View allAll Photos Tagged testify
AFGE President J David Cox Sr. testified before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform's Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service and the Census regarding the harm caused by pay freezes, retirement cuts, and staff reductions to federal workers.
To Whom This May Concern-
l write in regards to the recent letter from Suki Law on behalf of the
Ombudsman requesting for my views on the DoJ's reply. My comments are as
follows:
1. The DoJ's reason for not replying to my enquiry regarding the complaint is patent nonsense. The reason given was that 'direct correspondence between you and counsel of this Department might give rise to an allegation of impropriety' because l have ongoing appeals on this case in question. Counsel of the DoJ will certainly not correspond with me about my complaint as the matters would be handled by administrators, and if all administrators at the DoJ are counsel, it still does not vitiate the department from its duties-- it can very well seek an intermediary. If what Mr. Ho of the DoJ (author of the reply) said is true in every case, then no defendant representing herself may make complaints regarding employees to the DoJ directly; in that case,
its very existence is misleading and it is hard to believe that such a loophole is not deliberate.
2. The DoJ most likely did not have plans to address my complaint. It had many months to gather the evidence, but still did not reply to my complaint until l contacted the Ombudsman in October. The timeline, written in 4 paragraphs in the letter from Mr. Paul Ho, does not address this delay in satisfactory manner. Notably, the DoJ did not reply until more than 1 month after the statutory deadline for further appeal of the case, and *only* with the intervention of the Ombudsman.
3. The statement from the fiat counsel (prosecutor o the case) Mr. Wong is irrelevant; its inclusion as support in the letter is disingenuous. As is customary, prosecution sits to the left hand side of the magistrate in the courtroom, defence to the right; my hearing was no exception. The witness box from which l testified was to the far right hand side of the magistrate. The female employee in question sat to the right hand side of the prosecutor. This means that while l testified, the prosecutor Mr. Wong faced me and had his back toward the female employee the whole time. It was not at all possible for him to see her face. Thus, his not seeing her make threatening facial expressions is a matter of course. Mr. Paul Ho's chosen words in the letter are 'Mr. Wong
also confirms that he had not seen the clerical assistant making any facial expressions toward you as alleged.' Mr. Wong has no place to confirm or deny anything, and the way his statements were presented by Mr. Ho is a formal logical fallacy -- a half-truth (also called cherry-picking)-- showing a deliberate attack on my claim.
Administration of a government department is not an adversarial process; the administrator has the duty to administer and to ensure the proper conduct of its employees; that the administrator chose to confound logic in order to attack the validity of my claim rather than take the investigation seriously is completely unsatisfactory/ unacceptable.
4. Mr. Ho wrote 'according to file records' the DoJ determined that l did not make complaints to the presiding magistrate at trial about the matter at hand. These records are not available to me, placing me at substantial disadvantage in supporting my cause.
5. Mr. Ho wrote that if a witness is threatened, she 'should immediately report the matter to the presiding magistrate or the law enforcement agencies', therefore it somehow renders my complaint invalid that l complained to the DoJ. l have lived in my home town San Francisco, California, USA for 25 years; ***in California, government prosecutors/
departments are law enforcement.*** l assumed the same regarding the DoJ in Hong Kong. It is news to me if the HK DoJ is not law enforcement and l will certainly file a police report if this is the case.
Thank you for acting on my complaint promptly. Keep up the good work.
WASHINGTON (September 21, 2021) Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas testifies to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs regarding the Threats to the Homeland. Secretary Mayorkas was joined by Christopher Wray, FBI Director and Christine Abizaid, the Director of National Counterterrorism Center. (DHS Photo by Zachary Hupp)
Senator Mae Flexer looks on as state Representative Christine Rosati Randall (right) testifies on behalf of Senate Bill 49, which seeks to end the state hospital tax on small, independent hospitals with less than 160 beds -- such as Day Kimball Hospital in Putnam. Appearing with Sen. Flexer are Rep. Danny Rovero (left) and Day Kimball CEO & President Robert Smanik (second from right). (February 26, 2016) senatedems.ct.gov/pr/flexer-160226.php
Elizabeth Edwards speaks with Kerry Burns of Rhode Island. Both testified at a Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Oversight and the Courts Tuesday, Edwards on behalf of the Center for American Progress, Burns, as an American filing for bankruptcy due to medical expenses.
Videos of GA PSC on Georgia Power coal plant closings @ GA PSC 2013-06-18
Pictures by for Lowndes Area Knowledge Exchange (LAKE), Valdosta, Lowndes County, Georgia, 18 June 2013.
www.l-a-k-e.org/blog/2013/06/videos-of-ga-psc-on-georgia-...
U.S. Air Force Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Stephen Wilson testifies during a House Armed Services Committee hearing on Capitol Hill, March 7, 2017. Gen. Wilson testified alongside U.S. Air Force Gen. Paul J. Selva, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Air Force Gen. John E. Hyten, commander of U.S. Strategic Command; and U.S. Navy Adm. Bill Moran, Vice Chief of Naval Operations. They spoke about the continuing relevance of U.S. nuclear forces for our national security and the steps the Joint Force is taking to modernize and replace them. He also stated that U.S. weapons, delivery systems, the infrastructure that supports them, and the personnel who operate, monitor, and maintain them are prepared today to respond to any contingency. (DoD Photo by U.S. Army Sgt. James K. McCann)
HOUSTON – Michael Wright, a command duty officer for Transocean from the Deepwater Horizon rig, testifies at the joint investigation hearing, Dec.7, 2010. The Coast Guard and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEM) are co-chairing the fact-finding investigation launched to determine the cause of the initial incident and fire aboard the mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) Deepwater Horizon. U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Richard Brahm.
Animation Style 1 of numberous different examples.
Ms. Winkle, Former Child Laborer at the National Pencil Company, under Leo Frank's tutelage, 1913.
Estelle Winkle, black and white sketch, colorized with artificial intelligence. She was one of nearly a dozen or so sweatshop factory girls at the trial of Leo Frank who testified that his character for lasciviousness was bad. Frank was engaging in sexual harassment against his child laborers and had attempted to convince several girls to engage in prostitution. Frank was known for having sexual liaisons with Rebecca Carson, whom he promoted to foreman.
In the rare photo of the Leo Frank trial taken on July 28th, 1913, while Dorsey was directly examining Newt Lee on the witness stand, in the far back corner, you can see her sitting by the window.
Sketch colorized and animated using AI, in 2021.
Benjamin Davis, the communist elect3ed councilmember on the New York City Council from Harlem, testifies before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) in Washington, D.C. January 16, 1948 to oppose the Cole Bill that would outlaw communists running in elections.
Davis told the committee that the bill was a “Fascist-like invasion of the rights of the people” and that it and similar bills have fallen “like a plague upon the people.”
The January 29, 1948 Afro. American printed the following article:
“WASHINGTON, D.C. – (UNPA)—In testimony given recently, Georgia-born, Harvard-educated Benjamin J. Davis, New York City Councilman, taunted members of a House Administration subcommittee who questioned him about the tenets of the Communist party in the United States.
“A member of the National Committee of the Communist Party of the United States, Mr. Davis said the communist Party was unalterably opposed to the bill which would bar the communist party or any other party that directly or indirectly advocates the overthrow by violence or any other means from having the party name or the name of its candidates on the ballot.
:’I am extremely proud to be a member of the Communist Party, just as I am proud to be an American and proud to be Negro,’ Mr. Davis told the committee.
“He said he received the second highest vote for the New York City Council in the 1945 elation, “a higher vote than any Democrat in Manhattan County,” and he added that his record as a councilman would testify as to how far un-American the Communist party is.
“’I will put my record up against the record of anybody in Congress.’ He said, ‘I think that record is one that has been of benefit to the people of New York City, irrespective of their party, race, color or creed, and a benefit to the American democracy.’
“He said the bill to bar un-American parties from the election ballot, introduced by Representative William C. Cole, Republican of Missouri, ‘violates the Constitution and is un-American.’ He added that it denies to American citizens the right of free speech and free assembly.”
________
Davis would face trial later in 1948 under the Smith Act with 10 other Communist Party leaders.
Davis was reelected twice to his city council seat. In 1949, he was expelled from the council upon being convicted of conspiring to overthrow the federal government under the Smith Act – a World War II-era charge that rested on Davis's association with the Communist Party.
His expulsion from the council was required under state law. His former colleagues passed a resolution celebrating his ouster. He appealed the conviction for two years, without success.
After serving three years and four months in the federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, Davis was freed.
In the subsequent years, Davis engaged in a speaking tour of college campuses and remained politically active, promoting an agenda of civil rights and economic populism.
The City College of New York – in the New York council district he represented in the 1940s – barred Davis from speaking on its campus in this period.
After a student protest, Davis was allowed to speak outside, on the street. He was close to Communist Party chairman William Z. Foster.
In 1962 Davis was charged with violating the Internal Security Act He died shortly before the case came to trial.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsk72YVXD
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
Public Citizen President Robert Weissman testifying before House Judiciary subcommittee on regulatory reform, commercial, and antitrust law on the value of regulations.
Secretary Marco Rubio testifies before the Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs on the FY26 Department of State Budget Request on Capitol Hill, 2025. (Official State Department photo by Freddie Everett)
Senate Subcommittee on Defense under the Committee on Appropriations hearing on Our Space Policy . GWU Elliott School Prof. Scott Pace testifies. , Washington DC. March 5, 2014 © Rick Reinhard 2014 email rick@rickreinhard.com
Lt. Governor Anthony Brown testifies on SB 276 which will place identification on Veteran's driver's license. by Brian K. Slack at Annapolis
DMV Administrator Tom McClellan testifies before the Oregon Transportation Commission about a change to gender designation on the Oregon driver license
Beginning in July, Oregon residents will have the option to mark their sex as “not specified” on their application for a driver license, instruction permit or identification card.
Under a new administrative rule approved June 15 by the Oregon Transportation Commission, card holders who do not wish to identify as either male or female will have a third option when they obtain, renew or replace their license, instruction permit or ID card at Oregon DMV. An X will appear instead of M or F in Oregon driver records and on the driver license, instruction permit or ID card.
Ben Affleck testifying to Congress on the Democratic Republic of Congo. (Amanda Bossard/ Medill News Service)
Ben Affleck testifying to Congress on the Democratic Republic of Congo. (Amanda Bossard/ Medill News Service)
AI Animation Style 3.
Ms. Winkle, Former Child Laborer at the National Pencil Company, under Leo Frank's Tutelage, 1913.
Estelle Winkle, black and white sketch, colorized with artificial intelligence. She was one of nearly a dozen or so sweatshop factory girls at the trial of Leo Frank who testified that his character for lasciviousness was bad. Frank was engaging in sexual harassment against his child laborers and had attempted to convince several girls to engage in prostitution. Frank was known for having sexual liaisons with Rebecca Carson, whom he promoted to foreman.
In the rare photo of the Leo Frank trial taken on July 28th, 1913, while Dorsey was directly examining Newt Lee on the witness stand, in the far back corner, you can see her sitting by the window.
Found at church on a beautiful but cold November Sunday - #Ducati 1199 #Panigale and #Triumph Bonneville. The Panigale weighs 360 lb and produces 195 hp while the Bonneville weighs 500 lb and produces 67 hp. However, I can testify that the front end of the Triumph will break contact with the ground when accelerating aggressively!
Patrick Atkinson testifies before the ND House Judiciary Committee on January 19, 2009 in support of anti-human trafficking bill later unanimously passed.
Lt. Governor Miller Testifies to the Senate for the Clean Transportation & Energy Act by Patrick Siebert at 11 Bladen St, Annapolis, MD 21401
Rev. Daniel Hall testified in support of comprehensive sex education representing the Howard University Hospital PACTG Community Advisory Board.
Parents, Young People, Medical Professionals, and Local HIV/AIDS Advocacy Organizations attended the 11/28 DC State Board of Education Meeting to express our strong support for the Health Learning Standards and comprehensive sexuality education for DC Public School Students.
All CBC SitesNews HomeWeatherLocal NewsCanadaWorldPoliticsBusinessHealthTech & ScienceA & ESportsVideoAudioPhotos
CBC News HomePolitics
ADVERTISEMENTVictims bill of rights would compel spouses to testify
Apr 03, 2014 9:54 PM ET
The Canadian Press
15:02
'Victims should not have to live in fear': Harper
VIDEO
9:34
Peter MacKay on victims' rights
VIDEO
2:27
Tories unveil victims bill of rights
VIDEO
Crime victims would have more say as their cases wind their way through the justice system under a newly proposed victims bill of rights.
The long-awaited legislation, part of the government's law-and-order agenda, aims to fix what Prime Minister Stephen Harper said Thursday was a broken part of the justice system.
"The rights of criminals have received far more attention than the rights of their victims," Harper said at a seniors' centre in Mississauga, Ont., adding that 'justice is not only for the accused; it is also for the victims."
"Our government believes that victims of crime deserve and should have a right to information, a right to protection, a right to participation, and where possible a right to restitution," said Harper.
Ballot Box: How does the justice system treat victims?Read the victims bill of rights act here5 things to know about the victims bill of rights
Bill C-32, dubbed the Canadian victims bill of rights, was tabled in the House of Commons Thursday morning.
The legislation would change the Canada Evidence Act, which allows spouses to refuse to testify except in certain specific cases such as sexual assaults or crimes against youngsters.
'I would worry for example that forcing women to testify against abusive spouses could not only dissuade them from reporting crime in the first place, but might put them at greater risk throughout that process.'— Kasari Govender, West Coast Legal Education and Action Fund
The changes are part of a sweeping government bill that codifies the rights of victims, makes it easier for vulnerable witnesses to testify and requires that victims be given more information about cases.
For instance, victims can request a copy of a bail order, a probation order or the details of a conditional release.
The federal Conservatives have long complained that too much emphasis is placed on the rights of the accused, giving short shrift to the people affected by the crimes.
"Victims of crime and their families deserve to be treated with courtesy, compassion and respect," says the preamble to Bill C-32, the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights.
It says victims have a right to be told when a criminal is deported or paroled and what parole restrictions may apply.
"It is important that victim's rights be considered throughout the criminal justice system," the preamble said.
Victims will also have the right to have the courts consider making a restitution order in all cases and to have such orders registered as a civil court judgment against the offender if the money isn't paid.
NDP Leader Tom Mulcair said the idea of a victims bill of rights was a good one, but that his party would study the details of the bill at committee before deciding how to vote on it.
"There's no question that the idea of better protecting victims is a good idea. The question is, is this bill up to what they have been announcing," Mulcair said.
A group working to advance the equality of women and girls in Canada, based out of Vancouver, is worried the new bill meant to protect victims of abuse could actually hurt them.
"I would worry for example that forcing women to testify against abusive spouses could not only dissuade them from reporting crime in the first place, but might put them at greater risk throughout that process," said Kasari Govender, the executive director of the West Coast Legal Education and Action Fund, in an interview with CBC News.
'Invisible damage'
Sheldon Kennedy, a former NHL player who brought to light the sex crimes of former junior hockey coach Graham James, was invited by the government to attend the announcement in Mississauga.
'Victims deserve fair and equal treatment by the justice system and they need to be assured that the system itself doesn't re-victimize'— Sheldon Kennedy, former NHL player
Kennedy said he spent the last 17 years trying to explain to society "the invisible damage" that occurs when a person is a victim of crime.
"I'm not naive to think that we're going to flip a switch and everything's going to be better," Kennedy said.
"But being able to have this announcement ... is going to start the process of trying to be better at the way we handle victims, not only through the court process, but really understanding the damage that happens to victims."
"Victims deserve fair and equal treatment by the justice system and they need to be assured that the system itself
doesn't re-victimize," Kennedy said.
A Calgary centre for abuse victims was renamed the Sheldon Kennedy Child Advocacy Centre last May.
"Not only through my personal experience do I understand the life-changing impacts that being a victim of crime has had on myself and my family, but I've seen it first hand through the 917 cases that were handled in the last 11 months alone at the Sheldon Kennedy Child Advocacy Centre," the former hockey player said.
Funding for victims services
The group representing defence lawyers across the country wondered who would pay for a new complaints mechanism that federal departments involved in the justice system would have to set up for those victims who feel their rights have been infringed.
The money, the group said, would be better spent on victim services than on a whole new bureaucracy.
"I don't think this bill was necessary because basically what's needed is education and properly funded victim services across the country," said Bill Trudell, chairman of the Canadian Council of Criminal Defence Lawyers.
Harper did say he was aware of widespread concern that giving victims more rights could bog down an already overloaded criminal justice system, but said the legislation avoided that pitfall by not creating "victims as litigants."
The prime minister made the announcement in the company of Justice Minister Peter MacKay, Public Safety Minister Steven Blaney, Conservative MP for Mississauga South Stella Ambler and Senator Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu, whose daughter was murdered in 2002.
MacKay said the bill is the result of "an extensive" consultation process, in every province and territory, that began last summer.
"Your voice has been heard. And with this legislation a more compassionate and caring Canada will emerge," MacKay said.
With files from CBC News
© The Canadian Press, 2014
Share this story
Related Links5 things to know about the victims bill of rightsPeter MacKay says Victims Bill of Rights coming within 'next few days'Peter MacKay faces balancing act with justice agenda, court rulingsWinnipeg victims of crime have high hopes for bill of rightsAdvocates at odds over victims' rights billSheldon Kennedy centre for abuse victims opens in CalgaryChris Hall: The every-backbencher-with-a-crime-bill weekTories introduce new bill for mentally ill offenders
External LinksOverview of Bill C-32, the victims bill of rights act(Note: CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of
Lt. Governor Testifies on MHIP Legislation to the Health & Government Relations Committee. by Jay Baker at Annapolis, MD.
Former Styria province governor Waltraud Klasnic arrives to testify in a trial in Graz April 15, 2008. Austrian aristocrat Andrea Herberstein, her son Maximilian and her former manager are accused of financial fraud, including the misuse of government subsidies for the running of their zoological park 'Tierpark Herberstein' in Styria. REUTERS/Stringer (AUSTRIA)
Secretary Marco Rubio testifies before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on the FY26 Department of State Budget Request on Capitol Hill, May 20, 2025. (Official State Department photo by Freddie Everett)
Christopher Falcone (MPP ’14), Matthew Papadapoluos (MPP ’13), Erin Sullivan (MPP ’14), and Jessica Teng (MPP ’14) appeared in front of the House Commerce Committee to testify on House Bill (HB) 4996 which would allow equity crowdfunding in Michigan. The students have been working on this issue as part of their Applied Policy Seminar, taught by Professor Elisabeth Gerber. Their project has focused on the possibility of using crowdfunding to spur economic development in Michigan.
AI animation style 4.
Ms. Winkle, Former Child Laborer at the National Pencil Company, under Leo Frank's tutelage, 1913.
Estelle Winkle, black and white sketch, colorized with artificial intelligence. She was one of nearly a dozen or so sweatshop factory girls at the trial of Leo Frank who testified that his character for lasciviousness was bad. Frank was engaging in sexual harassment against his child laborers and had attempted to convince several girls to engage in prostitution. Frank was known for having sexual liaisons with Rebecca Carson, whom he promoted to foreman.
In the rare photo of the Leo Frank trial taken on July 28th, 1913, while Dorsey was directly examining Newt Lee on the witness stand, in the far back corner, you can see her sitting by the window.
Governor John Lynch testifies about his proposed state budget before a legislative committee, February 17, 2011. (Josh Rogers, NHPR)
Governor Charlie Baker testifies at the Massachusetts Health Policy Commission’s 10th annual Health Care Cost Trends Hearing at Suffolk University Law School in Boston on Nov. 2, 2022. [Joshua Qualls/Governor's Press Office]
NRC Chairman Gregory Jaczko testifies March 16, 2011, before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittees on Energy and Power and Environment and the Economy on the situation in Japan.
For more information on the NRC actions following the Japan accident go to: www.nrc.gov/japan/japan-info.html.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
Photo Usage Guidelines: www.flickr.com/people/nrcgov/
Privacy Policy: www.nrc.gov/site-help/privacy.html.
Martef (Basement) Theatre for youth at risk perform “The Strength to Tell” in a special evening honoring holocaust survivors who found the strength to testify for prosecution of Adolph Eichmann, as they learn to rebuild their lives looking to the future without shame for the past. Jerusalem, Israel. 07/09/2011. martef.org.il
“On this spot, where I stand before you, the judges of Israel, to prosecute Adolph Eichmann – I am not alone. Standing at my side are six million prosecutors. But they cannot rise to their feet; they cannot point an accusing finger at the glass booth nor shout at the accused sitting inside. I am the accuser. Because their ashes are piled up among the hills of Auschwitz and the fields of Treblinka, washed away in the rivers of Poland and their graves are dispersed throughout the length and width of the land of Europe. Their blood screams out but their voices are unheard. I will therefore be their mouth and read the horrific charges on their behalf.”
The trial of SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer, Adolph Otto Eichmann opened with this statement by the prosecutor, Attorney General, Gideon Hausner, before the Jerusalem District Court, on April 11th, 1961, convened in the Bet Haam auditorium to allow enough seating arrangements for the crowds that gathered to watch, listen, learn and to cry in horror and disbelief.
Eichmann’s prosecution was made possible by his capture in a daring undercover operation carried out by Mossad in which he was found in Argentina under a fraudulent ID, identified, captured and secretly transported to Israel to face justice.
Eichmann was responsible for the facilitating and managing the logistics of mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Michael A. Musmanno, a U.S. naval officer in 1945, who had questioned the Nuremberg defendants and would later go on to become a Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, testified that the late Hermann Goring "made it very clear that Eichmann was the man to determine, in what order, in what countries, the Jews were to die." Eichmann was convicted on fifteen charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes, sentenced to death, hung shortly before midnight on May 31, 1962, cremated and his ashes were scattered in the Mediterranean Sea beyond the territorial waters to ensure that there could be no future memorial and that no country would serve as his final resting place.
More than one hundred witnesses testified in the Eichmann trial. These Holocaust survivors, who had already built new lives for themselves, were, from the witness stand, sucked back into the hell from which they had escaped, back into the memories and nightmares. Back to their families and loved ones who were murdered, back to communities that were destroyed.
The Martef (Basement) Theatre took upon itself a special creative project – “The Strength to Tell” – an evening honoring the true heroes of the Eichmann trial, exactly 50 years later, pointing the spotlights at the altruism and bravery of these survivors, who found the inner strengths required to tell their stories as witnesses in the Eichmann trial. This special evening took place in the same auditorium where Eichmann sat sneering and indifferent in a bulletproof glass booth, on the same stage where survivors testified and broke down crying and in pain, then called the Bet Haam Auditorium, today the Gerard Bachar Center in downtown Jerusalem. The Martef (Basement) Theatre performs, honoring the Holocaust survivors with their interpretation of the inner strengths required to testify, to tell your personal story to the whole world, sometimes for the first time. And this is apparently something that this unique group of youth knows something about …
The Martef (Basement) Theatre was established in 2006 as a social/business venture by the girls at Bet Hatzabarit Shelter in Jerusalem. A school for drama was established in the wine cellar of an old Templer tavern. The student-actors are borderline youth. The goals of the school are two; use of drama for self-empowerment of its actors and the creation of quality theater based on the highest artistic and professional standards. Professional teachers are employed. Student-actors must pass auditions to be accepted and undergo training in drama, voice development, physical abilities and more.
The theatrical evening honoring the Eichmann trial witnesses is how the Martef (Basement) Theatre, whose actors are youth at risk, chose to mark its 5th anniversary. Actors met with the last living witnesses and heard from them, first hand, the ‘testimonies behind the testimonies’, of their difficulties to open up and testify before the world. The Strength to Tell was an educational process for the actors teaching and experiencing them in self-worth, bravery and in finding the inner strengths necessary to stand before the glass partition of indifference and imperviousness, to survive an inferno and build a life, against all odds, to look to the future without shame for the past.
The extraordinary and emotional performance is based on five short films in which the witnesses tell of their personal Holocaust experiences and testimony followed by the theatrical interpretations of the emotional and psychological processes endured by the witnesses before and during the trial. Witnesses Nachum Hoch, Israel Gutman, Yoesef Kleinman, Avraham Aviel and Yehuda Bakon were present in the auditorium with their families as actors Gil Cohen, Avigail Lev, Sofi Gendel, Chaim Sofer, Bar Fuzailov and Tagel Eliyahu, directed by Hagai Aharoni, touched their hearts and souls. Guest of Honor was Speaker of the Knesset, Mr. Reuven Rubi Rivlin who addressed the audience as well as Knesset Member Mr. Zevulun Orlev, Ms. Tamar Raveh-Hausner, daughter of Eichmann prosecutor Gideon Hausner, and Mr. Chaim Guri, author, poet, and journalist who covered the trial proceedings.
Raimund Stillfried von Rathenitz (1839 - 1911)
Zwei chinesische Gelehrte - Two Chinese Scholars, 1876
Albuminpapier, Albumen print
Albertina, GLV
Officer Raimund Baron Stillfried von Rathenitz moved to Japan in 1868 and opened a photographic studio in Yokohama in 1871. His first pictures of the city and surrounding scenery, which were intended for a local clientele, testify to the feeling for composition and spatial effects he ad acquired during his training as a painter. His later staged studio photographs of people in traditional costumes were mainly aimed at the increasing number of tourists and informed the visual perception of the country in Europe. After his returm to Vienna, the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior commissioned him to document various crown estates in photographs from 1885 on. His snapshot-like street views, markedly different from the static photograhs taken in Asia, were made possible by the development of photographic apparatuses and materials: the cameras were becoming smaller and lighter, the negatives more light-sensitive.
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
Christopher Falcone (MPP ’14), Matthew Papadapoluos (MPP/MA ’13), Erin Sullivan (MPP ’14), and Jessica Teng (MPP ’14) appeared in front of the House Commerce Committee to testify on House Bill (HB) 4996 which would allow equity crowdfunding in Michigan. The students have been working on this issue as part of their Applied Policy Seminar, taught by Professor Elisabeth Gerber. Their project has focused on the possibility of using crowdfunding to spur economic development in Michigan.
Christopher Falcone (MPP ’14), Matthew Papadapoluos (MPP/MA ’13), Erin Sullivan (MPP ’14), and Jessica Teng (MPP ’14) appeared in front of the House Commerce Committee to testify on House Bill (HB) 4996 which would allow equity crowdfunding in Michigan. The students have been working on this issue as part of their Applied Policy Seminar, taught by Professor Elisabeth Gerber. Their project has focused on the possibility of using crowdfunding to spur economic development in Michigan.
Christopher Falcone (MPP ’14), Matthew Papadapoluos (MPP/MA ’13), Erin Sullivan (MPP ’14), and Jessica Teng (MPP ’14) appeared in front of the House Commerce Committee to testify on House Bill (HB) 4996 which would allow equity crowdfunding in Michigan. The students have been working on this issue as part of their Applied Policy Seminar, taught by Professor Elisabeth Gerber. Their project has focused on the possibility of using crowdfunding to spur economic development in Michigan.
AI Animation Style 5.
Ms. Winkle, Former Child Laborer at the National Pencil Company, under Leo Frank's tutelage, 1913.
Estelle Winkle, black and white sketch, colorized with artificial intelligence. She was one of nearly a dozen or so sweatshop factory girls at the trial of Leo Frank who testified that his character for lasciviousness was bad. Frank was engaging in sexual harassment against his child laborers.
In the rare photo of the Leo Frank trial taken on July 28th, 1913, while Dorsey was directly examining Newt Lee on the witness stand, in the far back corner, you can see her sitting by the window.
Special thank you to the student of the Leo Frank case who provided this AI animation in 2021.
Yippie organizer Jerry Rubin speaks to reporters outside the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearing room December 4, 1968 after he was barred from speaking for wearing a Santa Claus suit.
Rubin had initially been subpoenaed to testify in closed session and defiantly said he would only testify in open session. However, the subpoena was cancelled after revelations that the federal government had eavesdropped on his telephone conversations. The revelations came out during an appeal of a conviction of Rubin for organizing the 1967 demonstration at the Pentagon.
Committee chair Richard Ichord (D-Mo.) agreed to hear Rubin’s testimony in open session if he would change his clothing. Rubin, however, refused to take off the suit.
Rubin gave various reasons for as the symbolism of the Santa Clause suit to reporters one of which was, “The fact that Big Brother has arrived is a threat to our children. How better dramatize it than wearing a Santa Clause suit?”
He also carried a toy gun that he told reporters was for “self-defense.”
Ichord said his hearings showed that “communists and revolutionaries” planned the 1968 demonstrations at the Chicago Democratic National Convention.
While being called before a HUAC hearing once ruined careers in the 1950s, activists in the 1960s were openly contemptuous of the hearings and often looked upon a subpoena to appear before the committee as a badge of honor.
Rubin was an early opponent of the Vietnam War, running for mayor of Berkeley on an antiwar platform and helping organize the influential Vietnam Day Committee that attempted to stop troop trains.
Later helping to organize the antiwar 1967 March on the Pentagon and 1968 demonstrations at the Democratic Convention, Rubin was indicted as one of the Chicago 8 defendants whose trial transfixed the country. Later their convictions for conspiracy and contempt were overturned.
Perhaps most famously, as a prominent “Yippie,” he helped hone the tactic of using stunts to garner publicity for his causes.
As the antiwar movement began to subside in the early 1970s as the Vietnam War wound down, Rubin abandoned his activism and turned toward making money.
His ventures rendered him a multi-millionaire before he died after being hit by a car in Los Angeles in 1994.
For more information and additional images on red scares, see flic.kr/s/aHsk72YVXD
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
Senate Subcommittee on Defense under the Committee on Appropriations hearing on Our Space Policy . GWU Elliott School Prof. Scott Pace testifies. , Washington DC. March 5, 2014 © Rick Reinhard 2014 email rick@rickreinhard.com
Gen. David H. Petraeus; commander of NATO and International Security Assistance Force troops in Afghanistan; testifies in front of the House Armed Services Committee in Washington; D.C.; Mar. 16. ISAF; in support of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; conducts operations in Afghanistan to reduce the capability and will of the insurgency; support the growth in capacity and capability of the Afghan National Security Forces; and facilitate improvements in governance and socio-economic development; in order to provide a secure environment for sustainable stability that is observable to the population. (Photo by U.S. Navy Chief Petty Officer Joshua Treadwell) (Released)
18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Martin E. Dempsey joined Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel and Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer Robert Hale to testify before the Senate Subcommittee on Department of Defense to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2015 for the Department of Defense, Jun. 18, 2014. DoD photo by SSG Sean K. Harp, USA
Arthur Roessler, 1910
Schwarze Kreide/Black chalk
Albertina
Egon Schiele met the writer and collector Arthur Roessler in 1909. These two portrait studies testify to the artist's interest in his subject's precise physiognomy. Like in the portrait of Eduad Kosmack, the subtly worked eyes lend the portrayed subject a penetrading gaze. The tree-quarter pencil portrait drawing shows Schiele's paternal friend and patron as a person self-confidently at peace with himself with his hands places proudly on his hips: a kind of portrait traditionally characterizing a determined man of action.
Schiele lernt den Publizisten und Sammler Arthus Roessler im Jahr 1909 kennen. Die zwei Porträtstudien zeigen das Interesse des Künstlers an der präzisen Physiognomie. Wie beim Bildnis Eduard Kosmacks sind bei der Kopfstudie die Augen fein herausgearbeitet und geben dem Porträtierten einen eindringlichen Blick. Die dreiviertelfigurige Bleistiftzeichnung zeigt Schieles väterlichen Freund und Förderer als eine selbstbewusst in sich ruhende Persönlichkeit, die stolz die Arme in die Hüften stemmt. Ein Porträttypus, der in der traditionellen Auffassung einen entschlossenen Tatmenschen charakterisiert.
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
Image: The Old Albertina after 1920
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.
Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina
64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
Christopher Falcone (MPP ’14), Matthew Papadapoluos (MPP/MA ’13), Erin Sullivan (MPP ’14), and Jessica Teng (MPP ’14) appeared in front of the House Commerce Committee to testify on House Bill (HB) 4996 which would allow equity crowdfunding in Michigan. The students have been working on this issue as part of their Applied Policy Seminar, taught by Professor Elisabeth Gerber. Their project has focused on the possibility of using crowdfunding to spur economic development in Michigan.
Videos of GA PSC on Georgia Power coal plant closings @ GA PSC 2013-06-18
Pictures by for Lowndes Area Knowledge Exchange (LAKE), Valdosta, Lowndes County, Georgia, 18 June 2013.
www.l-a-k-e.org/blog/2013/06/videos-of-ga-psc-on-georgia-...