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. . . for 145 more fotos go to my set: India - Delhi - Red Fort - 2014
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The Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal emperor of India for nearly 200 years, until 1857. It is located in the centre of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of Mughal government and the setting for events critically impacting the region.
The Red Fort was built as the fortified palace of Shahjahanabad, capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in 1648. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to the older Salimgarh Fort, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions, connected by a water channel known as the Stream of Paradise (Nahr-i-Behisht). The Red Fort is considered to represent the zenith of Mughal creativity under Shah Jahan. Although the palace was planned according to Islamic prototypes, each pavilion contains architectural elements typical of Mughal buildings, reflecting a fusion of Timurid, Persian and Hindu traditions. The Red Fort’s innovative architectural style, including its garden design, influenced later buildings and gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, Rohilkhand and elsewhere. With the Salimgarh Fort, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as part of the Red Fort Complex.
The Red Fort is an iconic symbol of India. On Independence Day, the prime minister hoists the national flag at the main gate of the fort and delivers a nationally-broadcast speech from its ramparts.
NAME
Its English name, "Red Fort", is a translation of the Hindustani Lal Quila (لال قلعہ, लाल क़िला) deriving from its red-sandstone walls. As the residence of the imperial family, the fort was originally known as the "Blessed Fort" (Quila-i-Mubarak). Agra Fort is also called Lal Quila.
HISTORY
Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort in 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats surrounding most of the walls. Construction began in the sacred month of Muharram, on 13 May 1638. Supervised by Shah Jahan, it was completed in 1648. Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort. The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi. Its planning and aesthetics represent the zenith of Mughal creativity prevailing during Shah Jahan's reign. His successor Aurangzeb added the Pearl Mosque to the emperor's private quarters, constructing barbicans in front of the two main gates to make the entrance to the palace more circuitous.
The administrative and fiscal structure of the Mughals declined after Aurangzeb, and the 18th century saw a degeneration of the palace. When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years. Within a year of beginning his rule, Shah was murdered and replaced by Farukhsiyar. To raise money, the silver ceiling of the Rang Mahal was replaced by copper during this period. Muhammad Shah, known as 'Rangila' (the Colourful) for his interest in art, took over the Red Fort in 1719. In 1739, Persian emperor Nadir Shah easily defeated the Mughal army, plundering the Red Fort including the Peacock Throne. Nadir Shah returned to Persia after three months, leaving a destroyed city and a weakened Mughal empire to Muhammad Shah. The internal weakness of the Mughal empire made the Mughals titular heads of Delhi, and a 1752 treaty made the Marathas protectors of the throne at Delhi. The 1758 Maratha conquest of Lahore and Peshawar placed them in conflict with Ahmad Shah Durrani. In 1760, the Marathas removed and melted the silver ceiling of the Diwan-i-Khas to raise funds for the defence of Delhi from the armies of Ahmed Shah Durrani. In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Durrani. Ten years later, Shah Alam ascended the throne in Delhi with Maratha support. In 1783 the Sikh Misl Karorisinghia, led by Baghel Singh Dhaliwal, conquered Delhi and the Red Fort. The Sikhs agreed to restore Shah Alam as emperor and retreat from the fort if the Mughals would build and protect seven Gurudwaras in Delhi for the Sikh gurus.
During the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803, forces of British East India Company defeated Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi; this ended Maratha rule of the city and their control of the Red Fort. After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort. The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II, became a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated.
Despite its position as the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British. After the rebellion failed, Bahadur Shah II left the fort on 17 September and was apprehended by British forces. He returned to Red Fort as a prisoner of the British, was tried in 1858 and exiled to Rangoon on 7 October of that year. With the end of Mughal reign, the British sanctioned the systematic plunder of valuables from the fort's palaces. All furniture was removed or destroyed; the harem apartments, servants' quarters and gardens were destroyed, and a line of stone barracks built. Only the marble buildings on the east side at the imperial enclosure escaped complete destruction, but were looted and damaged. While the defensive walls and towers were relatively unharmed, more than two-thirds of the inner structures were destroyed by the British; steps were later taken by Lord Curzon to repair some damage.
1911 saw the visit of the British king and queen for the Delhi Durbar. In preparation of the visit, some buildings were restored. The Red Fort Archaeological Museum was also moved from the drum house to the Mumtaz Mahal.
The INA trials, also known as the Red Fort Trials, refer to the courts-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army. The first was held between November and December 1945 at the Red Fort.
On 15 August 1947, the first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate. On each subsequent Independence Day, the prime minister has raised the flag and given a speech that is broadcast nationally.
After Indian Independence the site experienced few changes, and the Red Fort continued to be used as a military cantonment. A significant part of the fort remained under Indian Army control until 22 December 2003, when it was given to the Archaeological Survey of India for restoration. In 2009 the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP), prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India under Supreme Court directions to revitalise the fort, was announced.
As the largest monument in Delhi, is one of its most popular tourist destinations and attracts thousands of visitors every year.
THE FORT TODAY
Every year on 15 August (the day India achieved independence from the British), the Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and delivers a nationally-broadcast speech from its ramparts. The Red Fort, the largest monument in Delhi, is one of its most popular tourist destinations and attracts thousands of visitors every year.
A sound and light show describing Mughal history is a tourist attraction in the evenings. The major architectural features are in mixed condition; the extensive water features are dry. Some buildings are in fairly-good condition, with their decorative elements undisturbed; in others, the marble inlaid flowers have been removed by looters. The tea house, although not in its historical state, is a working restaurant. The mosque and hamam are closed to the public, although visitors can peer through their glass windows or marble latticework. Walkways are crumbling, and public toilets are available at the entrance and inside the park.
The Lahore Gate entrance leads to a mall with jewellery and craft stores. There are a museum of "blood paintings", depicting young 20th-century Indian martyrs and their stories, an archaeological museum and an Indian war-memorial museum. Although, Red Fort is still one of the most beautiful and well designed forts in the world.
ARCHITECTURE
The Red Fort has an area of 103.06 ha enclosed by 2.41 kilometres of defensive walls, punctuated by turrets and bastions and varying in height from 18 metres on the river side to 33 metres on the city side. The fort is octagonal, with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis. The marble, floral decorations and double domes in the fort's buildings exemplify later Mughal architecture.
It showcases a high level of ornamentation, and the Kohinoor diamond was reportedly part of the furnishings. The fort's artwork synthesises Persian, European and Indian art, resulting in a unique Shahjahani style rich in form, expression and colour. Red Fort is one of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts. Even before its 1913 commemoration as a monument of national importance, efforts were made to preserve it for posterity.
The Lahori and Delhi Gates were used by the public, and the Khizrabad Gate was for the emperor. The Lahore Gate is the main entrance, leading to a domed shopping area known as the Chatta Chowk (covered bazaar).
MAJOR STRUCTURES
The most-important surviving structures are the walls and ramparts, the main gates, the audience halls and the imperial apartments on the eastern riverbank.
LAHORI GATE
The Lahori Gate is the main gate to the Red Fort, named for its orientation towards the city of Lahore. During Aurangzeb's reign, the beauty of the gate was spoiled by the addition of bastions (Like a veil drawn across the face of a beautiful woman). Every Indian Independence Day since 1947, the national flag has flown and the Prime Minister has made a speech from its ramparts.
DELHI GATE
The Delhi Gate is the southern public gate, in layout and appearance similar to the Lahori Gate. Two life-size stone elephants, on either side of the gate, face each other.
WATER GATE
A minor gate, the Water Gate is at the southeastern end of the walls. It was formerly on the riverbank; although the river has changed course since the fort's construction, the name has remained.
CHHATTA CHOWK
Adjacent to the Lahori Gate is the Chhatta Chowk, where silk, jewellery and other items for the imperial household were sold during the Mughal period. The bazaar leads to an open outer court, where it crosses the large north-south street which originally divided the fort's military functions (to the west) from the palaces (to the east). The southern end of the street is the Delhi Gate.
NAUBAT KHANA
The vaulted arcade of the Chhatta Chowk ends in the centre of the outer court, which measured 160 m × 110 m. The side arcades and central tank were destroyed after the 1857 rebellion.
In the east wall of the court stands the now-isolated Naubat Khana (also known as Nakkar Khana), the drum house. Music was played at scheduled times daily next to a large gate, where everyone except royalty was required to dismount.
DIWAN-I-AAM
The inner main court to which the Nakkar Khana led was 160 m wide and 130 m deep, surrounded by guarded galleries. On the far side is the Diwan-i-Aam, the Public Audience Hall.
The hall's columns and engrailed arches exhibit fine craftsmanship, and the hall was originally decorated with white chunam stucco. In the back in the raised recess the emperor gave his audience in the marble balcony (jharokha).
The Diwan-i-Aam was also used for state functions. The courtyard (mardana) behind it leads to the imperial apartments.
NAHR-I-BEHISHT
The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions on a raised platform along the eastern edge of the fort, overlooking the Yamuna. The pavilions are connected by a canal, known as the Nahr-i-Behisht ("Stream of Paradise"), running through the centre of each pavilion. Water is drawn from the Yamuna via a tower, the Shahi Burj, at the northeast corner of the fort. The palace is designed to emulate paradise as described in the Quran. In the riverbed below the imperial apartments and connected buildings was a space known as zer-jharokha ("beneath the latticework").
MUMTAZ MAHAL
The two southernmost pavilions of the palace are zenanas (women's quarters), consisting of the Mumtaz Mahal and the larger Rang Mahal. The Mumtaz Mahal houses the Red Fort Archaeological Museum.
RANG MAHAL
The Rang Mahal housed the emperor's wives and mistresses. Its name means "Palace of Colours", since it was brightly painted and decorated with a mosaic of mirrors. The central marble pool is fed by the Nahr-i-Behisht.
KHAS MAHAL
The Khas Mahal was the emperor's apartment. Connected to it is the Muthamman Burj, an octagonal tower where he appeared before the people waiting on the riverbank.
DIWAN-I-KHAS
A gate on the north side of the Diwan-i-Aam leads to the innermost court of the palace (Jalau Khana) and the Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience). It is constructed of white marble, inlaid with precious stones. The once-silver ceiling has been restored in wood. François Bernier described seeing the jewelled Peacock Throne here during the 17th century. At either end of the hall, over the two outer arches, is an inscription by Persian poet Amir Khusrow:
If heaven can be on the face of the earth,
It is this, it is this, it is this.
HAMMAM
The hammam were the imperial baths, consisting of three domed rooms floored with white marble.
MOTI MASJID
West of the hammam is the Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque. A later addition, it was built in 1659 as a private mosque for Aurangzeb. It is a small, three-domed mosque carved in white marble, with a three-arched screen leading down to the courtyard.
HIRA MAHAL
The Hira Mahal is a pavilion on the southern edge of the fort, built under Bahadur Shah II and at the end of the Hayat Baksh garden. The Moti Mahal on the northern edge, a twin building, was destroyed during (or after) the 1857 rebellion.
SHAHI BURJ
The Shahi Burj was the emperor's main study of the; its name means "Emperor's Tower", and it originally had a chhatri on top. Heavily damaged, the tower is undergoing reconstruction. In front of it is a marble pavilion added by Aurangzeb.
HAYAT BAKHSH BAGH
The Hayat Bakhsh Bagh is the "Life-Bestowing Garden" in the northeast part of the complex. It features a reservoir (now dry) and channels, and at each end is a white marble pavilion (Savon and Bhadon). In the centre of the reservoir is the red-sandstone Zafar Mahal, added about 1842 under Bahadur Shah II.
Smaller gardens (such as the Mehtab Bagh or Moonlight Garden) existed west of it, but were destroyed when the British barracks were built. There are plans to restore the gardens. Beyond these, the road to the north leads to an arched bridge and the Salimgarh Fort.
PRINCES´ QUARTER
North of the Hayat Bakhsh Bagh and the Shahi Burj is the quarter of the imperial princes. This was used by member of the Mughal royal family and was largely destroyed by the British forces after the rebellion. One of the palaces was converted into a tea house for the soldiers.
WIKIPEDIA
"Date: ca. 1774, with later additions. Medium: Carved, painted, and gilded oak.
Commissioned for the new residence of Jean-Paul de Clapiers, marquis de Cabris, in Grasse, this paneling made in Paris is a pure expression of the Neoclassical style. Originally the room had five sets of double doors and an equal number of mirrors, achieving a beautiful harmony by the alternation of the carved and gilded panels with the reflective glass surfaces. The rounded corners display trophies of musical instruments suspended from bow-tied ribbons. Smoking incense burners on tripod stands, a motif derived from classical antiquity, embellish the upper door panels. The combination of dulled and burnished gilding creates a particularly lively effect." - info from the Met.
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 Fifth Avenue, along the Museum Mile on the eastern edge of Central Park on Manhattan's Upper East Side, is by area one of the world's largest art museums. A much smaller second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, contains an extensive collection of art, architecture, and artifacts from medieval Europe.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 with its mission to bring art and art education to the American people. The museum's permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiquity and ancient Egypt, paintings, and sculptures from nearly all the European masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and Islamic art. The museum is home to encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, costumes, and accessories, as well as antique weapons and armor from around the world. Several notable interiors, ranging from 1st-century Rome through modern American design, are installed in its galleries.
The Fifth Avenue building opened on March 30, 1880. In 2021, despite the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, the museum attracted 1,958,000 visitors, ranking fourth on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. The city is within the southern tip of New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area – the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. New York is the most photographed city in the world. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, an established safe haven for global investors, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
Now on Instagram.
This neo-Egyptian funeral home is also part of what was the Art Center Music School (the other section, the Robert and Jennie Brown House, is elsewhere in the Detroit photoset). The architect of this 1930 addition is not known.
The two-building complex began as a private home, then became a funeral home and had this building added on. The buildings later became the Art Center Music School, which has since closed.
Both buildings are contributing properties to the Willis-Selden Historic District, which is National Register--and City of Detroit Historic District-listed
Valencia College celebrates its 50th annual Commencement ceremony at Addition Financial Arena on May 5, 2019 in Orlando, Fla. Images from the afternoon ceremony.
The Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury brands, Ford also owns Volvo Cars of Sweden, and a small stake in Mazda of Japan and Aston Martin of England. Ford's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover were sold to Tata Motors of India in March 2008.
Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914.
The Ford GT40 was a high performance sports car and winner of the 24 hours of Le Mans four times in a row, from 1966 to 1969 (in 1967 with a different body, though). It was built to win long-distance sports car races against Ferrari (who won at Le Mans six times in a row from 1960 to 1965). That car used the Gurney Weslake engine with the special alloy heads made by Weslake.
The car was named the GT (for Grand Touring) with the 40 representing its overall height of 40 inches (1.02 m, measured at the windshield) as required by the rules. Large displacement Ford V8 engines (4.7 L and 7 L) were used, compared with the Ferrari V12 which displaced 3.0 L or 4.0 L.
Early cars were simply named "Ford GT". The name "GT40" was the name of Ford's project to prepare the cars for the international endurance racing circuit, and the quest to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The first 12 "prototype" vehicles carried serial numbers GT-101 through GT-112. The "production" began and the subsequent cars, the MkI, MkIIs, MkIIIs, and MkIVs, numbered GT40P/1000 through GT40P/1145, were officially "GT40s". The name of Ford's project, and the serial numbers dispel the story that "GT40" was "only a nickname.“
The Ford GT90 was a concept car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was unveiled in January 1995 at the Detroit Auto Show as "the world's mightiest supercar". Claimed performance included a top speed 253 mph (409 km/h) from a 720 hp (537 kW) quad-turbocharged V12 engine, the exhaust of which was claimed to be hot enough to damage the body panels, requiring ceramic tiles similar to those on the space shuttle to prevent this.
The mid-engined car was a spiritual successor to the Ford GT40, taking from it some styling cues, such as doors that cut into the roofline, but little else. All angles and glass, the Ford GT90 was the first Ford to display the company's "New Edge" design philosophy. The GT90 was built around a honeycomb-section aluminum monocoque and its body panels were moulded from carbon fiber.
The GT90 was built by a small team in just over six months and, as a result, borrowed many components from another high profile stablemate—the Jaguar XJ220. The all-round double wishbone suspension and the five-speed manual gearbox came from the Jaguar, while the engine was a siamesed 4.6L DOHC V8 block (from the Lincoln Mark VIII) with 2 cylinders cut off.
The GT90's 48-valve V12 was a six-litre engine which, if Ford had ever produced it in volume, might have produced up to 720 hp (537 kW), thanks to four Garrett AiResearch T2 turbochargers. The engine was based on the Ford Modular engine. Two Lincoln V8 engines each had portions removed, namely the last pair of cylinders from the rear of one engine and the first pair of cylinders from the front of the other engine and the cut down engines were welded together. In total, this yielded a 90-degree V12, with 90.2 mm bore and 77.3 mm stroke.
Jacques Nasser, then a Ford executive and eventually CEO, was very proud of the car, and kept a model of it on his desk, as seen in a documentary on the U.K. television network Channel 4 on the Firestone tire incidents.
In the Top Gear episode first broadcast on October 26, 2003, Jeremy Clarkson stated "I actually drove this and it was horrid. It had a top speed of 40 (mph) and it handled like it was in a cartoon".
Comfort Market
2800 Rio Linda Blvd
Sacramento, California
I believe the Comfort Market was originally built as an addition in front of a bungalow facing the boulevard, and the 2-story part of that house was added for more residential space in the back when the market expanded into the footprint of the original bungalow. Just a guess.
In addition to the day’s competitions between the U.S. Military Academy and the Royal Military College of Canada, joint demonstrations and practices were scheduled with Army Judo and Tae Kwon Do at Arvin Cadet Physical Development Center. The Pipes and Drums Clubs also practiced throughout the day in preparation for a performance at the Holleder Center before the Army-RMC Hockey game.
•In addition to using smaller tires up front, I also raised the rear axle by one plate to give the car that slightly more aggressive stance.
•The front tires are on a ball-joint so they can turn/steer. The rear axle spins freely. I'm sure the front axle can easily be replaced to let those tires spin too.
I really really really wanted to use a pullback motor, maybe next time!
1803 with later additions and alterations, particularly 1888. 3-storey 6-bay fortified building (former jail) with later Baronial style alterations. Pebbledash with ashlar dressings (red sandstone to later Baronial style alterations), some rendered. Corbelled string course between 2nd and low jettied 3rd storeys; slightly advanced long and short quoins; tails to most windows. Asymmetrically grouped 1-4-1. Large gap between 1st and 2nd floors of 4-bay group; segmental-arched small windows to each bay at 2nd floor. Window at ground and 1st floor of each bay of 4-bay group, except blank at ground of bay to outer left and corbelled red sandstone canted window at 1st floor of bay to outer right. 3-storey (different disposition to 4-bay group), single bay group to right with window at 1st and 2nd floors. 2-storey, single bay group to outer left with red sandstone dressings including coping. Bipartite window at 1st floor; corbelled turret breaking height of eaves to outer left.
The building was erected to replace the Tolbooth as a Jail. In 1884 it ceased to be used as such and was offered to Selkirk Town Council. It was restored and presented to the town by Thomas Craig-Brown in 1888 as a library and reading room. According to B Holton and Strang, there is still a subterranean passageway to the Sheriff Court opposite, through which the prisoners were taken. In 1845, the prison was regarded as being "not well secured", as 2 of 7 prisoners had managed to escape that year and prisoners would frequently leave in the evening, returning for when the jailer came in the morning!
Vienna Concert House (2006)
The Wiener Konzerthaus was opened in 1913. It is on the 3rd Viennese district road (Lothringerstraße) at the edge of the Inner City between Schwarzenberg Square and City Park .
Architectural History
Ludwig Baumann planned Olympion Art Show 1908, the main building Concert Hall, detail
1890 for a planned house music festivals should be considered as multi-purpose building to address a broader public than the just 200 meters away traditional Viennese Musikverein. The design by architect Ludwig Baumann for a Olympion contained several concert halls except an ice rink and a Bicycleclub. In addition, an open-air arena should offer 40,000 visitors. The skating rink and its adjacent buildings were realized in 1899 by Baumann plans, the Art Nouveau ensemble but fell in 1960 to a construction of the InterContinental Hotels Group to the victim. The Vienna Ice Skating Club is located on the then reduced by about a third place today. The popular freestyle wrestling at the Haymarket took place here.
Organised by Gustav Klimt and his friends art exhibition Vienna 1908 was held in a temporary exhibition building on the undeveloped site of the later concert hall. The Wiener Konzerthaus was finally built 1911-1913 by the Europe-wide Viennese theater architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer Younger (Office Fellner & Helmer ) in collaboration with Ludwig Baumann.
The theme of the concert hall was:
A facility for the care of fine music, a collection of artistic aspirations, a home for music and a house for Vienna.
On 19 October 1913 the Concert Hall in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph I with a gala concert of the Vienna Concert Society was opened (now the Vienna Symphony Orchestra ). Richard Strauss composed this be Festive Prelude Op 61. Was combined with this modern work Beethoven's 9th Symphony - the juxtaposition of tradition and modernity should be so much in the first concert of the house.
The disintegration of Austria-Hungary brought tremendous social upheaval and financial crises - and thus flexibility and versatility was also necessary for lack of money. In addition to classical repertoire, there were in the 1920s and 1930s, important world premieres (including Arnold Schoenberg and Erich Wolfgang Korngold ), concerts with jazz and pop songs, speeches from science to spiritualism and poetry readings (including Karl Kraus ). Dance and ballroom events, some large conferences and world championships for boxing and fencing completed the program.
After the annexation of Austria to the German Reich in 1938, the program for impoverished "non- degenerate entertainment operation ", to many artists remained only the emigration.
After 1945, the concert hall also had the secondary task , " prop up " the bruised Austrian self-confidence in a musical way. In addition to the standard repertoire of classical and romantic and the Viennese Waltz , there were still premieres (eg Schoenberg's oratorio The Jacob's Ladder 1961) and international jazz and pop concerts. From May 1946 spaces for recording studios and administration at the German and in Vienna living music producer Gerhard Mendelson were rented, who is considered one of the most important pop producers in Austria in the postwar period.
After several modifications that changed the original Art Nouveau decoration slightly , the house was restored from 1972 to 1975 to the only slightly altered original plans. From 1998 to 2001 the house was renovated by architect Hans Puchhammer and expanded to include a new concert hall (New Hall) .
From 1989 to 2002 the Vienna Kathreintanz also took place in the concert hall .
Building
Saw the concert at the House of Lorraine Street (Lothringerstraße), the Schwarzenbergplatz
The floor plan approximately 70 x 40 meters large concert hall with the main entrance at the Lothringerstraße and other inputs in the Lisztstraße includes Haymarket (Heumarkt) since the opening three concert halls:
Large hall with 1865 seats
Mozart Hall with 704 seats
Schubert Hall with 366 seats
The new hall (with 400 seats) was not established until the general renovation of 1998 to 2002. The new hall was renamed at the start of the 2009/2010 season in Berio-Saal.
On the home front, the right and left of the entrance, is the inscription
Honor your German Masters, then you are storing good spirits.
Here is a quote from the final chorus for the opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner.
In all rooms the same time can take place, since they do not affect each other acoustically different concerts.
Inside stands in the foyer of the original model created in 1878 by Kaspar von Zumbusch Beethoven Monument, which is situated opposite the Concert Hall at the Beethoven place. At the staircase there is a relief homage to Emperor Franz Joseph (1913 ) by Edmund Hellmer . Furthermore, a bust of Franz Liszt by Max Klinger to mention in 1904.
The complex of the concert hall and the building is part of the K. K Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (now the University of Music and Dramatic Art). Adjoining rooms for academic teaching purposes this part of the building also contains the Academy theater with 521 seats, which is used as a secondary stage of the Burgtheater world premieres among other modern plays.
Great Hall and Organ
The Great Hall has a capacity of 1116 visitors (ground floor) and additional 361 balconies and boxes, and 388 in the gallery. The auditorium is 750 m2 and 170 m2 of the podium. In the 1960s the hall was optimized by Heinrich Keilholz.
The organ was built in 1913 in the Great Hall of the Rieger organ (Rieger-Orgel) (Jägerndorf, Silesia) built. The instrument is located on the end wall of the big room, but has no visible Prospectus. The organ is located behind a grid and is thus hidden from the visitors. The cone-chest-116 instrument has five registers on manual and pedal works and is the largest organ in Austria. The special features of the organ counts, firstly, that the four manual divisions are swellable. In addition, the organ comprises a (swellable ) remote work with separate pedal. Stylistically, the organ is "Alsatian Organ reform " aimed at the so-called ideal of where along the lines of major instruments of Aristide Cavaillé -Coll, the strong voices are divided into two manuals. The tracker action is electro-pneumatic. For the inauguration of the instrument Strauss had the " Festive Prelude " for organ and orchestra composed. In 1982 the instrument was restored.
I Hauptwerk C
Principal 16 '
16 drone '
Principal 8 '
Gedackt 8 '
Flute hollow 8 '
Harmonique Flûte 8 '
Fugara 8 '
Gemshorn 8 '
Dulciana 8 '
Nasatquinte 51/3 '
Octave 4 '
Reed flute 4 '
Viola 4 '
Superoctave 2 '
Noise Quinte II 22 /3 '
Cornet III-V 8 '
Mixture V 22 /3 '
III cymbals 2 '
Trumpet 16 '
Trumpet 8 '
Clarino 4 '
Manual II ( swellable ) C-
Viola 16 '
Quintatön 16 '
Principal 8 '
Bourdon 8 '
Flauto Traverso 8 '
Clara Bella 8 '
Viola da Gamba 8 '
Salicional 8 '
Unda Maris 8 '
Octave 4 '
Octaviante Flûte 4 '
Gemshorn 4 '
Quintatön 4 '
Waldflöte 2 '
Sesquialtera II 22 /3 '
Progress . harm. III - V 22 /3 '
Mixture IV 22/3 '
8 'Clarinet
Krummhorn 8 '
Glockenspiel
tremulant
III . Manual ( swellable ) C-
Lovely - Gedackt 16 '
Violin Principal 8 '
Reed flute 8 '
Still Covered 8 '
Vienna Flute 8 '
Quintatön 8 '
Echo Gamba 8 '
Aeoline 8 '
Vox coelestis 8 '
Octave 4 '
Octaviante Flûte 4 '
Delicate flute 4 '
Aeolsharfe 4 '
Gemsquinte 22/3 '
Flautino 2 '
Third, 13/5 '
Larigotquinte 11/3 '
Seventh 11/7 '
Piccolo 1 '
Harmonia aetherea IV 22/3 '
Basson 16 '
Harmonique Trompette 8 '
Oboe 8 '
Vox Humana 8 '
Harmonique Clairon 4 '
tremulant
IV solo work C
16 drone '
Clarinophon 8 '
Double - Gedackt 8 '
Concert Flute 8 '
Solo Gamba 8 '
Fifth tube 51/3 '
Octave 4 '
Solo Flute 4 '
Quinte 22/3 '
Superoctave 2 '
Wholesale Cornett III - V 22 /3 '
Tuba mirabilis 8 '
Ophicleide 8 '
Harmonique Clairon 4 '
V Fernwerk ( swellable ) C-
Delicately Gedackt 16 '
Horn 8 'Principal
Lovely - Gedackt 8 '
Reed flute 8 '
Viola d' amore 8 '
Vox Angelica 8 '
Gemshorn 4 '
Flute 4 '
Piccolo 2 '
Mixture IV 22/3 '
Shawm 8 '
Vox Humana 8 '
tremulant
C- pedal
Principalbaß 32 '
Principalbaß 16 '
Violon 16 '
Subbass 16 '
Echobaß 16 '
Salicetbaß 16 '
Quintbaß 102/3 '
Octavbass 8 '
Gedacktbaß 8 '
Bass flute 8 '
Cello 8 '
Dulcianbaß 8 '
Octave 4 '
Flauto 4 '
Campana III 102/3 '
Mixture IV 51/3 '
Bombard 32 '
Trombone 16 '
Bassoon 16 '
Trumpet 8 '
Basset 8 '
Clarino 4 '
C- pedal distance
Subbass 16 '
Octavbass 8 '
Pairing :
Normal coupling : II / I, III / I , IV / I , V / I, P / I , III / II , IV / II , V / II, I / II , IV / III , V / P, I / P, II / P III / P IV / P
Superoktavkoppeln : II / I, III / I , IV / I , V / I , III / I , IV / I , III / II , IV / II , IV , V, I / P , IV / P.
Suboktavkoppeln : III / II .
Game Help: Free combinations (5 banks by 1000 = 5000 general memories ), storage rack (roll on, Pair of roller coupling to IV of roller, Manual 16 ' down, Reeds off (as buttons ), the main pedal off, remote pedal off (as flip switches ), Einzelzungenabsteller ), Tutti (push button), principal pedal down, Fernwerk pedal from, sills V in expression pedal II coupled (toggle button), kicks, interact with flip switches (switching I-IV of P, normal couplers II-IV to I, roll off ) Registercrescendo (roller for the organist, coupled with a second roller for the registrant ) .
Program
The concert hall is the main venue of the Vienna Symphony , the Vienna Chamber Orchestra and the Vienna Sound Forum. Since 1913 the Vienna Academy of Music has its permanent home of the Konzerthaus. In separate events at the Wiener Konzerthaus other international orchestras, soloists and chamber ensembles in addition to the Vienna Philharmonic regular guest. In addition, there are also numerous other events organizer at the Konzerthaus. So for example the Bonbon Ball, but also concerts in jazz and world music.
The program of the Vienna Konzerthaus also includes some festivals , such as
the Early Music Festival in January resonances
the Vienna Spring Festival
the International Music Festival
Wien Modern in autumn
Between 2003 and 2006, gave the series with the latest music generator .
From 2008, a year early in the season with a festival held focus "on a particular region or cultural community". The first event in September 2008, the two-day festival Spot On : Yiddishkeit , in which a cross section is presented by the diversity of Jewish music creation.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Bowie State University marked the renewal of a Memorandum of Understanding to increase cooperation towards the improvement of the environment and green career pathways, in addition to other opportunities, at the university in Prince George's County, Md., on Feb. 1, 2018. Bowie State University is the oldest historically black college/university (HCBU) in the state of Maryland. (Photo by Caitlyn Johnstone/Chesapeake Bay Program)
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Walt Bogdanow, left, Europe District's Bavaria Area engineer, presents Col. David Richardson, the Bavaria Health commander, with a ceremonial key plaque to commemorate the opening of the Vilseck Health Clinic addition Aug. 14 in Vilseck, Germany. The project modernized almost 42,000 square feet of primary and urgent care, behavioral health, radiology, physical therapy, optometry, pharmacy and administrative space. The upgraded facility will enable medical staff to better serve patient health care and readiness needs. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo by Ben Lazo)
My X-T1 arrived last week along with a 35mm f/1.4 lens. I have since added a 14mm f/2.8 and am awaiting my 56mm f/1.2
I love this system!
In addition to an all-new Hydro Blue (pictured), the 2014 Jeep Wrangler Polar Edition model is also available in Billet Silver Metallic and Bright White exterior colors.
In my original 100strangers project, I tried a few profile shots just for something different. In this newest addition to my project, I thought I would try the profile shot over my shots of him facing me. With a bit of post processing, this was my preference for a number of reasons.
Although he was comfortable talking about his background and about being photographed, I thought there was a certain anonymity that I wanted to give him as I told his story. In the political climate of our country at this time, I feel I owe even more respect for people who have immigrated here looking for work and a better life compared to that of their country of origin. He is Haitian. Although we did not get into a discussion of the circumstances of his moving to the states, I sensed he was looking for a better life. Over the 12 years he has lived here, he has worked to improve his vocational status and continues to aim for higher goals. He said he enjoyed his position at the museum because he gets to talk to a lot of people and has never encountered any confrontation where he had to intervene, other than advising visitors not to touch the exhibits. He was dressed impeccably in a suit and tie and spoke with an ease with the language he has mastered here, although his accent was definitively foreign.
At the time I noticed him, he was "guarding" the entrance to an exhibit that was under construction. As I mentioned, he was not the focus of my original shot, but after I noticed him in the shot, I approached to ask if he was uncomfortable with being in the shot. After he said he was not, and we conversed for a few minutes, I asked if he was willing to participate in my project.
I had some difficulty with the exposure because I didn't want to approach to better meter his skin tone. The white wall distorted the light reading on my limited camera. I apologized when I showed his the shot for the exposure problem.
So I chose to accentuate rather than try to fix the exposure, and after giving it a high key appearance, I posterized it slightly. Your comments on my choices are welcomed since it is a different presentation than most of the stranger shots posted in this group.
He is the 182nd person I have approached to participate in this project. You can see more at 100 strangers. I have also added this to another group, an offshoot of the strangers project at The Human Family.
1309 25th Street
Sacramento, California
This commercial addition in front of a Dutch colonial house appears to be office space nowadays. If it's not currently occupied, it surely looks turnkey ready.
The newest addition to the @DetroitSpeedInc Test Car Family. The DSE 1965 Mustang joins the ever growing number of Test Cars in the DSE stable.
The Car: A 1965 Mustang that will be used as a test bed for new Detroit Speed products.
The Project: The Mustang will be used for testing the prototype Mini-Tub Kit for the rear and a bolt-on speed kit front suspension upgrade.
www.detroitspeed.com/Projects/DSE-1965-Mustang/DSE-1965-M...
The newest addition to the @DetroitSpeedInc Test Car Family. The DSE 1965 Mustang joins the ever growing number of Test Cars in the DSE stable.
The Car: A 1965 Mustang that will be used as a test bed for new Detroit Speed products.
The Project: The Mustang will be used for testing the prototype Mini-Tub Kit for the rear and a bolt-on speed kit front suspension upgrade.
www.detroitspeed.com/Projects/DSE-1965-Mustang/DSE-1965-M...
JARDINE MATHESON BUILDING
currently: Foreign Trade Mansion (No. 27)
It was formerly the Jardine Matheson Building. Jardine, Matheson & Company had a wide range of business interests in the country in this period, and it was justly fitting that they were the first to register a building lot on the Bund in 1843.
Work on the Renaissance-style, five-storey building began in early 1920 and was completed in November 1922. The reinforced concrete structure, faced with granite, was designed to permit the addition of an extra storey, which was added at a later date. As was a common practice of the time, the servants' quarters were placed over the garages at the back and the offices themselves had separate stairs and toilet facilities.
Continuing the company's traditional worldwide trade in tea and silk, a specially designed silk room, with exceptional lighting, was created for its silk inspectors (usually of Swiss or Italian descent). Inside the main entrance at the centre of the Bund frontage, two boards, which used to list the buildings' occupants, have been wiped clean, but remain as a reminder of the past.
Although public entry is not permitted, the grandeur of the 16-foot-wide marble and bronze staircase, original woodwork and marble panelling can be viewed from just inside the entrance portico.
www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/bund-buildin...
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THE BUND
The Shanghai Bund has dozens of historical buildings, lining the Huangpu River, that once housed numerous banks and trading houses from the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Italy, Russia, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as the consulates of Russia and Britain, a newspaper, the Shanghai Club and the Masonic Club. The Bund lies north of the old, walled city of Shanghai. It was initially a British settlement; later the British and American settlements were combined in the International Settlement. Magnificent commercial buildings in the Beaux Arts style sprung up in the years around the turn of the 20th century as the Bund developed into a major financial center of East Asia. Directly to the south, and just northeast of the old walled city, the former French Bund (the quai de France, part of the Shanghai French Concession) was of comparable size to the Bund but functioned more as a working harbourside.
By the 1940s the Bund housed the headquarters of many, if not most, of the major financial institutions operating in China, including the "big four" national banks in the Republic of China era. However, with the Communist victory in the Chinese civil war, many of the financial institutions were moved out gradually in the 1950s, and the hotels and clubs closed or converted to other uses. The statues of colonial figures and foreign worthies which had dotted the riverside were also removed.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the thawing of economic policy in the People's Republic of China, buildings on the Bund were gradually returned to their former uses. Government institutions were moved out in favour of financial institutions, while hotels resumed trading as such. Also during this period, a series of floods caused by typhoons motivated the municipal government to construct a tall levee along the riverfront, with the result that the embankment now stands some 10 metres higher than street level. The Bunds revitalization began in 1986 with a new promenade by the Dutch Architect Paulus Snoeren and has dramatically changed the streetscape of the Bund. In the 1990s, Zhongshan Road (named after Sun Yat-sen), the road on which the Bund is centred, was widened to ten lanes. As a result, most of the parkland which had existed along the road disappeared. Also in this period, the ferry wharves connecting the Bund and Pudong, which had served the area's original purpose, were removed. A number of pleasure cruises still operate from some nearby wharves.
In the 1990s the Shanghai government attempted to promote an extended concept of the Bund to boost tourism, and land value in nearby areas, as well as to reconcile the promotion of "colonial relics" with the Socialist ideology. In its expanded form, the term "Bund" (as "New Bund" or "Northern Bund") was used to refer to areas south of the Yan'an Road, and a stretch of riverfront north of the Suzhou River (Zhabei). Such use of the term, however, remains rare outside of tourism literature.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Title: Addition to cross girder opposite South Station (changes for shuttle track. Note Cove Street bridge in background)
Date: 1910 August 7
Source: Boston Elevated Railway photographs, 9800.018.
File name: 9800018_005_054
Rights: Public Domain
Citation: Boston Elevated Railway photographs, 9800.018.City of Boston Archives, Boston
could it be an in-law suite? a library? a studio? an office? at first i thought that the addition might have been a converted garage like the other house i had seen (see first comment box), but on this one the foundation doesn't seem right.
ANSH scavenger6 wall/fence
These will make a tasty addition to the cookie exchange table. Thx
Joe for the recipe!
Sorry for the flash, It's early, dark, raining and I didn't have my morning coffee yet.
Golden Cinnamon Crunch Cookies (Adapted from KAF Cookie Companion)
12 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 teaspoon salt
1 large egg
2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
1 1/2 cups coarsley crushed flaked cereal (I used Total)
1 1/2 cups cinnamon chips
Preheat oven to 350
In a large mixing bowl, beat together butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Add vanilla, salt and egg - mix until combined.
In a medium bowl, stir together flour, crushed cereal and cinnamon chips.
Stir the flour mixture into the creamed butter.
Take pieces of dough with a tablespoon and roll into balls - around 1" in size. Place dough onto parchment lined baking sheets. Gently flatten with your hands, or use a fork and make a crisscross pattern.
Bake until golden around the edges, about 15-18 minutes. Remove cookies from the sheets and place on a wire rack to cool completely.
In addition to it's main base at Kingsbridge Tally Ho! based a number of vehicles at a yard in Plymouth. CNH 176X an ECW B51 bodied Leyland Leopard PSU3G/4R which had been new to United Counties was photographed at the latter location on June 13th 1998.
A large donation by a friend sure helped. He probably felt sorry for me when he saw my orphan.
(notice small buds on top-soon to flower)
Construction complete for adding the new large Palm House and additional wings onto the original Conservatory, 1873. Courtesy of Architect of the Capitol.
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Prebendal house divided into 2. Late C17 with later additions. Handmade bricks in English bond on chamfered plinth, dentilled brick string course and eaves cornice. Graduated slate roofs with coped gables and kneelers; rebuilt ridge and gable brick chimney stacks. 2 storeys, 7 bays; the right extension was of 1857, but reduced to single storey in 1970s; the left extension is late C19, lower 2 storeys, 2 bays (the left 2 bays of the main facade now form part of No.6). Central panelled door in bolection surround with pulvinated frieze. Sash windows in segmental-arched stone architraves. The left extension has similar windows but in brick reveals. Rear central stair projection is contemporary with the facade, the left 3 bays are an early C18 additional span; all additions to right of the stair are late C19.
This building is shown on the Kipp engraving of Carlisle Cathedral, 1715.
"Revitalized, hip Scott’s Addition is the hub of the city’s brewing scene, with cideries, taprooms, and distilleries housed in converted warehouses. Bold street murals and string lights brighten the area, and seasonally focused destination restaurants, a retro bowling alley, and a cinema make it a popular evening hangout. Nearby, the Science Museum of Virginia has high-tech astronomy shows in its Dome theater." - Google
I'm now adding 7 in the 7th position from the left. This is done in 3 steps: add 10, subtract 5, add 2. In this step I add 2.
an Old Order Mennonite farm house that has had many additions to make room for the extended and expanded family. Grey Ox Avenue, Huron-Kinloss, in Bruce County.
Christmas gifts that I received for each member of what I like to refer to as the holy trinity of video gaming. Clockwise from the top: "Dragon Spirit" (PC Engine HuCard), "SimAnt" (Super Famicom), "Street Fighter II': Champion Edition" (PC Engine HuCard) and "Cool Spot" (Sega Genesis).
Some recent-ish additions to the R2-D2 collection.
R2-D2 Easter candy containers (3-pack)
My hubby bought my this orchid to go with my first one he got me for Valantines Day. I've been trying to get a decent photo of it for a few weeks now, and havent had any luck. I realized yellow is a tough color to photograph against my pale walls, so i think this looks better:)
An addition to the Brede Mansion at Brede Works. Even if you don't want many windows a facade must be beautiful.
Textiles were produced at Brede Works until it was closed down in 1956.
The buildings were taken over by the National Museum of Denmark in the 1960s. The museum, Brede Works, is Denmark's largest, protected industrial plants.
In addition to the songwriting prowess of the writers and producers, one of the major factors in the widespread appeal of Motown's music was Gordy's practice of using a highly select and tight-knit group of studio musicians, collectively known as "The Funk Brothers", to record the instrumental or "band" tracks of the Motown songs. Among the studio musicians responsible for the "Motown Sound" were keyboardists Earl Van Dyke, Johnny Griffith, and Joe Hunter; guitarists Joe Messina, Robert White, and Eddie Willis; percussionists Eddie "Bongo" Brown and Jack Ashford; drummers Benny Benjamin, Uriel Jones, and Richard "Pistol" Allen; and bassists James Jamerson and Bob Babbitt.
Much of the Motown Sound came from the use of overdubbed and duplicated instrumentation. Motown songs regularly featured two drummers instead of one (either overdubbed or in unison), as well as three or four guitar lines. Bassist James Jamerson often played his instrument with only his index finger, and created many of the basslines apparent on Motown songs such as "You Can't Hurry Love" by The Supremes.
Hitsville USA
Detroit, MI
October 2008
Economics As If Survival Mattered. John Michael Greer takes on economics, a subject in desperate need of his characteristic, level-headed analysis. The usual growth oriented fantastical notions that have plagued the subject over the last half century were in particular need of such cool headed dispatching. Greer starts with the fallacy of the law of supply and demand by handily pointing out that you cannot demand what is simply not there. Uh duh. Our economic system does not inventory the depletion of natural resources and just keeps on assuming that its existence is a given.
In addition, Greer gives us language to explain how the science of economics got so full of itself that it thought it could create its own reality. He divides up the economy into three parts. There's the Primary which encompasses all the planet's natural resources and services, the Secondary which includes the goods made by humans from these resources and the Tertiary which refers to the financial sector. It is this last category that has come to dominate, spinning a web of ever more complex derivative products that have promised the world an endless possibility of wealth pulled from thin air. That is to say, it is based on the promises of wealth from tomorrow's production from resources that likely will not even be there.
Ancient Rome was in much the same financial straights using a debt driven economy that ran aground once actual resources were unable to keep up with demand. In fact it was because of Rome's financial shenanigans that the Christians came up with the part about usury being a sin. I've always wondered why that was so important to the Christians (and Muslims and Jews). In the epoch following the Roman empire, people went back to a life without loans and a lifestyle that didn't revolve around money. Peasants survived on the land they farmed using barter and embraced a feudal lord who offered them protection in exchange for a part of their crops. This was the Middle Ages.
So forget a retirement which is just another construct of the industrial age. Greer is convinced that we are in the twilight of the age of investment. The growth economy simply isn't going to grow anymore to bring in a return. The promise that invested money will outperform the faltering economy of goods and services is simply a publicly accepted fantasy, a faith based system.
Greer ferrets out the last assumption of our flawed economic system, the one my financial advisor holds dear, and that is that the discovery of new technology and new sources of energy will bring back the economy we assume is our birthright. Not going to happen. The energy required to pull this last rabbit out of the hat will be more than the energy we can gain from such efforts Greer says, because there is no resource as dense or as easily brought to market as fossil fuels have been. Same goes for the chimera of a perpetual motion machine because of the law of thermodynamics. Reading his argument makes me feel like a butterfly pinned to a board.
He does have a series of recommendations involving the tax structure and the regulation of corporate activity. I especially like his suggestion that we take corporate personhood to its logical end and serve corporations the death penalty for murder when appropriate. But it is his advice that we follow E.F. Schumacher's small-is-beautiful principle that is the motivating factor for me because it gives me and all the other home tinkerers something to do. Officially termed the Principle of Subsidiary Function this principle puts forth that we use only as much energy as necessary from as local a source as possible to get a job done.
We, who make ourselves intimately acquainted with the amount of energy we need to house and feed ourselves (and provide hot showers and cold beer), are in a far better position to determine what changes we are willing to cultivate in order to insure a palatable future on a diminished energy budget. Because, as Greer points out, the larger economy is only interested in figuring out how to keep the existing system going and this will inevitably lead to collapse of these multi-layered complex systems. Turning away from complexity and investing in far simpler ways of providing for our needs is the solution Greer affords us. Judging from the number of books that blend emergency prep with ongoing sustainable, off-grid living practices, he is not alone in this plan. But rather than rest with the disaster scenario, Greer offers a satisfying exposé of the delusions that have brought us to this disaster prone existence. It is a less anxiety producing approach to know that we must move away from the delusions rather than just be prepared to weather the breakdowns.
In addition to Austin, no fewer than two carmakers took over the production of the legendary FX4. First was Carbodies which was actually coach building the FX4 on behalf of Austin and took up the intellectual property in 1982 when BL/British Leyland lost any interest in the latter. But the venture proved short-lived and LTI/London Taxi International relaunched the FX4 in 1984. Production lasted until 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Home addition with patio walkway, columns, and lighting built in the North Potomac area of Rockville, Maryland. Complete with Tesla charging station.
Investing some of my birthday money in more "cubes" :-)
From left to right:
Holey Megaminx
The void 3x3x3 cube was amazing enough, but a megaminx without the center part is just mind-boggling.
Fisher's Cube
Based on a normal 3x3x3 and also solves the same way with some special cases due to twisted centres. Gets some funny shapes when twisting.
I'm at the moment building one of those myself from a 3x3x3 (expect pictures soon) but I wanted to have a nice one as well.
Pryaminx Crystal
Somehow like a megaminx but totally different.