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Today I went to the dentist. Basically my whole life I've been afraid of the dentist. Over the last few years, that fear has finally started going away. Today at the dentist my ankles were so locked in fear, I could have broken my ankle. Anyways, I made it out alive. But, I got another cavity.
Honestly, the reason I took this because slowly as I grow older, I slowly grow more comfortable with my teeth. I barely smile because of them, but still I'm learning I just gotta buck up and deal with the way they are. So when pushing myself into that I decided I'd better do this picture.
A screencap from the music video of Gotye and Kimbra singing "Somebody that I used to Know".
After falling in love with this song and video, I decided this would be really fun to etch. And those shapes made proportionalizing a lot easier!
Took about 3 hours, must have listened to the song a good 15 times while working on it. I am thrilled with how this turned out!
This is from a 1955 Buick Used Car Merchandizing Manual. This is a huge album (1,000 pages?) and includes order forms for knickknacks to layout suggestions, advertisements, plastic lay-over design pages, cartoon art etc. Interesting piece of literature.
Many farmers still used horses for planting corn. I recall when my former father-in-law kept horses for planting until 1952. The Hayes planter was made in Galva, Illinois and the manufacturer ran a full page ad in the March 3, 1917 Country Gentleman magazine.
I dreamed about a human being is is part of a project exploring the use of artificial intelligence as applied to photography by using online open source code and data.
More information at fransimo.info/?p=1100
ID:338d8a144e3b0323ce33ca3408879cfd
Image credits: www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763321467/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763322669/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763323793/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763323793/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763324147/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763326389/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2763337581/ www.flickr.com/photos/macskapocs/2763346737/ www.flickr.com/photos/pozzo/2763360819/ www.flickr.com/photos/sitcomroom/2763366825/ www.flickr.com/photos/pozzo/2763377859/ www.flickr.com/photos/bamboo-adventure/2763419773/ www.flickr.com/photos/emper/2763481110/ www.flickr.com/photos/photowu/2763636814/ www.flickr.com/photos/photowu/2763648440/ www.flickr.com/photos/footy/2763869671/ www.flickr.com/photos/ruphy/2763949774/ www.flickr.com/photos/spunkinator/2763982717/ www.flickr.com/photos/colinpoe/2764060222/ www.flickr.com/photos/photobugbaby/2764156300/ www.flickr.com/photos/waltherfamily/2764162566/ 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Using one image as a displacement map for another one.
View more: MY WEBSITE | BEHANCE | SAATCHI ART | TWITTER
Another Rosa Rugosa Alba rose in bloom in my backyard
Camera Used: Canon EOS Rebel T1i
Lens Used: Canon EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro USM prime lens
~~~~~~***Please, feel free to use my Textures, Backgrounds, Stock, etc., in your Artwork.
If you do use them, I would love it if you would please post your work in my group, Ruby's Treasures.
~~~~These are pictures of my Grandaughter , please use them caringly~~~~
...Please DO NOT redistribute as your own...
To see my full Photo Stock Set please visit Here
Used two flashes (one behind the door, one on the lower left before the door).
32mm f/5.6 1/30s
processing:
Adjusted perspective and cropped image. Edited door closer away on the upper right. Adjusted color/saturation. Multilayer edit of the faces behind the glass (Color/Saturation adjustments, Orton effect).
The picture was taken in the sauna of the now closed public bath "Stadtbad Steglitz", The location is currently used for events but it'll probably never be a public bath again.
Thanks to Anja and Julia for your patience.
Thanks to Harald for letting me play with your speedlites.
"And the secret garden bloomed and bloomed and every morning revealed new miracles."
~Frances Hodgson Burnett (The Secret Garden)
© all images copyright of Karen Wyatt and any use without permission is illegal
REGIONE VENETO
Want to use this image on your project? Visit my website www.scorcio.it to obtain a licence.
The oldest thing that belongs to me is this whisky shot measuring jug, which is exactly a tot, and belonged to my grandfather I still use it occasionally to measure out a malt. Loved the contrasts on the pewter, and deliberately kept in the shadow.
Women used to wear jangot (a kind of long hood) when going out of the house (Courtesy of Damyeon) (Source: Han Style)
Flickr : If you would like to use this photo, please contact : sip-images-production@orange.fr
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Projets/Reportages FNH 2008/16 : www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections/721576...
Projets/Reportages : Écologie, Éducation et Politiques www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections/721576...
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Fondation Nicolas Hulot : www.fondation-nicolas-hulot.org/
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La Fondation Nicolas Hulot lance My Positive Impact
2015 est une année décisive pour le climat et donc pour l’humanité toute entière. La COP 21, Conférence internationale sur le climat, se réunira à Paris en décembre prochain. 195 pays, devront impérativement parvenir à un accord si nous voulons éviter des changements climatiques irréversibles et leurs conséquences dramatiques pour la vie sur notre planète et pour des millions d’habitants.
Pendant longtemps, le débat sur le climat a été agité par deux questions : est-ce vrai ? Et y-a-t-il des solutions ?
Aujourd’hui nous savons que c’est vrai. Les scientifiques sont unanimes pour l’affirmer. Maintenant le changement est-il inéluctable ? Non, si nous optons pour les bons choix, individuellement et collectivement.
Les solutions existent, elles naissent partout dans la société civile. Des associations, des entreprises, des collectivités inventent, créent, lancent des initiatives pertinentes, efficaces et réplicables, pour lutter contre le dérèglement climatique. Habitat, alimentation, transport, santé … tous les secteurs sont concernés. A la clé : des créations d’emplois, plus de lien social, une meilleure qualité de vie et moins d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Malheureusement ces projets restent trop souvent expérimentaux confrontés à un mur de conformisme ou de scepticisme. Il suffirait pourtant de presque rien pour faire de ces bonnes idées isolées les standards de demain. C’est pourquoi, la Fondation Nicolas Hulot pour la Nature et l’Homme a décidé de permettre à tous de choisir les idées à suivre et de donner le pouvoir aux solutions pour le climat en les sortant de l’anonymat, grâce à une campagne de mobilisation inédite : My Positive Impact.
Le principe : 100 initiatives portées par des petites entreprises, des collectivités et des associations, qui répondent aux problèmes du changement climatique sont soumises au vote du public. Pour plus de lisibilité, deux sessions de votes sont proposées à raison de :
• 50 solutions soumises au vote du 11 mars au 19 avril
• 50 solutions soumises au vote du 25 mai au 5 juillet
Chacun est invité à voter pour celles qui lui parle ou qui le convainque le plus et, avec ses partenaires médias, la Fondation transformera les votes en visibilité ! 10 solutions remporteront ainsi une véritable campagne de communication en mesure de leur apporter la crédibilité et la notoriété nécessaire pour attirer investisseurs, compétences, partenaires, débouchés…. Reportages, plateaux TV, chroniques radios, articles, annonces presse, bannières web… les récompenses médiatiques prendront diverses formes.
Soutenue par de nombreuses personnalités (chanteurs, acteurs, sportifs, chefs d’entreprise, …), la campagne trouvera son point d’orgue en décembre 2015 à l’occasion de la COP 21, lors d’une grande soirée de remise de trophées My Positive Impact aux lauréats.
Participer à la campagne My Positive Impact permet non seulement aux solutions pour le climat d’être vues, partagées, déployées à très large échelle, mais aussi de créer les conditions pour faire émerger un nouveau modèle de société, où les bonnes idées de quelques-uns deviennent la chance de tous.
Changements climatiques, quels enjeux pour la COP21 ?
2 degrés de plus… Ça change quoi ?
Pourquoi et comment réduire les pesticides?
Comment financer les actions pour faire face au changement climatique ?
Pour en savoir plus et voter : www.mypositiveimpact.org
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OSONS - Plaidoyer d'un homme libre
« Les sommets sur le climat se succèdent, nous croulons sous l'avalanche de rapports plus alarmants les uns que les autres. Et l'on se rassure avec une multitude de déclarations d'intention et de bonnes résolutions. Si la prise de conscience progresse, sa traduction concrète reste dérisoire. L'humanité doit se ressaisir, sortir de son indifférence et faire naître un monde qui prend enfin soin de lui. »
Nicolas Hulot, Président de la Fondation Nicolas Hulot pour la Nature et l'Homme
Ce manifeste écrit par Nicolas Hulot est un cri du coeur, un plaidoyer pour l'action, un ultime appel à la mobilisation et un coup de poing sur la table des négociations climat avant le grand rendez-vous de la COP21. Il engage chacun à apporter sa contribution dans l'écriture d'un nouveau chapitre de l'aventure humaine, à nous changer nous mêmes et par ce biais à changer le monde.
Diagnostic implacable, constat lucide mais surtout propositions concrètes pour les responsables politiques et pistes d'action accessibles pour chacun d'entre nous, cet ouvrage est l'aboutissement de son engagement et de sa vision en toute liberté des solutions à « prescrire » avant et après la COP21. L'urgence est à l'action. En 12 propositions concrètes, Nicolas Hulot dresse, avec sa Fondation, une feuille de route alternative pour les États et suggère 10 engagements individuels pour que chacun puisse également faire bouger les lignes à son niveau.
Depuis 40 ans, Nicolas Hulot parcourt la planète. Témoin de sa lente destruction, il a décidé de devenir un des acteurs de sa reconstruction. Au côté de sa Fondation pour la Nature et l'Homme ou en parlant aux oreilles des décideurs, il contribue à faire évoluer les mentalités.
Broché - 96 pages - format : 12 x 19 cm.
Editions LLL Les liens qui libèrent.
boutique-solidaire.com/…/produits-…/26414-osons-.html
Osons: la conférence du 07 octobre au Grand Rex à Paris
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCUEcl6tqRM
Nicolas Hulot - On n'est pas couché 31 octobre 2015 :
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YjmXqOTqu0
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Festival Science Frontières : Nicolas HULOT et Jean-Marie PELT, nous parlent des grands problèmes de notre planète mais aussi des grandes solutions...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo-YoX-nsKk
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Le film "Une Vérité qui Dérange" : www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZ4izGzj9r0
Une vérité qui dérange (An Inconvenient Truth) est un documentaire américain de Davis Guggenheim sorti en 2006. Traitant du changement climatique, il est basé en grande partie sur une présentation multimédia que Al Gore, ancien vice-président des États-Unis et prix Nobel de la paix en 2007 (partagé avec le GIEC) a préparé pour sa campagne de sensibilisation sur le réchauffement planétaire
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Une_vérité_qui_dérange
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Le film "Le Syndrome du Titanic" : vimeo.com/64741962
Le Syndrome du Titanic est un film documentaire réalisé en 2008 par Nicolas Hulot et Jean-Albert Lièvre, sorti le 7 octobre 2009
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Syndrome_du_Titanic
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Photographie de Sébastien Duhamel, professionnel de l’image www.sebastien-duhamel.com/présentation-références/
Derniers projets/reportages photos www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections/721576...
Classeurs photos www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections
Albums photos www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/sets/
Tournages vimeo.com/137495739
www.dailymotion.com/user/Sebastien_Duhamel/1
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Photo/Conditions www.sebastien-duhamel.com/conditions-tarifs/
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Classeurs www.flickr.com/photos/sebastienduhamel/collections
Even I only used this transport interchange for maybe 1 or 2 times when I was a kid, the unique spatial arrangement of the complex still evolved from my memory when I re-visited and entered the fenced off, narrow queue of the terminus.
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Construction started in 1983, with the multi-storey car park opened in April 1986. The Transport Complex connected to the pier with ferry services serving mainly between Tsuen Wan and Central. The Complex provides passage interchanges to the bus, van and taxi services directly from the pier. The building programmes also included government departments (e.g. Identical Card issue), and other retail booths & food stores. The building has however been disconnected to the central Tsuen Wan areas since the Tsuen Wan MTR service operated even before the completion of the building. The ferry service was closed in 2000 due to the more convenient use of road transport from Tsuen Wan to Central through the West Cross Harbour Tunnel, causing the Complex to be further under-used.
The use of individual staircase connecting to each of the bus stop termini was first used in this building - an unique machine-like design to avoid large loads of pedestrians to cross the bus platforms for safety reason.
The most interesting moment of the building was the establishment of a driving school on the 9th and 10th floors of the building since 1999.
Most of the bus routes using the Complex have relocated their termini to Tsuen Wan West Station Public Transport Interchange in 2003, and left a larger area of the building into disuse. Under the MTR Corporation's TW5 property development project, the carpark Complex is planned to be closed from 5 Feb 2013 and will be demolished and replaced by residential towers.
Digested & quoted from:
zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%83%E7%81%A3%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B...
I loved Jasper coffee when we used to get it at work, and seeing the crepes being churned out make me salivate. I had to get one!
As it turns out, the coffees weren't bad, but maybe a little rushed on a Sunday afternoon. A little on the pricey side, but it is FairTrade coffee and chocolate that they sell.
The strawberry crepe was very good, especially the quality of the chocolate inside. It's not Koko Black, but still very rich and smooth, plus the sprinkling of finely ground coffee powder gave it a nice kick. Julia thought there was too much chocolate, but I didn't mind it one bit! :P
Jasper Coffee Caffeine Dealers
Fresh Food Precinct
Shop 310 Chadstone Shopping Centre
Chadstone VIC 3148
03.9563.4333
Photos:
- Strawberry and Chocolate crepe with a sprinkle of finely ground coffee powder - AUD9.95
- Decaf Soy Latte - AUD4.50
- Caffe Latte - ADU3.50
- Cappucino - AUD3.50
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From the Platinum VW show in Hicksville, NY on 7/28/2012.
D700, 135mm f/2DC @ f/2.8, iso 200, cp filter, natural light.
I could sure use a pick me up right now.
This was taken at a bakery in Williamsburg called Baked. If I don't get into grad school opening up a bakery is one of my many Plan B's.
Man, I really need to stop posting so much. As you can see my mind keeps running overtime. At this rate I'm going to need a Pro account soon!
Hopefully this will be the last thought of the day. So, I was stalking my roommate's tumblr and she wrote something that I absolutely loved and it's the downright TRUTH. I loved it so much that I need to share it. I'm basically gonna copy and paste it because I couldn't have said it better.
You Boys are Idiots
"When the going gets tough, MAN UP. Don’t just pick the easy way out and give up. Don’t run away. Try and REALLY TRY. Don’t just say that you’ll try and not try. TRY for goodness sake! When that’s not enough TRY HARDER!! Don’t use God and His will as an excuse for your laziness and cowardice unless you’re really sure He told you so. If He didn’t, at least man up to your own short comings and admit that you’re giving up because of you, not because of God. I’m sure He wouldn’t appreciate you using Him like that either.
We’re good catches. We deserve it. We’re good for you too. But the point is, we want to be there for you. One beauty of a relationship is that you make us better and we make you better. One beauty of a God centered relationship is that God makes us both better. We want to be there with you and fight it out together. We don’t need you to be perfect. We’re not perfect. We just want you to commit and try to make it work. We just want to try with you TOGETHER.
Boys, read this - whether you’re in a relationship, single, looking, or claiming celibacy - read it for the sake of yourselves and your significant other - she may even become your wife.
jaesonma.com/365-days-of-love-day-284-the-5-pillars-of-ma...
(Disclaimer: Definitely not saying that women don’t have their own parts to play either. And don’t agree with every single word of this (like first date comment), but generally the important main points are legit.)
It’s Not About Finding the Right Man/Woman. It’s About Being the Right Man/Woman."
United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island, also known simply as Alcatraz ("the gannet") or The Rock, was a maximum security federal prison on Alcatraz Island, 1.25 miles (2.01 km) off the coast of San Francisco, California, United States. The site of a fort since the 1850s, the main prison building was built in 1910–12 as a U.S. Army military prison.
The United States Department of Justice acquired the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Pacific Branch, on Alcatraz on October 12, 1933. The island became adapted and used as a prison of the Federal Bureau of Prisons in August 1934 after the buildings were modernized and security increased. Given this high security and the island's location in the cold waters and strong currents of San Francisco Bay, prison operators believed Alcatraz to be escape-proof and America's most secure prison.
The three-story cellhouse included the four main cell blocks – A-block through D-block – the warden's office, visitation room, the library, and the barber shop. The prison cells typically measured 9 feet (2.7 m) by 5 ft (1.5 m) and 7 ft (2.1 m) high. The cells were primitive and lacked privacy. They were furnished with a bed, desk, washbasin, a toilet on the back wall, and few items other than a blanket. African Americans were segregated from other inmates in cell designation due to racism during the Jim Crow era. D-Block housed the worst inmates, and six cells at its end were designated "The Hole". Prisoners with behavioral problems were sent to these for periods of often brutal punishment. The dining hall and kitchen extended from the main building. Prisoners and staff ate three meals a day together. The Alcatraz Hospital was located above the dining hall.
Prison corridors were named after major U.S. streets, such as Broadway and Michigan Avenue, of New York and Chicago, respectively. Working at the prison was considered a privilege for inmates. Those who earned privileges were employed in the Model Industries Building and New Industries Building during the day, actively involved in providing for the military in jobs such as sewing and woodwork, and performing various maintenance and laundry chores.
The prison closed in 1963, but Alcatraz was reopened as a public museum. The island and prison were occupied by Native Americans from 1969 to 1971. It is one of San Francisco's major tourist attractions, attracting some 1.5 million visitors annually. Now operated by the National Park Service's Golden Gate National Recreation Area, the former prison is being restored and maintained.
The main cellhouse was built incorporating some parts of Fort Alcatraz's citadel, a partially fortified barracks from 1859 that had come to be used as a jail during the Civil War for alleged Confederate sympathizers. C. L. Weller, the Chairman of the State Democratic Committee and brother of California Governor John B. Weller was among one of the first prisoners housed there. A new cellhouse was built from 1910 to 1912 on a budget of $250,000 (approximately $7,810,000 in 2023). Upon completion, the 500-foot (150 m) long concrete building was reputedly the longest concrete building in the world at the time. This building was modernized in 1933 and 1934 and became the main cellhouse of the federal penitentiary. The building closed in 1963.
When the new concrete prison was built, many materials were reused in its construction. Iron staircases in the interior and the cellhouse door near the barber's shop at the end of A-block were retained from the old citadel and massive granite blocks originally used as gun mounts were reused as the wharf's bulkheads and retaining walls. Many of the old cell bars were used to reinforce the walls, causing structural problems later due to the fact that many placed near the edge were subject to erosion from the salt air and wind over the years.
After the United States Army's use of the island for over 80 years, it was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons, which hoped an escape-proof jail would help break the crime wave of the 1920s and 1930s. The Department of Justice acquired the Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz on October 12, 1933, and it became a Federal Bureau of Prisons facility in August 1934. $260,000 was spent to modernize and improve it from January 1934. George Hess of the United States Public Health Service was appointed chief medical officer and Edward W. Twitchell became a consultant in psychiatry for Alcatraz in January 1934.
The hospital was checked by three officials from the Marine Hospital of San Francisco. The Bureau of Prisons personnel arrived on Alcatraz in early February; among them was acting chief clerk Loring O. Mills. In April 1934, the old material was removed from the prison; holes were cut in the concrete and 269 cell fronts were installed, built using four carloads of steel ordered from the Stewart Iron Works.
Two of four new stairways were built, as were 12 doors to the utility corridors and gratings at the top of the cells. On 26 April, a small accidental fire broke out on the roof and an electrician injured his foot by dropping a manhole cover on it. The Anchor Post Fence Company added fencing around Alcatraz and the Enterprise Electric Works added emergency lighting in the morgue and switchboard operations.
In June 1934, the Teletouch Corporation of New York began the installation of an "electro-magnetic gun or metal detecting system" at Alcatraz; detectors were added on the wharf, at the front entrance into the cellblock, and at the rear entrance gate. The correctional officers were instructed on how to operate the new locking devices in July 1934, and both the United States Coast Guard and the San Francisco Police Department tested the new radio equipment.[9] Final checks and assessments were made on the first two days of August.
Alcatraz Island is a small island 1.25 miles (2.01 km) offshore from San Francisco, California, United States. The island was developed in the mid-19th century with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, and a military prison. In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. The strong currents around the island and cold water temperatures made escape nearly impossible, and the prison became one of the most notorious in American history. The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction.
Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Native Americans, initially primarily from San Francisco, who were later joined by AIM and other urban Indians from other parts of the country, who were part of a wave of Native American activists organizing public protests across the US through the 1970s. In 1972, Alcatraz was transferred to the Department of Interior to become part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Visitors can reach the island by ferry ride from Pier 33, located between the San Francisco Ferry Building and Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco. Hornblower Cruises, operating under the name Alcatraz Cruises, is the official ferry provider to and from the island.
Alcatraz Island is the site of the abandoned federal prison, the oldest operating lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States, early military fortifications, and natural features such as rock pools and a seabird colony (mostly western gulls, cormorants, and egrets). According to a 1971 documentary on the history of Alcatraz, the island measures 1,675 feet (511 m) by 590 feet (180 m) and is 135 feet (41 m) at highest point during mean tide. The total area of the island is reported to be 22 acres (8.9 ha).
Landmarks on the island include the Main Cellhouse, Dining Hall, Lighthouse, the ruins of the Warden's House and Social Hall, Parade Grounds, Building 64, Water Tower, New Industries Building, Model Industries Building, and the Recreation Yard.
San Francisco officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center in Northern California. With a population of 808,437 residents as of 2022, San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of California. The city covers a land area of 46.9 square miles (121 square kilometers) at the end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the second-most densely populated large U.S. city after New York City and the fifth-most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four New York City boroughs. Among the 92 U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco was ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income as of 2022. Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include Frisco, San Fran, The City, and SF (although Frisco and San Fran are generally not used by locals).
Prior to European settlement, the modern city proper was inhabited by the Yelamu, who spoke a language now referred to as Ramaytush Ohlone. On June 29, 1776, settlers from New Spain established the Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate, and the Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, both named for Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, transforming an unimportant hamlet into a busy port, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time; between 1870 and 1900, approximately one quarter of California's population resided in the city proper. In 1856, San Francisco became a consolidated city-county. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, it was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, it was a major port of embarkation for naval service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. In 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed in San Francisco, establishing the United Nations and in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, the rise of the beatnik and hippie countercultures, the sexual revolution, the peace movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
San Francisco and the surrounding San Francisco Bay Area are a global center of economic activity and the arts and sciences, spurred by leading universities, high-tech, healthcare, finance, insurance, real estate, and professional services sectors. As of 2020, the metropolitan area, with 6.7 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP ($874 billion) and 2nd by GDP per capita ($131,082) across the OECD countries, ahead of global cities like Paris, London, and Singapore. San Francisco anchors the 13th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States with 4.6 million residents, and the fourth-largest by aggregate income and economic output, with a GDP of $729 billion in 2022. The wider San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland Combined Statistical Area is the fifth-most populous, with 9.0 million residents, and the third-largest by economic output, with a GDP of $1.32 trillion in 2022. In the same year, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $252.2 billion, and a GDP per capita of $312,000. San Francisco was ranked fifth in the world and second in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2023. Despite an ongoing post-COVID-19 pandemic exodus of over 30 retail businesses from the northeastern quadrant of San Francisco, including the downtown core, the city is still home to numerous companies inside and outside of technology, including Salesforce, Uber, Airbnb, X Corp., Levi's, Gap, Dropbox, and Lyft.
In 2022, San Francisco had more than 1.7 million international visitors - the fifth-most visited city from abroad in the United States after New York City, Miami, Orlando, and Los Angeles - and approximately 20 million domestic visitors for a total of 21.9 million visitors. The city is known for its steep rolling hills and eclectic mix of architecture across varied neighborhoods, as well as its cool summers, fog, and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, and Alcatraz, along with the Chinatown and Mission districts. The city is home to a number of educational and cultural institutions, such as the University of California, San Francisco, the University of San Francisco, San Francisco State University, the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, the de Young Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the San Francisco Symphony, the San Francisco Ballet, the San Francisco Opera, the SFJAZZ Center, and the California Academy of Sciences. Two major league sports teams, the San Francisco Giants and the Golden State Warriors, play their home games within San Francisco proper. San Francisco's main international airport offers flights to over 125 destinations while a light rail and bus network, in tandem with the BART and Caltrain systems, connects nearly every part of San Francisco with the wider region.
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The economy of the state of California is the largest in the United States, with a $3.4 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind Germany and ahead of India, as well as the 37th most populous. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.5 trillion respectively as of 2020). The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people.
Prior to European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America and contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire. In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence, but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to dramatic social and demographic changes, including large-scale immigration into California, a worldwide economic boom, and the California genocide of indigenous people. The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850, following the Compromise of 1850.
Notable contributions to popular culture, for example in entertainment and sports, have their origins in California. The state also has made noteworthy contributions in the fields of communication, information, innovation, environmentalism, economics, and politics. It is the home of Hollywood, the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, which has had a profound influence upon global entertainment. It is considered the origin of the hippie counterculture, beach and car culture, and the personal computer, among other innovations. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as the centers of the global technology and film industries, respectively. California's economy is very diverse: 58% of it is based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy, California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state. California's ports and harbors handle about a third of all U.S. imports, most originating in Pacific Rim international trade.
The state's extremely diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast and metropolitan areas in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, and from the redwood and Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. California is well known for its warm Mediterranean climate and monsoon seasonal weather. The large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains.
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during at least the last 13,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. Various estimates of the native population have ranged from 100,000 to 300,000. The indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct ethnic groups, inhabiting environments from mountains and deserts to islands and redwood forests. These groups were also diverse in their political organization, with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered social and economic relationships between many groups.
The first Europeans to explore the coast of California were the members of a Spanish maritime expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Cabrillo was commissioned by Antonio de Mendoza, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island. Privateer and explorer Francis Drake explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579, landing north of the future city of San Francisco. Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain, putting ashore in Monterey. Despite the on-the-ground explorations of California in the 16th century, Rodríguez's idea of California as an island persisted. Such depictions appeared on many European maps well into the 18th century.
The Portolá expedition of 1769-70 was a pivotal event in the Spanish colonization of California, resulting in the establishment of numerous missions, presidios, and pueblos. The military and civil contingent of the expedition was led by Gaspar de Portolá, who traveled over land from Sonora into California, while the religious component was headed by Junípero Serra, who came by sea from Baja California. In 1769, Portolá and Serra established Mission San Diego de Alcalá and the Presidio of San Diego, the first religious and military settlements founded by the Spanish in California. By the end of the expedition in 1770, they would establish the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo on Monterey Bay.
After the Portolà expedition, Spanish missionaries led by Father-President Serra set out to establish 21 Spanish missions of California along El Camino Real ("The Royal Road") and along the Californian coast, 16 sites of which having been chosen during the Portolá expedition. Numerous major cities in California grew out of missions, including San Francisco (Mission San Francisco de Asís), San Diego (Mission San Diego de Alcalá), Ventura (Mission San Buenaventura), or Santa Barbara (Mission Santa Barbara), among others.
Juan Bautista de Anza led a similarly important expedition throughout California in 1775–76, which would extend deeper into the interior and north of California. The Anza expedition selected numerous sites for missions, presidios, and pueblos, which subsequently would be established by settlers. Gabriel Moraga, a member of the expedition, would also christen many of California's prominent rivers with their names in 1775–1776, such as the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River. After the expedition, Gabriel's son, José Joaquín Moraga, would found the pueblo of San Jose in 1777, making it the first civilian-established city in California.
The Spanish founded Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the Californian missions.
During this same period, sailors from the Russian Empire explored along the northern coast of California. In 1812, the Russian-American Company established a trading post and small fortification at Fort Ross on the North Coast. Fort Ross was primarily used to supply Russia's Alaskan colonies with food supplies. The settlement did not meet much success, failing to attract settlers or establish long term trade viability, and was abandoned by 1841.
During the War of Mexican Independence, Alta California was largely unaffected and uninvolved in the revolution, though many Californios supported independence from Spain, which many believed had neglected California and limited its development. Spain's trade monopoly on California had limited the trade prospects of Californians. Following Mexican independence, Californian ports were freely able to trade with foreign merchants. Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá presided over the transition from Spanish colonial rule to independent.
In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave the Mexican Empire (which included California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico, which shortly after independence became a republic. The missions, which controlled most of the best land in the state, were secularized by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government. The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge ranchos or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants. Beef did not become a commodity until the 1849 California Gold Rush.
From the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. The early government of the newly independent Mexico was highly unstable, and in a reflection of this, from 1831 onwards, California also experienced a series of armed disputes, both internal and with the central Mexican government. During this tumultuous political period Juan Bautista Alvarado was able to secure the governorship during 1836–1842. The military action which first brought Alvarado to power had momentarily declared California to be an independent state, and had been aided by Anglo-American residents of California, including Isaac Graham. In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to the Graham Affair, which was resolved in part with the intercession of Royal Navy officials.
One of the largest ranchers in California was John Marsh. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, the soil, and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known as "Marsh's route". His letters were read, reread, passed around, and printed in newspapers throughout the country, and started the first wagon trains rolling to California. He invited immigrants to stay on his ranch until they could get settled, and assisted in their obtaining passports.
After ushering in the period of organized emigration to California, Marsh became involved in a military battle between the much-hated Mexican general, Manuel Micheltorena and the California governor he had replaced, Juan Bautista Alvarado. The armies of each met at the Battle of Providencia near Los Angeles. Marsh had been forced against his will to join Micheltorena's army. Ignoring his superiors, during the battle, he signaled the other side for a parley. There were many settlers from the United States fighting on both sides. He convinced these men that they had no reason to be fighting each other. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born Pio Pico was returned to the governorship. This paved the way to California's ultimate acquisition by the United States.
In 1846, a group of American settlers in and around Sonoma rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterward, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's only president was William B. Ide,[65] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. This revolt by American settlers served as a prelude to the later American military invasion of California and was closely coordinated with nearby American military commanders.
The California Republic was short-lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–48).
Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay in 1846 and began the U.S. military invasion of California, with Northern California capitulating in less than a month to the United States forces. In Southern California, Californios continued to resist American forces. Notable military engagements of the conquest include the Battle of San Pasqual and the Battle of Dominguez Rancho in Southern California, as well as the Battle of Olómpali and the Battle of Santa Clara in Northern California. After a series of defensive battles in the south, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing a censure and establishing de facto American control in California.
Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (February 2, 1848) that ended the war, the westernmost portion of the annexed Mexican territory of Alta California soon became the American state of California, and the remainder of the old territory was then subdivided into the new American Territories of Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah. The even more lightly populated and arid lower region of old Baja California remained as a part of Mexico. In 1846, the total settler population of the western part of the old Alta California had been estimated to be no more than 8,000, plus about 100,000 Native Americans, down from about 300,000 before Hispanic settlement in 1769.
In 1848, only one week before the official American annexation of the area, gold was discovered in California, this being an event which was to forever alter both the state's demographics and its finances. Soon afterward, a massive influx of immigration into the area resulted, as prospectors and miners arrived by the thousands. The population burgeoned with United States citizens, Europeans, Chinese and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By the time of California's application for statehood in 1850, the settler population of California had multiplied to 100,000. By 1854, more than 300,000 settlers had come. Between 1847 and 1870, the population of San Francisco increased from 500 to 150,000.
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in Monterey from 1777 until 1845. Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, had briefly moved the capital to Los Angeles in 1845. The United States consulate had also been located in Monterey, under consul Thomas O. Larkin.
In 1849, a state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the U.S. Congress for admission to statehood. On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California became a free state and September 9 a state holiday.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), California sent gold shipments eastward to Washington in support of the Union. However, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army were unofficially associated with the state of California, such as the "California 100 Company", due to a majority of their members being from California.
At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. Nineteen years later, and seven years after it was greenlighted by President Lincoln, the First transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. California was then reachable from the eastern States in a week's time.
Much of the state was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
In the nineteenth century, a large number of migrants from China traveled to the state as part of the Gold Rush or to seek work. Even though the Chinese proved indispensable in building the transcontinental railroad from California to Utah, perceived job competition with the Chinese led to anti-Chinese riots in the state, and eventually the US ended migration from China partially as a response to pressure from California with the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act.
Under earlier Spanish and Mexican rule, California's original native population had precipitously declined, above all, from Eurasian diseases to which the indigenous people of California had not yet developed a natural immunity. Under its new American administration, California's harsh governmental policies towards its own indigenous people did not improve. As in other American states, many of the native inhabitants were soon forcibly removed from their lands by incoming American settlers such as miners, ranchers, and farmers. Although California had entered the American union as a free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians" were de facto enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. There were also massacres in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed.
Between 1850 and 1860, the California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government) to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In later decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them. As a result, the rise of California was a calamity for the native inhabitants. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.
In the twentieth century, thousands of Japanese people migrated to the US and California specifically to attempt to purchase and own land in the state. However, the state in 1913 passed the Alien Land Act, excluding Asian immigrants from owning land. During World War II, Japanese Americans in California were interned in concentration camps such as at Tule Lake and Manzanar. In 2020, California officially apologized for this internment.
Migration to California accelerated during the early 20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to the greatest in the Union. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6.0% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 89.5% non-Hispanic white.
To meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. California manufactured 8.7 percent of total United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking third (behind New York and Michigan) among the 48 states. California however easily ranked first in production of military ships during the war (transport, cargo, [merchant ships] such as Liberty ships, Victory ships, and warships) at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area. After World War II, California's economy greatly expanded due to strong aerospace and defense industries, whose size decreased following the end of the Cold War. Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley. As a result of these efforts, California is regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the United States center of agricultural production. Just before the Dot Com Bust, California had the fifth-largest economy in the world among nations.
In the mid and late twentieth century, a number of race-related incidents occurred in the state. Tensions between police and African Americans, combined with unemployment and poverty in inner cities, led to violent riots, such as the 1965 Watts riots and 1992 Rodney King riots. California was also the hub of the Black Panther Party, a group known for arming African Americans to defend against racial injustice and for organizing free breakfast programs for schoolchildren. Additionally, Mexican, Filipino, and other migrant farm workers rallied in the state around Cesar Chavez for better pay in the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 20th century, two great disasters happened in California. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1928 St. Francis Dam flood remain the deadliest in U.S. history.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze known as "smog" has been substantially abated after the passage of federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
An energy crisis in 2001 led to rolling blackouts, soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric Company came under heavy criticism.
Housing prices in urban areas continued to increase; a modest home which in the 1960s cost $25,000 would cost half a million dollars or more in urban areas by 2005. More people commuted longer hours to afford a home in more rural areas while earning larger salaries in the urban areas. Speculators bought houses they never intended to live in, expecting to make a huge profit in a matter of months, then rolling it over by buying more properties. Mortgage companies were compliant, as everyone assumed the prices would keep rising. The bubble burst in 2007–8 as housing prices began to crash and the boom years ended. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared as many financial institutions and investors were badly hurt.
In the twenty-first century, droughts and frequent wildfires attributed to climate change have occurred in the state. From 2011 to 2017, a persistent drought was the worst in its recorded history. The 2018 wildfire season was the state's deadliest and most destructive, most notably Camp Fire.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze that is known as "smog" has been substantially abated thanks to federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
One of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States that occurred in California was first of which was confirmed on January 26, 2020. Meaning, all of the early confirmed cases were persons who had recently travelled to China in Asia, as testing was restricted to this group. On this January 29, 2020, as disease containment protocols were still being developed, the U.S. Department of State evacuated 195 persons from Wuhan, China aboard a chartered flight to March Air Reserve Base in Riverside County, and in this process, it may have granted and conferred to escalated within the land and the US at cosmic. On February 5, 2020, the U.S. evacuated 345 more citizens from Hubei Province to two military bases in California, Travis Air Force Base in Solano County and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, San Diego, where they were quarantined for 14 days. A state of emergency was largely declared in this state of the nation on March 4, 2020, and as of February 24, 2021, remains in effect. A mandatory statewide stay-at-home order was issued on March 19, 2020, due to increase, which was ended on January 25, 2021, allowing citizens to return to normal life. On April 6, 2021, the state announced plans to fully reopen the economy by June 15, 2021.
Spain's striker David Villa (front) and Paraguay's defender Paulo da Silva eye the ball during the 2010 World Cup quarter-final football match Paraguay vs. Spain on July 3, 2010 at Ellis Park stadium in Johannesburg. NO PUSH TO MOBILE / MOBILE USE SOLELY WITHIN EDITORIAL ARTICLE - AFP PHOTO / JUAN MABROMATA (Photo credit should read JUAN MABROMATA/AFP/Getty Images)
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Vista de l'Albufera de València a poqueta nit. L'espill de llum solar que es forma sobre les aigües és conegut localment com El Lluent (lluent).
L'Albufera de València és una llacuna costanera succinta (profunditat mitjana d'1 m) situada en la costa mediterrània al sud de la ciutat de València. Té una extensió de 23,94 ICM, i està rodejada de 223 ICM d'arrossars.[2] La seua conca hidrogràfica té una extensió de 917,1 ICM, que s'estén des del nivell del mar fins una altitud d'uns 1.000 msnm. Està separada del mar per una estreta barra litoral (restinga) arenosa amb dunes estabilitzades per un bosc de pins (Devesa del Saler). L'Albufera és una zona de pas per a moltes espècies d'aus migratòries.
El seu valor ecològic és molt gran ja que ací es troben espècies de gran valor ecològic en perill d'extinció, com el Fartet o el Samaruc. A més és una de les poques Albuferes que es conserven en bon estat a la Comunitat Valenciana, la costa de la qual antigament estava formada per una successió d'albuferes i marjals. Hui en dia encara es poden veure la successió de marjals en tota la costa valenciana, encara que més xicotet que l'Albufera de València, des de la marjal de Pego-Oliva, la marjal de Xeraco, la marjal de Rafalell i Vistabella a Massamagrell, la marjal del moro a Puçol-Sagunt, o la marjal d'Almenara, entre altres.
Vista de la Albufera de Valencia al atardecer. El espejo de luz solar que se forma sobre las aguas es conocido localmente como El Lluent (reluciente).
La Albufera de Valencia es una laguna costera somera (profundidad media de 1 m) situada en la costa mediterránea al sur de la ciudad de Valencia. Tiene una extensión de 23,94 Km², y está rodeada de 223 Km² de arrozales.[2] Su cuenca hidrográfica tiene una extensión de 917,1 Km², que se extiende desde el nivel del mar hasta una altitud de unos 1.000 msnm. Está separada del mar por una estrecha barra litoral (restinga) arenosa con dunas estabilizadas por un bosque de pinos (Dehesa del Saler). La Albufera es una zona de paso para muchas especies de aves migratorias.
Su valor ecológico es muy grande ya que aquí se encuentran especies de gran valor ecológico en peligro de extinción, como el Fartet o el Samaruc. Además es una de las pocas Albuferas que se conservan en buen estado en la Comunidad Valenciana, cuya costa antiguamente estaba formada por una sucesión de albuferas y marjales. Hoy en día aún se pueden ver la sucesión de marjales en toda la costa valenciana, aunque de menor tamaño que la Albufera de Valencia, desde el marjal de Pego-Oliva, el marjal de Jaraco, el marjal de Rafalell y Vistabella en Masamagrell, el marjal del moro en Puzol-Sagunto, o el marjal de Almenara, entre otros.
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I've teamed up with Jake Blanchard for this joint exhibition Hylozoism. A journey of ancient majestic tribes, beasts and even the odd artefact or two.
here's most of what was shown for now
We find that Craft & Design pupils often have difficulty remembering the sequence of operations involved when making a simple screwdriver handle. These photographs depict this process.
We begin with the preparation of the 25mm aluminium blank. After this the blank is held in the 3 jaw self centering chuck. A series of turning operations is then carried out. For the following we set a high spindle speed and used a slow feed speed for best results. Shown here we show facing off. Then turning down or parallel turning. Next taper turning. After that the Slocombe bit or centre bit is mounted in a Jacob's chuck and a pilot hole is drilled. A HSS twist drill or jobber bit is then mounted in the Jacob's chuck and a blind hole is drilled to a depth of 30mm. The depth gauge is used to judge this.
Taps and dies are used to cut the internal thread on the screwdriver blade and the internal thread on the handle.
Finally both components are assembled and the handle is knurled or given a textured grip pattern. This is done at a very low spindle speed and a slow automatic feed speed.
Use PC version of flickr to download full files. Credit www.instagram.com/waterbloggged -- photos are for athletes, parents, coaches, schools
Use for stock photography available on: www.lightstock.com/users/anilynn-photography
Using the panorama feature of the Sony RX100..Works well I think..also used the new really useful feature..Upright..In lightroom 5 beta
Coronation Aerial Post
On 9th September 1911, Gustav Hamel took off from Hendon Aerodrome in his frail Bleriot monoplane to inaugurate the first United Kingdom aerial post and landed in Windsor 12½ minutes later. The flight was organised to carry special mail celebrating the Coronation of George V.
Within a few years airmail services became well established and between 1930 and 1938 special blue post boxes like this commemorative one were used for posting air letters.
The service was suspended at the outbreak of WW2 and never reintroduced.
Stamp vending machines were withdrawn from use in 1980.
Oh, and the regular post box is out of use too...
Relics from the past in Windsor High Street.