View allAll Photos Tagged translucent
This one-legged gull was playing in the updrafts created by a ferry on Sydney Harbour. I love the way that its wings and tail are translucent and that you can see the golden glow of the late afternoon sun is reflected on its belly. Note the other gull bottom-right corner :-)
Had the best intentions of hitting the Taste of Chicago yesterday, but due to pounding of rain we've had, they closed the event. Instead, a detour to the Art Institute of Chicago was a happy alternative. Here are some favorites of the day.
I had never been to the modern/contemporary wing of the institute. One of most intriguing pieces was this one. It is a semi-translucent hemisphere with its open-end facing backwards with a bright-light inside. Four other spot lights, in each corner outside of my frame, are aimed at the hemisphere with their respective shadows falling on a white wall behind the suspended hemisphere.
There is a metallic band around the "equator" of the hemisphere and you can see the reflection of the spot lights on the ends of the bands, but the central portion is left with little direct light and looks dark by comparison. A true torture test for any lens' aberration!
I use to think that Autumn was the only time for fungi, but finding this tiny one growing from a crack in a bit of dark, sure does brighten a winter day.
I just had to have her, as soon as I saw her. Translucent, tan, silver hair - she is perfect. I might change a few things, but not in the near future.
Trafalgar Square on a Sparkling Sunday Afternoon
The translucent red and yellow sculpture is on the"Fourth Plinth". The Fourth Plinth is in the north-west of Trafalgar Square, in central London. Built in 1841, it was originally intended for an equestrian statue but was empty for many years. It is now the location for specially commissioned art works. Mayor of London Boris Johnson has announced the next two commissions to be placed on the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square, to follow Thomas Schütte's 'Model for a Hotel 2007'. The winning artists are:
* Antony Gormley
* Yinka Shonibare MBE
Antony Gormley’s proposal 'One and Other' will be looking for 2,400 members of the public to occupy the Fourth Plinth 24 hours a day at a later date. The registration process will be announced in due course, so you are advised to continue to check this website for further details on how to take part.
Here are some quotes from the current Wikipedia article on Trafalgar Square:
"Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London, it is a tourist attraction; its trademark is Nelson's Column which stands in the centre and the four lion statues that guard the column. Statues and sculptures are on display in the square, including a fourth plinth displaying changing pieces of contemporary art, and it is a site of political demonstrations. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth's Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square".
The northern area of the square had been the site of the King's Mews since the time of Edward I, while the southern end was the original Charing Cross, where the Strand from the City met Whitehall, coming north from Westminster. As the midpoint between these twin cities, Charing Cross is to this day considered the heart of London, from which all distances are measured. In the 1820s the Prince Regent engaged the landscape architect John Nash to redevelop the area. Nash cleared the square as part of his Charing Cross Improvement Scheme. The present architecture of the square is due to Sir Charles Barry and was completed in 1845.
The square consists of a large central area surrounded by roadways on three sides, and stairs leading to the National Gallery on the other. The roads which cross the square form part of the A4 road, and prior to 2003, the square was surrounded by a one-way traffic system. Underpasses attached to Charing Cross tube station allow pedestrians to avoid traffic. Recent works have reduced the width of the roads and closed the northern side of the square to traffic. Nelson's Column is in the centre of the square, surrounded by fountains designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in 1939 (replacing two earlier fountains of Peterhead granite, now at the Wascana Centre and Confederation Park in Canada) and four huge bronze lions sculpted by Sir Edwin Landseer; the metal used is said to have been recycled from the cannon of the French fleet. The column is topped by a statue of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, the admiral who commanded the British Fleet at Trafalgar.
On the north side of the square is the National Gallery and to its east the St Martin's-in-the-Fields church. The square adjoins The Mall via Admiralty Arch to the southwest. To the south is Whitehall, to the east Strand and South Africa House, to the north Charing Cross Road and on the west side Canada House. At the corners of the square are four plinths; the two northern ones were intended for equestrian statues, and thus are wider than the two southern. Three of them hold statues: George IV (northeast, 1840s), Henry Havelock (southeast, 1861, by William Behnes), and Sir Charles James Napier (southwest, 1855). Mayor of London Ken Livingstone controversially expressed a desire to see the two generals replaced with statues "ordinary Londoners would know".[1]
On the lawn in front of the National Gallery are two statues, James II to the west of the entrance portico and George Washington to the east. The latter statue, a gift from the state of Virginia, stands on soil imported from the United States. This was done in order to honour Washington's declaration he would never again set foot on British soil. In 1888 the statue of General Charles George Gordon was erected. In 1943 the statue was removed and, in 1953, re-sited on the Victoria Embankment. A bust of the Second World War First Sea Lord Admiral Cunningham by Franta Belsky was unveiled in Trafalgar Square on 2 April 1967 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[3]
The Square has become a social and political location for visitors and Londoners alike, developing over its history from "an esplanade peopled with figures of national heroes, into the country’s foremost place politique," as historian Rodney Mace has written. Its symbolic importance was demonstrated in 1940 when the Nazi SS developed secret plans to transfer Nelson's Column to Berlin following an expected German invasion, as related by Norman Longmate in If Britain Had Fallen (1972)."
This thinly cut marble was a window decoration at a new hospital I was visiting.
NOTE: Personal use of my images requires attribution to my stock agency (credit ''Stock Solution Photo Agency'') and a link to my Web site: ''The Stock Solution''. If you'd like to use one of my images, just send an email to "royce.bairATgmail" (replace "AT" with "@"). I also have higher resolutions (2048 x 1536 pixels) for commercial uses.
Sent from Royce Bair's iPhone
Re-posted from my FotoWrite blog
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Keywords: marble, stone, metamorphic rock, abstract, art,
Irregular pale patchwork covers part of the mantle. Yellow viscera within translucent shell is faintly visible through translucent areas of the mantle.
The spire (1) does not protrude beyond the smooth uninterrupted ellipse outline of the shell. The widely-open aperture reveals the interior of the spire (2).
Lengths: body 7 mm, shell 3.2 mm.
Menai Strait, Wales. August 2010.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
Sets of OTHER SPECIES: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
PDF version at www.researchgate.net/publication/350957294_Lamellaria_lat...
Lamellaria latens (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140172
Synonyms: Bulla latens O. F. Müller, 1776; Lamellaria tentaculata Montagu, 1816; Lamellaria perspicua var. lata Jeffreys, 1867.
Meaning of name: Lamellaria (Latin) = like a thin plate or leaf (referring to the mantle).
latens (Latin) = hidden (referring to shell)
Vernacular: Klein glasmuitje (Dutch);
GLOSSARY below.
Introduction
Lamellaria are dioecious gastropods in subclass Caenogastropoda ("Prosobranchia" in 20th Century publications), closely related to European cowries, Trivia species (fig. 1 flic.kr/p/2kT1f6q ), rather than hermaphrodites in subclass Heterobranchia (formerly "Opisthobranchia") like the majority of seaslugs. But, having a concealed internal shell into which they cannot retreat, they qualify as 'seaslugs', a vernacular, non-scientific term. (Terms explained in glossary below.)
Shell description
The weakly calcified, easily fractured, translucent shell (fig. 2 flic.kr/p/2kT3Gbi ) is permanently enclosed when alive by the fused right and left mantle lobes. The longest shell dimension is up to 5 mm and its width to 4 mm. The very large body whorl forms over 90% of the shell. Two small spire whorls meet at a distinct suture. The spire is inconspicuous as it does not protrude beyond the outer lip of the aperture so when the shell is examined in plan-view it forms a smooth uninterrupted ellipse (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/2kT2RLi ). The widely-open, weak lipped aperture reveals the interior of the spire. The shell varies with the degree of calcification from colourless semitransparent to clouded translucent white, but when seen through the mantle it may appear yellow because of the viscera within it (fig. 3 flic.kr/p/2kT2RLi ). There is no sculpture other than fine growth lines and extremely faint spiral lines. There is possible ambiguity over shell sizes in published accounts because of difficulty in measuring conventional height (apex to base of aperture) of these fragile and unusually shaped shells and, perhaps, identification confusion in collections of L. perspicua and L. latens shells. There is no operculum.
Body description
The body is usually up to 10 mm long and 6 mm wide (Graham, 1988); lengths 6-8 mm are more frequent, but often overlooked. The dorsum is entirely and permanently covered by the fused mantle lobes which are smooth or have small irregular tubercles. Individuals can vary their shape from almost flat to inverted saucer or shallow bowl (figs. 4 flic.kr/p/2kT3G9Q & 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH ).
The anterior edge of the mantle is curved into a siphon which can vary from a constricted, entire cylinder to one that is slack and gaping along its anterior face (fig. 6 flic.kr/p/2kT3G63 ). There are no gills or tentacles on the dorsal mantle surface.
Colour: dorsally, most of the mantle is whitish or sandy, often with fine black dots, and yellow flecks near the mantle edge (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH ). Frequently, opaque white, subdued yellows and pale browns cover part of the mantle in an irregular patch work (figs. 3 flic.kr/p/2kT2RLi & 4 flic.kr/p/2kT3G9Q ) or in a pattern, on a general opaque whitish or pale yellow surface, of many small black spots and larger circular gaps often showing the more intense ochreous colour of the viscera underlying the internal translucent shell (fig. 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH ). This pattern resembles the small inhalent openings and large exhalent (cloacal) openings of Diplosoma and Trididemnum compound sea squirts. Below the exterior surface of the mantle, the whole animal, including the ventral face of the mantle, is translucent white without tint of any other colour such as lilac-grey, apart from occasionally discernible viscera, or dorsal mantle marks visible through the mantle from below (fig.7 flic.kr/p/2kT1eSz ). Small patches of opaque, pure white on the head and/or underside of the mantle are diagnostic of this species (figs. 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH & 7 flic.kr/p/2kT1eSz )
When not in feeding position, the head is flat and rectangular with long, slender, smooth cephalic tentacles on the anterior corners and no visible snout projecting between the tentacles (figs. 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH & 8 flic.kr/p/2kT2Ryj ). On the ventral face of the head there is an opening to a sac containing an inverted, opaque whitish, feeding proboscis visible inside the translucent head (fig. 9 flic.kr/p/2kT48cP ). The simple, obscure opening lacks lips or other oral features as the true mouth with buccal mass lies at the far end of the inverted proboscis when not feeding. At low magnification, the radula, as long as or longer than the shell when straightened, has visible a large lateral tooth on each side (fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2kT48cy ). Other smaller laterals are visible under higher magnification.
The mantle lobes extend beyond the shell to create a peripheral cavity which covers the head and foot (fig7 flic.kr/p/2kT1eSz ), but the true respiratory mantle cavity containing a bipectinate osphradium and large, unipectinate ctenidium is hidden within the shell, above the head and close to the respiratory siphon with an opening restricted by the shell rim and mantle. The straight-sided foot is rounded at both ends (fig. 7 flic.kr/p/2kT1eSz ). The widely bilaminate anterior (fig. 8 flic.kr/p/2kT2Ryj ) contains the anterior pedal gland, and sometimes assumes an axe-head form (fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2kT48c3 ) when the foot extends. The dorsal surface of the foot is a similar colour to the ventral surface of the mantle.
Key identification features
Lamellaria latens
Diagnostic features , 6 & 7, of L. latens which are not found on L. perspicua are in bold font. Other features are usually found on L. latens, but sometimes also on the widely variable L. perspicua.
1: Maximum length when live 10mm (6 to 8 mm frequent size).
!! Young L. perspicua can be under 10mm length (fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 ).
2: mantle lobes fused; no dorsal break or joint visible.
!! applies to both L. latens and L. perspicua.
3: Dorsal surface smooth or with small irregular tubercles.
!! Some L. perspicua can be also (fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 ).
4: Dorsal colours mainly whitish or sandy, often with fine black dots and, near the mantle edge, yellow flecks.
!! Some L. perspicua have these markings (fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 ).
5: Individuals can vary their shape from almost flat to inverted saucer or shallow bowl (fig. 4 flic.kr/p/2kT3G9Q ).
!! L. perspicua though usually higher, can lower itself to a shallow bowl (fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2kT8dfA ).
6: A few opaque bright white marks on translucent whitish head and/or semitransparent underside of mantle-lobes (figs. 5 flic.kr/p/2kT2RHH & 7 flic.kr/p/2kT1eSz ). Often dorsal markings visible through the mantle lobes from below.
7: Spire of shell does not protrude beyond outer lip of aperture so shell outline is a smooth uninterrupted ellipse when viewed in plan (figs. 2 flic.kr/p/2kT3Gbi & 3 flic.kr/p/2kT2RLi ).
Similar species
Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758). (figs. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 , 12.1 flic.kr/p/2kT8dh4 , 13 flic.kr/p/2kT8dfA & 14 flic.kr/p/2kT1eCG ).
1: maximum length when live usually 23 mm, occasionally 30mm .
2: mantle lobes fused; no dorsal break or joint visible.
3: dorsal surface varies from strongly tuberculated to almost smooth.
4: dorsal surface has wide range of colours and patterns, including ones similar to L. latens (figs. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 , 12.1 flic.kr/p/2kT8dh4 & 13 flic.kr/p/2kT8dfA ).
5: shape of live animal is moderate to high dome or conical.
6: ventral surface of mantle lobes includes pale shades of lilac-grey, buff, off-white, orange and grey-brown, not with pure white, opaque marks on ventral surface of mantle lobes or head (fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2kT1eCG ) . Occasionally translucent enough to see from underside the overlying dorsal pattern.
7: short spire protrudes beyond outer lip of aperture when ear-shaped shell is viewed in plan (fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2kT8dj8 ).
Velutina plicatilis (O. F. Müller, 1776)
1: maximum length when live c.18 mm (excluding protruding foot and tentacles).
2: thick un-fused mantle lobes can overlap a short way onto the exterior of the shell, but not sufficiently to cover it all (fig. 15 flic.kr/p/2kT3FJ6 ).
3: very weakly calcified, brown shell (fig. 16 flic.kr/p/2kT3FG2 ) consists mainly of periostracum which, when live, forms a velvety surface often mistaken for the mantle of Lamellaria.
4: body and extended mantle lobes orange or yellow; (sometimes white, Graham, 1988). Shell is semi-transparent showing yellow, orange or brown viscera (fig. 15 flic.kr/p/2kT3FJ6 ).
5: active animal is egg-shape with a large flat foot, and tentacles on a snoutless head, but no external gills or siphon (fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2kT47Th ).
7: shell has short spire which barely protrudes from the outline of the shell, and the apex is recessed below the previous whorl.
Trivia monacha (da Costa 1778) & Trivia arctica (Pulteney, 1779) juveniles.
1: maximum length when live 13 mm (excluding protruding foot and tentacles).
2 mantle lobes not fused; often withdrawn to expose juvenile white shell. If fully expanded, a dorsal break line is present (fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2kT1evn ), but not always visible in photographs.
3 dorsal surface of mantle smooth or with papillae (fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2kT1evn & (fig. 19 flic.kr/p/2kT3FyB )
4 dorsally, mantle is whitish or yellowish-white; developing dark bands and/or marks as it matures (fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2kT1evn ).
5 live animal spheroid.
7 juvenile shell is coiled and does not expose majority of interior.
Turbellaria
When viewed dorsally, some Turbellarian worms (fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2kT2Rc2 ) have a shape and colour similar to that of L. latens, but closer examination will show their lack of a siphon, shell and differentiated head.
Habits and ecology
Low water spring tide to more than 100 m depth. On or under stones and rock ledges, in rock pools and in Laminaria holdfasts near its compound ascidian prey, including Polyclinum , Leptoclinum and Trididemnum). For defence against predators, L. latens relies on its cryptic colouring which can resemble its ascidian prey, and probably on repugnatory acid secreted by the mantle. Respiration: inhalent water enters the mantle cavity through an anterior siphon formed by a curling of the mantle. It passes through the large bipectinate osphradium which tests the water quality and may sieve out large detritus particles before the water reaches the large unipectinate ctenidium. Reproduction is not well known. Egg capsules are probably inserted into ascidians. Echinospira larvae, assumed to be this species, have been found in the plankton.
Distribution and status
Northern Norway to the Mediterranean. Widespread round Britain and Ireland where hard substrate and ascidians occur. Scarce or absent from N.E. Irish Sea and from British and continental sectors of the southern North Sea. GBIF distribution map www.gbif.org/species/5192994 . U.K. distribution map NBN species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021055628
Acknowledgements
I am most grateful for use of images by George Brown, Jon Chamberlain, Liam Faisey, Paula Lightfoot, Chris Rickard and Neil Ward, and to Steve Trewhella for a specimen.
Links and references
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1853. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3, London, van Voorst. pp. 358-359. [as L. tentaculata] archive.org/details/ahistorybritish05forbgoog/page/n372/m...
and fig. 2 plate PP in vol.1 (1853) archive.org/details/historyofbritish01forb/page/n718/mode...
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs: their functional anatomy and ecology. London, Ray Society.
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1981. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 6 – Cerithiacea, Strombacea, Hipponicacea, Calyptraeacea, Lamellariacea, Cypraeacea, Naticacea, Tonnacea, Heteropoda. J. Moll. Stud. Suppl. 9: 285-363.
Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. 662 pp.
Høisæter, T. 2009. Distribution of marine, benthic, shell bearing gastropods along the Norwegian coast. Fauna norvegica 28: 5-106.
www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/fauna_norvegica/article/view/563
Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 4 (1867). London, van Voorst. [as L. perspicua var. lata ] archive.org/details/britishconcholog04jeff/page/236/mode/1up
McKay, D. & Smith, S.M. 1979. Marine mollusca of East Scotland. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum.
Wigham, G.D. & Graham, A. 2017. Marine gastropods 2: Littorinimorpha and other, unassigned, Caenogastropoda. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.61. (344 pp).Telford, England, Field Studies Council .
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140172
Glossary
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
bipectinate = like feather with central axis and series of filaments or lamellae on either side.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill; usually an axis with a row of filaments or lamellae on one or two sides.
echinospira = special form of drifting larva with an inner and outer shell, the intervening space filled with sea water.
gonochor(ist)ic = (syn. dioecious) having separate male and female individuals, not hermaphrodite.
height = (of gastropod shells, as in most publications) distance from apex of spire to base of aperture but, as difficult to measure on Lamellaria, the longest linear dimension is used in this account.
inverted = turned inside out and, like a sock, capable of turning outside out.
operculum = plate of horny conchiolin, rarely calcareous, used to close shell aperture. Absent from Lamellaria .
osphradium = organ for testing water quality (chemical and/or for particles) usually near ctenidium (gill).
papilla = (pl. papillae) small cone-shaped protrusion of flesh.
papillate = covered in papillae
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
plankton = animals and plants that drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).
prosobranch = member of Prosobranchia, one of three subclasses into which the class Gastropoda (slugs and snails) was divided during the 20th Century (other two were Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia). This classification is no longer used by scientists, but prosobranch is a useful informal term to signify (mainly marine) snails breathing with a ctenidium (comblike gill inside mantle cavity), an operculum, and a shell which can accommodate the whole body. There are some exceptions, based on soft part anatomy, such as the prosobranch seaslug Lamellaria with a concealed internal shell and no operculum, and the opisthobranch snail Acteon which can withdraw within its shell. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosobranchia
seaslug / sea slug = (vernacular term) any gastropod without a shell, or with a shell, internal or external, into which it cannot fully withdraw.
sea snail = (vernacular term) any gastropod with a shell into which it can completely withdraw.
suture = groove or line where whorls of gastropod shell adjoin.
unipectinate = with central axis and series of lamellae on one side.
veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (lobed flap).
Balcony gardening. Nice weather again. Hicima leaves are inedible.
ONLY the root portion of jicama is edible. The leaves, flowers and vines of the plant contain rotenone, a natural insecticide designed to protect the plant from predators. Eating any of these parts of the plant can cause a toxic reaction.
Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jícama (/ˈhɪkəmə/ or /dʒɪˈkɑːmə/;[1] Spanish jícama [ˈxikama] (About this soundlisten); from Nahuatl xīcamatl, [ʃiːˈkamatɬ]), Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus Pachyrhizus in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas. Pachyrhizus tuberosus[2] and Pachyrhizus ahipa are the other two cultivated species. The naming of this group of edible plants seems confused, with much overlap of similar or the same common names.
Pachyrhizus erosus
Pachyrhizus erosus Blanco2.249.png
Scientific classification:
Kingdom: (unranked):
Angiosperms: (unranked):
Eudicots: (unranked):
Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Pachyrhizus
Species: P. erosus
Binomial name: Pachyrhizus erosus
(L.) Urb.
Flowers, either blue or white, and pods similar to lima beans, are produced on fully developed plants. Several species of jicama occur, but the one found in many markets is P. erosus. The two cultivated forms of P. erosus are jicama de aguaand jicama de leche, both named for the consistency of their juice. The leche form has an elongated root and milky juice, while the aguaform has a top-shaped to oblate root and a more watery, translucent juice, and is the preferred form for market.[3][4]
Botany:
Other names for jicama include Mexican potato, ahipa, saa got, Chinese potato, and sweet turnip. In Ecuador and Peru, the name jicama is used for the unrelated yacón or Peruvian ground apple, a plant of the sunflower family whose tubers are also used as food.[4]
Fresh jícama for sale at a farmers' market
The jícama vine can reach a height of 4–5 m given suitable support. Its root can attain lengths up to 2 m and weigh up to 20 kg. The heaviest jícama root ever recorded weighed 23 kg and was found in 2010 in the Philippines (where they are called singkamas).[5] Jicama is frost-tender and requires 9 months without frost for a good harvest of large tubers or to grow it commercially. It is worth growing in cooler areas that have at least 5 months without frost, as it will still produce tubers, but they will be smaller. Warm, temperate areas with at least 5 months without frost can start seed 8 to 10 weeks before the last spring frost. Bottom heat is recommended, as the seeds require warm temperatures to germinate, so the pots will need to be kept in a warm place. Jicama is unsuitable for areas with a short growing season unless cultured in a greenhouse. Growers in tropical areas can sow seed at any time of the year. Those in subtropical areas should sow seed once the soil has warmed in the spring.[6]
History:
The jicama originated in Mexico and central America.[7] It has been found at archaeological sites in Peru dating to 3000 BC.[7] In the 17th century, the jicama was introduced to Asia by the Spanish.[7]
In cooking:
Diced fresh jícama, seasoned with Tajín chili powder
The root's exterior is yellow and papery, while its inside is creamy white with a crisp texture that resembles raw potato or pear. The flavor is sweet and starchy, reminiscent of some apples or raw green beans, and it is usually eaten raw, sometimes with salt, lemon, or lime juice, alguashte, and chili powder. It is also cooked in soups and stir-fried dishes. Jícama is often paired with chilli powder, cilantro, ginger, lemon, lime, orange, red onion, salsa, sesame oil, grilled fish, and soy sauce.[8] It can be cut into thin wedges and dipped in salsa. In Mexico, it is popular in salads, fresh fruit combinations, fruit bars, soups, and other cooked dishes. In contrast to the root, the remainder of the jícama plant is very poisonous; the seeds contain the toxin rotenone, which is used to poison insects and fish.[9] The exterior of the seed pods are edible and can be used in cooking, for example the Ilocano dish “Bunga ng singkamas” where it is cooked in a stew as the main ingredient.
Spread to Asia:
Jícama
Yambean (jicama), raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy: 159 kJ (38 kcal)
Carbohydrates: 8.82 g
Sugars: 1.8 g
Dietary fiber: 4.9 g
Fat: 0.09 g
Protein: 0.72 g
Vitamins: Quantity%DV†.
Thiamine (B1): 2%0.02 mg
Riboflavin (B2): 2%0.029 mg
Niacin (B3): 1%0.2 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5): 3%0.135 mg
Vitamin B6: 3%0.042 mg
Folate (B9): 3%12 μg
Choline: 3%13.6 mg
Vitamin C: 24%20.2 mg
Minerals: Quantity%DV†
Calcium: 1%12 mg
Iron: 5%0.6 mg
Magnesium: 3%12 mg
Manganese: 3%0.06 mg
Phosphorus: 3%18 mg
Potassium: 3%150 mg
Sodium: 0%4 mg
Zinc: 2%0.16 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
Units:
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Food Data Central
Spaniards spread cultivation of jícama from Mexico to the Philippines (where it is known as singkamas, from Nahuatl xicamatl),[10] from there it went to China and other parts of Southeast Asia, where notable uses of raw jícama include popiah, bola-bola (meatballs) and fresh lumpia in the Philippines, and salads in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia such as yusheng and rojak.
In the Philippines, jícama is usually eaten fresh with condiments such as rice vinegar and sprinkled with salt, or with bagoong (shrimp paste). In Malay, it is known by the name ubi sengkuang. In Indonesia, jícama is known as bengkuang. This root crop is also known by people in Sumatra and Java,[citation needed] and eaten at fresh fruit bars or mixed in the rojak (a kind of spicy fruit salad). Padang, a city in West Sumatra, is called "the city of bengkuang". Local people might have thought that this jícama is the "indigenous crop" of Padang. The crop has been grown everywhere in this city and it has become a part of their culture.[11]
It is known by its Chinese name bang kuang to the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia. In Mandarin Chinese, it is known as dòushǔ (豆薯; lit. ‘bean potato’) or liáng shǔ (涼薯), as sa1 got (沙葛, same as "turnip") in Yue Chinese/Cantonese, and as mang-guang (芒光) in Teochew, where the word is borrowed from the Malay, and as dìguā (地瓜) in Guizhou province and several neighboring provinces of China, the latter term being shared with sweet potatoes. Jícama has become popular in Vietnamese food as an ingredient in pie, where it is called cây củ đậu (in northern Vietnam) or củ sắn or sắn nước (in southern Vietnam).
In Myanmar, it is called စိမ်းစားဥ (sane-saar-u). Its Thai name is มันแกว (man kaeo).[12] In Cambodia, it is known as ដំឡូងរលួស /dɑmlɔoŋ rəluəh/ or under its Chinese name as ប៉ិកួៈ ~ ប៉ិគក់ /peʔkŭəʔ/.[13]In Bengali, it is known as shankhalu (শাঁখ আলু), literally translating to "conch (shankha, শাঁখ) potato (alu, আলু)" for its shape, size, and colour. In Hindi, it is known as mishrikand (मिश्रीकंद). It is eaten during fast (उपवास) in Bihar (India) and is known as kesaur (केसौर). In Odia, it is known as (ଶଙ୍ଖ ସାରୁ) shankha saru. In Laos, it is called man phao (ມັນເພົາ),[14]smaller and tastes a little sweeter than the Mexican type. It is used as a snack by peeling off the outer layer of the skin, then cutting into bite sizes for eating like an apple or a pear.
Its formal Japanese common name is kuzu-imo (葛芋, lit. =‘kudzu vine’+ ‘tuber’), though it may be referred to as benkowan (ベンコワン) or bankuan (バンクアン) after the Indonesian name bengkuang or as hikama (ヒカマ) as in the Mexican name.[15]
Nutrition:
Jícama is high in carbohydrates in the form of dietary fiber (notably inulin).[16] It is composed of 86–90% water; it contains only trace amounts of protein and lipids. Its sweet flavor comes from the oligofructose inulin (also called fructo-oligosaccharide), which is a prebiotic. Jícama is very low in saturated fat and sodium. It is also a good source of vitamin C.[17]
Storage:
Learn more:
This section does not cite any sources. (July 2017)
Jícama should be stored dry, between 12 and 16 °C (53 and 60 °F). As colder temperatures will damage the roots, whole unpeeled jicama root should not be refrigerated. A fresh root stored at an appropriate temperature will keep for a month or two.
References:
^ Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014. S.v. "Jicama." Retrieved July 18, 2017 from www.thefreedictionary.com/jicama
^ Pachyrhizus tuberosus
^ Johnson, Hunter. "Extension Vegetable Specialist". UC-Davis.
^ a b "Globalization of Foods-Jicama". Global Bhasin. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ 'Heaviest' Singkamas Found in Ilocos
^ "Jicama Growing Information". Green Harvest. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ a b c Sanderson, Helen (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0415927463.
^ Green, Aliza (2004). Field Guide to Produce. Quirk Books. p. 194. ISBN 1-931686-80-7.
^ Duke, James A. (1992). "Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. CRC Press. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
^ "Singkamas". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
^ "What is Jicama?". Innovateus. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ So Sethaputra, New Model Thai-English Dictionary, Bangkok: Thai Watana Panich, 1965, p. 366.
^ Pauline Dy Phon, វចនានុក្រមរុក្ខជាតិប្រើប្រាស់ក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា, Dictionnaire des Plantes utilisées au Cambodge, Dictionary of Plants used in Cambodia, ភ្នំពេញ Phnom Penh, បោះពុម្ពលើកទី ១, រោងពុម្ព ហ ធីម អូឡាំពិក (រក្សាសិទ្ធិ៖ អ្នកគ្រូ ឌី ផុន) គ.ស. ២០០០, ទំព័រ ៤៨៥, 1st edition: 2000, Imprimerie Olympic Hor Thim (© Pauline Dy Phon), 1er tirage : 2000, Imprimerie Olympic Hor Thim, p. 485; វចនានុក្រមខ្មែរ ពុទ្ធសាសនបណ្ឌិត្យ ភ្នំពេញ ព.ស. ២៥១០-២៥១១ គ.ស. ១៩៦៧-១៩៦៨ ទំព័រ ៦២៧, ១០១៣, Dictionnaire cambodgien, Institut bouddhique de Phnom Penh, 1967-1968, p. 627, 1013.
^ Reinhorn, Marc, Dictionnaire laotien-français, Paris: CNRS, 1970, p. 1635.
^ Mitsubishi UFJ Research & Consulting (February 2019), Baiomasu nenryō bi anteichōtatsu/jizokukanōsei ni kakawaru chōsa バイオマス燃料の安定調達・持続可能性等に係る調査 [Study regarding the stable procurement, sustainability, etc., of biomass fuels] (PDF), p. 16, n9
^ Hughes SR, Qureshi N, López-Núñez JC, Jones MA, Jarodsky JM, Galindo-Leva LÁ, Lindquist MR (2017). "Utilization of inulin-containing waste in industrial fermentations to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals". World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 33 (4): 48. doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2241-6. PMID 28341907. S2CID 23678976.
^ "Nutrition Data: Yambean (jicama), raw". Nutrition Data. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
(further pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Motto tradition and innovation
Founded in 1817
Government-sponsored
Location Vienna, Austria
Director Ulrike Sych
Approximately 3,000 students
Approximately 850 employees
Professors of about 140
www.mdw.ac.at website
The University of Music and Performing Arts 2007
Columned hall to the stairs, Kaiserstein
Pillar staircase to open shaft, Kaiserstein
Institution building and former main building including Academy Theatre, Lothringerstraße 18
The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (mdw) is an Austrian university located in the 3rd District of Vienna Landstraße, Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1, it claims to be the largest art university in Austria and largest music university in the world. Approximately 3,000 students are supported by more than 850 teachers. It is since 2002 in 24 institutions structured offering the artistic, artistic-scientific and purely scientific doctrine. Since 2002 Werner Hasitschka is rector.
History
Already in 1808, was discussed on the establishment of a conservatory of music modelled on Paris (Conservatoire de Paris). The Society of Friends of Music in Vienna, founded in 1812 had set itself this ventur to the main task, so in 1817 a singing school was launched, which laid the foundation stone for such an institution. Thus 1817 is also known as the official founding year of mdw. In 1819 began with the Engagierung (engagement) of Joseph Boehm, professor of violin, music lessons.
With short interruptions was during the 19th Century the curriculum massively expanded so that in the 1890s more than 1,000 students could be counted. In 1909, this private institution was nationalized on resolution of the Emperor and was now kk Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
With the nationalization it also received an own house: In cooperation with the Vienna Konzerthaus Society from 1912 in the Lisztstraße was built a building together with a sample stage (Academy Opera, today), in which alreay in January 1914 could moved in. After World War I the institution was then State College (1919). In 1928, the Academy has been extended to a drama seminar (Reinhardt-Seminar) and a music educational seminar. Between 1938 and 1945 it was continued as a Reichshochschule (Reich high school) under exclusion of Jewish high school teachers and students.
After the war in 1946 the institution was again an art school, from 1970 to 1998 it was called the University of Music and Performing Arts, since 1998 it has been a university. In 1952 Walter Kolm-Veltée established a special training course for film making. In 1960 a film class led by Hans Winge was added. In 1963 the two courses were combined into the newly formed "Department of Film and Television". This was followed by additional courses, and since 1998, the department is also known as the Vienna Film Academy.
Building
In addition to the headquarters, the mdw-campus at Anton-von-Webern-Platz in the third district, are other branches in the 3rd district in Ungargasse 14, Rennweg 8, in the Metternichgasse 8 and 12 and in the Lothringerstraße 18. In Vienna's first district teaching places are at Karlsplatz 1 and 2, at Schubertring 14 at the corner of Johannesgasse/Seilerstaette and in the Singerstraße 26. Furthermore, in the 4th district in Rienösslgasse 12, in 13th district in the Schoenbrunn Palace Theater as well as in the Palais Cumberland in Penzingerstrasse.
Campus
The monumental functional purpose building in the sober classicising forms of the Hofbauamtes (Vienna Court Building Department) located at the former Wiener Neustadt Canal (speed train track), is situated at the Anton-von-Webern-Platz 1. In 1776 was here at the suggestion of the Emperor Joseph II in the former Jesuit dairy farm an animal hospital built. 1821-1823 followed a new building by Johann Nepomuk Amann a sprawling complex being planned. The main building extends with long façade to the left Bahngasse, there are numerous additional buildings. A large contract received the Kaisersteinbrucher stonemasons, the spacious entrance hall with Tuscan columns, pilasters and coupled columns, the spacious pillar staircase around open shaft, all of them made of light Kaiserstein with the typical blue translucent inclusions - a special room for friends of the imperial stone (Kaiserstein). Until 1996, the building was the headquarters of the University of Veterinary Medicine and its predecessor institutions.
In 1996 the building was chosen as the new seat of the University, and refurbished by architect Reinhardt Gallister. The historic structure was preserved, elements such as glass, wood and stone are the defining style resources and modern technology and equipment has been connected with good acoustics. Studios, classrooms and halls can be hired externally.
Study
Composition and Music Theory
Conducting
Sound engineer
Instrumental studies
Church Music
Educational Studies
Singing and musical theater director
Performing Arts
Film and Television
PhD
Summer Campus
The isa - International Summer Academy is the musical summer campus of the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. More than 200 students from over 40 countries take part in two weeks of top-class master classes in the Semmering region and in Vienna. The summer campus was founded in 1991 as an initiative of Michael Frischenschlager. The isa emerged from the euphoria over the fall of the Iron Curtain, with the aim of exceptionally talented young students, mainly from the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE-countries) to allow musical encounters and build international relationships. Since 2005 Johannes Meissl is artistic director of the isa.
Institutions
Institute for Composition and Electro-acoustics
Institute for Music management
Institute for Analysis, Theory and History of Music
Department of Keyboard Instruments (panel/concert)
Institute for string and other string instruments (panel/concert)
Leonard Bernstein Institute for wind and percussion instruments
Joseph Haydn Institute of Chamber Music and Special Ensembles
Institute for organ, organ and church music research
Institute for singing and music theater
Institute for Drama and Acting Director (Max Reinhardt Seminar)
Institute for Film and Television (Film Academy Vienna)
Institute for Music Education
Institute for Music and Movement Education and Music Therapy
Research Institute of Musical Style
Institute of Popular Music
Institute Ludwig van Beethoven (keyboards in music pedagogy)
Hellmesberger - Institute ( String id Plucked and other music education)
Franz Schubert Institute (wind and percussion instruments in music pedagogy)
Institute Antonio Salieri (vocals in music pedagogy)
Institute Anton Bruckner (music theory, ear training, ensemble direction)
Institute for Folk Music Research and Ethnomusicology
Institute for Viennese Sound Style (Musical Acoustics)
Institute for Music Sociology
Institute of Culture Management and Culture Studies (IKM)
Science
Apart from artistic training form the scientific institutions (or professors and lecturers with the great teaching qualification - Venia Docendi) a significant part of the university's work. A special feature of the MDW is the high integration of science and art. The promotion law is the foundation of a university, and is implemented on the MDW in the PhD program. Departments of scientific work are here:
Dramaturgy
Film Studies
Gender Studies
History and Theory of Popular Music
Gregorian chant and liturgy
Historical musicology (including analysis, music theory and Harmonic Research)
Musical style and performance practice
Cultural Production Engineering,
Musical Acoustics
Music Education
Sociology of music
Music Theory
Music Therapy
Systematic musicology in interdisciplinary approaches
Folk Music Research, Ethnomusicology
Famous graduates
Claudio Abbado
Barbara Albert
Peter Alexander
Christian Altenburger
Maria Andergast
Walter Samuel Bartussek
Johanna Beisteiner
Erwin Belakowitsch
Achim Benning
Zsófia Boros
Thomas Brezinka
Rudolf Buchbinder
Friedrich Cerha
Gabriel Chmura
Mimi Coertse
Luke David
Yoram David
Jacques Delacôte, French conductor
Jörg Demus
Helmut German
Johanna Doderer
Iván Eröd
Karlheinz Essl
Matthias Fletzberger
Sabrina Frey
Beat Furrer
Rudolf Gamsjäger
Raoul Gehringer
Nicolas Geremus
Wolfgang Glück
Wolfgang Glüxam
Eugene Gmeiner
Walter Goldschmidt
Stefan Gottfried
Friedrich Gulda
Robert Gulya
Ingomar Auer
Christoph Haas (born 1949), Swiss conductor
Georg Friedrich Haas
Hans Hammerschmid
Gottfried Hemetsberger
John Hiemetsberger
Robert Holl
Mariss Jansons
Leo Jaritz
Mariama Djiwa Jenie, concert pianist and dancer
Thomas Jöbstl
Thomas Kakuska
Bijan Khadem-Missagh, violin
Angelika Kirschschlager
Hermann Killmeyer
Patricia Kopatchinskaya
Leon Koudelak
Bojidara Kouzmanova
Tina Kordić
Klaus Kuchling
Rainer Küchl
Gabriele Lechner
Wolf Lotter
Gustav Mahler
Edith Mathis
Zubin Mehta
Tobias Moretti
Tomislav Mužek
Helmut Neumann
Josef Niederhammer
Ernst Ottensamer
Erwin Ortner
Rudolf Pacik
Harry Pepl
Günter Pichler
Josephine Pilars de Pilar
Peter Planyavsky
Stefanie Alexandra Prenn
Armando Puklavec
Carole Dawn Reinhart
Gerald Reischl
Wolfgang Reisinger
Erhard Riedlsperger
Jhibaro Rodriguez
Hilde Rössel-Majdan
Michael Radanovics
Sophie Rois
Gerhard Rühm
Kurt Rydl
Clemens Salesny
Heinz Sandauer
Klaus-Peter Sattler
Wolfgang Sauseng
Nikolaus Schapfl
Agnes Scheibelreiter
Heinrich Schiff
Michael Schnitzler
Peter Schuhmayer
Christian W. Schulz
Wolfgang Schulz
Ulrich Seidl
Fritz Schreiber
Kurt Schwertsik
Ulf-Diether Soyka
Christian Spatzek
Arben Spahiu
Götz Spielmann
Othmar Steinbauer
Hermann Sulzberger, (*1957), österreichischer Komponist
Roman Summereder
Hans Swarowsky
Jenő Takács
Wolfgang Tomböck
Karolos Trikolidis, griechisch-österreichischer Dirigent
Mitsuko Uchida
Timothy Vernon, (*1948), kanadischer Dirigent
Eva Vicens, Cembalistin aus Uruguay, lebt in Spanien
Annette Volkamer
Johanna Wokalek
Adolf Wallnöfer
Gregor Widholm
Bruno Weil
Hermann Wlach
Paul Zauner
Herbert Zipper
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Musik_und...
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Sun Stories.Giralda Plaza art installation of translucent words by Miami artist, Jessy Nite, Coral Gables, Florida
but, brian, bioluminescence isn't the same as electrogenesis!
also, gotta apologize for the ridiculous amount of noise in this one, and the overall quality or lack thereof. but they're just too cool.
(national zoo, washington, dc)