View allAll Photos Tagged urd
In Norse mythology, there are two swans that drink from the sacred Well of Urd in the realm of Asgard, home of the gods. According to the Prose Edda, the water of this well is so pure and holy that all things that touch it turn white, including this original pair of swans and all others descended from them.
- Wikipedia
Бараг л доороос нь авсан шүү. эвгүй юм байнй лээ дээгүүр нисээд байх чинь
Томоор харвал саак харагдана шүү
I found this photo but could not work out when I took it until I looked at the petrol prices & realised it was priced in gallons, not litres!
Southdown Bus Yard, in Crawley.
These are the 3 new Enviro 200 MMC's for Southdown. YX68URB URC and URD, which will be Fleet 115 - 117
24th Nov 2018
LM18 URD is a Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 516CDi/Mellor Strata new to McGill's pf Greenock in July 2018 as their M0117. It is seen here in Alexandria whilst working SPT's MyBus service M10 in Dunbartonshire.
Southdown Bus Yard, in Crawley.
These are the 3 new Enviro 200 MMC's for Southdown. YX68URB URC and URD, which will be Fleet 115 - 117
24th Nov 2018
One of two immaculate Peugeot 505s on display at the show. It's online MoT history begins in April 2017 with 7,136 miles displayed on the odometer.
An unexpected sight yesterday morning whilst in Reading before work, this duo is owned by the same household and incredibly the 12 is still on owner number one, the BX has apparently had one previously but it was literally gleaming. Both registered in Reading too!
The Bicester Heritage 505, now roadworthy again after 32 years in store. Apparently it belonged to a farmer and something happened on the farm in 1985 that caused him to put the two-year old car away and never use it again. Now owned by the Managing Director of Bicester Heritage, it passed its first-ever MoT in May 2017 and is the only 505 STI currently taxed; the last one came off the road in 2006.
officially the The People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma (Myanmar) to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. Together with the Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The name Bangladesh means "Country of Bengal" in the official Bengali language.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal and India in 1947, when the region became the eastern wing of the newly formed Pakistan. However, it was separated from the western wing by 1,600 km (994 mi) of Indian territory. Political and linguistic discrimination as well as economic neglect led to popular agitations against West Pakistan, which led to the war for independence in 1971 and the establishment of Bangladesh. After independence the new state endured famines, natural disasters and widespread poverty, as well as political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress.
Bangladesh is the seventh most populous country and is among the most densely populated countries in the world with a high poverty rate. However, per-capita (inflation-adjusted) GDP has more than doubled since 1975, and the poverty rate has fallen by 20% since the early 1990s. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies. Dhaka, the capital, and other urban centers have been the driving force behind this growth
Geographically, the country straddles the fertile Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta and is subject to annual monsoon floods and cyclones. Bangladesh has the longest unbroken sea beach in the world in the Cox's Bazaar. The government is a parliamentary democracy. Bangladesh is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the OIC, SAARC, BIMSTEC, and the D-8. As the World Bank notes in its July 2005 Country Brief, the country has made significant progress in human development in the areas of literacy, gender parity in schooling and reduction of population growth.
However, Bangladesh continues to face a number of major challenges, including widespread political and bureaucratic corruption, economic competition relative to the world, serious overpopulation, widespread poverty, and an increasing danger of hydrologic shocks brought on by ecological vulnerability to climate change.
History
Remnants of civilization in the greater Bengal region date back four thousand years, when the region was settled by Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic peoples. The exact origin of the word "Bangla" or "Bengal" is unknown, though it is believed to be derived from Bang, the Dravidian-speaking tribe that settled in the area around the year 1000 BC.
The kingdom of Gangaridai was formed from at least the seventh century BC, which later united with Bihar under the Magadha, Nanda, Mauryan and Sunga Empires. Bengal was later part of the Gupta Empire and Harsha Empire from the third to the sixth centuries CE. Following its collapse, a dynamic Bengali named Shashanka founded an impressive yet short-lived kingdom. Shashanka is considered the first independent king in the history of Bangladesh.
After a period of anarchy, the Buddhist Pala dynasty ruled the region for four hundred years, followed by a shorter reign of the Hindu Sena dynasty. Islam was introduced to Bengal in the twelfth century by Arab Muslim merchants and Sufi missionaries, and subsequent Muslim conquests helped spread Islam throughout the region.
Bakhtiar Khilji, a Turkic general, defeated Lakshman Sen of the Sena dynasty and conquered large parts of Bengal in the year 1204. The region was ruled by dynasties of Sultans and land lords Bhuiyan for the next few hundred years. By the 16th century, the Mughal Empire controlled Bengal, and Dhaka became an important provincial centre of Mughal administration.
European traders arrived late in the 15th century, and their influence grew until the British East India Company gained control of Bengal following the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The bloody rebellion of 1857, known as the Sepoy Mutiny, resulted in transfer of authority to the crown, with a British viceroy running the administration. During colonial rule, famine racked the Indian subcontinent many times, including the Great Bengal famine of 1943 that claimed 3 million lives.
20th century
Between 1905 and 1911, an abortive attempt was made to divide the province of Bengal into two zones, with Dhaka being the capital of the eastern zone. When India was partitioned in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines (for the majority Muslims), with the western part going to India and the eastern part joining Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan), with its capital at Dhaka.
In 1950, land reform was accomplished in East Bengal with the abolishment of the feudal zamindari system. However, despite the economic and demographic weight of the east, Pakistan's government and military were largely dominated by the upper classes from the west. The Bengali Language Movement of 1952 was the first sign of friction between the two wings of Pakistan.
Dissatisfaction with the central government over economic and cultural issues continued to rise through the next decade, during which the Awami League emerged as the political voice of the Bengali-speaking population. It agitated for autonomy in the 1960s, and in 1966, its president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was jailed; he was released in 1969, after an unprecedented popular uprising.
In 1970, a massive cyclone devastated the coast of East Pakistan, killing up to half a million people, and the central government responded poorly. The Bengali population's anger was compounded when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose Awami League won a majority in Parliament in the 1970 elections, was blocked from taking office.
After staging compromise talks with Mujib, President Yahya Khan arrested him on the early hours of March 26, 1971, and launched Operation Searchlight, a sustained military assault on East Pakistan. Yahya's methods were extremely bloody, and the violence of the war resulted in many civilian deaths . Chief targets included intellectuals and Hindus, and about ten million refugees fled to neighbouring India. Estimates of those massacred throughout the war range from three hundred thousand to 3 million.
Before his arrest by the Pakistan Army, Sk. Mujibur Rahman formally declared the independence of Bangladesh and directed everyone to fight till the last soldier of the Pakistan army was evicted from East Pakistan. Awami League leaders set up a government-in-exile in Calcutta, India. The exile government formally took oath at Mujib Nagar in Kustia district of East Pakistan on April 14, 1971 with Tajuddin Ahmad as the first Prime Minister.
The Bangladesh Liberation War lasted for nine months. The Bangladesh Forces formed within 11 sectors led by General M.A.G. Osmani consisting of Bengali Regulars and Mukti Bahini conducted a massive guerilla war against the Pakistan Forces with all out support from the Indian Armed Forces. Jointly the Mitro Bahini achieved a decisive victory over Pakistan on December 16, 1971, with Indian Armed Forces taking over 90,000 prisoners of war.
After its independence, Bangladesh became a parliamentary democracy, with Mujib as the Prime Minister. In the 1973 parliamentary elections, the Awami League gained an absolute majority. A nationwide famine occurred during 1973 and 1974, and in early 1975, Mujib initiated a one-party socialist rule with his newly formed BAKSAL. On August 15, 1975, Mujib with most of his family members were assassinated by mid-level military officers. On November 19, 2009, the Supreme Court awarded death penalty to 12 convicts. Five condemned killers of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman were hanged early on January 28, 2010 at Dhaka Central Jail amid tight security. Apart from the five executed, six are on the run and one died.
A series of bloody coups and counter-coups in the following three months culminated in the ascent to power of General Ziaur Rahman, who reinstated multi-party politics & founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Zia's rule ended when he was assassinated in 1981 by elements of the military. Bangladesh's next major rulers General Hossain Mohammad Ershad, who gained power in a bloodless coup in 1982 and ruled until 1990, when he was forced to resign after a massive revolt of all major political parties and the public, joined with pressure from western donors (which was a major shift in international policy after the end of communism).
Since then, Bangladesh has reverted to a parliamentary democracy. Zia's widow, Khaleda Zia, led the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to parliamentary victory at the general election in 1991 and became the first female Prime Minister in Bangladesh's history. However, the Awami League, headed by Sheikh Hasina, one of Mujib's surviving daughters, clinched power at the next election in 1996 but lost to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party again in 2001.
On January 11, 2007, following widespread political unrest, a caretaker government was appointed to administer the next general election. The country had suffered from extensive corruption, disorder and political violence. The new caretaker government has made it a priority to root out corruption from all levels of government. To this end, many notable politicians and officials, along with large numbers of lesser officials and party members, have been arrested on corruption charges. The caretaker government held a fair and free election on December 29, 2008. Awami League's Sheikh Hasina won the elections with a landslide victory and took oath of Prime Minister on January 6, 2009.
Geography and climate
Bangladesh is in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta. This delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganges (local name Padma or Pôdda), Brahmaputra (Jamuna or Jomuna), and Meghna rivers and their respective tributaries. The Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal. The alluvial soil deposited by these rivers has created some of the most fertile plains in the world. Bangladesh has 58 trans-boundary rivers, making water issues politically complicated to resolve – in most cases as the lower riparian state to India.[48] Most parts of Bangladesh are less than 12 m (39.4 ft) above the sea level, and it is believed that about 50% of the land would be flooded if the sea level were to rise by 1 m (3.28 ft).
In south east Bangladesh experiments have been done since the sixties to 'build with nature'. By implementing cross dams, the natural accretion of silt has created new land. With Dutch funding, the Bangladeshi government began to help develop this new land in the late 1970s. The effort has since become a multiagency operation building roads, culverts, embankments, cyclone shelters, toilets and ponds, as well as distributing land to settlers. By fall 2010, the program will have allotted some 27,000 acres (10,927 ha) to 21,000 families.
The highest point in Bangladesh is in Mowdok range at 1,052 m (3,450 ft) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the southeast of the country.
Straddling the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladeshi climate is tropical with a mild winter from October to March, a hot, humid summer from March to June. A warm and humid monsoon season lasts from June to October and supplies most of the country's rainfall. Natural calamities, such as floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and tidal bores occur almost every year, combined with the effects of deforestation, soil degradation and erosion. Cox's Bazar, south of the city of Chittagong, has a beach that stretches uninterrupted over 120 kilometres (75 mi).
In September 1998, Bangladesh saw the most severe flooding in modern world history. As the Brahmaputra, Ganges and Meghna spilt over and swallowed 300,000 houses, 9,700 kilometres (6,027 mi) of road and 2,700 kilometres (1,678 mi) of embankment 1,000 people were killed and 30 million more were made homeless with 135,000 cattle killed, 50 square kilometres (19.3 sq mi) of land destroyed and 11,000 kilometres (6,835 mi) of roads damaged or destroyed. Two-thirds of the country was underwater. There were several reasons for the severity of the flooding. Firstly, there were unusually high monsoon rains. Secondly, the Himalayas shed off an equally unusually high amount of melt water that year. Thirdly, trees that usually would have intercept rain water had been cut down for firewood or to make space for animals.
Bangladesh is now widely recognized to be one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. Natural hazards that come from increased rainfall, rising sea levels, and tropical cyclones are expected to increase as climate change, each seriously affecting agriculture, water & food security, human health and shelter. It is believed that in the coming decades the rising sea level alone will create more than 20 million climate refugees.
Other infos
Oficial Name:
গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ
Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh
গণ প্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ (Gôṇ Prôjātôntrī Bāṁlādeš)
Independence:
Declared March 26, 1971
- Victory Day December 16 1971
Area:
147.450km2
Inhabitants:
150.790.000
Language:
Arakanese [mhv] 200,000 in Bangladesh (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes 150,000 Marmar, 35,000 Rakhain (SIL 2002). Southeast, Chittagong Hills area. Marma is in the hills and Rakhine along the coast. Alternate names: Marama, "Maghi", "Mogh", "Magh", Mash, Marma. Dialects: Marma (Morma), Rakhine (Rakhain, Yakhain). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Southern
Assamese [asm] Alternate names: Asambe, Asami. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Bengali [ben] 100,000,000 in Bangladesh (1994 UBS). 211,000,000 including second-language speakers (1999 WA). Population total all countries: 171,070,202. Western. Also spoken in India, Malawi, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA. Alternate names: Banga-Bhasa, Bangala, Bangla. Dialects: Languages or dialects in the Bengali group according to Grierson: Central (Standard) Bengali, Western Bengali (Kharia Thar, Mal Paharia, Saraki), Southwestern Bengali, Northern Bengali (Koch, Siripuria), Rajbanshi, Bahe, Eastern Bengali (East Central, including Sylhetti), Haijong, Southeastern Bengali (Chakma), Ganda, Vanga, Chittagonian (possible dialect of Southeastern Bengali). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Bishnupriya [bpy] 40,000 in Bangladesh (2003). Alternate names: Bishnupuriya, Bisna Puriya, Bishnupria Manipuri. Dialects: Rajar Gang, Madoi Gang. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Burmese [mya] 300,000 in Bangladesh (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Area bordering Myanmar. Alternate names: Bama, Bamachaka, Myen. Dialects: Bomang. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Southern
Chak [ckh] 5,500 in Bangladesh (2002). Most in Arakan Blue Mountains, Baishari, Banderbon, South, Nrrkhinsorithan, Bishar Chokpra. Alternate names: Sak. Classification: Unclassified
Chakma [ccp] 312,207 in Bangladesh (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 612,207. Southeast, Chittagong Hills area, and Chittagong City. Also spoken in India. Alternate names: Takam. Dialects: 6 dialects. Chakma of India understood with difficulty. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Chin, Asho [csh] 1,422 in Bangladesh (1981 census). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Sho, Shoa, Khyang, Khyeng, Qin. Dialects: Chittagong, Lemyo, Minbu, Saingbaun, Sandoway, Thayetmyo. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Sho
Chin, Bawm [bgr] 5,773 in Bangladesh (1981 census). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Bawn, Bawng, Bom, Bawm. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central
Chin, Falam [flm] Alternate names: Hallam Chin, Halam, Fallam, Falam. Dialects: Chorei, Zanniat. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern
Chin, Haka [cnh] 1,264 in Bangladesh (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Haka, Baungshe, Lai. Dialects: Klangklang (Thlantlang), Zokhua, Shonshe. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central
Chin, Khumi [cnk] 1,188 in Bangladesh (1981 census). Alternate names: Khumi, Khami, Kami, Kumi, Khweymi, Khuni. Dialects: Khimi, Yindi (Yindu), Khami, Ngala. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Khumi
Chittagonian [cit] 14,000,000 in Bangladesh (1998 H. Ebersole). Chittagong Region. Also spoken in Myanmar. Alternate names: Chittagonian Bengali. Dialects: Rohinga (Akyab). Not inherently intelligible with Bengali, although considered to be a nonstandard Bengali dialect. A continuum of dialects from north to south, with a larger religious distinction between Muslim and others. An ethnic Bengali Muslim who speaks the Muslim variety of Chittagonian Bengali and was born in Arakan state, Myanmar, is called a 'Rohinga'. The dialect is intelligible to those born in southeastern Bangladesh. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Darlong [dln] 9,000 in Bangladesh. Population total all countries: 15,000. Also spoken in India. Alternate names: Dalong. Dialects: Also reported to be related to Tipura. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central
Garo [grt] 102,000 in Bangladesh (1993). Northeastern, Mymensingh plains, Tangail Shripur, Jamelpur, Netrakara, Sylhet, Dhaka. Alternate names: Garrow, Mande. Dialects: Abeng, Achik. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Konyak-Bodo-Garo, Bodo-Garo, Garo
Hajong [haj] Alternate names: Haijong. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Ho [hoc] Alternate names: Lanka Kol. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, Mundari
Indian Sign Language [ins] Classification: Deaf sign language
Khasi [kha] Very few speakers of standard Khasi. Moulvibazar District, near Fenchuganj, Madhabkunda, Barlekha, Goalbari, Fultala, Alinagar, Islampur, Khajori, Rashidpur, Satgoan, Kamalganj, and Alinagar; Sylhet District, near Jaflong, Tamabil, Jaintiapur and north of Raipur; Hobiganj District. Alternate names: Kahasi, Khasiyas, Khuchia, Kyi, Cossyah, Khassee, Khasie. Dialects: Khasi (Cherrapunji), Lyngngam (Lngngam). Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khasian
Koch [kdq] Alternate names: Koc, Kocch, Koce, Kochboli, Konch. Dialects: Banai, Harigaya, Satpariya, Tintekiya, Wanang. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Konyak-Bodo-Garo, Bodo-Garo, Koch
Kok Borok [trp] 100,000 in Bangladesh (2001). Alternate names: Tripuri, Tripura, Tipura, Mrung, Usipi. Dialects: Jamatia, Noatia, Riang (Tipra), Halam, Debbarma. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Konyak-Bodo-Garo, Bodo-Garo, Bodo
Kurux [kru] Alternate names: Kurukh, Uraon, Oraoan. Classification: Dravidian, Northern
Megam [mef] 6,872 (2000 WCD). Northeastern Bangladesh. Alternate names: Migam. Dialects: Called a dialect of Garo, but may be a separate language. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Konyak-Bodo-Garo, Bodo-Garo, Garo
Meitei [mni] 15,000 in Bangladesh (2003). Sylhet. Alternate names: Meithei, Meithe, Mitei, Mithe, Meiteiron, Manipuri, Kathe, Kathi, Ponna. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Meitei
Mizo [lus] 1,041 in Bangladesh (1981 census). Mizo Hills, Chittagong, Sylhet. Alternate names: Lusai, Lushai, Lushei, Sailau, Hualngo, Whelngo, Lei. Dialects: Ralte, Dulien, Ngente, Mizo, Le. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central
Mru [mro] 80,000 in Bangladesh (2002 SIL). Population total all countries: 81,231. Southeastern, Chittagong Hills; 200 villages. Also spoken in India. Alternate names: Murung, Mrung, Maru, Niopreng. Dialects: Lexical similarity 13% with Mro Chin. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Mru
Mundari [muw] Alternate names: Munda, Mandari, Munari, Horo, Mondari, Colh. Dialects: Hasada', Latar, Naguri, Kera'. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, Mundari
Pankhu [pkh] 2,278 in Bangladesh (1981 census). Population total all countries: 2,512. Bandarban, Rangamati, Kagrachori, and some in Malumghat and Chittagong. Also spoken in India, Myanmar. Alternate names: Pankho, Panko, Pangkhu. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Central
Pnar [pbv] 4,000 in Bangladesh (2002). Along the India border in the northeast; Sylhet Division, Sylhet District, near Jaflong, Tamabil, Jaintiapur, and north of Raipur; Moulavi Bazar District, near Fenchuganj, Madhabkunda, Barlekha, Goalbari, Fultala, Alinagar, Islampur, Khajori, Rashidpur, Satgoan, Kamalganj. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khasian
Rajbanshi [rjb] 12,916 in Bangladesh (2000). Northwest regions of Bangladesh. Alternate names: Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Tajpuri. Dialects: Bahe. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Riang [ria] 1,011 in Bangladesh (2000). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Reang, Kau Bru. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Jingpho-Konyak-Bodo, Konyak-Bodo-Garo, Bodo-Garo, Bodo
Sadri, Oraon [sdr] 165,683 (2000 WCD). Throughout Rajshahi Division; in Chittagong Division, Moulvibazar and Hobigani districts; and Khulna Division, Jhenaidah District (Jhenaidah Thana, Moheshpur Thana), Kushtia District (Mirpur Thana), Magura District (Magura Thana). Dialects: Borail Sadri, Nurpur Sadri, Uchai Sadri, Mokkan Tila Sadri. The dialects listed may need separate literature. Inherent intelligibility of 7 Sadri varieties on Borail ranges from 70% to 93%; of 8 varieties on Nurpur from 78% to 94%. Lexical similarity of 14 Sadri varieties with Borail Sadri ranges from 88% to 97%. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bihari
Santali [sat] 157,000 in Bangladesh (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Ethnic population: 42,698. Alternate names: Hor, Satar, Santhali, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Har, Sonthal. Dialects: Karmali (Khole), Kamari-Santali, Lohari-Santali, Paharia, Mahali (Mahle) Manjhi. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, Santali
Shendu [shl] 1,000 in Bangladesh (1980 UBS). Chittagong Hills. Also spoken in India. Alternate names: Khyen, Khyeng, Khieng, Shandu, Sandu. Dialects: Close to Asho, Khyang, Thayetmo, Minbu, Chinbon, Lemyo, Mara Chin (Lakher). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Southern, Sho
Sylheti [syl] 7,000,000 in Bangladesh. Population total all countries: 10,300,000. Ethnic population: 8,000,000 or more. District of Sylhet, Sunamgani, Habigani, Moulvibazar. Sylhet is about 100 miles north of Dacca. Also spoken in Australia, Canada, India, Italy, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, United Kingdom, USA. Alternate names: Sylhetti, Sylhetti Bangla, Sileti, Siloti, Syloti, Syloty. Dialects: Close to Bengali, Assamese. Lexical similarity 70% with Bengali. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Tangchangya [tnv] 17,695 (1981 census). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Tanchangya. Dialects: Close to Chakma. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
Tippera [tpe] 100,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Tippera-Bengali, Tipperah, Tipra, Tipura, Triperah, Tippurah, Tripura. Dialects: 36 dialects. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified
Usui [usi] 4,010 (1981 census). Chittagong Hills. Alternate names: Unshoi, Unsuiy, Ushoi. Dialects: Close to Tippera. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified
War [aml] 16,000 in Bangladesh (2003 SIL). Population total all countries: 28,000. Along the India border in the northeast; Sylhet Division, Sylhet District, near Jaflong, Tamabil, Jaintiapur, and north of Raipur; Moulavi Bazar District, near Fenchuganj, Madhabkunda, Barlekha, Goalbari, Fultala, Alinagar, Islampur, Khajori, Rashidpur, Satgoan, Kamalganj, Alinagar. Also spoken in India. Alternate names: Amwi, Waar. Dialects: War-Jaintia, War-Khasi. Probably distinct from War, a dialect of Khasi in India. 75% intelligibility of Khasi by War-Jaintia. Jirang is similar, and may be a dialect. Lexical similarity 70% to 75% between War-Jaintia and War-Khasi; War-Jaintia dialect 41% to 45% with Pnar (from scant data), 35% with standard Khasi. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Northern Mon-Khmer, Khasian
Capital City:
Dhaka
Meaning of the country name:
From Bengali/Sanskrit, Bangla referring to the Bengali-speaking people, and Desh meaning "country", hence "Country of the Bengalis". The country previously formed part of colonial British India. Bengali culture spans a wider area than that of the state of Bangladesh: the culture extends into present-day India (in Assam (Boro Peoples), Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal, and Jharkand.
East Pakistan (former name): the name used when Pakistan comprised both modern-day Pakistan, or "West Pakistan", and modern-day Bangladesh — "East Pakistan". See Pakistan below (note that the name "Pakistan" comes from an acronym of the country's various regions/homelands; Bangladesh or its regions do not feature as part of the acronym.)
Note; the river Ganga leaves the plains from Hindustan of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of South Asia into Bangladesh forming the Ganges Delta (Bengal Delta) the biggest in the world, also known as the Mouths of the Ganges opening up into the Bay of Bengal near the Sunderbans (National Parks of India), a natural habitat shared by Indo-Banga inhabitants for Indian Wildlife; Home of the Royal Bengal Tiger both the National animal of Bharat and Bangladesh (Independent Bengal).
Description Flag:
The national flag of Bangladesh was adopted officially on January 17, 1972. It is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. This flag depicted a map of Bangladesh over a red sun. The map was later deleted from the flag, most likely to simplify the design. The current flag resembles the flag of Japan, except that it has a green field instead of a white one. A red disc is on top of the green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centered when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over Bengal, and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness of the land of Bangladesh
Coat of arms:
Was adopted shortly after independence in 1971.
Located on the emblem is a water lily, that is bordered on two sides by rice sheaves. Above the water lilly are four stars and a three-leaf clover of tea leaves. The water lilly is the country's national flower, and is representative of the many rivers that run through Bangladesh. Rice represents its presence as the staple food of Bangladesh, and for the agriculture of that nation. The four stars represent the four founding principles that were originally enshrined in the first constitution of Bangladesh in 1972: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy.
National Anthem: :আমার সোনার বাংলা), Amar Shonar Bangla (My Golden Bengal)
Bengali
আমার সোনার বাংলা
আমার সোনার বাংলা,
আমি তোমায় ভালবাসি।
চিরদিন তোমার আকাশ,
তোমার বাতাস
আমার প্রাণে বাজায় বাঁশি।
ও মা,
ফাগুনে তোর আমের বনে
ঘ্রানে পাগল করে--
মরি হায়, হায় রে
ও মা,
অঘ্রানে তোর ভরা খেতে,
আমি কি দেখেছি মধুর হাসি।।
কি শোভা কি ছায়া গো,
কি স্নেহ কি মায়া গো--
কি আঁচল বিছায়েছ
বটের মূলে,
নদীর কূলে কূলে।
মা, তোর মুখের বাণী
আমার কানে লাগে
সুধার মতো--
মরি হায়, হায় রে
মা, তোর বদনখানি মলিন হলে
আমি নয়ন জলে ভাসি।।
Transliteration
Amar Shonar Bangla
Amar shonar Bangla,
Ami tomake bhalobashi.
Chirodin tomar akash,
Tomar batash,
Amar prane bajae bãshi.
O ma,
Phagune tor amer bone
Ghrane pagol kôre,
Mori hae, hae re,
O ma,
Ôghrane tor bhôra khete
Ami ki dekhechhi modhur hashi.
Ki shobha, ki chhaea go,
Ki sneho, ki maea go,
Ki ãchol bichhaeechho
Bôţer mule,
Nodir kule kule!
Ma, tor mukher bani
Amar kane lage,
Shudhar môto,
Mori hae, hae re,
Ma, tor bôdonkhani molin hole,
Ami nôeon jôle bhashi.
English
My beloved Bengal
My Bengal of Gold,
I love you.
Forever your skies,
Your air set my heart in tune
As if it were a flute.
In spring, O mother mine,
The fragrance from your mango groves
Makes me wild with joy,
Ah, what a thrill!
In autumn, O mother mine,
In the full blossomed paddy fields
I have seen spread all over sweet smiles.
Ah, what a beauty, what shades,
What an affection, and what a tenderness!
What a quilt have you spread
At the feet of banyan trees
And along the banks of rivers!
O mother mine, words from your lips
Are like nectar to my ears.
Ah, what a thrill!
If sadness, O mother mine,
Casts a gloom on your face,
My eyes are filled with tears!
Internet Page:
Bangladesh in diferent languages
eng | arg | ast | bre | cat | cor | cym | dan | est | eus | fin | fra | ina | ita | jav | jnf | nld | nor | rup | sme | spa | srd | swa | swe | vor | wln: Bangladesh
dsb | hrv | hsb | slv | szl: Bangladeš
afr | fao | lim: Bangladesj
crh | gag | tuk: Bangladeş / Бангладеш
deu | ltz | nds: Bangladesch / Bangladeſch
ces | slk: Bangladéš
csb | pol: Bangladesz
fry | hun: Banglades
ind | msa: Bangladesh / بڠڬلاديش
kaa | uzb: Bangladesh / Бангладеш
kin | run: Bangladeshe
aze: Banqladeş / Бангладеш
bam: Bangiladɛsi
bos: Bangladeš / Бангладеш
epo: Bangladeŝo
frp: Banglladèch•e
fur: Bangladesj
gla: Bangladais; Bangla Dais; Bangla-deis; Bangladeis
gle: An Bhanglaidéis / An Ḃanglaidéis; An Bhangladéis / An Ḃangladéis
glg: Bangladés; Bangladesh
glv: Yn Vangladesh
hat: Bangladèch
ibo: Baṅladesh
isl: Bangladess
kmr: Bangladêş / Бангладеш / بانگلادێش
kur: Bengladeş / بەنگلادەش; Bengladêş / بەنگلادێش
lat: Bangladesa; Bangladesia
lav: Bangladeša
lin: Bángaladɛ́si
lit: Bangladešas
lld: Bangladesc
mlg: Bangladesha
mlt: Bangladexx
mol: Bangladeş / Бангладеш
nrm: Baunglladèche
oci: Bangladèsh
por: Bangladesh; Bangladeche
que: Banklades
rmy: Bangladeš / बान्ग्लादेश
roh: Bangladesch
ron: Bangladeş
scn: Bangladesci
slo: Bangladesx / Бангладеш
smg: Banglodešas
smo: Panikalatesi
som: Bangaala-Dheesh
sqi: Bangladeshi
tet: Bangladexe
ton: Pengikolotesi
tur: Bangladeş
vie: Băng-la-đét
vol: Bängalän
wol: Banglaades
zza: Bengladeş
alt | bul | che | chm | chv | kbd | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | mkd | mon | oss | rus | tyv | udm: Бангладеш (Bangladeš)
bak | tat: Бангладеш / Bangladeş
abq: Бангладеш (Bangładeš)
bel: Бангладэш / Banhładeš
kaz: Бангладеш / Bangladeş / بانگلادەش
srp: Бангладеш / Bangladeš
tgk: Бангладеш / بنگلدش / Bangladeş
ukr: Банґладеш (Bangladeš)
ara: بنغلادش (Banġlādiš); بنغلاديش (Banġlādīš); بنجلادش (Banglādiš); بنجلاديش (Banglādīš)
fas: بنگلادش (Banglādeš)
prs: بنگلدیش (Bangladēš)
pus: بنګلدېش (Bangladeš); بنګلادېش (Banglādeš)
snd: بنگلادیش (Banglādeša)
uig: بانگلادېش / Ban’gladésh / Бангладеш
urd: بنگلادیش (Banglādeš); بنگلہدیش (Banglâdeš)
div: ބަނގްލަދޭށް (Baṅgladēŝ); ބަންގާޅު (Bangāḷu)
heb: בנגלדש (Bangladeš); באנגלאדש (Bânglâdeš)
lad: באנגלאדיש / Bangladesh
yid: באַנגלאַדעש (Bangladeš)
amh: ባንግላደሽ (Bangladäš)
ell: Μπανγκλαντές (Mpangklantés); Μπαγκλαντές (Mpagklantés); Μπαγγλαντές (Mpagglantés); Μπάγκλα-Ντες (Mpágkla-Ntes)
hye: Բանգլադեշ (Bangladeš)
kat: ბანგლადეში (Bangladeši)
hin | nep: बांग्लादेश (Bāṁglādeš)
mar: बांगलादेश (Bāṁglādeŝ)
ben: বাংলাদেশ (Bāṁlādeš)
guj: બાંગ્લાદેશ (Bāṁglādeš)
ori: ବାଂଲାଦେଶ (Bāṁlādeš)
pan: ਬੰਗਲਾਦੇਸ਼ (Baṁglādeš)
sin: බංගලි දේශය (Baṁgali Dēšaya)
kan: ಬಾಂಗ್ಲಾದೇಶ (Bāṁglādēša); ಬಾಂಗ್ಲದೇಶ (Bāṁgladēša)
mal: ബംഗ്ലാദേശ് (Baṁglādēš)
tam: பங்களாதேஷ் (Paṅkaḷātēš); வங்காளதேசம் (Vaṅkāḷatēčam); வங்க தேசம் (Vaṅka Tēčam)
tel: బంగ్లాదేశ్ (Baṁglādēš)
zho: 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā)
jpn: バングラデシュ (Banguradeshu)
kor: 방글라데시 (Banggeulladesi)
dzo: བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ་ (Baṅg.la.deṣ.)
mya: ဘင္ဂလားဒေ့ရ္ဟ္ (Bʰĩgálàdéš)
tha: บังคลาเทศ (Bâṅkʰlātʰēt)
lao: ບັງກະລາແດັດ (Bâṅkalādæt); ບັງກາລະເທດ (Bâṅkālatʰēt)
khm: បង់ក្លាដេស (Băṅklādes)
Is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the Öresund Bridge in the south.
At 450,295 km², Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union in terms of area, with a total population of about 9.2 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) but a considerably higher density in the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas, and it is expected that these numbers will gradually rise as a part of the ongoing urbanization. Sweden's capital is Stockholm, which is also the largest city in the country (population of 1.3 million in the urban area and with 2 million in the metropolitan area).
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union which lasted until 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.
Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a highly developed economy. It ranks first in the world in The Economist's Democracy Index and seventh in the United Nations' Human Development Index. Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sweden
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden
Other info
Oficial name:
Konungariket Sverige
+ fin: Ruotsin kuningaskunta
rmy: Ťagaripen Svedo / थागारिपेन स्वेदो
sma: Sveerjen gånkarijhke
sme: Ruoŧa gonagasriika
smj: Svieriga gånågisrijkka
yid: קיניגרײַך שװעדן (Kinigrayḫ Švedn)
Unification:
Between 900 and 1200
Area:
449.964 km2
Inhabitants:
9.900.000
Languages:
Dalecarlian [dlc] 1,500 (1996 Oesten Dahl). Upper Dalecarlia (Oevre Dalarna), especially Aelvdalen (Elfdal). Alternate names: Dalska, Dalmaal. Dialects: Quite deviant from other varieties. Various dialects, some of which are reported to be unintelligible to each other's speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Finnish [fin] 200,000 in Sweden (1997 Birger Winsa). 'Swedish-Finns' were 446,134 in 1999, which counts those born in Finland and first generation born in Sweden, but not others, even if the first language is Finnish. Alternate names: Suomi, Suomea. Classification: Uralic, Finnic
More information.
Finnish, Tornedalen [fit] 79,579 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Population includes 40,000 to 70,000 in the main region (1997), and including 20,000 who speak it in the home (1996). Population total all countries: 109,579. Northeast Sweden, County of Norrbotten, municipalities of Gällivare, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneä, and Haparanda. Also spoken in Finland. Alternate names: Tornedalen, Meänkieli, Torne Valley Finnish, Tornedalsfinska, North Finnish. Dialects: Torne Valley Finnish, Vittangi Finnish, Gällivare Finnish. Standard Finnish is not entirely intelligible to speakers of Tornedalen, especially abstract and complex discourse. Classification: Uralic, Finnic
More information.
Jamtska [jmk] 30,000 (2000 J. Persson). Jämtland and scattered elsewhere in Sweden. Alternate names: Jamska. Dialects: Perhaps 95% lexical similarity to other Norwegian or Swedish dialects, other loans from German, Danish, and French. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, West Scandinavian
More information.
Romani, Kalo Finnish [rmf] 1,592 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Fíntika Rómma. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Tavringer [rmu] 25,000 in Sweden (1998 Hallman). Population total all countries: 31,000. Scattered all over Sweden. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Rommani, Svensk Rommani, Traveller Swedish, "Tattare". Dialects: An independent language based on Swedish with heavy lexical borrowing from Northern Romani. Not intelligible with Angloromani. Classification: Mixed Language, Swedish-Romani
More information.
Romani, Vlax [rmy] 1,500 in Sweden. 500 Kalderash, 1,000 Lovari. Alternate names: Zigenare. Dialects: Kalderash, Lovari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
More information.
Saami, Lule [smj] 1,500 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 2,000. Ethnic population: 6,000 in Sweden. Lapland along the Lule River in Gällivare and Jokkmokk. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Lule, Saami, "Lapp". Dialects: Lule Saami is quite distinct from other Saami. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern
More information.
Saami, North [sme] 4,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 5,000 in Sweden (1994 SIL). Karesuando and Jukkasjärvi. Alternate names: Norwegian Saami, "Lapp", Saame, Same, Samic, Northern Lappish, Northern Saami. Dialects: Ruija, Torne, Sea Lappish. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern
More information.
Saami, Pite [sje] 20 in Sweden (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 2,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Lapland along Pite River in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Saami, "Lapp", Pite. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern Nearly extinct.
More information.
Saami, South [sma] 300 in Sweden(1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 600. Ethnic population: 600 in Sweden. Vilhelmina in Lapland, in Jämtland, Härjedalen, and Idre in Dalarna. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Southern Lapp. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Southern
More information.
Saami, Ume [sju] 20 (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1995 M. Krauss). Lycksele, Mala, Tärna, and Sorsele, along the Ume River. Probably no speakers in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Saami, Ume. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Southern Nearly extinct.
More information.
Scanian [scy] 80,000 in Sweden (2002). Blekinge, Halland, Skåne in Sweden. The main regional city is Malmö. Also spoken in Denmark. Alternate names: Skånska, Skånsk, Southern Swedish, Eastern Danish. Dialects: Halländska, Skånska, Blekingska, Bornholmsk. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Swedish [swe] 7,825,000 in Sweden (1986). Population includes 5,000 speakers of Gutniska (1998 Sven Håkansson). Population total all countries: 8,789,835. The Göta dialect group is southern, including parts of Småland, south Swedish provinces, Värmland, Västergvtland; the Svea dialect group is northern, including Hälsingland, parts of Östergötland and Uppland, and the Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. Southern Swedish is in Skåne, Blekinge, southern Småland, southern Halland. Northern Swedish is from northern Hälsingland and Jämtland and northwards. Eastern Swedish is in Finland, Estonia, and Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine. Gutnic is in southeastern Isle of Gotland and Fårö. Nearly extinct in Estonia. Also spoken in Canada, Estonia, Finland, Norway, United Arab Emirates, USA. Alternate names: Svenska, Ruotsi. Dialects: Northern Swedish (Norrland), Eastern Swedish (Finland Swedish, Estonian Swedish), Svea, Gutniska (Gutamal, Gotlandic, Gutnic). 'Proper' Swedish is considered to be spoken in Svealand. Dialect investigation is needed of diverse varieties Gutniska, Överkalixmål, Nörpes, Pitemål, provinces around the Bothnic Sea (Västerbotten and Norbotten in Sweden, and Oesterbotten in Finland), and the island of Gotland. Gutniska is descended from Forngutniska (Old Gotlandic), which is ranked as a separate language. A mixed variety, with Turkish influence, Rinkebysvenska, is used among immigrants. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Swedish Sign Language [swl] 8,000 deaf primary users, and the first language of many hearing children of deaf parents (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). Dialects: No origins from other sign languages, but it has influenced Portuguese and Finnish sign languages. Intelligible with Norwegian and Danish sign languages with only moderate difficulty. Not intelligible with Finnish Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language
Capital city:
Stockholm
Meaning country name:
An old English plural form of Swede. The exact development of the ethnonym remains uncertain, but it certainly derives from the Old English Sweoðeod, in Old Norse: Sviþjoð. The etymology of the first element, Svi, links to the PIE *suos (one's own, of one's own kin). The last element, þjoð, means "people", cognate with deut in Deutsch and teut in Teutons.
Sverige (native name): derives from the phrase Svia Rike, meaning "the realm of the Swedes" (possibly through Danish, even though a similar linguistic evolution happened within Swedish: mik->mig).
An tSualainn (Irish name): means (literally) Swedeland and is formed from an ethnonym Sua, evidently derived from Svia (see above) and -lann, a common suffix denoting abstract nouns in Irish. The inclusion of an, the singular definite article, as well as the elipsis t is necessary for grammatical purposes.
Ruotsi (Finnish), Rootsi (Estonian), Rūotšmō (Livonian), Ruoŧŧa (Sami): probably from a Varangian people called the Rus', originating from Roslagen in Svealand. Scholars debate the meaning of rus, but it probably originates from the element roþs- ("relating to rowing") which has the same origin as row.
Description Flag:
The flag of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges flagga) is blue with a yellow Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag. The design and colors of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present Coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross pattée of gold, and modeled on the Danish flag. Blue and yellow have been used as Swedish colors at least since king Magnus Birgersson's royal coat of arms of 1275.
According to the mythology, the Swedish 12th century king Eric the Holy saw a yellow cross in the sky as he landed in Finland during the First Swedish Crusade in 1157. Seeing this as a sign from God he adopted the yellow cross against a blue background as his banner.
It has also been suggested that the Swedish flag might have been a resistance flag against the Danish flag, which is red with a white cross, and which has been known since 1219. According to this theory, the Swedish flag was created during the reign of King Charles Knutsson, who also introduced the Coat of arms of Sweden in 1442. The national coat of arms is a combination of King Albert of Mecklenburg's coat of arms of 1364 and King Magnus Birgersson's coat of arms of 1275, and is blue divided quarterly by a golden cross pattée.
Other historians claim that the Swedish flag was blue with a white cross before 1420, and became blue with a golden cross only during the early reign of King Gustaf Vasa, who successfully liberated Sweden from the temporary tyranny of the Danish King Christian II in 1521
Coat of arms:
The greater national coat of arms (stora riksvapnet) and the lesser national coat of arms (lilla riksvapnet) are the official coats of arms of Sweden.
The shield has four elements: The first and fourth fields, top left and bottom right, show the three Royal Crowns of Sweden. They have been a national symbol since the time of King Albert of Mecklenburg. The second and third field, top right and bottom left, are the traditional Lions of the Folkunga Dynasty.
The escutcheon is supported by two lions with forked tails (queue fourchée), facing away from the shield and crowned with Royal Crowns. The lion has for centuries been an important element in Swedish heraldry and especially for the State Coat of Arms.
Motto:
"För Sverige - I tiden"
National Anthem: Du gamla, du fria
Original verses by Richard Dybeck:
1
Du gamla, Du fria, Du fjällhöga nord
Du tysta, Du glädjerika sköna!
Jag hälsar Dig, vänaste land uppå jord,
/: Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna.:/
2
Du tronar på minnen från fornstora dar,
då ärat Ditt namn flög över jorden.
Jag vet att Du är och Du bliver vad du var.
/: Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/
Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)
3
Jag städs vill dig tjäna mitt älskade land,
din trohet till döden vill jag svära.
Din rätt, skall jag värna, med håg och med hand,
/:din fana, högt den bragderika bära.:/
4
Med Gud skall jag kämpa, för hem och för härd,
för Sverige, den kära fosterjorden.
Jag byter Dig ej, mot allt i en värld
/: Nej, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/
Literal translation
Original verses by Richard Dybeck:
1
Thou ancient, thou free, thou mountainous North
Thou quiet, thou joyful beauty!
I greet Thee, most beautiful land upon earth,
/:Thy sun, Thy sky, Thine meadows green.:/
2
Thou throne upon memories of great olden days,
When honoured thy name flew over the world,
I know that thou art and wilt be as thou wert,
/: Yes, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic :/
Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)
3
I forever will serve my beloved country,
your faith until death will I swear,
Your right will I protect with mind and with hand,
/:your banner, great the feats it carries.:/
4
With God shall I struggle (fight), for home and for hearth,
for Sweden, the dear motherland.
I trade You not, for anything in the world
/: No, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic.:/
Royal Anthem: Kungssången
1. Ur svenska hjärtans djup en gång
en samfälld och en enkel sång,
som går till kungen fram!
Var honom trofast och hans ätt,
gör kronan på hans hjässa lätt,
och all din tro till honom sätt,
du folk av frejdad stam!
2. O konung, folkets majestät
är även ditt: beskärma det
och värna det från fall!
Stå oss all världens härar mot,
vi blinka ej för deras hot:
vi lägga dem inför din fot -
en kunglig fotapall.
3. Men stundar ock vårt fall en dag,
från dina skuldror purpurn tag,
lyft av dig kronans tvång
och drag de kära färger på,
det gamla gula och det blå,
och med ett svärd i handen gå
till kamp och undergång!
4. Och grip vår sista fana du
och dristeliga för ännu
i döden dina män!
Ditt trogna folk med hjältemod
skall sömma av sitt bästa blod
en kunglig purpur varm och god,
och svepa dig i den.
5. Du himlens Herre, med oss var,
som förr du med oss varit har,
och liva på vår strand
det gamla lynnets art igen
hos sveakungen och hans män.
Och låt din ande vila än
utöver nordanland!
Translation (Highly unofficial)
1. From the depth of Swedish hearts,
a joint and simple song,
which to the King reaches forth!
Be faithful to him and his line,
the crown upon his head, make light,
and all your faith in him invest,
you folk of high renown.
2. Oh King, the majesty of this people
Is also yours - embrace it
And protect it from decline.
Stands all the armies of the world against us,
We fear not their threat
We place them before your foot
As a royal footstool
3. If one day our fall is near
From your shoulders let the mantle fall
Remove the burden of the crown
And put on the beloved colours
The old yellow and the blue,
life the sword by the hilt and go
Towards war and doom
4. Raise our last banner in your hand
And lead your men yet
To the end and into death
Your faithful people of heroes stock,
Of their best blood, they shall sew
A royal robe, warm and pure
And shroud you in it
5. You Lord of heaven, stay with us
Just like you did in the olden days
And live on our shores
the old life and spirit
Of the Svea king and his men
And let your spirit rest
Above the Northern Land
Internet Page: www.sweden.gov.se
Sweden in diferent languages
eng | cym | fry: Sweden
cos | ita | lld | roh-enb | roh-eno | roh-gri: Svezia
ast | glg | spa: Suecia
dan | nor | swe: Sverige
eus | ron | sqi: Suedia
fra | frp | jnf: Suède
arg | roh-srs: Suezia
cat | oci: Suècia
ces | slk: Švédsko
deu | ltz: Schweden / Schweden
hrv | slv: Švedska
kaa | uzb: Shvetsiya / Швеция
kin | run: Ubusuwedi
afr: Swede
aze: İsveç / Исвеч
bam: Suwɛdi
bos: Švedska / Шведска
bre: Sveden
cor: Swedherwyk; Sweden
crh: İsveçiya / Исвечия
csb: Szwedzkô
dsb: Šwedska; Šwedojska
epo: Svedujo; Svedio
est: Rootsi
fao: Svøríki
fin: Ruotsi
fur: Svezie
gag: Şveţiya / Швеция
gla: An t-Suain
gle: An tSualainn / An tSualainn
glv: Yn Toolynn
hat: Syèd
hau: Sweeden; Sweden
hsb: Šwedska
hun: Svédország
ibo: Swiden
ina: Svedia; Sveda
ind: Swedia / سويديا
isl: Svíþjóð
jav: Swedia
kal: Svenskit Nunaat; Sverige
kmr: Sûêd / Суед / سووئێد; Siwêç / Сьwеч / سوێچ; Şvêsî / Швеси / شڤێسی
kur: Swêd; Siwêd / سوێد; Svêçistan / سڤێچستان
lat: Suecia; Suetia
lav: Zviedrija
lim: Zwaede; Zwede
lin: Swési
lit: Švedija
liv: Rūotšmō
mfe: Laswed
mlg: Soeda
mlt: Svezja
mol: Suedia / Суедия
mri: Huitene
msa: Sweden / سويدن
nds: Sweden / Sweden
nld: Zweden
non: Svíþjóð; Svíaríki
nrm: Suêde
pol: Szwecja
por: Suécia
que: Suysya
rmy: Svedo / स्वेदो
rup: Suidia
sag: Süîdi
scn: Svezzia
sco: Swaden
slo: Sxvedia / Шведиа
sma: Sveerje
sme: Ruoŧŧa
smg: Švedėjė
smj: Svierik
smo: Suetena
som: Iswidhan
srd: Isvétzia
swa: Uswidi
szl: Šwecyjo
tet: Suésia
tgl: Suwesya
ton: Sueteni
tpi: Swidan
tuk: Şwesiýa / Швеция
tur: İsveç
vie: Thụy Điển
vol: Svedän
vor: Roodsi
wln: Suwede
wol: Suweed
zul: iSwidi
zza: İsweç
chu: Свеньско (Svenĭsko)
abq | alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Швеция (Švecija)
che | chv | oss: Швеци (Šveci)
mon | xal: Швед (Šved)
bak: Швеция / Şveciya
bel: Швецыя / Šviecyja; Швэцыя / Švecyja
chm: Швеций (Švecij)
kaz: Швеция / Şvecïya / شۆەتسيا
kbd: Швецие (Švecie)
mkd: Шведска (Švedska)
srp: Шведска / Švedska
tat: Исвәҗ / İsväc; Швеция / Şvetsiä
tgk: Шветсия / شوتسیه / Şvetsija
ukr: Швеція (Švecija)
ara: السويد (as-Suwīd); أسوج (Asūǧ)
ckb: سوید / S(i)wîd; سوێد / S(i)wêd
fas: سوئد / Sued; سود / Soved
prs: سویدن (Svīden)
pus: سويډن (Swīḋən); سويدن (Swīdən)
uig: شىۋېتسىيە / Shiwétsiye / Швеция
urd: سویڈن (Savīḋan); سویڈین (Savīḋen)
div: ސްވިޑްން (Sviḋn)
syr: ܣܘܝܕ (Swīd)
heb: שודיה / שוודיה (Švedyah); שבדיה (Šṿedyah)
lad: סואיסיה / Suesia
yid: שװעדן (Švedn)
amh: ስዊድን (Swidən)
ell: Σουηδία (Soyīdía)
hye: Շվեդիա (Švedia)
kat: შვედეთი (Švedeṭi); შვეცია (Švec̣ia)
hin: स्वीडन (Svīḍan); स्वीडेन (Svīḍen)
ben: সুইডেন (Suiḍen)
pan: ਸਵੀਡਨ (Svīḍan)
kan: ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ (Svīḍan)
mal: സ്വീഡന് (Svīḍan)
tam: சுவீடன் (Čuvīṭaṉ); ஸ்வீடன் (Svīṭaṉ)
tel: స్వీడన్ (Svīḍan)
zho: 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)
yue: 瑞典 (Seuihdín)
jpn: スウェーデン (Suwēden)
kor: 스웨덴 (Seuweden)
bod: སི་ཝེ་དེན་ (Si.we.den.); རུའེ་དེན་ (Ru'e.den.); རོས་ཏེན་ (Ros.ten.); སུའེ་རྡན་ (Su'e.rdan.)
dzo: སུའི་ཌན་ (Su'i.ḍan.)
mya: ဆ္ဝီဒင္ (Sʰwidĩ)
tha: สวีเดน (Sawīdēn)
lao: ຊຸຍແອດ (Suy'ǣt)
khm: ស៊ុយអែត (Suy'æt)