bulwarks.
The City Canal is 3.2 km long and about 2 meters deep. Sixteen bridges of different widths cross the City Canal.
The Green Area around Bastion Hill was developed according to the project led by A.Vents, the architect of Lübeck City gardens. After 1880 the Green Area of Canal was completely changed under the leadership of G. Kufalts, Director of Riga City gardens, who reconstructed or developed almost all of the gardens in Riga in the early-twentieth century. The Green Area of the City Canal was reconstructed in the twenties and thirties of the 20th century according to the project of A. Zeidaks.
The Senate
(With a portrait of King Willem II)
The Senate (Dutch: Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal or simply Eerste Kamer, literally "First Chamber", or sometimes Senaat) is the upper house of the States General, the legislature of the Netherlands. Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve States-Provincial and three Caribbean electoral colleges for the Senate every four years, within three months of the provincial elections. All provinces and colleges have different electoral weight depending on their population.
Members of the Senate are part-timers who often hold other positions as well. They receive an allowance which is about a quarter of the salary of the members of the lower house. Unlike the politically more significant House of Representatives, it meets only once a week. Its members tend to be veteran politicians or part-time politicians at the national level, often having other roles.
It has the right to accept or reject legislative proposals but not to amend them or to initiate legislation. Directly after a bill has been passed by the House of Representatives, it is sent to the Senate and is submitted to a parliamentary committee. The committee decides whether the bill can be immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber or there should first be preparatory study of the, bill. If a bill is immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber, it is passed as a formality without a debate.
History
The first constitution of the modern Netherlands, passed in 1814, re-established a unicameral States General. As it became clear that the former Southern Netherlands would be added to the new United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a newly instituted constitutional commission was tasked with drafting a new constitution. The southern members of the constitutional commission pressed for a bicameral system because of the conviction that their nobility should be given a place in the legislature. While the northern members were not enthusiastic about the proposal, they agreed under the condition that nobility would not be a requirement for membership. The new constitution, which came into effect on 24 August 1815, thus provided for a Senate consisting of forty to sixty members appointed by the king for life. The list of the first appointees was published on 16 September 1815 and the newly appointed chamber was first assembled on 21 September 1815 in Brussels in a joint assembly with the House of Representatives. In its early years, the Senate functioned as a bulwark of the Crown (the king and his ministers). Its members, appointed by the king from among the "most significant of the country", were mostly confidants of the king who were often called upon to veto bills that displeased him. Such bills were usually private members' bills from the House of Representatives. The Senate remained in existence after the separation from Belgium in 1830, although its membership was halved to no fewer than twenty and no more than thirty members.
Much changed in the political sphere as a result of the Constitutional Reform of 1848, which introduced direct elections for the House of Representatives, which until then had been elected by the States-Provincial. The constitutional commission, under the chairmanship of Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, intended for the Senate to be directly elected as well, but the predominantly conservative House of Representatives blocked this, fearing that the two chambers would be too similar. Additionally, Senators were expected to judge bills with more independence and distance from daily politics, as a "chambre de reflection", which was deemed impossible when they would be forced to campaign for direct election.
It was therefore decided that the Senate would henceforth be elected by the States-Provincial. Its 39 seats were distributed among the provinces degressively proportional to population, and a third of its members would be elected for 9-year terms every three years using a majoritarian system. The position of the Senate and the criteria governing eligibility to stand for election were also among the changes. Monitoring the quality of legislation gradually came to be the main function of the Senate after 1848.
Source (and more info):
Metz - East France -
vestiges of the old bulwarks which protected
formerly the city of Metz -
heritage of the past 15th and 16th century -
la Porte des Allemands -
Metz - Lorraine -
vestiges des anciennes fortifications qui protégeaient
jadis la ville - un héritage du 15ème et 16ème siècle -
The surreal reflections I occasionally find in shuttered shop windows amaze me over and over. Here, that sharp rip in the view-blocking paper made my heart literally skip a beat. What luck! Thank you, Zeus! ;-D
Het derde volksbadhuis van Haarlem bevond zich aan het randje van de toenmalige stadsgrenzen (toen gemeente Schoten nog niet bij Haarlem hoorde), namelijk aan de overkant van de bolwerken aan de Schotersingel. Dit badhuis volgde dertien jaar na het bouwen van het tweede badhuis in de Leidsebuurt. Jezelf er wassen kan alleen als je in t het water van het bolwerk erachter springt: het badhuis is tegenwoordig een kantoor.
bron: indebuurt.nl/haarlem/toen-in/verdwenen-haarlemse-gebouwen...
The third public bathhouse of Haarlem was located on the edge of the then city limits (when the municipality of Schoten was not yet part of Haarlem), namely on the other side of the bulwarks on the Schotersingel. This bathhouse followed thirteen years after the construction of the second bathhouse in the Leidsebuurt. You can only wash yourself there if you jump into the water of the bulwark behind it: the bathhouse is now an office.
Despite being heavily bombed during World War II, Chania's Old Town is considered the most beautiful urban district on Crete, especially the crumbling Venetian harbour. The borders of the Old Town are the mostly destroyed old Venetian wall (and bulwarks) and this has been the cradle of all the civilizations which were developed in the area. The central part of the old town is named Kasteli and has been inhabited since Neolithic times. It is located on a small hill right next to the seafront and has always been the ideal place for a settlement due to its secure position, its location next to the harbour and its proximity to the fertile valley in the south. Nowadays it is a bit more quiet than the neighbouring areas of the west part of the district. The Splantzia quarter (next to the east part of Kasteli) is also largely untouched and very atmospheric. A plan for its future development is now under consideration.
The main square of the Old Town (next to the west end of Kasteli) is Eleftherios Venizelos Square, also known as Syntrivani (from Turkish şadırvan 'fountain'). It is the heart of the touristic activities in the area. Next to this (on the west side) lies the Topanas district, which was the Christian quarter during the Ottoman period. Its name comes from the Venetian ammunition warehouse (Turkish tophane), which was located there. The Jewish quarter (Evraiki or Ovraiki) was located at the north-west of the Old Town, behind the harbour and within the borders of Topanas. The whole Topanas area is generally picturesque, with many narrow alleys and old charming buildings, some of which have been restored as hotels, restaurants, shops and bars. This makes it a lively and colourful place especially during the warm period (April–October). In the winter, it still remains a center of activities (especially for nightlife) but in a more quiet and atmospheric way.
Finally, a very distinctive area of the Old Town is the harbour itself and generally the seafront ("akti"). Akti Tompazi, Akti Kountouriotou and Akti Enoseos (marina) all feature several historical buildings and a thriving nightlife. The main street that combines the modern town with the old town is Halidon Str.
one of the two islets off the coast of Perast in Bay of Kotor. It is an artificial island created by bulwark of rocks and by sinking old and seized ships loaded with rocks.
When out shooting street I seem to be attracted to shafts of light rather like a moth. This one was in Bulwarks Lane Oxford
Tismana Monastery, Romania
"Tismana Monastery, together with its medieval walls and angular bulwarks, lies on the Starmina Mountain being surrounded by forests, 30 km away from Targu Jiu. The Geto-Dacian toponym “tismena” meant “fortress”. (www.romanianmonasteries.org/other-monasteries/tismana)
Nikodim Tismanski, an Orthodox monk scribe and translator who was the founder of monasteries, one in Serbia and two in Romania, was canonized by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1955. Nikodim erected the Tismana Monastery in Romania, dedicated to the Most Holy Virgin. Saint Nikodim died on 26 December 1406 and was buried in the narthex of the church of Tismana Monastery. His relics were kept there for a while, but later they were hidden in an unknown place because of the hostilities of the time. Only the forefinger of his right hand and his lead pectoral cross remained at Tismana. (Wikipedia)
la bellezza e la libertà delle donne messa in evidenza con eleganza e con forza in un paese dove la libertà e l'emancipazione è il baluardo che tutti i paesi del mondo dovrebbero conquistare.
The beauty and freedom of women highlighted with elegance and strength in a country where freedom and emancipation are the bulwark that all countries in the world should conquer.
From the heights of Arundel Castle's ramparts, a sweeping vista unveils its sturdy defensive works of centuries past -- towering bulwarks and guarding towers silhouetted against a bucolic landscape of velvet green and leafy branches.
A part of the former seventeenth-century bulwarks and defenses of Groningen (1608-1642) has since the late nineteenth century given way to a delightful park, the Noorderplantsoen (see inset for a view). Groningen, at the confluence of two rivers giving access to the Waddenzee and then the North Sea, was never a very militaristic town and far more interested in trade and industry. Especially important was shipping to Scotland, the Baltic and also 'the West' (western Africa and South America, in particular Brazil). One of the wharfs of the West Indies Trading Company (WIC) was to the southeast of the water you can see in the inset.
The main photo has a European Honeybee - a symbol, of course, of industry and commerce - visiting a Smooth Snowberry, which has made its way through commerce from the Americas to Europe. Honeybee likely is 'wild' or from the hive of a hobby man; she's an example of her sisters in the wonderful mosaic in Brugstraat 7 (see: www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/16334368123/in/photoli...).
EW&S livery 60040 on the banks of the River Wye at Bulwark on 18/04/05 with 6V92 10.10 Corby-Margam coil empties.
PENTAX 67, PENTAX SMC 165mm, Fujichrome PROVIA 100F