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The railway line along Mullet Creek, looking south towards the bridge. Location Hawkesbury River.
Mullet Creek is located on the Hawkesbury River on the New South Wales Central Coast. The construction of the railway line between Hawkesbury and Woy Woy in New South Wales began in 1883 at a time when railway construction was at its peak. It was the final stage in the railway line connecting Sydney and Newcastle, and in many ways, was the most challenging for railway contractors. A significant part of the construction process included a tunnel being constructed between Mullet Creek and Woy Woy Creek, which became the longest railway tunnel in Australia at the time. To accommodate workers, a semi-permanent town was established at Mullet Creek, which was home to eight hundred railway workers and their families for about eight years. Services were established at the camp to cater for the population resulting in a fully functioning and thriving township.
The building contract was awarded to George Blunt who had several years experience building railways in England. Many labourers and skilled workmen were required to construct culverts, bridges and tunnels in the relatively short portion of railway which took several years to complete.
No doubt, a dilemma for Blunt was how to house, feed and entertain hundreds of workers and their families in such a rugged and remote area. While the majority of residents at navvy camps were male workers, there was a significant number of wives and children who travelled with their husbands. Due to the projected length of time of construction, workers were required to be at the Mullet Creek for an extended period. While workers accommodation was of a temporary nature, more permanent buildings such as stores, a butcher, boarding houses, a school, hotels and post office were established on the site. In 1885 expressions of interest were requested for an individual to convey mail from Mullet Creek to Woy Woy three times a week. The successful candidate was Mary Ann Taylor from Woy Woy.
The main camp was located at the head of the creek where residents found any available flat piece of land to set up a tent. Many more tents were perched high on the mountainside while others were erected near the tunnel entrance at Mount Pleasant (now known as Mount Wondabyne), just off the main access road from Woy Woy to Mullet Creek.
Enticing prospective workers was undoubtedly at times difficult, and while the consumption of alcohol was seen as a problem amongst navvies, contractors realised without hotels, workers would be reluctant to relocate to such an isolated area. There were lucrative opportunities for inn keepers establishing hotels where railway workers set up camp as there was a strong and consistent customer base. As such, in 1883, John Snape applied to the authorities to erect a hotel at Mullet Creek. As described in his application, the building was to contain ‘four sleeping rooms and two sitting rooms, in addition to those required for the use of my family’, and contained a number of billiard tables. Known as the Travellers Rest Hotel, it was located close to the tunnel entrance at Mount Pleasant.
Another proprietor, John Brown, was the owner of The Navvy’s Friend Hotel located further along Mullet Creek. A number of illegal distributors of alcohol also operated at Mullet Creek. Snape later built a two storied ‘resort’ style hotel in 1888 adjacent to what was once the Mullet Creek railway station, specifically for the tourist trade. Upon completion of this hotel he attempted to sell it.
While the Mullet Creek camp was relatively isolated, residents did have regular access to Sydney via a steamer. It was also a popular route for travellers who did not like sea travel. Local residents and those from further afield travelled to Mullet Creek via Gosford and Woy Woy tolerating the treacherous road conditions along the way. Once the escarpment at Mullet Creek was reached, ‘an ordinary store two-wheel truck was used to take the luggage down to the steamer: this truck would be piled up with boxes, and immediately the incline was reached going down to the wharf, it was a sight to see the bonnet boxes and other tin boxes go racing down, much to the disgust of the owners’. Once the shores of Mullet Creek were reached, passengers boarded a steamer from the wharf then travelled through to their destinations.
Agnes Fagan who lived at Point Clare near Woy Woy during the construction of the railway passed through the area on the way to Brooklyn for a holiday with her husband, noting the experience in her diary. She witnessed the families of navvies and railway workers hard at work:
… there were numbers of tents, a public school and a large hotel, also stores, some of the tents and their occupants looked quite cheerful and also neat and clean. Some have sewing machines at which women are busily engaged, indeed one may see tidily kept flower gardens at the side of some of the tents, then again we met dirty tents, slovenly looking women standing yarning outside them, little children looking dirty and uncared for.
As witnessed by Agnes, navvies wives filled their day with numerous activities such as looking after children, mending and making clothes, baking bread and cooking meals for families and workers. Gardens were established which possibly provided a distraction to the mundane life of the navvy wife. Surprisingly, however residents were not without luxuries of fine ceramic serving ware and modern day conveniences such as sewing machines. Artefacts left behind at Mullet Creek that are still evident in the area, suggest residents possessed ceramic tea cups and saucers, butter and casserole dishes, plates, bowls and mugs including children’s tea sets. Families appeared to make the most of their situation at Mullet Creek where they were able to set up home with most contemporary conveniences.
George Davis operated a butcher shop at each end of the tunnel. Davis owned an abattoir at Davistown near Gosford and shipped large quantities of meat by road and steamer to his shop at Mullet Creek which was run by James Coleman. C G McGregor operated a store which was situated close to the wharf at Mullet Creek and bread was baked in large quantities onsite as witnessed by Agnes Fagan on her travels.
In 1886 the construction of the Hawkesbury River Railway Bridge commenced which was the last major project linking the railway between Sydney and Newcastle. The bridge was officially opened on 1 May 1889. Once the work was completed most workers and their families left the area to the next location where work was available. By the 1891 New South Wales census most of the population at Mullet Creek had moved elsewhere with approximately twenty-four people living at Mullet Creek at that time. Today, very little remains of the thriving railway workers settlement of the 1880s.
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel / Heading East / First Bridge Gap Tunnel / Large Shipping Channel Pass Overhead / Approaching Traffic
i have always had a like for old structures such as bridges and tunnels....but i had the pleasure of meeting Robert and seeing his work, which only inspired me more....shot 6am canon 50d 24-70 hand held
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Sign of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority on the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel.
The tunnel was designed by Ole Singstad (1882-1969); work on the tunnel began in 1940 and was opened in 1950.
Time's Up Environmental Organization helped start memorializing with stencils and ghost bikes. This, in turn, put pressure on the city to redesign a lot of the streets, especially around bridges and tunnels which were especially dangerous. This campaign spread nationally.
Views from the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel during the remnants of Tropical Storm Karen. (October 2013)
"Train Track"
This is probably Edward's favourite toy. He will often just get a few pieces out and run some trains along a track. He was up at 5.30am this morning (therefore, so was I.....) and we were both really niggly with each other this afternoon. He was whingey and whiney and my patience wore thin at about 9am so it wasn't a great combination. Anyways, I decided to sit down with him and make a big track and it kept him quiet for ages. This is literally about a quarter of the bridges and tunnels that we have and I used about a tenth of the track that it's in the box. I promised him we'd try and use it all next week. I may live to regret that promise!
Some bridge and tunnel ruins i found in South Pittsburg, Tennessee a couple weekends ago. These photos were taken using my old Canon PowerShot G2.
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The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel / Heading East / Bridge View / Approaching Elevated Bridge Section / Small Craft Pass-Through