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Down to a 50mm ring (very tight!) and a metal cage

Standing outside the tramshed at Beamish Museum is their latest addition to the tramway fleet, Porto works car No.65. It is seen here beside one of the museum's hard working trams, Sunderland No.16.

 

Porto (Portugal) works car No.65 has recently arrived at Beamish Museum where it is planned to carry out the necessary work to re-commission it and return it to active service. Although almost complete there is a significant amount of work required on this car, so it may be some time before it makes a public appearance in operational condition.

 

The car was built in 1933 for the Public Transport Company of Porto and was originally used for the transportation of coal. The company disposed of this car in 2005 and it was brought to the National Tramway Museum in Crich (UK) where it was intended for use as a works car. It has remained in off-site storage at Crich since that time and a recent decision by Crich management has resulted in it's permanent transfer to Beamish.

 

Before transfer the car made it's one and only appearance at Crich on 10 September 2016.

 

Copyright © 2016 Terry Pinnegar Photography. All Rights Reserved. THIS IMAGE IS NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT MY EXPRESS PERMISSION!

Greenhouse addition 6/08

©2017 Angela Weirauch Photography

Visit Angela Weirauch Photography on my website or facebook page. I am a portrait and lifestyle photographer based out of Pearland, Texas.

 

entered this at a local lego contest so these photos are from there

Although his uniform is a more recent addition, this Joe is from about 1970. He was part of the Action Team series and yes, he is missing his beard. He dated Barbie off and on thru the 70's and Barbie was not fond of facial hair ;-) (That and it was against regulations so it had to go. I was such a realist even back then.) Anyway, I shot this in the natural light of my bathroom with a long lens. It's tonemapped, converted to black and white, and photoshop elemented to death ;-)

 

(Thanks to the 'G' family who thought my old Joe needed new duds.)

In addition to the newly acquired 64 plate Citaros, three ex-Rainbow 1 Scanias make the service every 20 minutes, as part of a trial to see if the service is warranted. If the 20 minute frequency proves to be successful, more Citaros are expected to be ordered, with 649-51 no doubt swapping to Skylink Nottingham.

 

649 is seen running round the Bus Station ready to take up its' next trip back to Leicester via East Midlands International Airport and Loughborough.

Lothian 362 seen shortly after arrival in its new home in Yorkshire

In the last addition to my "Dragonfly" series, we find our friend hanging out in the daylilys. When asked why he was there, he responded, "I like orange".

 

www.christianstepien.com | www.dagobahproject.com

Markthal, Rotterdam

  

The Market Hall in Rotterdam is situated between Binnenrotte , Hoogstraat and Blaak . [3] It is a residential and commercial building with indoor market hall . The opening took place on October 1, 2014 by Queen Máxima . In addition to an indoor market, the complex houses 228 apartments , 4,600 m² of retail space , 1600 m² hospitality and parking for more than a thousand cars. [1]

  

Architecture [ edit ]

 

The Market Hall was designed by architects MVRDV . The gray stone building has an arch shape as a horseshoe . It has both faces a glass façade. The laminated glass panels, most of which are square and 1 485 millimeters wide, are hung in a cable net facade of 34 meters high and 42 meters wide, which thus is the largest in Europe. Each façade has 26 vertical and 22 horizontal lines. [4

  

Artwork [ edit ]

 

The inner facade of the Market Hall is lined with a 11,000 m2 (two football fields) great artwork of Arno Coenen , entitled Cornucopia. This title refers to the Cornucopia , a horn from the Latin mythology that symbolizes abundance and saturation. [5] The artwork shows highly magnified fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, flowers and insects. In the background is the tower of the Laurens church to see. The artist tried with his piece "that childlike sense of wonder you had when you used to Erik and Insects Book [sic] read or Alice in Wonderland "recall. [6] According to the atheistic Coenen is his work "a worship of Nature, an ode to the universe, "which he calls" just as impressive and divine "as the story of creation . [6]

 

Artwork Coenen was selected from nine international candidates. [7] For the production of the animation uses digital 3D techniques. To render the huge file of 1.47 terabyte servers were used which are also used for the films of Pixar Studios . [6] The digital animation was divided into blocks and printed on perforated steel, 4,000 panels. [5]

 

In 2014 international media attention arose before. [8] [9] [10] Some publications called it the greatest work of art in the world "(a claim that is probably not true) [10] or "the Sistine Chapel of Rotterdam '. Arno Coenen has realized work in collaboration with a team of six specialists. [10]

  

nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markthal_(Rotterdam)

  

translate.google.com/translate?sl=nl&tl=en&js=y&a...

Dions recently purchased a new Volvo B7RLE Bustech VST. This bus was purchased to help out with the additional services added to the timetable for increased buses. It is seen here doing a route 4 to Bulli and East Woonona. Dions have a Volgren Endura on order which has arrived.

Some shots of the latest addition to my ever growing camera collection: An Olympus Pen FV half-frame SLR camera.

 

The Pen FV was the last of the 3 Olympus Pen F models and by far the rarest. It had no meter just like the original Pen F (and unlink the Pen FT which had TTL light metering), but it included all the other minor improvements introduced by the Pen FT such as a single stroke film advance and a self-timer.

 

The Pen FT use a semi-silvered mirror to direct 20% of the light that fell on it to the meter cell which sat behind the mirror. This made the viewfinder a bit dimmer than the original Pen F. Becuase the Pen FV shares the Pen F's lack of metering it also shares the Pen F's slight brighter viewfinder. But it has to be said the difference in brightness betwen the Pen FT and the Pen F/FV viewfinder is minimal.

 

My Pen FV came with the rather rare 38mm f/2.8 standard lens, here show attached to my Pen F. Mention the 38mm f/2.8 lens to most Pen F collectors and they'll immediately think of the tiny and lovely pancake lens, shown here attached to my new Pen FV. But there was an earlier 38mm f2.8 lens that was only made for the first couple of years of the Pen F system. It was a budget priced lens with a simple 4 element construction. It was designed for those who wanted to get into the Pen F system at the lowest possible cost.

 

But because it was only produced for the first year or two of Pen F production it is actually one of the rarest Pen F lenses... so while it might not be of much interest to users, it is a rather nice find for a geeky collector like me!!

Crappy lighting is crappy. Vectors are olive/brown, tan swirl, and brown. Thanks Codey!

I picked up a Mamiya 645E last week. This was a great find - body, 45mm f/2.8, 80mm f/2.8, and 105-210mm f/4.5. Everything's in great shape and all the lenses even came with B+W UV filters so that was a nice little bonus. I'm almost done shooting my first "test" roll with it to make sure everything is in fact working correctly, and to get a feel for the lenses and operations.

 

This was shot on a Polaroid Spectra using expired film.

Angry Birds Space and Helmet Piggy

Believe it or not, I had not visited St Augustine's before. Not through want of trying, I had followed the signs from the city centre several times, but they peter out. However, a few months ago, we parked in a different place so I could visit a camera shop, and there was the entrance.

 

So, a few weeks back, after visiting the Cathedral, we headed to the Abbey. I really did not know what to expect, I have been to other ruined abbeys, but this is on a grander scale than all the others, and it seemed to me, the destruction more complete.

 

But it was here, in Canterbury, that St Augustine set up his mission, built his church and, in time, was buried.

 

Looking at the site now, and with the cathedral so close, Canterbury was little else other than church.

 

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St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Canterbury, Kent, England.[2] The abbey was founded in 598 and functioned as a monastery until its dissolution in 1538 during the English Reformation. After the abbey's dissolution, it underwent dismantlement until 1848. Since 1848, part of the site has been used for educational purposes and the abbey ruins have been preserved for their historical value.

 

In 597, Augustine arrived in Anglo-Saxon England, having been sent by the missionary-minded Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons.[4] The King of Kent at this time was Æthelberht or Ethelbert. Although he worshipped in a pagan temple just outside the walls of Canterbury to the east of the city, Ethelbert was married to a Christian, Bertha. According to tradition, the king not only gave his temple and its precincts to St Augustine for a church and monastery,[4] he also ordered that the church to be erected be of "becoming splendour, dedicated to the blessed apostles Peter and Paul, and endowed it with a variety of gifts." One purpose of the foundation was to provide a residence for Augustine and his brother monks. As another, both King Ethelbert and Augustine foresaw the abbey as a burial place for abbots, archbishops, and kings of Kent.[5]

 

William Thorne, the 14th century chronicler of the abbey, records 598 as the year of the foundation.[5] The monastic buildings were most likely wooden in the manner of Saxon construction, so they could be quickly built. However, building a church of solid masonry, like the churches Augustine had known in Rome, took longer.[6] The church was completed and consecrated in 613. Ca. 624 a short distance to the east, Eadbald, son and successor of Ethelbert, founded a second church, dedicated to Saint Mary which also buried Kentish royalty.[7] The abbey became known as St Augustine's after the founder's death.[8]

 

For two centuries after its founding, St Augustine's was the only important religious house in the kingdom of Kent.[9] The historian G. F. Maclear characterized St Augustine's as being a "missionary school" where "classical knowledge and English learning flourished."[10] Over time, St Augustine's Abbey acquired an extensive library that included both religious and secular holdings. In addition, it had a scriptorium for producing manuscripts.

 

Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury from 959 to 988, influenced a reorganisation of the abbey to conform to Benedictine rule. Buildings were enlarged and the church rebuilt. Dunstan also revised the dedication of the abbey, from the original Saints Peter and Paul, by adding Saint Augustine in 978.[12] Since then, the abbey has been known as St Augustine's.

 

The invading Danes not only spared St Augustine's, but in 1027 King Cnut made over all the possessions of Minster-in-Thanet to St Augustine's. These possessions included the preserved body of Saint Mildred. Belief in the miraculous power of this relic had spread throughout Europe, and it brought many pilgrims to St Augustine's, whose gifts enriched the abbey.

 

Following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, William the Conqueror confiscated landed estates, but he respected Church property.[15] At St Augustine's Abbey, the Anglo-Saxon buildings were completely reconstructed in the form of a typical Norman Benedictine monastery.[8] By 1100, all the original buildings had disappeared under a Romanesque edifice. There was further rebuilding as a result of the great fire in 1168.[16] The fire's destruction accounts for the paucity of historical records for the preceding period.[17]

 

From about 1250 onwards was a period of wealth in which "building succeeded building."[18] Boggis' history calls this period a time of "worldly magnificence," marked by "lavish expenditures" on new buildings, royal visits, and banquets with thousands of guests. In addition, the papacy imposed many levies on the abbey. The large debt that was incurred by these expenditures might have swamped the abbey had it not been for generous benefactors who came to the rescue.[19]

 

The cloister, frater (refectory) and kitchen were totally rebuilt. A new abbot's lodging and a great hall were added. In the early 14th century, land was acquired for a cellarer's range (living and working quarters for the cellarer who was responsible for provisioning the abbey's cellarium), a brewhouse, a bakehouse, and a new walled vineyard. A Lady chapel was built to the east of the church.

 

The abbey gatehouse was rebuilt from 1301 to 1309 by Abbot Fyndon. It has since been known as the Fyndon Gate or the Great Gate. The chamber above the entrance was the state bed-chamber of the Monastery. In 1625, Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria slept in this chamber, following their marriage in Canterbury Cathedral.[20] In 1660, after the Restoration, Charles II and his brothers, the Dukes of York and Gloucester, stayed in the gatehouse on their way to London.[21]

 

Fyndon's gate suffered such damage by German bombs during the Second World War that it had to be rebuilt.[20] The gate faces a small square known since the reign of Charles I as Lady Wootton's Green."[21] Statues of Æthelberht of Kent and Queen Bertha stand on the green.

 

Boggis describes the early 16th century leading up to the Dissolution of the Monasteries as "days of decadence". Although the abbey owned estates throughout Kent amounting to 19,862 acres, Boggis holds that "historical evidence proves conclusively that even if Henry VIII. had never dissolved them, the English monasteries were already doomed." The "extortionate exactions" of the Papacy would lead to bankruptcy.[22]

 

However, the English Reformation accompanied by the Dissolution of the Monasteries happened before bankruptcy. The Reformation replaced the Pope (a cleric) with a Monarch (a layman). Actions by the Parliament's House of Commons strengthened the power of the laity versus the power of the clergy. These actions were part of the English Reformation’s "great transfer" of power, both economic and religious, from Ecclesiastical to Secular authorities.[23]

 

As part of the "great transfer," Parliament gave King Henry VIII authority to dissolve the monasteries and confiscate the property for the Crown. The rationale given was "that the religious houses had ceased to apply their property to the specific religious uses for which it was originally given."[15]

 

On 30 July 1538, the King's Commissioners arrived to take the surrender of St Augustine's Abbey. The last abbot and monks complied and left the abbey. The abbey, with its site, its goods, buildings, lands and all other possessions, became the property of the Crown. This dissolution ended over 940 years of monastic presence.

 

During the rest of Henry's reign, St Augustine's Abbey was held by the Crown with some of its buildings converted into a royal residence. However, in other parts of the abbey dismantling and sale of material began in 1541.[25] Some of the stone was used in the fortifications of the Pale of Calais, but more of it was sold locally. The library, containing two thousand manuscripts, was destroyed and the treasure plundered.[26]

 

The royal residence was used occasionally by the royal family as late as the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during which the buildings were leased to a succession of noblemen.[25][26] In 1558, Elizabeth leased the palace to Henry Lord Cobham. During Lord Cobham’s possession, the Queen kept her court here while on one of her royal progresses.[27] Lord Cobham was a resident of Kent who had served her faithfully as a diplomat and parliamentarian.[28] On the attainder of Lord Cobham for treason in 1603 under the reign of James I, the residence was granted to Robert Cecil, Lord Essenden.[27]

 

After Cecil died in 1612, the residence passed to Edward, Lord Wootton of Marley (sometimes spelled "Wotton").[29] Lord Wootton employed John Tradescant the elder to lay out formal gardens. Wootton died in 1626, but Lady Wootton lived on in her palace until her death in 1658. The open space before the gateway is still known as Lady Wootton's Green.[30]

 

Sir Edward Hales (1626–1684) took possession of the property after Lady Wooton’s death, to be followed by his son Sir Edward Hales (1645–1695). Rather than conserving the property, these new owners dismantled the buildings and carried used stones to build a new house at Hales Place.[29]

 

From then on until 1844, the desolation continued until it had engulfed the church, cloister, kitchen and refectory.[31] Other parts of the site suffered degradation. From 1770 to 1844, the Alfred Beer & Company brewery operated within the abbey precincts.[32] In 1804, a portion of the site was divided into lots and sold. The Great Court was used as a bowling green and skittle ground. Ethelbert's Tower, the remaining tower of the Norman abbey, was taken down in 1822.[26] Robert Ewell, in his Guide to St. Augustine’s Monastery and Missionary College wrote that in the first half of the 19th century, the abbey "reached its lowest point of degradation".

 

The condition of the abbey did not go unnoticed. In 1844 a rich young landowner, member of parliament, and generous churchman, Alexander James Beresford Hope, visited the ruins, found them deplorable, and bought them. Inspired by the missionary zeal of the Reverend Edward Coleridge, Hope and other donors gave additional money to restore and construct buildings for the establishment of a college to train young men as missionaries in the British colonies.[26] They envisioned a dual purpose for the college: (a) to educate missionaries and (b) to excavate and preserve the abbey remains.[33] St Augustine's Missionary College remained in existence until 1947.[34] However, on the night of 31 May 1942, its buildings were so badly damaged by a German blitz that the College ceased operations.[35]

  

English Heritage entrance on Longport to St Augustine's Abbey ruins[1]

From 1952 to 1967, the Missionary College buildings were used as The Central College of the Anglican Communion.[36]

 

Since 1976, the college buildings (plus some new ones) have been used by the King's School, Canterbury, for boarding houses and the School Library. This part of the St Augustine's Abbey site was purchased by the School in 1994.[37]

 

The ruins of the abbey are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site[38] in the care of English Heritage.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey

Latest addition.. a premium tsundere.

Comfort Market

2800 Rio Linda Blvd

Sacramento, California

 

I believe the Comfort Market was originally built as an addition in front of a bungalow facing the boulevard, and the 2-story part of that house was added for more residential space in the back when the market expanded into the footprint of the original bungalow. Just a guess.

Today. You may have noticed that today's shot is very similar to yesterday's. In addition to wanting to put Lawrence in the spotlight of project 365, I set up this series of 15 so that I had pictures to post while I was traveling. I just got back from a long road trip to Canada - more about this tomorrow - and having the Lawrence pics to post while I was gone allowed me to continue project 365 from the road without having to produce new photos. So, while on the road, I sort of screwed up and left two very similar shots for the last two days. Although these shots are similar in subject, I believe they tell different stories, what are your thoughts?

 

Here is a recap of my Lawrence University subseries, entitled "The Difference".

 

320/365 - The Difference Part 1

321/365 - The Difference Part 2

322/365 - The Difference Part 3

323/365 - The Difference Part 4

324/365 - The Difference Part 5

325/365 - The Difference Part 6

326/365 - The Difference Part 7

327/365 - The Difference Part 8

328/365 - The Difference Part 9

329/365 - The Difference Part 10

330/365 - The Difference Part 11

331/365 - The Difference Part 12

332/365 - The Difference Part 13

333/365 - The Difference Part 14

 

Also, here are some bonus Lawrence shots from earlier on in project 365:

95/365

96/365

97/365

98/365

101/365

104/365

105/365

 

From the photoblog at www.shutterrunner.com.

 

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Picture taken 1983 - digitally captured from paper print

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The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are the two exclusively Asian species of extant great apes. Native to Indonesia and Malaysia, orangutans are currently found in only the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutans were considered to be one species. Since 1996, they have been divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus) and the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii). In addition, the Bornean species is divided into three subspecies.

 

Based on genome sequencing, the two extant orangutan species evidently diverged around 400,000 years ago. The orangutans are also the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae, which also included several other species, such as the three extinct species of the genus Gigantopithecus, including the largest known primate Gigantopithecus blacki. The ancestors of the Ponginae subfamily split from the main ape line in Africa 16 to 19 million years ago (mya) and spread into Asia.

 

Orangutans are the most arboreal of the great apes and spend most of their time in trees. Their hair is typically reddish-brown, instead of the brown or black hair typical of chimpanzees and gorillas. Males and females differ in size and appearance. Dominant adult males have distinctive cheek pads and produce long calls that attract females and intimidate rivals. Younger males do not have these characteristics and resemble adult females. Orangutans are the most solitary of the great apes, with social bonds occurring primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring, who stay together for the first two years. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet; however, the apes will also eat vegetation, bark, honey, insects and even bird eggs. They can live over 30 years in both the wild and captivity.

 

Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates; they use a variety of sophisticated tools and construct elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. The apes have been extensively studied for their learning abilities. There may even be distinctive cultures within populations. Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas. Both orangutan species are considered to be endangered, with the Sumatran orangutan being critically endangered. Human activities have caused severe declines in the populations and ranges of both species. Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching, habitat destruction, and the illegal pet trade. Several conservation and rehabilitation organisations are dedicated to the survival of orangutans in the wild.

 

ETYMOLOGY

The name "orangutan" (also written orang-utan, orang utan, orangutang, and ourang-outang) is derived from the Malay and Indonesian words orang meaning "person" and hutan meaning "forest", thus "person of the forest". Orang Hutan was originally not used to refer to apes, but to forest-dwelling humans.

 

The Malay words used to refer specifically to the ape are maias and mawas, but it is unclear if those words refer to just orangutans, or to all apes in general. The first attestation of the word to name the Asian ape is in Dutch physician Jacobus Bontius' 1631 Historiae naturalis et medicae Indiae orientalis – he reported that Malays had informed him the ape was able to talk, but preferred not to "lest he be compelled to labour". The word appeared in several German-language descriptions of Indonesian zoology in the 17th century. The likely origin of the word comes specifically from the Banjarese variety of Malay.

 

Cribb et al. (2014) suggest that Bontius' account referred not to apes (which were not known from Java) but rather to humans suffering some serious medical condition (most likely endemic cretinism) and that his use of the word was misunderstood by Nicolaes Tulp, who was the first to use the term in a publication.

 

The word was first attested in English in 1691 in the form orang-outang, and variants with -ng instead of -n as in the Malay original are found in many languages. This spelling (and pronunciation) has remained in use in English up to the present, but has come to be regarded as incorrect. The loss of "h" in Utan and the shift from n to -ng has been taken to suggest that the term entered English through Portuguese. In 1869, British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, co-creator of modern evolutionary theory, published his account of Malaysia's wildlife: The Malay Archipelago: The Land of the Orang-Utan and the Bird of Paradise.

 

The name of the genus, Pongo, comes from a 16th-century account by Andrew Battell, an English sailor held prisoner by the Portuguese in Angola, which describes two anthropoid "monsters" named Pongo and Engeco. He is now believed to have been describing gorillas, but in the 18th century, the terms orangutan and pongo were used for all great apes. Lacépède used the term Pongo for the genus following the German botanist Friedrich von Wurmb who sent a skeleton from the Indies to Europe.

 

TAXONOMY, PHYLOGENY AND GENETICS

The two orangutan species are the only extant members of the subfamily Ponginae. This subfamily also included the extinct genera Lufengpithecus, which lived in southern China and Thailand 2–8 mya, and Sivapithecus, which lived India and Pakistan from 12.5 mya until 8.5 mya. These apes likely lived in drier and cooler environments than orangutans do today. Khoratpithecus piriyai, which lived in Thailand 5–7 mya, is believed to have been the closest known relative of the orangutans. The largest known primate, Gigantopithecus, was also a member of Ponginae and lived in China, India and Vietnam from 5 mya to 100,000 years ago.

 

Within apes (superfamily Hominoidea), the gibbons diverged during the early Miocene (between 19.7 and 24.1 mya, according to molecular evidence) and the orangutans split from the African great ape lineage between 15.7 and 19.3 mya.

 

HISTORY OF ORANGUTAN TAXONOMY

The orangutan was first described scientifically in the Systema Naturae of Linnaeus as Simia satyrus. The populations on the two islands were classified as subspecies until 1996, when they were elevated to full species status, and the three distinct populations on Borneo were elevated to subspecies. The population currently listed as P. p. wurmbii may be closer to the Sumatran orangutan than the other Bornean orangutan subspecies. If confirmed, abelii would be a subspecies of P. wurmbii (Tiedeman, 1808).

 

Regardless, the type locality of P. pygmaeus has not been established beyond doubts, and may be from the population currently listed as P. wurmbii (in which case P. wurmbii would be a junior synonym of P. pygmaeus, while one of the names currently considered a junior synonym of P. pygmaeus would take precedence for the northwest Bornean taxon). To further confuse, the name P. morio, as well as some suggested junior synonyms, may be junior synonyms of the P. pygmaeus subspecies, thus leaving the east Bornean populations unnamed.

 

In addition, some fossils described under the name P. hooijeri have been found in Vietnam, and multiple fossil subspecies have been described from several parts of southeastern Asia. It is unclear if these belong to P. pygmaeus or

 

P. abelii or, in fact, represent distinct species.

 

GENOMICS

The Sumatran orangutan genome was sequenced in January 2011. Following humans and chimpanzees, the Sumatran orangutan has become the third species of hominid to have its genome sequenced. Subsequently, the Bornean species would have its genome sequenced. Genetic diversity was found to be lower in Bornean orangutans (P. pygmaeus) than in Sumatran ones (P. abelii), despite the fact that Borneo is home to six or seven times as many orangutans as Sumatra.

 

The comparison has shown these two species diverged around 400,000 years ago, more recently than was previously thought. Also, the orangutan genome was found to have evolved much more slowly than chimpanzee and human DNA. Previously, the species was estimated to have diverged 2.9 to 4.9 mya. The researchers hope these data may help conservationists save the endangered ape, and also prove useful in further understanding of human genetic diseases.

 

Bornean orangutans have 48 diploid chromosomes.

 

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

An orangutan has a large, bulky body, a thick neck, very long, strong arms, short, bowed legs, and no tail. It is mostly covered with long, reddish-brown hair and grey-black skin. Sumatran orangutans have more sparse and lighter-coloured coats. The orangutan has a large head with a prominent mouth area. Though largely hairless, their faces can develop some hair in males, giving them a moustache.

 

Adult males have large cheek flaps to show their dominance to other males. The cheek flaps are made mostly of fatty tissue and are supported by the musculature of the face. Mature males' throat pouches allow them to make loud calls. The species display significant sexual dimorphism; females typically stand 115 cm tall and weigh around 37 kg, while flanged adult males stand 136 cm tall and weigh 75 kg. A male orangutan has an arm span of about 2 m.

 

Orangutan hands are similar to human hands; they have four long fingers and an opposable thumb. However, the joint and tendon arrangement in the orangutans' hands produces two adaptations that are significant for arboreal locomotion. The resting configuration of the fingers is curved, creating a suspensory hook grip. Additionally, without the use of the thumb, the fingers and hands can grip tightly around objects with a small diameter by resting the tops of the fingers against the inside of the palm, creating a double-locked grip.

 

Their feet have four long toes and an opposable big toe. Orangutans can grasp things with both their hands and their feet. Their fingers and toes are curved, allowing them to get a better grip on branches. Since their hip joints have the same flexibility as their shoulder and arm joints, orangutans have less restriction in the movements of their legs than humans have. Unlike gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans are not true knuckle-walkers, and are instead fist-walkers.

 

ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR

Orangutans live in primary and old secondary forests, particularly dipterocarp forests and peat swamp forests. Both species can be found in mountainous and lowland swampy areas. Sumatran orangutans live at elevations as high as 1500 m, while Bornean orangutans live no higher than 1000 m. Other habitats used by orangutans include grasslands, cultivated fields, gardens, young secondary forest, and shallow lakes. Orangutans are the most arboreal of the great apes, spending nearly all their time in the trees.Most of the day is spent feeding, resting, and travelling. They start the day feeding for 2–3 hours in the morning. They rest during midday then travel in the late afternoon. When evening arrives, they begin to prepare their nests for the night. Orangutans do not swim, although they have been recorded wading in water. The main predators of orangutans are tigers. Other predators include clouded leopards, wild dogs and crocodiles. The absence of tigers on Borneo may explain why Bornean orangutans can be found on the ground more often than their Sumatran relatives.

 

DIET

Orangutans are opportunistic foragers, and their diets vary markedly from month to month. Fruit makes up 65–90% of the orangutan diet, and those with sugary or fatty pulp are favoured. Ficus fruits are commonly eaten and are easy to harvest and digest. Lowland dipterocarp forests are preferred by orangutans because of their plentiful fruit. Bornean orangutans consume at least 317 different food items that include young leaves, shoots, bark, insects, honey and bird eggs.

 

A decade-long study of urine and faecal samples at the Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Project in West Kalimantan has shown that orangutans give birth during and after the high fruit season (though not every year), during which they consume various abundant fruits, totalling up to 11,000 calories per day. In the low-fruit season, they eat whatever fruit is available in addition to tree bark and leaves, with daily intake at only 2,000 calories. Together with a long lactation period, orangutans also have a long birth interval.

 

Orangutans are thought to be the sole fruit disperser for some plant species including the climber species Strychnos ignatii which contains the toxic alkaloid strychnine. It does not appear to have any effect on orangutans except for excessive saliva production.

 

Geophagy, the practice of eating soil or rock, has been observed in orangutans. There are three main reasons for this dietary behaviour: for the addition of mineral nutrients to their diet; for the ingestion of clay minerals that can absorb toxic substances; or to treat a disorder such as diarrhoea. Orangutans also use plants of the genus Commelina as an anti-inflammatory balm.

 

SOCIAL LIFE

Orangutans live a more solitary lifestyle than the other great apes. Most social bonds occur between adult females and their dependent and weaned offspring. Adult males and independent adolescents of both sexes tend to live alone. Orangutan societies are made up of resident and transient individuals of both sexes. Resident females live with their offspring in defined home ranges that overlap with those of other adult females, which may be their immediate relatives. One to several resident female home ranges are encompassed within the home range of a resident male, who is their main mating partner.

 

Transient males and females move widely. Orangutans usually travel alone, but they may travel in small groups in their subadult years. However, this behaviour ends at adulthood. The social structure of the orangutan can be best described as solitary but social. Interactions between adult females range from friendly to avoidance to antagonistic. Resident males may have overlapping ranges and interactions between them tend to be hostile.

 

During dispersal, females tend to settle in home ranges that overlap with their mothers. However, they do not seem to have any special social bonds with them. Males disperse much farther from their mothers and enter into a transient phase. This phase lasts until a male can challenge and displace a dominant, resident male from his home range. Adult males dominate sub-adult males.

 

Both resident and transient orangutans aggregate on large fruiting trees to feed. The fruits tend to be abundant, so competition is low and individuals may engage in social interactions. Orangutans will also form travelling groups with members moving between different food sources. These groups tend to be made of only a few individuals. They also tend to be consortships between an adult male and female.

 

COMMUNICATION

Orangutans communicate with various sounds. Males will make long calls, both to attract females and advertise themselves to other males. Both sexes will try to intimidate conspecifics with a series of low guttural noises known collectively as the "rolling call". When annoyed, an orangutan will suck in air through pursed lips, making a kissing sound that is hence known as the "kiss squeak". Infants make soft hoots when distressed. Orangutans are also known to blow raspberries.

 

NESTING

Orangutans build nests specialized for both day or night use. These are carefully constructed; young orangutans learn from observing their mother's nest-building behaviour. In fact, nest-building is a leading cause in young orangutans leaving their mother for the first time. From six months of age onwards, orangutans practice nest-building and gain proficiency by the time they are three years old.

 

Construction of a night nest is done by following a sequence of steps. Initially, a suitable tree is located, orangutans being selective about sites though many tree species are used. The nest is then built by pulling together branches under them and joining them at a point. After the foundation has been built, the orangutan bends smaller, leafy branches onto the foundation; this serves the purpose of and is termed the "mattress". After this, orangutans stand and braid the tips of branches into the mattress. Doing this increases the stability of the nest and forms the final act of nest-building. In addition, orangutans may add additional features, such as "pillows", "blankets", "roofs" and "bunk-beds" to their nests.

 

REPRODUCTION AND PARENTING

Males mature at around 15 years of age, by which time they have fully descended testicles and can reproduce. However, they exhibit arrested development by not developing the distinctive cheek pads, pronounced throat pouches, long fur, or long-calls until they are between 15 and 20 years old. The development of these characteristics depends largely on the absence of a resident male.

 

Males without them are known as unflanged males in contrast to the more developed flanged males. The transformation from unflanged to flanged can occur very quickly. Unflanged and flanged males have two different mating strategies. Flanged males attract oestrous females with their characteristic long calls. Those calls may also suppress development in younger males. Unflanged males wander widely in search of oestrous females and upon finding one, will force copulation on her. While both strategies are successful, females prefer to mate with flanged males and seek their company for protection against unflanged males. Resident males may form consortships with females that can last days, weeks or months after copulation.

 

Female orangutans experience their first ovulatory cycle around 5.8–11.1 years. These occur earlier in females with more body fat. Like other great apes, female orangutans enter a period of infertility during adolescence which may last for 1–4 years. Female orangutans also have a 22– to 30-day menstrual cycle. Gestation lasts for 9 months, with females giving birth to their first offspring between the ages of 14 and 15 years.

 

Female orangutans have eight-year intervals between births, the longest interbirth intervals among the great apes. Unlike many other primates, male orangutans do not seem to practice infanticide. This may be because they cannot ensure they will sire a female's next offspring because she does not immediately begin ovulating again after her infant dies.

 

Male orangutans play almost no role in raising the young. Females do most of the caring and socializing of the young. A female often has an older offspring with her to help in socializing the infant. Infant orangutans are completely dependent on their mothers for the first two years of their lives. The mother will carry the infant during travelling, as well as feed it and sleep with it in the same night nest. For the first four months, the infant is carried on its belly and never relieves physical contact. In the following months, the time an infant spends with its mother decreases.

 

When an orangutan reaches the age of two, its climbing skills improve and it will travel through the canopy holding hands with other orangutans, a behaviour known as "buddy travel". Orangutans are juveniles from about two to five years of age and will start to temporarily move away from their mothers. Juveniles are usually weaned at about four years of age. Adolescent orangutans will socialize with their peers while still having contact with their mothers. Typically, orangutans live over 30 years in both the wild and captivity.

 

INTELLIGENCE

Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates. Experiments suggest they can figure out some invisible displacement problems with a representational strategy. In addition, Zoo Atlanta has a touch-screen computer where their two Sumatran orangutans play games. Scientists hope the data they collect will help researchers learn about socialising patterns, such as whether the apes learn behaviours through trial and error or by mimicry, and point to new conservation strategies.

 

A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans can use "calculated reciprocity", which involves weighing the costs and benefits of gift exchanges and keeping track of these over time. Orangutans are the first nonhuman species documented to do so. Orangutans are very technically adept nest builders, making a new nest each evening in only in 5 to 6 minutes and choosing branches which they know can support their body weight.

 

TOOL USE AND CULTURE

Tool use in orangutans was observed by primatologist Birutė Galdikas in ex-captive populations. In addition, evidence of sophisticated tool manufacture and use in the wild was reported from a population of orangutans in Suaq Balimbing (Pongo abelii) in 1996. These orangutans developed a tool kit for use in foraging that consisted of both insect-extraction tools for use in the hollows of trees and seed-extraction tools for harvesting seeds from hard-husked fruit. The orangutans adjusted their tools according to the nature of the task at hand, and preference was given to oral tool use. This preference was also found in an experimental study of captive orangutans (P. pygmaeus).

 

Primatologist Carel P. van Schaik and biological anthropologist Cheryl D. Knott further investigated tool use in different wild orangutan populations. They compared geographic variations in tool use related to the processing of Neesia fruit. The orangutans of Suaq Balimbing (P. abelii) were found to be avid users of insect and seed-extraction tools when compared to other wild orangutans. The scientists suggested these differences are cultural. The orangutans at Suaq Balimbing live in dense groups and are socially tolerant; this creates good conditions for social transmission. Further evidence that highly social orangutans are more likely to exhibit cultural behaviours came from a study of leaf-carrying behaviours of ex-captive orangutans that were being rehabilitated on the island of Kaja in Borneo.

 

Wild orangutans (P. pygmaeus wurmbii) in Tuanan, Borneo, were reported to use tools in acoustic communication. They use leaves to amplify the kiss squeak sounds they produce. The apes may employ this method of amplification to deceive the listener into believing they are larger animals.

 

In 2003, researchers from six different orangutan field sites who used the same behavioural coding scheme compared the behaviours of the animals from the different sites. They found the different orangutan populations behaved differently. The evidence suggested the differences were cultural: first, the extent of the differences increased with distance, suggesting cultural diffusion was occurring, and second, the size of the orangutans' cultural repertoire increased according to the amount of social contact present within the group. Social contact facilitates cultural transmission.

 

POSSIBLE LINGUISTIC CAPABILITIES

A study of orangutan symbolic capability was conducted from 1973 to 1975 by zoologist Gary L. Shapiro with Aazk, a juvenile female orangutan at the Fresno City Zoo (now Chaffee Zoo) in Fresno, California. The study employed the techniques of psychologist David Premack, who used plastic tokens to teach linguistic skills to the chimpanzee, Sarah. Shapiro continued to examine the linguistic and learning abilities of ex-captive orangutans in Tanjung Puting National Park, in Indonesian Borneo, between 1978 and 1980.

 

During that time, Shapiro instructed ex-captive orangutans in the acquisition and use of signs following the techniques of psychologists R. Allen Gardner and Beatrix Gardner, who taught the chimpanzee, Washoe, in the late 1960s. In the only signing study ever conducted in a great ape's natural environment, Shapiro home-reared Princess, a juvenile female, which learned nearly 40 signs (according to the criteria of sign acquisition used by psychologist Francine Patterson with Koko, the gorilla) and trained Rinnie, a free-ranging adult female orangutan, which learned nearly 30 signs over a two-year period. For his dissertation study, Shapiro examined the factors influencing sign learning by four juvenile orangutans over a 15-month period.

 

ORANGUTANS AND HUMANS

Orangutans were known to the native people of Sumatra and Borneo for millennia. While some communities hunted them for food and decoration, others placed taboos on such practices. In central Borneo, some traditional folk beliefs consider it bad luck to look in the face of an orangutan. Some folk tales involve orangutans mating with and kidnapping humans. There are even stories of hunters being seduced by female orangutans.

 

Europeans became aware of the existence of the orangutan possibly as early as the 17th century. European explorers in Borneo hunted them extensively during the 19th century. The first accurate description of orangutans was given by Dutch anatomist Petrus Camper, who observed the animals and dissected some specimens.

 

Little was known about their behaviour until the field studies of Birutė Galdikas, who became a leading authority on the apes. When she arrived in Borneo, Galdikas settled into a primitive bark and thatch hut, at a site she dubbed Camp Leakey, near the edge of the Java Sea. Despite numerous hardships, she remained there for over 30 years and became an outspoken advocate for orangutans and the preservation of their rainforest habitat, which is rapidly being devastated by loggers, palm oil plantations, gold miners, and unnatural forest fires.

 

Galdikas's conservation efforts have extended well beyond advocacy, largely focusing on rehabilitation of the many orphaned orangutans turned over to her for care. Galdikas is considered to be one of Leakey's Angels, along with Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey. According to the World Wildlife Fund, half of the habitat of the Bornean orangutan has been lost since 1994.

 

A persistent folktale on Sumatra and Borneo and in popular culture, is that male orangutans display sexual attraction to human women, and may even forcibly copulate with them. The only serious, but anecdotal, report of such an incident taking place, is primatologist Birutė Galdikas' report that her cook was sexually assaulted by a male orangutan. This orangutan, though, was raised in captivity and may have suffered from a skewed species identity, and forced copulation is a standard mating strategy for low-ranking male orangutans.

 

A female orangutan was rescued from a village brothel in Kareng Pangi village, Central Kalimantan, in 2003. The orangutan was shaved and chained for sexual purposes. Since being freed, the orangutan, named Pony, has been living with the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. She has been re-socialised to live with other orang-utans.

 

LEGAL STATUS

In December 2014, Argentina became the first country to recognize a non-human primate as having legal rights when it ruled that an orangutan named Sandra at the Buenos Aires Zoo must be moved to a sanctuary in Brazil in order to provide her "partial or controlled freedom". Although animal rights groups interpreted the ruling as applicable to all species in captivity, legal specialists considered the ruling only applicable to hominid apes due to their genetic similarities to humans.

 

CONSERVATION

CONSERVATION STATUS

The Sumatran and Bornean species are both critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List of mammals, and both are listed on Appendix I of CITES.

 

The Bornean orangutan population declined by 60% in the past 60 years and is projected to decline by 82% over 75 years. Its range has become patchy throughout Borneo, being largely extirpated from various parts of the island, including the southeast. The largest remaining population is found in the forest around the Sabangau River, but this environment is at risk.

 

Sumatran orangutan populations declined by 80% in 75 years. This species is now found only in the northern part of Sumatra, with most of the population inhabiting the Leuser Ecosystem. In late March 2012, some of the last Sumatran orangutans in northern Sumatra were reported to be threatened with approaching forest fires and might be wiped out entirely within a matter of weeks.

 

Estimates between 2000 and 2003 found 7,300 Sumatran orangutans and between 45,000 and 69,000 Bornean orangutans remain in the wild. A 2007 study by the Government of Indonesia noted a total wild population of 61,234 orangutans, 54,567 of which were found on the island of Borneo in 2004.

 

During the early 2000s, orangutan habitat has decreased rapidly due to logging and forest fires, as well as fragmentation by roads. A major factor in that period of time has been the conversion of vast areas of tropical forest to palm oil plantations in response to international demand. Palm oil is used for cooking, cosmetics, mechanics, and biodiesel. Hunting is also a major problem as is the illegal pet trade.

 

Orangutans may be killed for the bushmeat trade, crop protection, or for use for traditional medicine. Orangutan bones are secretly traded in souvenir shops in several cities in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mother orangutans are killed so their infants can be sold as pets, and many of these infants die without the help of their mother. Since 2004, several pet orangutans were confiscated by local authorities and sent to rehabilitation centres.

 

CONSERVATION CENTRES AND ORGANISATIONS

A number of organisations are working for the rescue, rehabilitation and reintroduction of orangutans. The largest of these is the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, founded by conservationist Willie Smits. It is audited by a multinational auditor company and operates a number of large projects, such as the Nyaru Menteng Rehabilitation Program founded by conservationist Lone Drøscher Nielsen.

 

Other major conservation centres in Indonesia include those at Tanjung Puting National Park and Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan, Kutai in East Kalimantan, Gunung Palung National Park in West Kalimantan, and Bukit Lawang in the Gunung Leuser National Park on the border of Aceh and North Sumatra. In Malaysia, conservation areas include Semenggoh Wildlife Centre in Sarawak and Matang Wildlife Centre also in Sarawak, and the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary near Sandakan in Sabah. Major conservation centres that are headquartered outside of the orangutan's home countries; include Frankfurt Zoological Society, Orangutan Foundation International, which was founded by Birutė Galdikas, and the Australian Orangutan Project.

 

Conservation organisations such as Orangutan Land Trust work with the palm oil industry to improve sustainability and encourages the industry to establish conservation areas for orangutans. It works to bring different stakeholders together to achieve conservation of the species and its habitat.

 

WIKIPEDIA

Sharon showcasing some new additions to the Adam and Eve wardrobe

1949, 10. Okt. 75 Jahre Weltpostverein UPU Postreiter und Flugzeug Michel 198 2675 M

The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration (CA), the Postal Operations Council (POC) and the International Bureau (IB). It also oversees two cooperatives including the Telematics and EMS Cooperatives respectively. Each member agrees to the same terms for conducting international postal duties. The UPU’s headquarters are located in Bern, Switzerland.

French is the official language of the UPU. English was added as a working language in 1994. The majority of the UPU's documents and publications – including its flagship magazine, Union Postale - are available in the United Nations' official languages.

Prior to the establishment of the UPU, each country had to prepare a separate postal treaty with other nations it wished to carry international mail to or from. In some cases, senders would have to calculate postage for each leg of a journey, and potentially find mail forwarders in a third country if there was no direct delivery. To simplify the complexity of this system, the United States called for an International Postal Congress in 1863. This led Heinrich von Stephan, Royal Prussian and later German Minister for Posts, to found the Universal Postal Union. It is currently the third oldest international organization after the Rhine Commission and the ITU. The UPU was created in 1874, initially under the name "General Postal Union", as a result of the Treaty of Bern signed on October 9, 1874. Four years later, the name was changed to "Universal Postal Union."

The UPU established that:

There should be a uniform flat rate to mail a letter anywhere in the world

Postal authorities should give equal treatment to foreign and domestic mail

Each country should retain all money it has collected for international postage.

One of the most important results of the UPU Treaty was that it ceased to be necessary, as it often had been previously, to affix the stamps of any country through which one's letter or package would pass in transit. The UPU provides that stamps of member nations are accepted for the entire international route. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the UPU issued rules concerning stamp design, intended to ensure maximum efficiency in handling international mail. One rule specified that stamp values be given in numerals (denominations spelled out in letters not being universally comprehensible), another, that member nations all use the same colors on their stamps issued for post cards (green), normal letters (red) and international mail (blue), a system that remained in use for several decades.

After the foundation of the United Nations, the UPU became a specialized agency of the UN in 1948. In 1969, the UPU introduced a new system of payment where fees were payable between countries according to the difference in the total weight of mail between them. These fees were called terminal dues. Ultimately, this new system was fairer when traffic was heavier in one direction than the other. As a matter of example, in 2012, terminal dues for transit from China to the USA was 0.635 SDR/kg, or about 1 USD/kg.

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colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/138772-%E2%80%ADOutback_Mail_...

Additions: water + coffee beans = coffee.

 

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See the "Performing Martha Graham at Eugene Lang College" video

 

Performing Martha Graham at Eugene Lang CollegeIn 2006, a group of Lang students were given a remarkable opportunity: to dance under the direction of Yuriko Kikuchi, former soloist and rehearsal director for Martha Graham. In this rehearsal, Yuriko helps students understand the emotions as well as the complex choreography of Steps in the Street, an excerpt from Martha Grahams work Chronicle, which premiered in 1936. In addition to rehearsing with Yuriko, students studied the Martha Graham technique and influences on Grahams work with Ellen Graff, director of programs at the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance. Steps in the Street was performed in the 2006 Lang Spring Dance Concert.Will the Real Spacemonkey Please Stand Up? A film by Eric Hopper, Media StudiesIn your dreams, you are a rocketboy in search of your errant spacemonkey. You wake to find him right next to you in bed, so your mission is accomplished. Or is it? Eric Hopper, a media studies alu

mnus who directed the film, enlisted his son Jack as both narrator and protagonist of this animated short, a creepy dream-versus-reality vignette set against the backdrop of outer space, complete with NASA countdown overdubs and spliced vintage footage of space launches. In the sequel, Nobodys Monkey, the story is retold from the monkeys point of view. He complains that he is just an object, something the rocketboy likes to jerk around, not his real friend. He wants to be left alone, he wants to be free. But still the monkey asks: Is this real, or am I dreaming?The Image Maker: A Life Devoted to What Looks Good. A film by Helen Pearson, Media StudiesDecades ago, Connie De Nave, a no-nonsense Brooklyn native, was a press agent who helped package the Beatles and the Rolling Stones for a mass audience, creating the signature look of tousled glamour made famous in photo spreads and on album covers. The company she founded, the Image Makers, secured privileged spots for her

acts in the annals of rock. This 2005 film by Helen Pearson, a media studies alumna, is an engaging portrait of this intriguing woman in more recent years. Connie became a costume and antique jewelry sellera jewel diva living a quieter but still rocking life.A Stickball Game Grows in Brooklyn. A film by Media Studies alumniIn South Park Slope, stickball is a cherished tradition. This neighborhood which is slowly being gentrified is home to men who have gone to bat on the same block12th Street and Third Avenuefor decades. This captivating black-and-white film, shot in late summer 2006 by media studies alumni Ted Fisher, Iris Lee, and Maya Mumma, offers an intimate portrait of the game and the unique brotherhood it forges among the players.Together We Win: The Fight to Organize StarbucksLabor organizers have always used rallying cries to mobilize workers and win support for union campaigns. Think of the AFL-CIO's slogan from the people who brought you the weekend.

Starbucks organizers, whose efforts are sympathetically chronicled by media studies alumna Diane Krauthamer in this 2006 film, have updated the slogan to from the people who brought you better pay and more hours. Several baristas from New York City describe their fight against mandatory part-time schedules, workplace discrimination, poverty wages, and inadequate healthcare coverage, a battle they ultimately won.The New Face of ParsonsTake a virtual tour of the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center, designed by Lyn Rice Architects, which is set to open in 2008. Funded in part by a $7 million donation from philanthropist and New School trustee Sheila C. Johnson, the 25,000-square-foot complex will create a new public face for the school at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 13th Street. The center will house an innovative urban quad, state-of-the-art galleries, lecture and meeting spaces, a design store, and the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Archives, an important collection d

ocumenting 20th-century design.A Conversation with Bob Kerrey, Part 1New School President Bob Kerrey talks to three students from different departments of the university about their academic interests and discusses prospects for collaboration between departments. Nada Abshir studied at the graduate program in International Affairs and wrote her thesis on the use of hip-hop by youth in urban Africa as a tool to promote urban development. Kate Emerman studied voice in the Bachelor of Music program at Mannes and is currently pursuing her masters degree in vocal performance there. Lee Clayton studied product design and design technology at Parsons The New School for Design.A Conversation with Bob Kerrey, Part 2President Kerrey continues his discussion of the challenges and possibilities of interdisciplinary collaboration at The New School with three students from different departments. Nicole Pontes studied sociology in the PhD program at The New School for Social Research. G

ordon Burke studied in the Science, Technology, and Society and Urban Studies programs at Lang, and did research on Type II diabetes in New York City. Carolina Cruz Santiago studied documentary film in the Media Studies department; the first film she directed, Aloha New York, debuted at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival.Big Ideas, Big Gifts, Big ImpactMilano The New School for Management and Urban Planning hosts its second panel discussion on philanthropy, Big Ideas, Big Gifts, Big Impact: A Conversation with Today's Philanthropists. The panel features Agnes Gund, founder of the Studio in a School Association and president emerita of the Museum of Modern Art; George Soros, chairman of Soros Fund Management; Evelyn Lauder, senior corporate vice president of The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. and founder and chairman of The Breast Cancer Research Foundation; and Alphonse Buddy Fletcher, Jr., chairman and CEO of Fletcher Asset Management, Inc. The four panelists, representing an arra

y of philanthropic endeavors, discuss the motivation for giving and accountability in nonprofit organizations.The Constitution in CrisisIn the third lecture of a four-part series, Elaine Scarry, Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University, speaks on the U.S. Constitution in relation to war and the social contract. The series, The Constitution in Crisis, is moderated by Sam Haselby, visiting professor, and cosponsored by the Leonard and Louise Riggio Writing and Democracy Program, The New School Writing Program, and Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts, is designed to deepen public understanding of this charter document of the United States. Three of the country's leading scholars of law, history, and literature and an outstanding human rights activist will address the topic.Jazz MattersJazz Matters is a series hosted by The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music and moderated by Howard Mandel (Down Beat, Na

tional Public Radio, New York University). Here a panel consisting of pianist Robert Glasper, Revive Da Live producer Meghan Stabile, and author, journalist, and guitarist Greg Tate discuss the interplay between hip-hop, jazz, and Black rock.Illustration TodayIllustration today is at a crossroads: Traditional forms of editorial illustration are being reinvented or giving way to new modes of expression. In this symposium, presented by Parsons The New School for Design and the Department of Illustration, more than two- dozen leading practitioners engage in spirited discussions on a range of topics. Steven Guarnaccia, Parsons Illustration Department Chair and former New York Times art director, and Dan Nadel, Parsons Illustration Department assistant professor and publisher of The Ganzfeld, moderate.Freedom Next Time: An Evening with John Pilger and Amy GoodmanAward-winning journalist and filmmaker John Pilger, author of Freedom Next Time: Resisting the Empire, and Amy Goodman,

host of the Pacifica radio show Democracy Now! and author of Static: Government Liars, Media Cheerleaders and the People Who Fight Back, discuss peoples struggles for freedom in such places as Iraq, Palestine, South Africa, and Diego Garcia, where the dream of independence has yet to be realized.Democratization and the Networked Public SphereOver the past ten years, participatory Web-based technologies have transformed the public sphere. As part of its series The Public Domain, the Vera List Center for Art and Politics at The New School presents a panel discussion on the democratizing potential of the Internet. The speakers examine the growth in political participation spurred by weblogs and wikis, which enable anyone with access to a computer to post news and commentary; the use of Web-based platforms for artistic expression; and mobile wireless devices as tools to facilitate political organizing. The discussion is moderated by media artist Trebor Scholz, and features p

anelists Danah Boyd, PhD candidate at the School of Information at the University of California in Berkeley and graduate fellow, Annenberg Center for Communication at the University of Southern California; and Ethan Zuckerman, research fellow, Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard Law School.An Evening with Choreographer, Director, and Artist Ralph LemonChoreographer, director, and multimedia artist Ralph Lemon, visiting artist at Eugene Lang The New School for Liberal Arts, discusses his creative process and recent interdisciplinary work, including Practice of Form, his series of student workshops at Lang. He also discusses his first solo exhibition (the efflorescence of) Walter, a series of drawings, paintings, and video works that explore the themes of memory and transcendence.An Evening with Playwright John Patrick ShanleyJohn Patrick Shanley, author of the plays Doubt and Four Dogs and a Bone and the screenplay for Moonstruck, speaks with New School for Drama

director Robert LuPone about his development as a playwright and his experience directing his own work. Shanley received the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 2005 Tony Award for Best Play for Doubt, and was the distinguished artist in residence at The New School for Drama for the 2006-07 school year.Sustainability and Environmental JusticeMajora Carter, executive director and founder of Sustainable South Bronx (SSB) and MacArthur Fellow, discusses sustainability and environmental justice at the annual Michael Kalil Lecture on Natural and Technological Systems, sponsored by The Michael Kalil Endowment for Smart Design in the Department of Architecture, Interior Design, and Lighting at Parsons The New School for Design, and the Tishman Environment and Design Center at The New School.This video was originally shared on blip.tv by thenew_school with a No license

(All rights reserved) license.

A recent addition to my layout is BR green liveried 47004 and as I creep into year 1994 I have had opportunity to give it a run. Not a big class 47 fan but this is an absolute monster and is seen arriving into the engineers yard with empty RUDDS from Didcot.

In addition to my Amsterdam project I also wanted to build a windmill. It is loosely based on the windmills at Kinderdijk in the Netherlands and the windmill at Rövershagen in Northern Germany.

 

The mill has an octagonal shaped base and a roof (also called cap) that rotates. It is built in a modular way. The first two levels are fully furnished. On the ground floor there is a pottery workshop with a kiln, a pottery wheel, shelves for clay, different types of glaze and finished items. On the second floor there is the apartement of the potter.

 

The shape of the mill was quite challenging and I wanted to quit the build more than once. But I like how it turned out.

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

 

Some background:

The Yakovlev Yak-38 (Russian: Яковлева Як-38; NATO reporting name: "Forger") was Soviet Naval Aviation's first and only operational VTOL strike fighter aircraft, in addition to being its first operational carrier-based fixed-wing aircraft. It was developed specifically for and served almost exclusively on the Kiev-class aircraft carriers.

 

OKB Yakovlev had been constantly improving the Yak-38 design, seeking to push the aircraft's design limits. One initial step was the Yak-38M, which was tested in 1982 and subsequently introduced into service. Outwardly it differed little from the 1st generation Yak-38, bigger air recirculation dams were the most significant changes. But the air intakes were optimized and more powerful engines almost doubled the external ordnance load. Furthermore, wet pylons were introduced that would allow to carry drop tanks, extending the type's limited range considerably. The Yak-38M was delivered in the mid-80ies to the Soviet Navy, where it replaced the original Yak-38.

 

With the ongoing tests and the development of fourth generation fighter like the MiG-29 or the Su-27 in parallel (from both of which OKB Yakovlev had been excluded, failing to gain any development contract), OKB Yakovlev sought to improve the Yak-38 further and maybe attract foreign customers.

 

One direction, which was also aimed at the Soviet Navy, was to outfit the Yak-38 with a radar, so that the type could be more than a light attack aircraft or visual range fighter with R-60 AAMs. Studies were made to integrate the Fazotron N019 'Rubin' fire control radar, which had been developed for the MiG-29 tactical fighter.

It turned out to be feasible to install the equipment in the Yak-38, even though the nose had to be modified in order to carry the radar's antenna. But with this modern radar the Yak-38 became not only able to make interceptions beyond visual range against aircraft carrier attackers with more powerful, long range AAMs (like the R-77/RVV-AE missile), it could also be used in any weather condition.

 

This project was called Yak-38 MP ('modernizeerovannyy perekhvaht-chik' = modernized version, interceptor variant), and it not only carried the N019 but also advanced navigation and attack systems which enabled the aircraft to carry out night and all-weather attacks. Outwardly the Yak-38 MP could easily be recognized by its shorter, fatter nose with a pointed radome and the offset pitot sensor in front of the cockpit. This variant received the NATO code "Forger C".

 

The resulting aircraft held much potential, and for the export market a modified version, the Yak-38 MPK ('kommehrcheskiy' = commercial) variant was offered from 1987 on. It did not feature state-of-the-art avionics, but basically kept the new variant's air-to-air and all-weather capabilities.

 

In 1988 India showed interest in the Yak-38 MPK for its aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, and an agreement was settled to buy a total of seventeen aircraft - fourteen singe-seaters and three standard Yak-38U trainers.

The Indian Yak-38 MPKs were futher modified, featuring new, extended wing tips with integral pods for a Gerdeniya-1FU (L-203B) jammer and an SPO-15LM Beryoza radar homing and warning (RAWS) system and an OEPS-29 IRST sensor (the same which is also used in the MiG-29, flown by the Indian AIr Force) in front of the cockpit. The type still lacked an integral gun, though - tests of Yakovlev had been made but the problems of engine surging with a test-mounted GSh-23 could not be cured, so the Yak-38MPK had to rely on external pods, much like its predecessors. It is also uncertian whether the Indian Yak-38 MPK is able to carry tactical nuclear stores - like its Soviet/Russian ancestors.

 

India remained the only export customer for the Yak-38, even though China showed some interest, and these export Yak-38 shoudl be the last chapter of this S/VTOL aircraft. OKB Yakovlev had already been working on the supersonic Yak-41/141 STOL multi-role fighter for the domestic market, but the demise of the Soviet Union halted any further developments - and the Yak-38's design potential had been exhausted with the MP/MPK versions.

 

The small group of Indian Forgers soldiered on until 2003 (three were lost in accidents, one of them a trainer), when they were replaced by MiG-29K shipboard fighters. Rumor had it that China had shown interest in the remaining Yak-38 MPK fleet for its own carrier.

 

General characteristics:

Crew: One

Length (fuselage only): 15.44 m (50 ft 7 in)

Length (overall): 16.05 m (52 ft 7 in)

Wingspan: 7.78 m (25 ft 5 1/2 in)

Height: 4.25 m (14 ft 5 in)

Wing area: 19.5 m² (210 ft²)

Empty weight: 7,385 kg (16,281 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 11,300 kg (28,700 lb)

 

Powerplant:

1x Tumansky R-28 V-300 turbojet, 66.7 kN (15,000 lbf)

2× Rybinsk RD-38 turbojets, 31.9 kN (7,870 lbf) each

 

Performance:

Maximum speed: 1.280 km/h (795 mph)

Range: 1,300 km (807 miles)

Service ceiling: 11,000 m (36,089 ft)

Rate of climb: 4,500 m/min (14,760 ft/min)

Thrust/weight: 1+

 

Armament:

No internal gun, but optional one or two UPK-23-250 pods fixed under the external pylons of wings.

4 hardpoints with a total capacity of 4,400 lb (2.000 kg) and provisions to carry combinations of various types of rockets (up to 240 mm), 2 anti-ship or air-to-surface Kh-23 (AS-7 Kerry) missiles, R-60, R-60M (AA-8 Aphid), R-73 (AA-11 Archer) or R-77 (AA-12 Adder) air-to-air missiles; two FAB-500 or four FAB-250 general purpose bombs under pylons, two incendiary ZB-500 napalm tanks, or external drop tanks on the inner apir of pylons.

  

The kit and its assembly

This model was inspired by a whif profile posted on whatifmodelers.com (not certain about the artist, though) some time ago: a Yak-38M in Indian Navy colors. I liked the idea of a foreign user, and India with its own carrier made a perfect candidate.

 

This project had been lingering for some time, until I came across a Yak-38M Tsukuda Hobby kit (Revell of USA re-boxing in a fantasy livery) and learned that OKB Yakovlev actually had many plans which would improve the type's potential - the "MP" variant had actually been on the drawing board, but never made it to the hardware stage. Unfortunately I was not able to find a sketch of the actual nose design for this project, I suppose that the real radome would have been bigger/fatter than my scratch conversion.

 

Anyway, from that base this whif kit was built. The Tsukuda Hobby kit is... wrong. In many ways, and fit is also rather poor. As an apology fot the designers, the kit has its origin in an era when the Yak-38 was only known from blurry pictures. Don't expect a "correct" model - 'clumsy' would be a good description. But the general appearance is O.K., and for a conversion the kit is just good enough. Anyway, if you want a good Yak-38, go for the Amodel kit!

 

There are many pitfalls to avoid on the Tsukuda kit. The cockpit is non-existent, the fin does not fit onto the fuselage shape, the front wheel is a joke, everything is rather solid and toy-like. I tried to remedy some of the se flaws with a new seat, a dashboard and a pilot figure, a completely new front wheel (from a MiG-21), and other minor conversions like lowered flaps, forward-canted lift engines, opened auxiliary blow-in-doors on the air intakes and new/finer antennae.

 

Another obvious major modification is the nose with its radome, donated from a Hasegawa F-4E. The resulting nose-up attitude and the overall shorter, less pointed profile changes the look of the Yak-38 completely. It reminds now much of a FRS.1 Sea Harrier, there's even some Buccaneer style to see? That new arrangement necessitated a new location for pitot and antennae, which were partly scratched.

 

In order to demonstrate the type's air-to-air capability I added a missile ordnance: a pair of R 77 "Adder" AAMs with their respective launch rails under the outer pylons. These come from an ICM aftermarket weapon set.

  

Painting and markings:

I used the aforementioned inspiring profile as benchmark. It shows an all-grey Yak-38M with some white areas like the flaps, rudders and the horizontal stabilizers. Unlike the late, grey Soviet/Russian Yak-38s the profile showed no darker lower tone on the undersides, but I nevertheless adopted that paint scheme, just with a lighter tone on the lower fuselage and under the wings, since I found the uniform grey to be too uninteresting.

 

I settled for Humbrol 165, Medium Sea Grey, as basic color for the upper surfaces. This appears as a good compromise between the profile and the real world's IN Sea Harriers, some of which actually carried this lighter tone for some time with a light grey underside (instead of the standard, RN-style [Extra] Dark Sea Grey and White). For the lower, lighter grey areas I used FS 36375, Ghost Grey (Humbrol 127).

 

These basic tones, esp. the upper surfaces, were later, after a black ink wash, considerably lightened through dry-brushing, in order to emphasize the panel lines and give the machine a worn and sun-bleached look.

 

The rudders were initially painted in a very light grey (Humbrol 196), leaving "room" for lighter shading with the dry-brushing technique in pure white. The radome was painted in Revell 47, a neutral grey, so that the radar nose cone became more obvious. This actually changed the whole look of the aircraft!

 

The cockpit was painted in Russian Cockpit Green, the landing gear and their respective wells in a mix of Aluminum and Khaki Drab (Humbrol 56 & 26, inspired by some IAF MiG-21bis' landing gears) - that's certainly not 'realistic', but I wanted to avoid ever more grey tones on the kit, and that brownish tone just fits well into the overall look)

 

National markings, codes and emblems come from a Model Alliance decal sheet for BAE Sea Harriers in RN and IN service. Some stencils were taken from the vast Yak-38M decal sheet from Begemot which I had in store for a different project - but it came in handy here, as the original Tsukuda Hobby/Revell sheet is ridiculous, only the white di-electric panels on the fin could be used.

 

All in all, I am amazed how much different the Indian markings make the Yak-38 look? Much like the profile that inspired this whif model, it seems like a natural livery for the type.

Chopped in the Fuji GX617 kit to get this more portable, cheaper to process etc Xpan. Filter at half some of the advertised prices and the bag came with it in near new condition - photos will start coming soon

Before update. Used at a hat shop originally. Part of an addition to my teen years dollhouse. The upstairs window and exterior door were not part of the original kit. My dad helped me cut those holes about 25 years ago.

 

I lost the door somewhere along the way. Still in my dollhosue stash, but cannot find it

 

You can see the blue tack that is stuck there from a peg rack. I still like this simple finish, but the stencil has to go! At the time, I was really happy to find such a tiny stencil to use.

  

Downstairs room reno

Teenage dollhouse addition remodel project

Simplicity dollhouse by Real Good Toys

1:12 colonial style house

Inside the sometimes controversial Pumping Station "T" bottlecap containing heavy duty filtering systems, venting, and lots of big shiny lights.

Hortus botanicus Haren-Groningen

It is one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in the Netherlands. At the Hortus, which covers about 15 acres, there are a large number of very different gardens.

In addition to the various (botanical ) gardens, the Hortus also includes an authentic Chinese Ming garden with an authentic Chinese tea house. This garden, which has a different design than western gardens, is a gift from the city of Shanghai to the City and County of Groningen.

The Hortus was part of the University of Groningen (RUG) and until the 1980s’ played an important role in the teaching and research of Biology especially Plant Systematics. A national division of labor between universities and developments in science led to the minimization of the Hortus’ role within the RUG. Since 2002, the Stichting Behoud Groene Hortus (SBGH) has acted as custodian of the heritage of the RUG. As of 2012, the Hortus stands on its own feet financially.

In 1986, a Groningen trade mission visited several cities in China. While visiting a restaurant near the Long Hua temple in Shanghai, one of the members of the mission said that “they should have something like this in Groningen, too. And so it happened. Master Le Wei Zong, Shanghai’s famous urban garden architect, created the first designs during a visit to the Hortus. Shanghai provided construction materials and the Netherlands provided the necessary funds.

Almost all the material used to build the Chinese garden was shipped from China to the Netherlands, from the stones in the garden and the wood of the pavilions to the furniture of the Moaning of the Dragon Tea House. For seven months, dozens of Chinese workers laid out the park largely by hand, because “What you make by hand, you can put your soul into. The result of this cooperation between the Netherlands and Shanghai is the beautiful Chinese garden The Hidden Kingdom of Ming, which was officially opened by H.M. Queen Beatrix on April 12, 1995.

 

The Millennium Chapel is one of the newest additions to Coventry Cathedral, between the undercroft and the nave on the north side. It commemorates the service held on the 50th anniversary of the Coventry Blitz in 1990 attended by HM The Queen Mother and German Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker. It contains a replica of the famous Madonna of Stalingrad which hangs in Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche, which was presented by the (Lutheran) Bishop of Berlin and (Orthodox) Archbishop of Volgograd and Kamyshinsky.

 

Just occasionally people tell me they don’t like Coventry Cathedral. I couldn’t disagree more; a powerful symbol of Resurrection, restored to a very different life barely twenty years after being destroyed in the Blitz on 14 November 1940. The Modernist Cathedral of St Michael of the 20th Century both surrounded by and incomprehensible without the ruins of 14th Century building that surrounds it.

 

Coventry Cathedral incarnates the twin and interconnected British revivals of the two decades after the end of the Second World War – a revival of high culture and a revival of Christian faith. Basil Spence’s cathedral housing Jacob Epstein’s sculptures, John Piper’s massive arrangements of stained glass into windows, and Graham Sutherland’s tapestry, still in 2021 the largest in the world, represent collectively a totemic achievement in modernist visual arts and architecture.

 

The brief for the competition to select the architect of the new Cathedral demanded that the design emphasise the celebration of the Eucharist; Spence himself had a further vision of the building as the repository of great modern works of art. He described his building as “a plain jewel casket”. Piper’s windows cast shafts of colour into the heart of the nave, while the plain glass West Screen, which faces to the geographical south, allows much natural light into the building, essential given that the east end is entirely filled with Graham Sutherland’s great tapestry, still the largest in the world at 22 metres tall by 12 metres wide.

 

Coventry Cathedral was built to a tight budget – “not more than £985,000” – and making much use of reinforced concrete, the new cathedral was constructed in just six years, between Queen Elizabeth II laying the foundation stone on 23 March 1956 and the dedication ceremony on 25 May 1962.

 

Could there have been a finer or more appropriate setting for the world première of Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem on 30 May 1962? On that night, the Cathedral’s great post-War religious theme was also incarnated in the three soloists: Peter Pears (Britten’s partner) from the host nation, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau from Germany, Galina Vishnevskaya from the USSR, representing three belligerent nations. That tri-national partnership continues to be symbolised by the presence of a replica of the Stalingrad Madonna given by the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin, where the original hangs, with a second copy being in Kazan Cathedral in Volgograd.

 

A building that breathes with the presence of the Holy Spirit, giving new life the Church in every generation.

Grade II listed historic buildings facing King Street originally constructed in the late 1700's with many subsequent additions and alterations.

 

"Barnard Castle (locally [ˈbɑːnəd ˈkæsəl], BAH-nəd KASS-əl) is a market town in Teesdale, County Durham, England. It is named after the castle around which it was built. It is the main settlement in the Teesdale area, and a popular tourist destination. The Bowes Museum has the best collection of European fine and decorative arts in the North of England, housed in a magnificent 19th-century French-style chateau. Its most famous exhibit is the 18th-century Silver Swan automaton, and its artworks include paintings by Goya and El Greco.

 

Barnard Castle sits on the north bank of the River Tees, opposite Startforth and 21 miles (34 km) south-west of the county town of Durham. Nearby towns include Bishop Auckland to the north-east, Darlington to the east and Richmond in North Yorkshire to the south-east.

 

Barnard Castle's largest single employer is GlaxoSmithKline, which has a manufacturing facility on the town outskirts.

 

Before the Norman conquest the upper half of Teesdale had been combined into an Anglo-Norse estate which was centred upon the ancient village of Gainford and mortgaged to the Earls of Northumberland. The first Norman Bishop of Durham, Bishop Walcher, was murdered in 1080. This led to the surrounding country being attacked and laid waste by the Norman overlords. Further rebellion in 1095 caused the king William II to break up the Earldom of Northumberland into smaller baronies. The Lordship of Gainford was given to Guy de Balliol.

 

The earthwork fortifications of the castle were rebuilt in stone by his successor, Bernard de Balliol I during the latter half of the 12th century, giving rise to the town's name. The castle passed down through the Balliol family (of which the Scottish king, John Balliol, was the most important member) and then into the possession of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. King Richard III inherited it through his wife, Anne Neville, but it fell into ruins in the century after his death.

 

The remains of the castle are a Grade I listed building, whilst the chapel in the outer ward is Grade II* listed. Both sets of remains are now in the care of English Heritage and open to the public.

 

John Bowes lived at nearby Streatlam Castle (now demolished). His Streatlam stud never had more than ten breeding mares at one time, but produced no fewer than four Derby winners in twenty years. The last of these, "West Australian", was the first racehorse to win the Triple Crown, in 1853.

 

Bowes and his wife Joséphine Benoîte Coffin-Chevallier founded the Bowes Museum, which is of national status. Housed in its own ornate building, the museum contains an El Greco, paintings by Goya, Canaletto, Boucher, Fragonard and a collection of decorative art. A great attraction is the 18th century silver swan automaton, which periodically preens itself, looks round and appears to catch and swallow a fish.

 

Although never a major manufacturing centre, in the 18th century industry centred on hand loom wool weaving, and in the early 19th century the principal industry was spinning and the manufacture of shoe thread." - info from Wikipedia.

 

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

 

Now on Instagram.

 

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.

Check out the crystal door knobs used as pulls.

The addition the historic Amos Building takes place during heavy lake effec snow in downtown Syracuse. Wooden trusses arrive and await installation. www.dailydieseldose.com for more!

They cut down our tree in the front yard & I was there waiting to pounce, lol.

 

He was very high @ this point, more photo's in a bit of the tree chopper.

  

SKYWALKER WU SONG is the newest addition to my collection! The figure is very large and is a bit of a hybrid! The upper body has a steel skeleton and silicone outer flesh while the lower body is made of plastic like the standard 1/6 action figure body! Very well made and sturdy and huge huge huge! Very tall and massive! I'll do some comparison photos with other figures!

Markthal, Rotterdam

  

The Market Hall in Rotterdam is situated between Binnenrotte , Hoogstraat and Blaak . [3] It is a residential and commercial building with indoor market hall . The opening took place on October 1, 2014 by Queen Máxima . In addition to an indoor market, the complex houses 228 apartments , 4,600 m² of retail space , 1600 m² hospitality and parking for more than a thousand cars. [1]

  

Architecture [ edit ]

 

The Market Hall was designed by architects MVRDV . The gray stone building has an arch shape as a horseshoe . It has both faces a glass façade. The laminated glass panels, most of which are square and 1 485 millimeters wide, are hung in a cable net facade of 34 meters high and 42 meters wide, which thus is the largest in Europe. Each façade has 26 vertical and 22 horizontal lines. [4

  

Artwork [ edit ]

 

The inner facade of the Market Hall is lined with a 11,000 m2 (two football fields) great artwork of Arno Coenen , entitled Cornucopia. This title refers to the Cornucopia , a horn from the Latin mythology that symbolizes abundance and saturation. [5] The artwork shows highly magnified fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, flowers and insects. In the background is the tower of the Laurens church to see. The artist tried with his piece "that childlike sense of wonder you had when you used to Erik and Insects Book [sic] read or Alice in Wonderland "recall. [6] According to the atheistic Coenen is his work "a worship of Nature, an ode to the universe, "which he calls" just as impressive and divine "as the story of creation . [6]

 

Artwork Coenen was selected from nine international candidates. [7] For the production of the animation uses digital 3D techniques. To render the huge file of 1.47 terabyte servers were used which are also used for the films of Pixar Studios . [6] The digital animation was divided into blocks and printed on perforated steel, 4,000 panels. [5]

 

In 2014 international media attention arose before. [8] [9] [10] Some publications called it the greatest work of art in the world "(a claim that is probably not true) [10] or "the Sistine Chapel of Rotterdam '. Arno Coenen has realized work in collaboration with a team of six specialists. [10]

  

nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markthal_(Rotterdam)

  

translate.google.com/translate?sl=nl&tl=en&js=y&a...

New addition to the Cardinia Cultural Centre, Lakeside, Pakenham - north frontage (exterior completion as at October 14th 2019).

This angle shows some of the changes to the Hope Remains house over the years.The addition on the left contains the decaying kitchen and a modern(?) bathroom.The wrap-around porch obviously came later,with the decision to put a metal roof on it.The original structure(shown better in the other view of the house pic)has a green shingle roof,and seems to be the the most structurally sound(though I didn't go upstairs)part of the house.

In the pasture where the goats frolicked til the property was sold

. . . for 145 more fotos go to my set: India - Delhi - Red Fort - 2014

___________________________

 

The Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal emperor of India for nearly 200 years, until 1857. It is located in the centre of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of Mughal government and the setting for events critically impacting the region.

 

The Red Fort was built as the fortified palace of Shahjahanabad, capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in 1648. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to the older Salimgarh Fort, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions, connected by a water channel known as the Stream of Paradise (Nahr-i-Behisht). The Red Fort is considered to represent the zenith of Mughal creativity under Shah Jahan. Although the palace was planned according to Islamic prototypes, each pavilion contains architectural elements typical of Mughal buildings, reflecting a fusion of Timurid, Persian and Hindu traditions. The Red Fort’s innovative architectural style, including its garden design, influenced later buildings and gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, Rohilkhand and elsewhere. With the Salimgarh Fort, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as part of the Red Fort Complex.

 

The Red Fort is an iconic symbol of India. On Independence Day, the prime minister hoists the national flag at the main gate of the fort and delivers a nationally-broadcast speech from its ramparts.

 

NAME

Its English name, "Red Fort", is a translation of the Hindustani Lal Quila (لال قلعہ, लाल क़िला) deriving from its red-sandstone walls. As the residence of the imperial family, the fort was originally known as the "Blessed Fort" (Quila-i-Mubarak). Agra Fort is also called Lal Quila.

 

HISTORY

Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort in 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats surrounding most of the walls. Construction began in the sacred month of Muharram, on 13 May 1638. Supervised by Shah Jahan, it was completed in 1648. Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort. The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi. Its planning and aesthetics represent the zenith of Mughal creativity prevailing during Shah Jahan's reign. His successor Aurangzeb added the Pearl Mosque to the emperor's private quarters, constructing barbicans in front of the two main gates to make the entrance to the palace more circuitous.

 

The administrative and fiscal structure of the Mughals declined after Aurangzeb, and the 18th century saw a degeneration of the palace. When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years. Within a year of beginning his rule, Shah was murdered and replaced by Farukhsiyar. To raise money, the silver ceiling of the Rang Mahal was replaced by copper during this period. Muhammad Shah, known as 'Rangila' (the Colourful) for his interest in art, took over the Red Fort in 1719. In 1739, Persian emperor Nadir Shah easily defeated the Mughal army, plundering the Red Fort including the Peacock Throne. Nadir Shah returned to Persia after three months, leaving a destroyed city and a weakened Mughal empire to Muhammad Shah. The internal weakness of the Mughal empire made the Mughals titular heads of Delhi, and a 1752 treaty made the Marathas protectors of the throne at Delhi. The 1758 Maratha conquest of Lahore and Peshawar placed them in conflict with Ahmad Shah Durrani. In 1760, the Marathas removed and melted the silver ceiling of the Diwan-i-Khas to raise funds for the defence of Delhi from the armies of Ahmed Shah Durrani. In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Durrani. Ten years later, Shah Alam ascended the throne in Delhi with Maratha support. In 1783 the Sikh Misl Karorisinghia, led by Baghel Singh Dhaliwal, conquered Delhi and the Red Fort. The Sikhs agreed to restore Shah Alam as emperor and retreat from the fort if the Mughals would build and protect seven Gurudwaras in Delhi for the Sikh gurus.

 

During the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803, forces of British East India Company defeated Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi; this ended Maratha rule of the city and their control of the Red Fort. After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort. The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II, became a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated.

 

Despite its position as the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British. After the rebellion failed, Bahadur Shah II left the fort on 17 September and was apprehended by British forces. He returned to Red Fort as a prisoner of the British, was tried in 1858 and exiled to Rangoon on 7 October of that year. With the end of Mughal reign, the British sanctioned the systematic plunder of valuables from the fort's palaces. All furniture was removed or destroyed; the harem apartments, servants' quarters and gardens were destroyed, and a line of stone barracks built. Only the marble buildings on the east side at the imperial enclosure escaped complete destruction, but were looted and damaged. While the defensive walls and towers were relatively unharmed, more than two-thirds of the inner structures were destroyed by the British; steps were later taken by Lord Curzon to repair some damage.

 

1911 saw the visit of the British king and queen for the Delhi Durbar. In preparation of the visit, some buildings were restored. The Red Fort Archaeological Museum was also moved from the drum house to the Mumtaz Mahal.

 

The INA trials, also known as the Red Fort Trials, refer to the courts-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army. The first was held between November and December 1945 at the Red Fort.

 

On 15 August 1947, the first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate. On each subsequent Independence Day, the prime minister has raised the flag and given a speech that is broadcast nationally.

 

After Indian Independence the site experienced few changes, and the Red Fort continued to be used as a military cantonment. A significant part of the fort remained under Indian Army control until 22 December 2003, when it was given to the Archaeological Survey of India for restoration. In 2009 the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP), prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India under Supreme Court directions to revitalise the fort, was announced.

 

As the largest monument in Delhi, is one of its most popular tourist destinations and attracts thousands of visitors every year.

 

THE FORT TODAY

Every year on 15 August (the day India achieved independence from the British), the Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and delivers a nationally-broadcast speech from its ramparts. The Red Fort, the largest monument in Delhi, is one of its most popular tourist destinations and attracts thousands of visitors every year.

 

A sound and light show describing Mughal history is a tourist attraction in the evenings. The major architectural features are in mixed condition; the extensive water features are dry. Some buildings are in fairly-good condition, with their decorative elements undisturbed; in others, the marble inlaid flowers have been removed by looters. The tea house, although not in its historical state, is a working restaurant. The mosque and hamam are closed to the public, although visitors can peer through their glass windows or marble latticework. Walkways are crumbling, and public toilets are available at the entrance and inside the park.

 

The Lahore Gate entrance leads to a mall with jewellery and craft stores. There are a museum of "blood paintings", depicting young 20th-century Indian martyrs and their stories, an archaeological museum and an Indian war-memorial museum. Although, Red Fort is still one of the most beautiful and well designed forts in the world.

 

ARCHITECTURE

The Red Fort has an area of 103.06 ha enclosed by 2.41 kilometres of defensive walls, punctuated by turrets and bastions and varying in height from 18 metres on the river side to 33 metres on the city side. The fort is octagonal, with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis. The marble, floral decorations and double domes in the fort's buildings exemplify later Mughal architecture.

 

It showcases a high level of ornamentation, and the Kohinoor diamond was reportedly part of the furnishings. The fort's artwork synthesises Persian, European and Indian art, resulting in a unique Shahjahani style rich in form, expression and colour. Red Fort is one of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts. Even before its 1913 commemoration as a monument of national importance, efforts were made to preserve it for posterity.

 

The Lahori and Delhi Gates were used by the public, and the Khizrabad Gate was for the emperor. The Lahore Gate is the main entrance, leading to a domed shopping area known as the Chatta Chowk (covered bazaar).

 

MAJOR STRUCTURES

The most-important surviving structures are the walls and ramparts, the main gates, the audience halls and the imperial apartments on the eastern riverbank.

 

LAHORI GATE

The Lahori Gate is the main gate to the Red Fort, named for its orientation towards the city of Lahore. During Aurangzeb's reign, the beauty of the gate was spoiled by the addition of bastions (Like a veil drawn across the face of a beautiful woman). Every Indian Independence Day since 1947, the national flag has flown and the Prime Minister has made a speech from its ramparts.

 

DELHI GATE

The Delhi Gate is the southern public gate, in layout and appearance similar to the Lahori Gate. Two life-size stone elephants, on either side of the gate, face each other.

 

WATER GATE

A minor gate, the Water Gate is at the southeastern end of the walls. It was formerly on the riverbank; although the river has changed course since the fort's construction, the name has remained.

 

CHHATTA CHOWK

Adjacent to the Lahori Gate is the Chhatta Chowk, where silk, jewellery and other items for the imperial household were sold during the Mughal period. The bazaar leads to an open outer court, where it crosses the large north-south street which originally divided the fort's military functions (to the west) from the palaces (to the east). The southern end of the street is the Delhi Gate.

 

NAUBAT KHANA

The vaulted arcade of the Chhatta Chowk ends in the centre of the outer court, which measured 160 m × 110 m. The side arcades and central tank were destroyed after the 1857 rebellion.

 

In the east wall of the court stands the now-isolated Naubat Khana (also known as Nakkar Khana), the drum house. Music was played at scheduled times daily next to a large gate, where everyone except royalty was required to dismount.

 

DIWAN-I-AAM

The inner main court to which the Nakkar Khana led was 160 m wide and 130 m deep, surrounded by guarded galleries. On the far side is the Diwan-i-Aam, the Public Audience Hall.

 

The hall's columns and engrailed arches exhibit fine craftsmanship, and the hall was originally decorated with white chunam stucco. In the back in the raised recess the emperor gave his audience in the marble balcony (jharokha).

 

The Diwan-i-Aam was also used for state functions. The courtyard (mardana) behind it leads to the imperial apartments.

 

NAHR-I-BEHISHT

The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions on a raised platform along the eastern edge of the fort, overlooking the Yamuna. The pavilions are connected by a canal, known as the Nahr-i-Behisht ("Stream of Paradise"), running through the centre of each pavilion. Water is drawn from the Yamuna via a tower, the Shahi Burj, at the northeast corner of the fort. The palace is designed to emulate paradise as described in the Quran. In the riverbed below the imperial apartments and connected buildings was a space known as zer-jharokha ("beneath the latticework").

 

MUMTAZ MAHAL

The two southernmost pavilions of the palace are zenanas (women's quarters), consisting of the Mumtaz Mahal and the larger Rang Mahal. The Mumtaz Mahal houses the Red Fort Archaeological Museum.

 

RANG MAHAL

The Rang Mahal housed the emperor's wives and mistresses. Its name means "Palace of Colours", since it was brightly painted and decorated with a mosaic of mirrors. The central marble pool is fed by the Nahr-i-Behisht.

 

KHAS MAHAL

The Khas Mahal was the emperor's apartment. Connected to it is the Muthamman Burj, an octagonal tower where he appeared before the people waiting on the riverbank.

 

DIWAN-I-KHAS

A gate on the north side of the Diwan-i-Aam leads to the innermost court of the palace (Jalau Khana) and the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience). It is constructed of white marble, inlaid with precious stones. The once-silver ceiling has been restored in wood. François Bernier described seeing the jewelled Peacock Throne here during the 17th century. At either end of the hall, over the two outer arches, is an inscription by Persian poet Amir Khusrow:

 

If heaven can be on the face of the earth,

It is this, it is this, it is this.

 

HAMMAM

The hammam were the imperial baths, consisting of three domed rooms floored with white marble.

 

MOTI MASJID

West of the hammam is the Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque. A later addition, it was built in 1659 as a private mosque for Aurangzeb. It is a small, three-domed mosque carved in white marble, with a three-arched screen leading down to the courtyard.

 

HIRA MAHAL

The Hira Mahal is a pavilion on the southern edge of the fort, built under Bahadur Shah II and at the end of the Hayat Baksh garden. The Moti Mahal on the northern edge, a twin building, was destroyed during (or after) the 1857 rebellion.

 

SHAHI BURJ

The Shahi Burj was the emperor's main study of the; its name means "Emperor's Tower", and it originally had a chhatri on top. Heavily damaged, the tower is undergoing reconstruction. In front of it is a marble pavilion added by Aurangzeb.

 

HAYAT BAKHSH BAGH

The Hayat Bakhsh Bagh is the "Life-Bestowing Garden" in the northeast part of the complex. It features a reservoir (now dry) and channels, and at each end is a white marble pavilion (Savon and Bhadon). In the centre of the reservoir is the red-sandstone Zafar Mahal, added about 1842 under Bahadur Shah II.

 

Smaller gardens (such as the Mehtab Bagh or Moonlight Garden) existed west of it, but were destroyed when the British barracks were built. There are plans to restore the gardens. Beyond these, the road to the north leads to an arched bridge and the Salimgarh Fort.

 

PRINCES´ QUARTER

North of the Hayat Bakhsh Bagh and the Shahi Burj is the quarter of the imperial princes. This was used by member of the Mughal royal family and was largely destroyed by the British forces after the rebellion. One of the palaces was converted into a tea house for the soldiers.

 

WIKIPEDIA

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