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CO-WORKERS,
Le réseau comme artiste,
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris,
du 9 octobre 2015 au 31 janvier 2016...
Holyoke, MA. October 2016.
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The vineyard in this photograph is located in the Central Coast region of California in what is known as the 'San Lucas AVA' (Monterey County). The region has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVA's (American Viticultural Areas). Many migrant workers are hired to tend the vineyards and assist at harvest time though recent changes in labor and immigration laws have restricted this practice because many were found to be undocumented or illegal.
Ant Theme: Research by Dr. Jonathan Klassen
Research in the Klassen lab tries to understand how symbioses (“organisms living together”) function as a unit, despite being made up of different individuals that have different ecologies and evolutionary interests. This research is important because of how widespread such symbioses are in nature, e.g., between humans and their gut microbes, or plants and microbes surrounding their roots in the rhizosphere. However, the complexity of such systems makes them difficult to study. Instead, we study a fungus-growing ant, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis, as a model system where we can understand the precise function of each symbiont and how it interacts with the others. T. septentrionalis is the northernmost fungus growing ant, and is abundant in pine flat forests throughout the Eastern USA, ranging as far north as Long Island, New York. In this symbiosis, T. septentrionalis ants collect plant material and insect feces, which they feed to a specific “cultivar” fungus that they farm in underground gardens. Once the fungus has digested this food, it forms nutrient-rich swellings that the ants feed upon. The ants also protect their cultivar fungus from disease using antibiotic-producing Pseudonocardia bacteria that reside on the ants’ proplueral plates (i.e., “chest”). The ants therefore both farm the cultivar fungus as their food source and protect it by “crop spraying” antibiotics produced by their symbiotic Pseudonocardia bacteria.
In this collaboration, we used macrophotography to visualize the various members of our symbiosis and the interactions between them. We took images of each life cycle stage of the ant, and observed how their bodies developed as they moved first from larvae, to pupae, and finally to fully developed adult workers and the male reproductive caste. We also imaged the underside of a worker adult, which showed how the Pseudonocardia bacteria form an ordered array of white microcolonies covering the ant’s propleural plate. These colonies likely relate to an array of glands on the ant’s body that as thought to feed each colony of bacteria. Finally we also imaged the cultivar fungus to investigate how its structure related to its relationship with the ants. Interestingly, our images revealed patches of necrotic cultivar tissue, perhaps indicating the presence of a melanin-based immune system in this fungus. This has never been observed before, and whether it is caused by the ant or some other factor remains unknown. Together, these macrophotographic images allowed us to view our ants and their symbionts in unprecedented detail, and demonstrates the intimacy of the interactions that occur between them.
EXHIBIT ON DISPLAY NOW AT UCONN'S NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
Illuminated with: macroscopicsolutions.com/store/product-category/imaging-p...
Imaged with: macroscopicsolutions.com/store/product/the-macropod-pro-m...
Images in this gallery were captured by:
Mark Smith M.S. Geoscientist mark@macroscopicsolutions.com
Annette Evans Ph.D. Student at the University of Connecticut annette@macroscopicsolutions.com
PARIS-. La Mobilisation continue au lendemain de l’adoption de la réforme des retraites.
La 7ème journée de mobilisation jeudi 28 octobre contre la réforme des retraites, adoptée par le parlement, a rassemblé près de 2 millions de personnes dans les rues, selon la CGT.
PARIS-. STRIKES AND PROTESTS FOLLOW ADOPTION OF PENSION REFORM
French unions are holding another day of strikes and protests against pension reform after the lower house of parliament gave final approval on Wednesday to a controversial bill that raises the legal retirement age from 60 to 62.
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This group were waiting to be taken to work in the fields for the summer. This is near the main market in Lublin, and on the left is a locally produced Zuk van.
This is available as a print at: www.saatchionline.com/art/Photography-Waiting-for-Work/94...
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"A low level, soft focus image of the daily commute for several types of worker, in the bright morning sunshine..."
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A delivery worker at the Tsukiji Market in Tokyo.
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Expecting and nursing mothers require social protection but workers in the informal economy are often not covered. Maternity protection has been a primary concern of the ILO since its creation in 1919. Workplace support for mothers who are breastfeeding has been a basic provision of maternity protection.
The Philippines expanded maternity leave benefits in 2019 to align with international labour standards. The ILO also promoted exclusive breastfeeding in the workplace to advance women’s rights to maternity protection and to improve nutrition security for Filipino children. Know more: www.ilo.org/manila/projects/WCMS_379090/lang--en/index.htm
Photo ©ILO / E. Tuyay
November 2011
Manila, Philippines
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.