View allAll Photos Tagged usability
Used as a raw material in the manufacture of soap, detergent, textiles and paper, in water softening and treatment, petroleum products refining, in sanitation and hygiene products, and in the food and drug industry, etc.
Price: competitive price with super quality
Caustic Soda Prills (Sodium hydroxide) CAS NO.: 1310-73-2
Molecular formula: NaOH
Appearance: white
SODIUM HYDROXIDE: 98.5% Min.
CHLORIDE (AS CL): 0.04% Max.
IRON (Fe): 0.008% Max.
NaCO3: 0.8% Max.
Prill Size: average 1 mm.
Appearance: white bead/pearl
Package: 25kgs PP bag
More inorganic compound at credit-chemical.com
The SU-100 was a Soviet casemate-style tank destroyer. It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years afterwards with the armies of Soviet allies around the world.
It was developed in 1944 as an improvement to the SU-85, built on the same chassis as the T-34-85 tank. It was designed and built at the UZTM (Russian abbreviature УЗТМ for Уральский Завод Тяжелого Машиностроения – Ural Heavy Machinery Factory, also called Uralmash) in Yekaterinburg. The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be among the best self-propelled anti-tank guns of World War II, able to penetrate 125 mm (4.9 in) of vertical armor from a range of 2,000 m (1.2 mi) and the sloped 85 mm (3.3 in) front armor of the German Panther from 1,500 m (0.93 mi).[citation needed] The development was conducted under supervision of L. I. Gorlitskiy, chief designer of all medium Soviet self-propelled guns. The work started in February 1944 and first prototype of SU-100, called "Object 138", was built in March. After intensive testing with different models of 100 mm gun Soviet engineers approved the D-10S gun for mass production. This gun was developed in Constructors Bureau of Artillery Factory No. 9 under guidance of F. F. Petrov. After the Second World War it was installed on T-54 and T-55 tanks and its derivatives were in service forty years after initial development. The hull of SU-100 had major improvements over the SU-85; the thickness of the front armour was increased from 45 to 75 mm (1.8 to 3.0 in), and the commander's workplace was made in a small sponson on the right side of the hull; combined with the commander's cupola this greatly improved the commander's effectiveness. For better ventilation two ventilator units were installed, instead of only one as in the SU-85. Mass production began in September 1944.
The SU-100 saw extensive service during the last year of the war. It was used en masse in Hungary in March 1945, when Soviet forces defeated the German Operation Frühlingserwachen offensive at Lake Balaton. By July 1945, 2,335 SU-100s had been built.
The vehicle remained in service with the Red Army well after the war; production continued in the Soviet Union until 1947 and into the 1950s in Czechoslovakia. It was withdrawn from Soviet service in 1957 but many vehicles were transferred to reserve stocks. Some exist to this day in the Russian Army holding facilities.
Many Warsaw Pact countries also used the SU-100, as did Soviet allies such as Egypt, Angola and Cuba. A few SU-100 were delivered to Yugoslavia after the war, under the designation M-44.[1] The SU-100 saw service in the fighting that accompanied the 1956 Suez Crisis, in which the Egyptians used SU-100s against Israel's M4 Sherman tanks. The vehicle was also utilized in the 1967 Six-Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. It was modified slightly to adapt it to the sandy conditions of the Middle East, thus creating the SU-100M variant. Exported SU-100s continued in service until the 1970s, and in some countries, even later. Yugoslavs used them during the civil war however due to lack of spare parts they were quickly retired, but performed satisfactorily. The SU-100 remains in use by the Vietnam People's Army and the Korean People's Army Ground Force despite the age of the design.
SU-100s entered service with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China after 1 December 1950 when Soviet forces left Dalian. The armaments in Dalian were sold to China, including 99 SU-100s, 18 IS-2 heavy tanks, 16 T-54s and 224 T-34s, with which PLA formed its 1st Mechanised Division.
(Text Wikipedia)
© 2010 Paul L. Csizmadia All Rights Reserved No Use Allowed without Permission
The Coast Guard Cutter 'Apalachee' (WYT-71) enjoys a little morning sun on the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio.
Apalachee was commissioned on 26 November 1943. She was the first of her class to enter service, and was assigned to Baltimore, where she served through 1984. She was used for law enforcement and search and rescue patrols, fire fighting and light icebreaking when needed.
From 11 to 12 June 1965 she assisted in fighting the fire aboard the Columbian motor vessel Ciudad de Nieva near Baltimore. On 13 February 1968 she assisted in fighting a fire on Pier 5 in Baltimore. On 4 June 1969 she assisted in fighting the fire aboard the motor vessel Provence Town, again near Baltimore.
She transferred to Portland, Maine on 17 September 1984 where she served until she was decommissioned on 11 April 1986.
The U.S. Coast Guard Tug Association brought the former Coast Guard Cutter Apalachee (WYTM-71) to Cleveland in June of 2009 to be restored and presented as a maritime and Coast Guard museum ship. The Apalachee is a 110-ft icebreaking tug and the sister ship to the USCGC Kaw, which hailed from Cleveland for many years; the latter having provided icebreaking services for, among many others, the steamship William G. Mather, a museum ship currently in Cleveland, for many years.
It is hoped that the Apalachee will become an important attraction to Cleveland’s Lakefront revitalization project. As a USCG museum, a platform for educational opportunities, and a working venue for organizations such as the Sea Scouts, Navy Sea Cadets, Coast Guard Auxiliary, Coast Guard and Navy reserves, the Apalachee will become an important destination in Cleveland’s already growing harbor front attractions.
Using the 6.5 creedmore in a 14+1 magazine, this DMR is meant to take targets at ranges between 1-300 metres. Uses a custom handguard that helps heat dissapation so it can be used for supporting fire without overheating. Has a free floating, colbalt alloy barrel and custom stock to help accuracy.
Hope you like it :)
using admit one and hello sunshine. Tfl!
wingsofabutterfly-vanessa.blogspot.de/2015/02/watercolor-...
Airbus uses wingtip fences on its planes which are similar to winglets found on other planes. They help improve fuel economy by reducing drag from the air flow around the wing tip. The pointy things coming off of them are static wicks, which help dissipate or reduce static buildup which could interfere with electronics. All aircraft have these.
This photo was taken while onboard a Northwest Airlines flight cruising at 35,000 feet. The plane was N353NB, an Airbus A319-114.
Used in the film 'A Clockwork Orange' by Malcolm McDowell's character Alex DeLarge as he roamed the city violently murdering people, the M-505 Adams Brothers Probe 16 is one of the lowest cars ever built, at a height of only 34 inches and powered by an engine form an Austin 1800 'Land Crab'.
The car was also featured in an episode of Top Gear during their 'Restoration Rip-Off' period, but was outvoted by Paddy Hopkirk's Mini, but has since been restored fully. The car however is a little basic for my taste, but great for a wandering gang of misfits who indulge in violent crime...
Speaking of which, has anyone ever noticed how Malcolm McDowell keeps ending up in highly controversial movies? When he's not beating and raping couples whilst reciting 'Singin' in the Rain' in Clockwork Orange, he's beating and raping couples in Caligula, or he's wrecking havoc in a boy's boarding school in 'If...'
used the leftover malabrigo from the baby jacket to make a hat too.
pattern: noggin by corrvin smith
yarn: malabrigo (olive)
needles: US 7
on ravelry here.
I could sure use a pick me up right now.
This was taken at a bakery in Williamsburg called Baked. If I don't get into grad school opening up a bakery is one of my many Plan B's.
Man, I really need to stop posting so much. As you can see my mind keeps running overtime. At this rate I'm going to need a Pro account soon!
Hopefully this will be the last thought of the day. So, I was stalking my roommate's tumblr and she wrote something that I absolutely loved and it's the downright TRUTH. I loved it so much that I need to share it. I'm basically gonna copy and paste it because I couldn't have said it better.
You Boys are Idiots
"When the going gets tough, MAN UP. Don’t just pick the easy way out and give up. Don’t run away. Try and REALLY TRY. Don’t just say that you’ll try and not try. TRY for goodness sake! When that’s not enough TRY HARDER!! Don’t use God and His will as an excuse for your laziness and cowardice unless you’re really sure He told you so. If He didn’t, at least man up to your own short comings and admit that you’re giving up because of you, not because of God. I’m sure He wouldn’t appreciate you using Him like that either.
We’re good catches. We deserve it. We’re good for you too. But the point is, we want to be there for you. One beauty of a relationship is that you make us better and we make you better. One beauty of a God centered relationship is that God makes us both better. We want to be there with you and fight it out together. We don’t need you to be perfect. We’re not perfect. We just want you to commit and try to make it work. We just want to try with you TOGETHER.
Boys, read this - whether you’re in a relationship, single, looking, or claiming celibacy - read it for the sake of yourselves and your significant other - she may even become your wife.
jaesonma.com/365-days-of-love-day-284-the-5-pillars-of-ma...
(Disclaimer: Definitely not saying that women don’t have their own parts to play either. And don’t agree with every single word of this (like first date comment), but generally the important main points are legit.)
It’s Not About Finding the Right Man/Woman. It’s About Being the Right Man/Woman."
Using two wheels from a watch mechanism as Spinning Tops
This photo is exclusively licensed to Getty Images!
I use these magazines from www.MagCloud.com to promote my work to my bridal clients. It has pages on pricing, pages albums, examples of my images and pricing for my additional products like frames.
If you would like to see the full layout, head to magcloud.com/browse/Issue/65135 . Scroll down until you see the black and white cover and click preview.
The quality of these are EXCELLENT!!! They are on matt paper with a very slight gloss. I also fell in love with them when I found out you could buy them in singles. There is no minimum order amount!!
The price depends on the number of pages you add, but these cost me about $6.40 a piece to order.
I normally use the Mapo recipe I blogged about at: Kok Robin, but yesterday I used Fuchsia Dunlop's recipe. No garlic, no ginger, no shaoxing. But with fermented black beans and I used the original Pixian chilibeanpaste. It tasted pretty much as usual: hot, spicy, numbing, just great!
Ingredients:
1 package of silken tofu
4-6 spring onion
1/2 cup peanut oil
200g ground beef
2.5 T chili bean paste
1 T fermented black beans (rinsed)
1 T ground Sichuanese chiles
200ml chickenstock
1 t white sugar
2 t light soy sauce
1 T cornstarch mixed with cold water
1 T roasted Sichuan pepper
Directions:
1. Cut the tofu into 1.5 - 2 cm cubes. Be careful not to break them.
2. Slice the spring onion.
3. Heat the wok, add oil, then brown the beef.
4. Turn down the heat to medium, add the chili bean paste and stir-fry for about 30-60 seconds.
5. Add the black beans and ground chili and stir-fry for 20-30 seconds.
6. Pour in the stock, the sugar and soy sauce.
7. Add the tofu cubes. Gently mix so to not break up the tofu too much.
8. Simmer for 5 minutes.
9. Add enough of the cornstarch mixture to thicken the sauce.
10. Add the spring onions, stir them in.
11. Sprinkle with sichuan pepper.
Bovenstaand recept kun je ook in het Nederlands lezen op Aziatische-ingredienten.nl
(ccc-4-8-2011)
The first trulli showed up in the prehistoric age; they had already been present in settlement in the Itria Valley. Tholos, typical constructions used to bury the deceased, also began to spread over the same territory.
Still, the oldest trulli we know of today are at Alberobello, dating back to the 14th Century: it was during this period that what seemed but an uninhabited land was assigned to the ownership of the first Count of Conversano by Robert d’Anjou, Prince of Taranto and then King of Naples from 1309 to 1343. The tract of land was given as a reward to the young Anjou noble for his service during the Crusades. Soon after, the area was repopulated with entire feudal settlements, transferred from nearby (like that of Noci).
According to some research, however, rural settlements had already risen up around the year 1000, on both sides of a river that now runs underground. The habitations gradually grew into villages, later called Aja Piccola and Monti.
The trullo’s dry-wall construction, without mortar, was imposed on new settlers so that they could dismantle their shelters in a hurry: an efficient means to evade taxes on new settlements under the Kingdom of Naples, and certainly a good way to deter unruly lords. Yet most historians agree that this building technique came about due to the area’s geographical conditions, abundant with the limestone we now see in these constructions.
Around the middle part of the 16th Century, the community of Monti was already occupied by about 40 trulli, but it was only circa 1620 that Alberobello acquied the physiognomy of a settlement that was independent from neighboring Noci. It counted a population of 3,500 towards the end of the 18th Century. In 1797, the village obtained the title of "Royal City" from the King of Naples, Ferdinand IV de Bourbon. The city derived its name from the Latin phrase silva arboris belli, that is “wood of the tree of war.”
Not to Miss in Alberobello
Monti: A district consisting of 1, 030 trulli, including the ‘trulli siamesi’, characterized by a double facade, a double pinnacle, a low hearth, and no windows.
Aja Piccola: A borgo made up of a network if tiny streets and alleyways.
Trullo Sovrano: A unique trullo on two levels, today housing a museum. Address: Piazza Sacramento 10, 70011 Alberobello (BA)
Church of Sant’Antonio: In trullo form, and featuring a monumental entrance and a staircase overarched by a rose window. The church is in Greek cross plan, with lateral chapels and a bell tower, and a cloister vault roof. Address: Via Monte Pertica,70011 Alberobello (BA)
The House of Love: The first house constructed in lime, in 1797, today it is the office of tourism. Address: Via Monte Nero 3, 70011, Alberobello (BA)
Sanctuary of Holy Doctors: Dedicated to doctors and Saints Cosmas and Damian, it holds their relics and the painting The Madonna of Lore
in the LOOP 5 shopping center near Frankfurt you will find these nice ladies on the toilet - untouchable behind glas.
here it's in use..................
Use PC version of flickr to download full files. Credit www.instagram.com/waterbloggged -- photos are for athletes, parents, coaches, schools
Designer: Qi Shuyan, Political Work Group of the Revolutionary Committee of the Railroad Factory Collective Work, (戚墅堰，铁路工厂革命委员会政工组供稿)
1971, March
Use and study Chairman Mao's glorious philosophical thought in a big way
Daxue dayong Mao zhuxi guanghui zhexue sixiang (大学大用毛主席光辉哲学思想)
Call nr.: BG E13/706 (Landsberger collection)
Using the new words die ( sssd112418 )with the beautiful large stitched maple ( S686 ) from #simonsaysstamp to complete this handmade greeting card.
Use for stock photography available on: www.lightstock.com/users/anilynn-photography
Using the panorama feature of the Sony RX100..Works well I think..also used the new really useful feature..Upright..In lightroom 5 beta
The astronaut transfer van, known as the Astrovan during the Space Shuttle era, was a NASA vehicle used at the Kennedy Space Center to transport astronauts from the Operations and Checkout Building to the launch pad before a mission and for launch dress rehearsals, and back to the Operations and Checkout Building following a shuttle landing.
According to driver Ronnie King, the early shuttle astronauts liked the history-filled vehicle, even if it was somewhat old, and even argued against upgrading the vehicle. "We were staged to get a new one," King said, and added that word came that the rookie astronauts wanted to keep the vehicle that was a tradition of the astronauts who traveled those nine miles to the pad before them.
During the twenty-minute drive to the launch pad for shuttle launches, the Astrovan usually stopped at least once along the way. An astronaut rode with the crew and was let off near the Vehicle Assembly Building to board the Shuttle Training Aircraft and assess local weather conditions. Senior NASA managers occasionally rode along as well, and were dropped off at the Launch Control Center.
During Project Mercury a modified semi truck and trailer was used to transport astronauts to the launch pads LC-5 and LC-14.
During Project Gemini a fleet of converted delivery vans were used to transport astronauts to the launch pad LC-19.
A modified Clark-Cortez motorhome was used to transport Apollo-era crews to the launch pad, beginning with Apollo 7 in 1967 and continuing through the Apollo–Soyuz launch in 1975. This vehicle remained in use through STS-6, and is now on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex's Apollo/Saturn V Center.
An Itasca Suncruiser M-22RB was used to transport the STS-7 and STS-8 astronauts to the launch pad, as the size of shuttle crews had increased.
A modified 1983 Airstream Excella motorhome, popularly known as the Astrovan, was used from STS-9 through the final Space Shuttle mission (STS-135), and is also on display at the KSC Visitor Center.
On October 21, 2019, the Boeing Company and Airstream announced Astrovan II, a modified Airstream Atlas (with a Mercedes-Benz Sprinter chassis) touring coach to carry Boeing commercial crew astronauts to the launch pad where they will board the CST-100 Starliner on their way to the International Space Station. Astrovan II has seating for up to eight (including the driver), and was built at Airstream's Jackson Center, Ohio production facility.
SpaceX does not use a van to transport astronauts for the SpaceX Dragon 2 missions, instead using a set of specially made Tesla Model X cars.
On April 13, 2022, NASA announced that Canoo Technologies Inc would build three new crew transportation vehicles designed to take the fully suited astronauts, their support team, and their equipment on the nine-mile stretch of road from the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building to the launch pad for the Artemis program.
In Russia and China cosmonauts and taikonauts have always relied on a bus to take them to the Launch Pad.
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of American spaceflight, research, and technology. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from the then-Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization, the Launch Operations Directorate. Starting with the fourth Gemini mission, the NASA launch control center in Florida (Mercury Control Center, later the Launch Control Center) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston, shortly after liftoff; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission.
Additionally, the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and in-situ resource utilization for off-Earth exploration. Since 2010, the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships, even adding a new launch pad (LC-39C) in 2015.
There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped throughout the center's 144,000 acres (580 km2). Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC, the Operations and Checkout Building, which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area, a Space Station factory, and a 3-mile (4.8 km) long Shuttle Landing Facility. There is also a Visitor Complex on site that is open to the public.
Since 1949, the military had been performing launch operations at what would become Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. In December 1959, the Department of Defense transferred 5,000 personnel and the Missile Firing Laboratory to NASA to become the Launch Operations Directorate under NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 required an expansion of launch operations. On July 1, 1962, the Launch Operations Directorate was separated from MSFC to become the Launch Operations Center (LOC). Also, Cape Canaveral was inadequate to host the new launch facility design required for the mammoth 363-foot (111 m) tall, 7,500,000-pound-force (33,000 kN) thrust Saturn V rocket, which would be assembled vertically in a large hangar and transported on a mobile platform to one of several launch pads. Therefore, the decision was made to build a new LOC site located adjacent to Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island.
NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to 131 square miles (340 km2) and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional 87 square miles (230 km2). The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman. Construction began in November 1962, and Kennedy visited the site twice in 1962, and again just a week before his assassination on November 22, 1963.
On November 29, 1963, the facility was named by President Lyndon B. Johnson under Executive Order 11129. Johnson's order joined both the civilian LOC and the military Cape Canaveral station ("the facilities of Station No. 1 of the Atlantic Missile Range") under the designation "John F. Kennedy Space Center", spawning some confusion joining the two in the public mind. NASA Administrator James E. Webb clarified this by issuing a directive stating the Kennedy Space Center name applied only to the LOC, while the Air Force issued a general order renaming the military launch site Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast, due east of Orlando. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly six miles (9.7 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). KSC is a major central Florida tourist destination and is approximately one hour's drive from the Orlando area. The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers public tours of the center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
From 1967 through 1973, there were 13 Saturn V launches, including the ten remaining Apollo missions after Apollo 7. The first of two uncrewed flights, Apollo 4 (Apollo-Saturn 501) on November 9, 1967, was also the first rocket launch from KSC. The Saturn V's first crewed launch on December 21, 1968, was Apollo 8's lunar orbiting mission. The next two missions tested the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (Earth orbit) and Apollo 10 (lunar orbit). Apollo 11, launched from Pad A on July 16, 1969, made the first Moon landing on July 20. The Apollo 11 launch included crewmembers Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin, and attracted a record-breaking 650 million television viewers. Apollo 12 followed four months later. From 1970 to 1972, the Apollo program concluded at KSC with the launches of missions 13 through 17.
On May 14, 1973, the last Saturn V launch put the Skylab space station in orbit from Pad 39A. By this time, the Cape Kennedy pads 34 and 37 used for the Saturn IB were decommissioned, so Pad 39B was modified to accommodate the Saturn IB, and used to launch three crewed missions to Skylab that year, as well as the final Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975.
As the Space Shuttle was being designed, NASA received proposals for building alternative launch-and-landing sites at locations other than KSC, which demanded study. KSC had important advantages, including its existing facilities; location on the Intracoastal Waterway; and its southern latitude, which gives a velocity advantage to missions launched in easterly near-equatorial orbits. Disadvantages included: its inability to safely launch military missions into polar orbit, since spent boosters would be likely to fall on the Carolinas or Cuba; corrosion from the salt air; and frequent cloudy or stormy weather. Although building a new site at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico was seriously considered, NASA announced its decision in April 1972 to use KSC for the shuttle. Since the Shuttle could not be landed automatically or by remote control, the launch of Columbia on April 12, 1981 for its first orbital mission STS-1, was NASA's first crewed launch of a vehicle that had not been tested in prior uncrewed launches.
In 1976, the VAB's south parking area was the site of Third Century America, a science and technology display commemorating the U.S. Bicentennial. Concurrent with this event, the U.S. flag was painted on the south side of the VAB. During the late 1970s, LC-39 was reconfigured to support the Space Shuttle. Two Orbiter Processing Facilities were built near the VAB as hangars with a third added in the 1980s.
KSC's 2.9-mile (4.7 km) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) was the orbiters' primary end-of-mission landing site, although the first KSC landing did not take place until the tenth flight, when Challenger completed STS-41-B on February 11, 1984; the primary landing site until then was Edwards Air Force Base in California, subsequently used as a backup landing site. The SLF also provided a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) abort option, which was not utilized. The SLF is among the longest runways in the world.
On October 28, 2009, the Ares I-X launch from Pad 39B was the first uncrewed launch from KSC since the Skylab workshop in 1973.
Beginning in 1958, NASA and military worked side by side on robotic mission launches (previously referred to as unmanned), cooperating as they broke ground in the field. In the early 1960s, NASA had as many as two robotic mission launches a month. The frequent number of flights allowed for quick evolution of the vehicles, as engineers gathered data, learned from anomalies and implemented upgrades. In 1963, with the intent of KSC ELV work focusing on the ground support equipment and facilities, a separate Atlas/Centaur organization was formed under NASA's Lewis Center (now Glenn Research Center (GRC)), taking that responsibility from the Launch Operations Center (aka KSC).
Though almost all robotics missions launched from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS), KSC "oversaw the final assembly and testing of rockets as they arrived at the Cape." In 1965, KSC's Unmanned Launch Operations directorate became responsible for all NASA uncrewed launch operations, including those at Vandenberg Space Force Base. From the 1950s to 1978, KSC chose the rocket and payload processing facilities for all robotic missions launching in the U.S., overseeing their near launch processing and checkout. In addition to government missions, KSC performed this service for commercial and foreign missions also, though non-U.S. government entities provided reimbursement. NASA also funded Cape Canaveral Space Force Station launch pad maintenance and launch vehicle improvements.
All this changed with the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, after which NASA only coordinated its own and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ELV launches. Companies were able to "operate their own launch vehicles" and utilize NASA's launch facilities. Payload processing handled by private firms also started to occur outside of KSC. Reagan's 1988 space policy furthered the movement of this work from KSC to commercial companies. That same year, launch complexes on Cape Canaveral Air Force Force Station started transferring from NASA to Air Force Space Command management.
In the 1990s, though KSC was not performing the hands-on ELV work, engineers still maintained an understanding of ELVs and had contracts allowing them insight into the vehicles so they could provide knowledgeable oversight. KSC also worked on ELV research and analysis and the contractors were able to utilize KSC personnel as a resource for technical issues. KSC, with the payload and launch vehicle industries, developed advances in automation of the ELV launch and ground operations to enable competitiveness of U.S. rockets against the global market.
In 1998, the Launch Services Program (LSP) formed at KSC, pulling together programs (and personnel) that already existed at KSC, GRC, Goddard Space Flight Center, and more to manage the launch of NASA and NOAA robotic missions. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and VAFB are the primary launch sites for LSP missions, though other sites are occasionally used. LSP payloads such as the Mars Science Laboratory have been processed at KSC before being transferred to a launch pad on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
On 16 November 2022, at 06:47:44 UTC the Space Launch System (SLS) was launched from Complex 39B as part of the Artemis 1 mission.
As the International Space Station modules design began in the early 1990s, KSC began to work with other NASA centers and international partners to prepare for processing before launch onboard the Space Shuttles. KSC utilized its hands-on experience processing the 22 Spacelab missions in the Operations and Checkout Building to gather expectations of ISS processing. These experiences were incorporated into the design of the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), which began construction in 1991. The Space Station Directorate formed in 1996. KSC personnel were embedded at station module factories for insight into their processes.
From 1997 to 2007, KSC planned and performed on the ground integration tests and checkouts of station modules: three Multi-Element Integration Testing (MEIT) sessions and the Integration Systems Test (IST). Numerous issues were found and corrected that would have been difficult to nearly impossible to do on-orbit.
Today KSC continues to process ISS payloads from across the world before launch along with developing its experiments for on orbit. The proposed Lunar Gateway would be manufactured and processed at the Space Station Processing Facility.
The following are current programs and initiatives at Kennedy Space Center:
Commercial Crew Program
Exploration Ground Systems Program
NASA is currently designing the next heavy launch vehicle known as the Space Launch System (SLS) for continuation of human spaceflight.
On December 5, 2014, NASA launched the first uncrewed flight test of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), currently under development to facilitate human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Launch Services Program
Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa)
Research and Technology
Artemis program
Lunar Gateway
International Space Station Payloads
Camp KSC: educational camps for schoolchildren in spring and summer, with a focus on space, aviation and robotics.
The KSC Industrial Area, where many of the center's support facilities are located, is 5 miles (8 km) south of LC-39. It includes the Headquarters Building, the Operations and Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facility. The astronaut crew quarters are in the O&C; before it was completed, the astronaut crew quarters were located in Hangar S at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station). Located at KSC was the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA), a key radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex.
Facilities at the Kennedy Space Center are directly related to its mission to launch and recover missions. Facilities are available to prepare and maintain spacecraft and payloads for flight. The Headquarters (HQ) Building houses offices for the Center Director, library, film and photo archives, a print shop and security. When the KSC Library first opened, it was part of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. However, in 1965, the library moved into three separate sections in the newly opened NASA headquarters before eventually becoming a single unit in 1970. The library contains over four million items related to the history and the work at Kennedy. As one of ten NASA center libraries in the country, their collection focuses on engineering, science, and technology. The archives contain planning documents, film reels, and original photographs covering the history of KSC. The library is not open to the public but is available for KSC, Space Force, and Navy employees who work on site. Many of the media items from the collection are digitized and available through NASA's KSC Media Gallery Archived December 6, 2020, at the Wayback Machine or through their more up-to-date Flickr gallery.
A new Headquarters Building was completed in 2019 as part of the Central Campus consolidation. Groundbreaking began in 2014.
The center operated its own 17-mile (27 km) short-line railroad. This operation was discontinued in 2015, with the sale of its final two locomotives. A third had already been donated to a museum. The line was costing $1.3 million annually to maintain.
The Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) (previously known as the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building) is a historic site on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places dating back to the 1960s and was used to receive, process, and integrate payloads for the Gemini and Apollo programs, the Skylab program in the 1970s, and for initial segments of the International Space Station through the 1990s. The Apollo and Space Shuttle astronauts would board the astronaut transfer van to launch complex 39 from the O&C building.
The three-story, 457,000-square-foot (42,500 m2) Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) consists of two enormous processing bays, an airlock, operational control rooms, laboratories, logistics areas and office space for support of non-hazardous Space Station and Shuttle payloads to ISO 14644-1 class 5 standards. Opened in 1994, it is the largest factory building in the KSC industrial area.
The Vertical Processing Facility (VPF) features a 71-by-38-foot (22 by 12 m) door where payloads that are processed in the vertical position are brought in and manipulated with two overhead cranes and a hoist capable of lifting up to 35 short tons (32 t).
The Hypergolic Maintenance and Checkout Area (HMCA) comprises three buildings that are isolated from the rest of the industrial area because of the hazardous materials handled there. Hypergolic-fueled modules that made up the Space Shuttle Orbiter's reaction control system, orbital maneuvering system and auxiliary power units were stored and serviced in the HMCF.
The Multi-Payload Processing Facility is a 19,647 square feet (1,825.3 m2) building used for Orion spacecraft and payload processing.
The Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) contains a 70-by-110-foot (21 by 34 m) service bay, with a 100,000-pound (45,000 kg), 85-foot (26 m) hook height. It also contains a 58-by-80-foot (18 by 24 m) payload airlock. Its temperature is maintained at 70 °F (21 °C).[55]
The Blue Origin rocket manufacturing facility is located immediately south of the KSC visitor complex. Completed in 2019, it serves as the company's factory for the manufacture of New Glenn orbital rockets.
Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) was originally built for the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle until the Space Launch System, for the Apollo crewed Moon landing program. Since the end of the Apollo program in 1972, LC-39 has been used to launch every NASA human space flight, including Skylab (1973), the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1975), and the Space Shuttle program (1981–2011).
Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from launch pads A and B at LC-39. Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the VAB. From 1969 to 1972, LC-39 was the "Moonport" for all six Apollo crewed Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, and was used from 1981 to 2011 for all Space Shuttle launches.
Human missions to the Moon required the large three-stage Saturn V rocket, which was 363 feet (111 meters) tall and 33 feet (10 meters) in diameter. At KSC, Launch Complex 39 was built on Merritt Island to accommodate the new rocket. Construction of the $800 million project began in November 1962. LC-39 pads A and B were completed by October 1965 (planned Pads C, D and E were canceled), the VAB was completed in June 1965, and the infrastructure by late 1966.
The complex includes: the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), a 130,000,000 cubic feet (3,700,000 m3) hangar capable of holding four Saturn Vs. The VAB was the largest structure in the world by volume when completed in 1965.
a transporter capable of carrying 5,440 tons along a crawlerway to either of two launch pads;
a 446-foot (136 m) mobile service structure, with three Mobile Launcher Platforms, each containing a fixed launch umbilical tower;
the Launch Control Center; and
a news media facility.
Launch Complex 48 (LC-48) is a multi-user launch site under construction for small launchers and spacecraft. It will be located between Launch Complex 39A and Space Launch Complex 41, with LC-39A to the north and SLC-41 to the south. LC-48 will be constructed as a "clean pad" to support multiple launch systems with differing propellant needs. While initially only planned to have a single pad, the complex is capable of being expanded to two at a later date.
As a part of promoting commercial space industry growth in the area and the overall center as a multi-user spaceport, KSC leases some of its properties. Here are some major examples:
Exploration Park to multiple users (partnership with Space Florida)
Shuttle Landing Facility to Space Florida (who contracts use to private companies)
Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF)-3 to Boeing (for CST-100 Starliner)
Launch Complex 39A, Launch Control Center Firing Room 4 and land for SpaceX's Roberts Road facility (Hanger X) to SpaceX
O&C High Bay to Lockheed Martin (for Orion processing)
Land for FPL's Space Coast Next Generation Solar Energy Center to Florida Power and Light (FPL)
Hypergolic Maintenance Facility (HMF) to United Paradyne Corporation (UPC)
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight. Bus tours of KSC originate from here. The complex also includes the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center, north of the VAB and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, six miles west near Titusville. There were 1.5 million visitors in 2009. It had some 700 employees.
It was announced on May 29, 2015, that the Astronaut Hall of Fame exhibit would be moved from its current location to another location within the Visitor Complex to make room for an upcoming high-tech attraction entitled "Heroes and Legends". The attraction, designed by Orlando-based design firm Falcon's Treehouse, opened November 11, 2016.
In March 2016, the visitor center unveiled the new location of the iconic countdown clock at the complex's entrance; previously, the clock was located with a flagpole at the press site. The clock was originally built and installed in 1969 and listed with the flagpole in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2000. In 2019, NASA celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Apollo program, and the launch of Apollo 10 on May 18. In summer of 2019, Lunar Module 9 (LM-9) was relocated to the Apollo/Saturn V Center as part of an initiative to rededicate the center and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo Program.
Historic locations
NASA lists the following Historic Districts at KSC; each district has multiple associated facilities:
Launch Complex 39: Pad A Historic District
Launch Complex 39: Pad B Historic District
Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) Area Historic District
Orbiter Processing Historic District
Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Disassembly and Refurbishment Complex Historic District
NASA KSC Railroad System Historic District
NASA-owned Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Industrial Area Historic District
There are 24 historic properties outside of these historic districts, including the Space Shuttle Atlantis, Vehicle Assembly Building, Crawlerway, and Operations and Checkout Building.[71] KSC has one National Historic Landmark, 78 National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listed or eligible sites, and 100 Archaeological Sites.
Further information: John F. Kennedy Space Center MPS
Other facilities
The Rotation, Processing and Surge Facility (RPSF) is responsible for the preparation of solid rocket booster segments for transportation to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The RPSF was built in 1984 to perform SRB operations that had previously been conducted in high bays 2 and 4 of the VAB at the beginning of the Space Shuttle program. It was used until the Space Shuttle's retirement, and will be used in the future by the Space Launch System[75] (SLS) and OmegA rockets.
Kenny Rogers: They don't make them like they use to
Troy Cassar Daley: They Don't Make 'Em Like That Anymore
OurDailyChallenge: You can quote me on that
This shot was used in my video...
Ring them bells St. Peter
Where the four winds blow,
Ring them bells with an iron hand
So the people will know.
Oh it's rush hour now
On the wheel and the plow
And the SUN is going down
Upon the sacred cow.
boston
september 1971
charles street fair, beacon hill
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
It was using this technique when we actually located a cow with "nipple number five." And I lost awareness of the bra straps. I think maybe the odor was overpowering my other senses at this point. That odor wanted to stay with us, too! I wound up showering AGAIN before going to work. (George should thank me for this!)
Josh Bailey of Dorchester Town (on loan from Bristol Rovers) challenge's for the ball during the Evo-Stik League Southern Premier Division South match between Dorchester Town FC and Chesham Utd FC at The Clayson Stadium. Dorchester England 17 November 2018
IMG 0786 Photo Phillip Standfield
phillstandfield25@btinternet.com
© 2018 Phillip Standfield Photography
This image is the property of Phil Standfield NO UNPAID USE. NO SYNDICATION
Using a long lens sort of isolates subjects from their surroundings and can give a lovely blend of colour .
I used to work at a startup on 16th and Potrero and would park my car, all day, for free, on Utah Street. There were some days where I rolled in at the crack of dawn and parked right in front of Mighty and then would leave at 8-10PM later that night just as the staff were getting in. This Bermuda Triangle by the freeways is a weird Forbidden Zone. You can legally park your car for not just the entire day, but several days, and only have to move it once a week. That, the freeway overpass, the soup kitchen around the corner, and several other factors have turned this area into a homeless refugee camp (by design)
I would be parking right next to Breaking Bad RVs, homeless people meth forts, and UPS guys in 60K trucks. That giant white building in the background in the UPS headquarters in SF and every morning I’d be competing with that army for parking spots.
You have blue collar workers hustling your new flat screen TVs all across San Francisco. You have your white-collar workers putting in 10-14 hours days in this Ponzi scheme slave economy. And you have people that have just given up on life. All that energy compressed together underneath the shadows of the Bermuda Triangle of freeways above. It creates this weird Forbidden Zone where the normal rules of San Francisco don’t always apply here and you get these really extreme in-your-face moments.
My first week at work I was turning on Utah to go to my car and almost walked head first into a homeless person using a SF Weekly and Utah St as their bathroom. Full spread eagle. And in the background was this really beautiful midcentury furniture in a very expensive and tasteful display window.
This part of San Francisco is a very weird Blade Runner juxtaposition.
Extreme wealth and extreme poverty (by design) right next to each other.
Extreme hustle and brutal hospice right next to each other.
Extreme beauty and extreme despair right next to each other.
I’ve got a weird connection to this Blade Runner part of San Francisco and I’m glad I was able to spend New Year’s Day here again.
UPDATE: A week after I posted this picture a story made national headlines when a mentally ill homeless person walked into a San Francisco McDonalds with a dead raccoon and just made himself at home. That McDonalds is right around the corner from where this picture was taken and across the street from my old startup (Season 1 location)
I could write an entire Netflix series on the insanity that is 16th & Potrero. The business next to the McDonalds called the fire department on us because our outgoing shipments were constantly blocking sidewalks and creating fire hazards. There was no air conditioning (or if there was the founders never turned it on. That was the topic of many conspiracy theories) so during the summer heat wave days the temperatures would hit over 100 degrees inside and people would be throwing up in the single use occupancy bathroom that the entire company shared. One of my colleagues was having a bad day and took a box cutter to his throat in the parking lot, we still worked to make our KPIs. There was one mentally ill homeless guy who used to come in on a regular basis to either ask if we had seen Jesus Christ because he wanted to kill him or to ask for a job.
The one moment that struck me was during a founder lecture series another entrepreneur friend of the CEO was speaking about Owning Your Happiness and how he asked all of his employees to tell them the #1 thing that they needed to be happy working for him (i.e.: I need to be able to take my kid to school every day, I need to go to Burning Man, ect …) That working for a startup is demanding and will ask a lot out of you so that you in turn should define what is the #1 thing that you need to maintain your happiness and then Owning That Happiness.
Define that Happiness.
Defend that Happiness.
Own that Happiness.
A month after that entrepreneur gave that speech he was in the news for having sold his startup to SalesForce for $350 Million. This was a guy who was not flaunting his wealth like a Kardashian, just a guy wearing jeans and a polo shirt, looked like any guy you might be standing next to in line at Whole Foods, but had just closed a 350M deal. And within a stone’s throw you have people with dead raccoons taking a shit on Utah street with a SF Weekly.
There’s a weird and very extreme energy field in this part of San Francisco that has got me under its spell and I still haven’t figured out if I’m infatuated with it or haunted by it.