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There are several Sufi orders in Senegal.
The Xaadir (Qādiriyya) is the oldest and founded in Baghdad by the Sufi mystic Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th century, now pan-Islamic, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century.
His portrait is at the far left, with his name in Arabic :
عبدالقادر الجيلاني
The members of this family probably belong to this Muslim brotherhood.
The most important brotherhoods in Senegal are:
- The Xaadir (Qādiriyya), the oldest, founded in Baghdad by the Sufi mystic Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th century, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century.
- The Tijaniyyah, the largest in membership, founded in Fez, Morocco by the Algerian born Cheikh Sīdī 'Aḥmad at-Tijānī.
- The Mourides, the richest and most active, founded by the Islamic leader Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba (1850–1927) of French West Africa, now Senegal.
- The Layene are a smaller Sufi order, centered at Yoff, north of Dakar.
I will try to found out about the other portraits, but I had understood that they were Gilani's son and grandson. ( no, I don't think so)
If you know, let me know!
searching, but: Cheikh Hadramé est né en 1910, sept ans avant la disparition de Cheikhna Cheikh Saadbou. Son père est Cheikh Sidibouya le premier fils de Cheikhna Cheikh Saadbouh.
www.boromansar.com/cheikhna-cheikh-saad-bouh/
Submitted: 25/01/2018
Accepted: 25/01/2018
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Seydou Nourou Tall (1862-1980) was the grandson of the famous El Hadj Umar Tall.
Seydou Nourou Tall was born in 1862 in Nioro du Sahel (Mali). This is an important place for the Tijaniyyah, the Sufi tariqa (order, path) within Sunni Islam. The Tijaniyyah originated in North Africa but is now more widespread in West Africa.
Ahmad al Tijani was born in Algeria and died in Fes, Morocco.
About the Sufi orders in Senegal; the most important are:
The most important brotherhoods in Senegal are:
- The Xaadir (Qādiriyya), the oldest, founded in Baghdad by the Sufi mystic Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th century, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century.
- The Tijaniyyah, the largest in membership, founded in Fez, Morocco by the Algerian born Cheikh Sīdī 'Aḥmad at-Tijānī.
- The Mourides, the richest and most active, founded by the Islamic leader Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba (1850–1927) of French West Africa, now Senegal.
- The Layene are a smaller Sufi order, centered at Yoff, north of Dakar.
The mosque officially opened in January 2008.
================================
The Tijâniya is the largest of Senegal’s Sufi orders in terms of number of affiliates but the order is subdivided into several distinct branches, each independent of the other.
Within certain branches too there are important internal divisions. This fractured political and administrative structure explains the large number and diversity of Tijânî shrines and settlements in Senegal.
The principal branches of the Tijâniyya in Senegal are:
- The most important of the Tijâni branches, at the national level, is the Sy Zâwiya based in Tivaouane. Established there in 1902 by El-Hadj Malik Sy (1855-1922), this branch was the first to organize zâwiyas in the emerging colonial towns, in the capital cities: Saint Louis and Dakar, as well as in the main rail escales.
- At the international scale, the most active Senegalese branch of the Tijâniya is Al-Tarbiyya, established in Kaolack’s Madina Baye neighborhood by El-Hadj Ibrahima Niass (1900-1975) in the 1930s. Its network of zâwiyas extends across West Africa (the Gambia, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria) and to the US.
- Also in the 1930’s Tierno Mamadou Seydou Baa (1898-1980), a Tijânî sheikh from the Fuuta Tooro, established his branch of the order in Madina Gounass, in the Upper Casamance.
- The Mahdiyya branch of the Tijâniyya was established in Tiénaba in 1882 by Amari Ndack Seck (1830-1899).
- The Senegalese branch of the Umarian Tijâniya, established by El-Hadj ‘Umar Tall (1797-1864), is based in Dakar. It owes its presence in the capital to the career of El-Hadj Tierno Sydou Nourou Tall (1862-1980).
(source: Eric Ross)
Submitted: 01/02/2019
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Sufism (Arabic: ٱلصُّوفِيَّة), also known as Tasawwuf[1] (ٱلتَّصَوُّف), is a mystic body of religious practice with Islam characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism.
It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism""the mystical expression of Islamic faiththe inward dimension of Islam the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam"the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam,and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice".
Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from صُوفِيّ, ṣūfīy), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as tariqa (pl. ṭuruq) – congregations formed around a grand master wali who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muhammad.
Sufi doctrines and institutions are complementary to the basic framework of Islamic practice. While Sufis strictly observed Islamic law and belonged to various schools of Islamic jurisprudence and theology, they are unified by their opposition to dry legalism. Important focuses of Sufi worship include dhikr, the practice of remembrance of God.
Sufism emerged early on in Islamic history, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and Sufis played an important role in Islamic history through their missionary and educational activities.
Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the modern era, Sufism has continued to play an important role in the Islamic world, and has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West.
Source : Wikipedia
Arial view of The village of Maizbhandar of Fatikchari, Nazir Hat, Chittagong - is called the garden of peace, which is known as Maizbhandar Darbar Sharif.
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DERVICHES
Derviche (del persa: درویش, darvīsh, "mendigo", de etimología incierta) es un miembro de un grupo religioso musulmán sufí (de carácter ascético o místico), conocido como tariqa. Dentro de las fraternidades sufíes, que se organizaron la primera vez en el siglo XII, impusieron un liderazgo y una disciplina prescrita a los postulados derviches a ayudar a su jeque (sheikh). También se esperaba que el postulante aprendiera la silsila.
Asimismo designa, en Irán y Turquía particularmente, a un religioso mendicante, que en árabe se llama faqīr. En Marruecos y Argelia se usa más comúnmente la palabra ijwān («hermanos») para designar a los miembros de una cofradía.
El término derviche proviene de la palabra persa darvīsh. Este término era habitual para denominar a los mendicantes ascéticos.
Esta palabra también sirve para referirse a un temperamento imperturbable o ascético, es decir, para una actitud que es indiferente a los bienes materiales.
Mevlevíes o derviches giradores en Turquía.
La primera tariqa de la que se tiene constancia es la llamada Qadiriyya, creada en 1166 y fundada por Abd al-Qádir al-Yilani. Muchos derviches son los ascetas mendicantes que han tomado el voto de pobreza, a diferencia de los mullahs. La razón por la que piden dinero es para aprender a ser humildes, pero tienen prohibido pedir para su propio bien. Tienen que dar este dinero a otra gente pobre.
Hay también varios grupos de derviches, como los sufíes, que pertenecen a los místicos musulmanes con origen en algunos santos musulmanes y profesores como Ali Ibn Abi Talib y Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. Varias órdenes han aparecido y desaparecido a lo largo de los siglos, con su fundador, trajes característicos y rituales, que pueden ser la repetición de frases sagradas, la búsqueda de un estado de hipnotismo o las danzas giratorias. Estas están proverbialmente asociadas a la orden Mevleví de Turquía y usan la danza como medio de alcanzar el éxtasis religioso (majdhb o fana), aunque actualmente es más una atracción turística del país. El nombre Mevleví proviene de "Mevlana", tratamiento por respeto al poeta persa Rumi, un maestro (sheij) de derviches.
Otros grupos incluyen los Bektashi, conectados a los Jenízaros y a los Sanusíes, y son más ortodoxos en sus creencias.(Wikipedia).
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Aïn Madhi (Laghouat) - The ksar of the Tariqa Tidjaniya is at risk of disappearing. This ksar, which has been designated by the Tidjaniya Sufis for over 900 years, contains archaeological sites of great value. Unfortunately, these sites are suffering from the natural ravages of time as well as the more criminal actions of humans.
Hala Sultan Tekke (Greek: Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας Tekés Chalá Soultánas; Turkish: Hala Sultan Tekkesi) is a mosque and takya (or tekke in Turkish) on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, in Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram, known as Hala Sultan in Turkish tradition, was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and foster sister of Muhammad's mother, Amina.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (lodge) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex lies on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, an important site in prehistory. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
His Holiness Younus AlGohar answers a question from a viewer about the technicalities involved in performance of worship whilst facing the Kaaba (in Mecca). Whilst doing so, he explains how God grants guidance.
Watch the video here:
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
His Holiness Younus AlGohar analyses the state of religion in Pakistan since the rise of Wahhabism. He also gives practical advice on how to fix the situation in the country.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dvd1i_9tBSg
Main points:
- Unfortunately, the translations of the Quran widely available to religious scholars in Pakistan are those that come from the likes of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qasir and other scholars that inspired the Wahhabi cult. The teachings of Islam given to people in Pakistan mostly come from Wahhabism. Therefore, Wahhabism is prevalent in Pakistan.
- The correct interpretation of the Quran is obtained when one is connected to Prophet Mohammad spiritually, not just because they are proficient in Arabic.
- The reason Wahhabism is so widespread in Pakistan is because of Saudi Arabia’s influence. Saudi Arabia does financial favours upon powerful people in Pakistan, until such people are in their debt. Then, they talk about their sect. They invite Pakistani scholars to come to Saudi Arabia for training in the Wahhabi doctrine at the Medina university. They give scholarships to such people.
- If there are 10 Sunni mosques in an area, the views of that sect only reach common people. They do not reach the people who are responsible for upholding the religion of Islam in Pakistan. Those who are responsible for the religion, whether they are Sunnis, Barelvis, Wahhabis etc. what they will have learned in madrassas is the belief system of Wahhabism/Deobandism.
- There are many interpretations of the Quran based on different stages in spirituality: Sharia, Tariqa and Haqiqat. Sharia, Tariqa and Haqiqat each can be broken down into multiple stages according to how one has progressed on the path. There comes a time when you are able to witness God’s splendour with the help of the Latifa-e-Ana (and, for the elite of the elite, a divine sub-spirit).
- Sunnis today talk about saints and admire them, but they won’t talk about the teachings of saints. Sufis are considered ignorant, uneducated people in Pakistan because the knowledge of Sufism was not taught in religious seminaries. If students of Islam were taught the interpretations of the Quran given by Mullah Ali Qari and Al-Sayuti, people would understand that Sufism is Islam. People would then be surprised as to why scholars in mosques do not talk about Dhikr.
The town of Lefke, near Güzelyurt, overlooks Morphou Bay and is a mixture of coastline and vast mountains, lush with citrus groves. It is the only place in Cyprus where the Yafa oranges are grown, and it is also popular for growing soft fruit. Three dams provide constant water all year round, which is why agriculture is so successful in this region.
Lefke is the burial place of Mehmet Nazım Adil, commonly known as Sheikh Nazim. He was a Turkish Cypriot Sufi Muslim sheikh and spiritual leader of the Naqshbandi tariqa. He was born at Larnaca, Cyprus on 21 April 1922 and died in the Near East University Hospital, Nicosia, aged 92, on the 7 May 2014.
The coastline near Lefke has a number of restaurants where you can enjoy Turkish Cypriot cuisine, fresh fish or just enjoy the beach facilities. The small town is overlooked by the Troodos mountain range, so close that you can see its snow capped summits in the winter.
The area was dominated by the Ottomans for over 300 years, and there are some interesting examples of Ottoman architecture to be seen in the town. Lefke was once a prosperous mining area and its mountains were rich with copper and gold ore. It was the centre of mining in ancient times. Lefke may not be the island's capital, yet the name Cyprus originates from the ancient word for copper, so at one time it surely was the heart.
Close to Lefke you will find the ancient city of Soli. The origins of Soli can be traced back to the 6th century BC, but it came to prominence during the Roman period and was destroyed by Arab invaders in the 7th century. You can see a Roman theatre, Basilica and Agora which were discovered in 1929. The theatre is still used today for concerts and plays.
Slightly further away are the remains of the Palace of Vouni. Set on top of a mountain, it is thought to have been built during the Persian occupation in the 5th Century.
Fotografia analógica realizada con una cámara Nikon F-65, posteriormente digitalizada con un scaner EPSON Perfection 4990 Photo y editada con Lightroom 3.3.
Mevleví o Dervixos giradors és una ordre (tariqa) de dervixos de Turquia, fundada pels deixebles del gran poeta Sufí Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi al segle XIII. El centre de la ordre està a Konya, (Turquia).
Es coneix als Mevleví també com Dervixos giròvags o giradors perquè tenen una cerimònia de dansa-meditació, anomenada Sema, que consisteix en una dansa masculina acompanyada per música de flauta i tambors. Els dansaires, giren sobre si mateixos amb els braços estesos, simbolitzant "l'ascendència espiritual feia la veritat, acompanyats per l'amor i alliberats totalment de l'ego". La cerimònia es va originar entre els místics de l'Índia i els sufís turcs. El Sema, com cerimònia mevleví, va ser proclamada el 2005 i inscrita en 2008 en la Llista representativa del Patrimoni Cultural Immaterial de la Humanitat de la Unesco.
Mevleví o Derviches giradores es una orden (tariqa) de derviches de Turquía, fundada por los discípulos del gran poeta Sufí Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi en el siglo XIII. El centro de la orden está en Konya, (Turquía).
Se conoce a los Mevleví también como Derviches giróvagos o giradores porque tienen una ceremonia de danza-meditación, llamada Sema, que consiste en una danza masculina acompañada por música de flauta y tambores. Los danzantes, giran sobre sí mismos con los brazos extendidos, simbolizando "la ascendencia espiritual hacía la verdad, acompañados por el amor y liberados totalmente del ego". La ceremonia se originó entre los místicos de la India y los sufís turcos. El Sema, como ceremonia mevleví, fue proclamada en 2005 e inscrita en 2008 en la Lista representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad de la Unesco.
The Mawlaw'īyya / Mevlevi Order, or the Mevlevilik / Mevleviye is a Sufi order founded in Konya (in the Ottoman Empire) by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. They are also known as the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous practice of whirling as a form of dhikr (remembrance of God). Dervish is a common term for an initiate of the Sufi path; the whirling is part of the formal Sama ceremony and the participants are properly known as semazen-s.
In 2005, UNESCO proclaimed the "The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony" of Turkey as amongst the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex lies on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, an important site in prehistory. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
Darwish from tariqa Quadryia-Sufi Islamic sect.
Taken infront of Sheikh Hamad El Neel tomb-Ommdurman.
A comparison between Wahhabism and Deobandism and how the tenets of these twisted belief systems were first conceptualised.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LXocrYuef4
Main points:
⁃Wahhabism is based upon the ideology given by Abdul Wahhab Najdi, who was inspired by the likes of Ibn Taymiyyah. When Wahhabism entered India, it was well-received in a city called Deoband. This is from where Deobandism originates. Wahhabism is the main theme and there were many branches of it: such as Deobandism, Ahle Hadith, Jamat-e-Islami, the Taliban and Harkat-ul-Ansar.
⁃Their teachings are extremely blasphemous to Prophet Mohammad. They believe that killing Sufis is service to Islam, due to their understand that Sufis are Mushriks (idolaters). Sufis are those who practise and teach the spiritual aspect of Islam.
⁃According to Wahhabism, the Islamic Golden Age was when Umar bin Khattab was the Caliph, because Umar bin Khattab spread a politicised Islam and obtained land through conquest. However, the spread of political Islam does not affect the religion itself. What Wahhabis say about spreading Islam throughout the world is not the spread of Islam in actuality; they just want to rule the world. Prophet Mohammad did not do anything; he simply invited leaders of different nations to accept Islam and he left those alone who didn’t want to accept it.
⁃The true Islamic Golden Age was in the era of Abdul Qadir Jilani. In Prophet Mohammad’s era, Sharia was established. In Ali’s era, Tariqa was established. In Abdul Qadir Jilani’s era, Faqr was established. Prophet Mohammad had previously said, ‘Faqr is my pride.’ In Abdul Qadir Jilani’s era, 4-5 out of 10 people were Dhakir-e-Qalbis, meaning their hearts had been revived with God’s name and faith had entered their hearts.
⁃Wahhabis talk about establishing Sharia and customs of the Prophet Mohammad. However, they only talk about having beards and eating halwa (a sweet dish). Why do they not talk about the main customs of the Prophet Mohammad, which include seeing God and reviving the heart with God’s name? The reason is because they do not have spiritual knowledge.
⁃Prophet Mohammad is mercy for mankind, not just for Muslims. He said to kill one human being is to kill the entire humanity. Wahhabis are placing a false allegation on Prophet Mohammad; they do represent him. They are Khwarijeen (pseudo-Muslims) and they are infidels.
Hazrat Baha-ud-din Zakariya (Persian: بہاؤ الدین زکریا ) was a Sufi of Suhrawardiyya order (tariqa). His full name was Al-Sheikh Al-Kabir Sheikh-ul-Islam Baha-ud-Din Abu Muhammad Zakaria Al-Qureshi Al-Asadi Al Hashmi.
Sheikh Baha-ud-Din Zakariya known as Bahawal Haq was born at Kot Kehror, a town of Layyah District near Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, , around 1170.
His grand father Shah Kamaluddin Ali Shah Qureshi al Hashmi arrived Multan from Makkah en route to Khwarizm where he stayed for a short while. He was from the descendents of Asad Ibn Hashim the maternal grandfather of Hadhrat Ali ibn Abi Talib RA.
In Tariqat he was the disciple of Renowned Sufi Master Shaikh Shahabuddin Suharwardi who awarded him Khilafat only after 17 days of stay at his Khanqaah in Baghdaad.
For fifteen years he went from place to place to preach Islam and after his wanderings Bahawal Haq settled in Multan in 1222.
Source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha-ud-din_Zakariya
Multan (Explored)
fav main add karny walo ko multani sohan halwy ka ik daba mily ga :P
Hala Sultan Tekke Mosque and Larnaca Salt Lake in the front. Larnaca, Cyprus, Europe.
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan Tekkesi) is a very prominent Muslim shrine near Larnaca, on the island of Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the Islamic prophet Muhammad's wet nurse and the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
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During the festival, people give money to the people who dance, sing or make some lunches in their houses. This lady received a crown made of local notes!
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram is a mosque and tekke complex on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, in Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and foster sister of Muhammad’s mother, Aminah bint Wahb.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
During the second half of the second millennium B.C, the area of the Hala Sultan Tekke was used as a cemetery by the people who lived in an archaeological site known as Dromolaxia Vizatzia, a large Late Bronze Age town a few hundred metres to the West. Originally identified as an archaeological site following looting in the 1890s, numerous tombs of Late Bronze Age date (around 1650-1100 BC) with rich contents were excavated by the British Museum in 1897-1898 directed by Henry Beauchamp Walters and then John Winter Crowfoot; the finds were divided between the British Museum and the Cyprus Museum. The contemporary settlement was identified by Swedish archaeologist Arne Furumark in 1947 and some preliminary excavations conducted by the Department of Antiquities. A part of this town was excavated from the 1970s onward by a Swedish archaeological mission led by Professor Paul Åström, and proved to be a major urban centre of Late Bronze Age Cyprus
The most recent excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke, The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition have been carried out by Professor Peter M. Fischer from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2010-2012- ...); see www.fischerarchaeology.se. The results of the excavations have been published annually in the journal Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome. In 2018, Fischer uncovered several tombs at the site that are being explored carefully. The tombs date to 1500 and 1350 BC and contained artifacts of the Bronze Age that demonstrate the extensive trade of goods existing at the time.
Radar surveys (2010-2012) have demonstrated that the city was one of the largest in the Late Bronze Age (roughly 1600-1100 BC), maybe as large as 50 ha. Another archaeological investigation conducted by the Department of Antiquities under the women's quarter of Hala Sultan Tekke have revealed building remains dated to the late Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods (sixth - first century BC). Several finds indicate that the site might have been used as a sanctuary but the limited scale of the investigations precludes definite conclusions about its use.
Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of Umm Haram during the first Arab conquest of Cyprus under the Caliph Muawiyah between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the Umayyad and the Abbasid periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to Shia belief, her grave lies within Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
During the Ottoman administration of Cyprus, a mosque complex was built in stages around the tomb. The tomb was discovered in the 18th century by the dervish called Sheikh Hasan, who also built the first structure here. Dervish Hasan managed to convince the administrative and religious authorities of the site's sacred nature and with the permission he received, he built the shrine around the tomb in 1760 and had it decorated. The wooden fences around the tomb would have been built by the 19th-century Ottoman governor in Cyprus, Seyyid Elhac Mehmed Agha, which were replaced by fences in bronze and two doors by his successor Acem Ali Agha.
In another account, Giovanni Mariti, who visited Cyprus between 1760–1767, wrote that the shrine was built by the Cyprus governor he names as Ali Agha. According to Mariti, until 1760 they used the stones of a standing church in a ruined village nearby as construction materials. In another source, it is mentioned that the construction of the mosque was initiated by the Cyprus governor Seyyid Mehmed Emin Efendi in classical Ottoman style, and it was completed in November 1817.
The ancillary buildings have been repaired in 2004, and the mosque and the minaret are currently being restored. Both of these initiatives have been carried out with support from the Bi-communal Development Programme, which is funded from USAID and UNDP, and implemented through UNOPS.
Above the entry gate to Tekke garden is an Ottoman inscription dated 4 March 1813. Sultan Mahmud II's monogram appears on both sides of the inscription and reads, "Hala Sultan Tekke was built by God's beloved great Ottoman Cyprus governor". The garden itself was designed by a pasha and came to be known as "Pasha garden". The complex of buildings adjacent to the Tekke was known as "Gülşen-Feyz" (the rose garden of plenitude or of enlightenment). To the north (left) of the entrance there used to be a guesthouse for men. On the right side of the entrance, there was another guesthouse of which one block was reserved for men (Selamlik) and the other for women (Haremlik). It was a custom for visitors to take the oath of dedication to serve the Hala Sultan Tekke if their wishes were realized. The domed mosque is square-shaped with a balcony and was built in yellow stone blocks. The minaret was repaired in 1959.
Umm Haram's tomb is located behind the mosque wall of the qibla (in the direction of Mecca). A further inscription dated 1760 is found here. Aside her, there are four other tombs, two of them former sheikhs. Another important tomb is a two-leveled marble sarcophagus, carrying the date 12 July 1929. The tomb belongs to Adile Hüseyin Ali, who was the Turkish wife of the Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca of the Hashemite House, himself a grandson of the Ottoman grand vizier Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha and a descendant of Muhammad. At the eastern corner of the mosque and the Tekke, there is a cemetery, which was closed to burials at around 1899. A number of past Turkish administrators are buried here.
Opposite the mosque, there is an octagonal fountain, which was built around 1796-1797 by the then governor of Cyprus Silahtar Kaptanbaşı Mustafa Agha. The information on the construction is recorded on the marble inscription located on the fountain. On another inscription dated 1895, which was recently discovered in the Tekke's garden, it is written that the infrastructure for bringing in the water was built upon the instructions of the Sultan Abdülhamid II.
While being acknowledged as a holy site for Turkish Cypriot Muslims, the mosque has also been described by contemporary sources as revered by all Muslims. In an assessment of the environmental and cultural assets of Cyprus, Professor George E. Bowen, a senior Fulbright scholar at the University of Tennessee, described Hala Sultan Tekke as the third holiest place for Muslims in the world. This view has been echoed by other sources including the United Nations Development Programme in Cyprus and the Cypriot administration's Department of Antiquities. Others describe the site as fourth most important in the Islamic world, after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. As a result of the site being located in the Greek non-Muslim sector of the divided island, pilgrimage visits to the site are infrequent.
In addition to interventions at the imperial level and by high-ranking administrators for the maintenance and development of the complex, during the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-flagged ships would hang their flags at half mast when off the shores of Larnaca, and salute Hala Sultan with cannon shots.
Patron, Madrasa Sultan Hasan: Badr al-Din Hasan (al-Nasir Badr al-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun, or al-Nasir Hasan) 1334/35-1361, Bahri Mamluk sultan of Egypt (r.1347–1351 & 1354-61).
Construction Supervisor: Muhammad ibn Bilik al-Muhsini, prominent emir, engineer & administrator.
Completed by: Bashir al-Gandar.
Islamic Monument #133
Mosque of al-Rifa'i: replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint Ahmed ibn 'Ali Abu 'Abbas al-Rifa'i 1118-1182, founder of the Rifa'i tariqa Sufi order. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) d.1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram (Greek: Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας Tekés Chalá Soultánas; Turkish: Hala Sultan Tekkesi) is a Muslim shrine on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, near Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Prophet Muhammed.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory.
Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of Umm Haram during the first Arab raids on Cyprus under the Caliph Muawiyah between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the Umayyad and the Abbasid periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to Shia belief, her grave lies within Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
© 2010 Lélia Valduga, all rights reserved. It is forbidden to read by any reproduction.
Mevlevi whirling dervishes or is an order ( tariqa ) of dervishes of Turkey, founded by the disciples of the great Sufi poet Jalal al- Din Muhammad Rumi in the thirteenth century. The command center is in Konya ( Turkey).
Is known as the Mevlevi Whirling Dervishes also because they have a spinner or dance - meditation ceremony called Sema , consisting of a male dance music accompanied by flute and drums. The dancers revolve on themselves with arms outstretched , symbolizing " the spiritual truth descent was accompanied by love and freed entirely from the ego ." The ceremony originated among Indian mystics and Turkish Sufis . The Sema , Mevlevi ceremony as was proclaimed in 2005 and registered in 2008 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Unesco.1
The Mevlevi ( the Mawlana Arab voice , mevlana in Turkish, " our teacher " ar - Rumi nickname ) , reach the mystical ecstasy ( uaÿd ) under Dance ( samá ), symbol of the dance of the planets. The dervishes ( from the Persian darwish " visitor of doors " ) Mevlevi turn on itself until ecstasy. The dance is accompanied by flutes, drums, tambourines , violins called that kind of Kamanche , and long-necked lutes like the Turkish saz . . This musical tradition developed through the ceremony called Ain maulawiyya Sharif , who has had famous composers as Mustafa Dede (1610-1675 , Mustafa Itri (1640-1711) , or dervish Siraÿaní Ali ( d. 1714) Rumi said : 2
"The samá 'is the motif of the soul that it helps to find love , to experience the thrill of the game, to shed the veils and feel in the presence of God". (Wikipedia)
To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the Divine Law.According to Moojan Momen "one of the most important doctrines of Sufism is the concept of al-Insan al-Kamil "the Perfect Man". This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a "Qutb" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of wilayah (sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). The concept of the Sufi Qutb is similar to that of the Shi'i Imam. However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of Allah's grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam".As a further example, the prospective adherent of the Mevlevi Order would have been ordered to serve in the kitchens of a hospice for the poor for 1001 days prior to being accepted for spiritual instruction, and a further 1,001 days in solitary retreat as a precondition of completing that instruction.Some teachers, especially when addressing more general audiences, or mixed groups of Muslims and non-Muslims, make extensive use of parable, allegory, and metaphor.[80] Although approaches to teaching vary among different Sufi orders, Sufism as a whole is primarily concerned with direct personal experience, and as such has sometimes been compared to other, non-Islamic forms of mysticism (e.g., as in the books of Hossein Nasr).Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time.[citation needed] An example is the folk story about Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari, who gave his name to the Naqshbandi Order. He is believed to have served his first teacher, Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi, for 20 years, until as-Samasi died. He is said to then have served several other teachers for lengthy periods of time. He is said to have helped the poorer members of the community for many years and after this concluded his teacher directed him to care for animals cleaning their wounds, and assisting them.Sufis believe the sharia (exoteric "canon"), tariqa (esoteric "order") and haqiqa ("truth") are mutually interdependent.[92] Sufism leads the adept, called salik or "wayfarer", in his sulûk or "road" through different stations (maqaam) until he reaches his goal, the perfect tawhid, the existential confession that God is One.[93] Ibn Arabi says, "When we see someone in this Community who claims to be able to guide others to God, but is remiss in but one rule of the Sacred Law—even if he manifests miracles that stagger the mind—asserting that his shortcoming is a special dispensation for him, we do not even turn to look at him, for such a person is not a sheikh, nor is he speaking the truth, for no one is entrusted with the secrets of God Most High save one in whom the ordinances of the Sacred Law are preserved. (Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ)".Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism, and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier (or from the arts to the Artisan). In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active Self-disclosure or theophany. This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders.On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to His signs, from the Artisan to His works. In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction (jadhba), and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path. This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and Shadhili orders.Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late Ottoman scholar Said Nursi and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the Risale-i Nur. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or sunnah, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way.
10 kilometers east of the town of Tlemcen in the commune of Ain Fezza, the caves of Beni Add, which date back to about 65,000 years, are remarkable for their charm and legendary beauty.
Ibn Arabi précise que : « les –stations- spirituelles de base de Sidi Boumediene étaient, « el wara » le scrupule et « tawadhu’ », l’humilité ; qui consistent à reconnaître la servitude absolue de la créature vis-à-vis du Créateur. La dernière chose dont se libère l’âme des amis sincères de Dieu est l’amour de la souveraineté qui subsiste avec l’ignorance. Il avait, disait t-il le don d’intuition et de lecture des âmes. Il connaissait le sens profond et les correspondances des formes, des attitudes et des gestes avec l’état présent et futur de l’âme ».Quatre siècles après, à Bejaia et à Tlemcen, le Cheikh Ahmed Al Burnussi Al Zurruk (Xe siècle hégire) qui était un Maitre enseignait la signification des paroles de Sidi Boumediene et d’Ibn Arabi. A cette même époque le Qutb, pôle du soufisme, qui dynamisa la Tarîqa d’Abu el Hassan Schadhily, disciple d’Abdeslam Mechiche, ce dernier faqir de Sidi Boumediene, Cheikh sidi Ahmed Benyoucef el Rachidi el miliani, disait après Sidi Boumediene et Schadhily : « mes livres ce sont mes disciples ! » Sidi Boumediene a écrit au moins deux ouvrages, dont le plus décisif est « Ilm Tawhid », La science de l’Unicité.
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
One of the most fascinating Sufi circuit is Makanpur the Holy Shrine Of Zinda Shah Madar .. this year on 30 March will be his 597 Urus ,, and it is a tough trek.. close to Kanpur ,, If you know the Malangs it is much easier as this entire stretch is part of vast farmlands , the closest town is Kannauj, ..And this place is the most popular Sufi site in Uttar Pradesh..
As I belong to the Dam Madar Order and a Murid of Peersab Masoomi Ali Baba Madari Aqsan I was lucky I was documenting this Urus with my friend Marc Malang,..
This is one of my most fascinating Flickr set and spiritual journey..meeting some of the great Malangs Qalandaris and Rafaees ..living in a cramped up room with over a dozen people and for natures call heading with a bottle of water in the fields ,,, and what an experience ..
About The Dam Madar Madariya Order - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Madariyya are members of a Sufi order (tariqa) popular in North India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, the Mewat region, Bihar and Bengal, as well as in Nepal and Bangladesh. Known for its syncretic aspects, lack of emphasis on external religious practice and focus on internal dhikr, it was initiated by the Sufi saint 'Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar' (d. 1434 CE), called "Qutb-ul-Madar", and is centered around his shrine (dargah) at Makanpur, Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
Originating from the Tayfuriya order, as his Pir, spiritual teacher was Bayazid Tayfur al-Bistami, Madariya reached its zenith in the late Mughal period between 15th to 17th century, and gave rise to several new orders as Madar's disciples spread through the Northern plains of India, into Bengal. As with most Sufi orders, its name Madariya too has been created by adding a Nisba to the name its founder, Madar in this case lead to Madariya, sometimes spelled as Madariyya, though it is also referred as Tabaqatiya at many places.[1][2][3][4][5]
He was blessed with long life of 96 years and his presence is found from Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani at Baghdad Sharif till Sufi Chisti saint Khwaja Gharib Nawaz, Moinuddin Chishti of Ajmer .
Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar or Qutbul Madar was born in 742 Hijri as per Islamic calendar at Halab, Syria. In the book "Gulzar-e-Madar", the author Maulana Sayed Mehmood has written that Hazrat Huzaifa Sayed himself has stated that one day in a dream Prophet Muhammad, came to him and said:" his child is a Wali of the almighty Allah and is from my origin. The Muslims belonging to Zinda Shah Madar are called Shah, sai or syed.
In the book Taskiratulkram fi Ahwale Khulafa-e-Arbo Islam, it is written that Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar had the knowledge of all the four books which came from the Paradise. At the age of 14, Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar had memorised the Quran Shareef and had read its existence values as well he got knowledge of other religious topics.
His Pir or Sheikh was 'Sayed Bayzid Bustami' (Sultan Arafeen). Hazrat Sayed Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar was pledged with the Tayfooriya order and was being said as Silsila-e-Tayfooriya. The decent
Zinda Shah Madar has visited many countries and had extensively preached Islam & the true message of prophet Muhammad. He is said to visited almost all places in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Iran, Baghdad, Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and many more places around the world.
[edit]Dargah
The Dargah or the tomb of Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar is located at Makanpur, near Kanpur city, in Uttar Pradesh state in India. Till today it is visited by thousands of visitors every month and especially during the annual Urs celebrations.[6] Even Moghul rulers & emperor like Aurangzeb, Akbar, Shah Jahan, Ibrahim Shirki has paid their visits at the tomb. The dargah in Makanpūr gained increasing importance during the Mughal period. Various rulers donated land, while others erected buildings there. Aurangzeb (1068-1118/1658-1707) visited the shrine in the year 1069/1659 while marching against Shāh Shujāʿ.
[edit]The Tariqah
Most of the biographic details regarding Baduddin Zinda Shah Madar, are shrouded under numerous legends and stories of his numerous miracles, however, an important source of such information, come from his important hagiography, Mirat i-Madari written in 1654 by Abd ur-Rahman Chisti. Since then a number of hagiographic texts have emerged.[7] The silsilah (lineage) is still live throughout the world with the pir-muridi tradition. The Pir's of Makanpur sharif are 'Sayed's" (decedents of prophet Mohammed ). The Madariya chain of Sufi brotherhood is the oldest, largest & fastest growing Sufi brotherhood of the ancient era.
Sheikh Su'ud: Sheikh Su'ud al-Maksud al-Rifa'i d.1534, presumably, a follower of the Sufi saint Ahmed ibn 'Ali Abu 'Abbas al-Rifa'i 1118-1182, founder of the Rifa'i tariqa Sufi order.
Patron: Hadım (eunuch) Sulayman Pasha c.1467-1547, Ottoman statesman (from Hungary), military commander, viceroy of Egypt (r.1525–35 & 1536–38) & Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (r.1541-1544).
Islamic Monument #510
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram (Greek: Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας Tekés Chalá Soultánas; Turkish: Hala Sultan Tekkesi) is a Muslim shrine on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, near Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Prophet Muhammed.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory.
Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of Umm Haram during the first Arab raids on Cyprus under the Caliph Muawiyah between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the Umayyad and the Abbasid periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to Shia belief, her grave lies within Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram is a mosque and tekke complex on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, in Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and foster sister of Muhammad’s mother, Aminah bint Wahb.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory. Hala Sultan Tekke is a listed Ancient Monument.
During the second half of the second millennium B.C, the area of the Hala Sultan Tekke was used as a cemetery by the people who lived in an archaeological site known as Dromolaxia Vizatzia, a large Late Bronze Age town a few hundred metres to the West. Originally identified as an archaeological site following looting in the 1890s, numerous tombs of Late Bronze Age date (around 1650-1100 BC) with rich contents were excavated by the British Museum in 1897-1898 directed by Henry Beauchamp Walters and then John Winter Crowfoot; the finds were divided between the British Museum and the Cyprus Museum. The contemporary settlement was identified by Swedish archaeologist Arne Furumark in 1947 and some preliminary excavations conducted by the Department of Antiquities. A part of this town was excavated from the 1970s onward by a Swedish archaeological mission led by Professor Paul Åström, and proved to be a major urban centre of Late Bronze Age Cyprus
The most recent excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke, The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition have been carried out by Professor Peter M. Fischer from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2010-2012- ...); see www.fischerarchaeology.se. The results of the excavations have been published annually in the journal Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome. In 2018, Fischer uncovered several tombs at the site that are being explored carefully. The tombs date to 1500 and 1350 BC and contained artifacts of the Bronze Age that demonstrate the extensive trade of goods existing at the time.
Radar surveys (2010-2012) have demonstrated that the city was one of the largest in the Late Bronze Age (roughly 1600-1100 BC), maybe as large as 50 ha. Another archaeological investigation conducted by the Department of Antiquities under the women's quarter of Hala Sultan Tekke have revealed building remains dated to the late Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods (sixth - first century BC). Several finds indicate that the site might have been used as a sanctuary but the limited scale of the investigations precludes definite conclusions about its use.
Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of Umm Haram during the first Arab conquest of Cyprus under the Caliph Muawiyah between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the Umayyad and the Abbasid periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to Shia belief, her grave lies within Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
During the Ottoman administration of Cyprus, a mosque complex was built in stages around the tomb. The tomb was discovered in the 18th century by the dervish called Sheikh Hasan, who also built the first structure here. Dervish Hasan managed to convince the administrative and religious authorities of the site's sacred nature and with the permission he received, he built the shrine around the tomb in 1760 and had it decorated. The wooden fences around the tomb would have been built by the 19th-century Ottoman governor in Cyprus, Seyyid Elhac Mehmed Agha, which were replaced by fences in bronze and two doors by his successor Acem Ali Agha.
In another account, Giovanni Mariti, who visited Cyprus between 1760–1767, wrote that the shrine was built by the Cyprus governor he names as Ali Agha. According to Mariti, until 1760 they used the stones of a standing church in a ruined village nearby as construction materials. In another source, it is mentioned that the construction of the mosque was initiated by the Cyprus governor Seyyid Mehmed Emin Efendi in classical Ottoman style, and it was completed in November 1817.
The ancillary buildings have been repaired in 2004, and the mosque and the minaret are currently being restored. Both of these initiatives have been carried out with support from the Bi-communal Development Programme, which is funded from USAID and UNDP, and implemented through UNOPS.
Above the entry gate to Tekke garden is an Ottoman inscription dated 4 March 1813. Sultan Mahmud II's monogram appears on both sides of the inscription and reads, "Hala Sultan Tekke was built by God's beloved great Ottoman Cyprus governor". The garden itself was designed by a pasha and came to be known as "Pasha garden". The complex of buildings adjacent to the Tekke was known as "Gülşen-Feyz" (the rose garden of plenitude or of enlightenment). To the north (left) of the entrance there used to be a guesthouse for men. On the right side of the entrance, there was another guesthouse of which one block was reserved for men (Selamlik) and the other for women (Haremlik). It was a custom for visitors to take the oath of dedication to serve the Hala Sultan Tekke if their wishes were realized. The domed mosque is square-shaped with a balcony and was built in yellow stone blocks. The minaret was repaired in 1959.
Umm Haram's tomb is located behind the mosque wall of the qibla (in the direction of Mecca). A further inscription dated 1760 is found here. Aside her, there are four other tombs, two of them former sheikhs. Another important tomb is a two-leveled marble sarcophagus, carrying the date 12 July 1929. The tomb belongs to Adile Hüseyin Ali, who was the Turkish wife of the Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca of the Hashemite House, himself a grandson of the Ottoman grand vizier Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha and a descendant of Muhammad. At the eastern corner of the mosque and the Tekke, there is a cemetery, which was closed to burials at around 1899. A number of past Turkish administrators are buried here.
Opposite the mosque, there is an octagonal fountain, which was built around 1796-1797 by the then governor of Cyprus Silahtar Kaptanbaşı Mustafa Agha. The information on the construction is recorded on the marble inscription located on the fountain. On another inscription dated 1895, which was recently discovered in the Tekke's garden, it is written that the infrastructure for bringing in the water was built upon the instructions of the Sultan Abdülhamid II.
While being acknowledged as a holy site for Turkish Cypriot Muslims, the mosque has also been described by contemporary sources as revered by all Muslims. In an assessment of the environmental and cultural assets of Cyprus, Professor George E. Bowen, a senior Fulbright scholar at the University of Tennessee, described Hala Sultan Tekke as the third holiest place for Muslims in the world. This view has been echoed by other sources including the United Nations Development Programme in Cyprus and the Cypriot administration's Department of Antiquities. Others describe the site as fourth most important in the Islamic world, after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. As a result of the site being located in the Greek non-Muslim sector of the divided island, pilgrimage visits to the site are infrequent.
In addition to interventions at the imperial level and by high-ranking administrators for the maintenance and development of the complex, during the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-flagged ships would hang their flags at half mast when off the shores of Larnaca, and salute Hala Sultan with cannon shots.
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
HH Younus AlGohar answers a question from a viewer, who asked what the meaning of Maqam-e-Lolak is.
Main points:
- According to a Prophetic Tradition, God said, ‘I made this world for you, Prophet Mohammad.’ In another Prophetic Tradition, God said, ‘I was in a hidden treasure. I loved to be known so I created creation.’ These two Prophetic Traditions appear to contradict each other, and therefore people think one of the two is inauthentic. However, it is possible for these two statements to both be authentic.
- When a man brings home his new bride, he might say to her that he had the house or her room especially built for her. She’ll get happy but after 10 years, she’ll find out that he had simply gotten a better paying job and his family had expanded. Similarly, if someone is seeing God for the first time, they are given special treatment. He entertains their requests and tells them some new secret that others might not have heard. This treatment continues until someone else comes along, who is seeing God for the first time. For the saints, the situation normalises; they see God often, and after a time it does not affect them as it did in the beginning.
- When we go to the shrines of saints, we pray to God using their intermediary; we think that God would listen to our prayers more because these saints are God’s friends. In a similar way, there are some saints that God has given the status of beloved, like the Eternal Divine Bride. For others, they would see God, God entertains their desires for some time until someone new comes. However, God will always accept the requests of the Eternal Divine Bride.
- Prophet Mohammad is the closest friend of God. God does not love any saint as much as he loved Prophet Mohamad. So when God said that he created the world for Prophet Mohammad, whatever he says it true, but he was saying this in a moment of love. Moqam-e-Lolak in short is to be at the station of Fana fil Rasool.
Watch the video here:
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
Built for the Rifa'iya Sufi brotherhood (Ahmed ibn 'Ali Abu 'Abbas al-Rifa'i 1118-1182, founder of the Rifa'i tariqa Sufi order) & housed a madrasa & Mosque as well as the Tomb of Muhammad 'Ali al-Maghribi.
Currently: a branch office of the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities.
Islamic Monument #442
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Tomb: Shehret Feza Hanim (Şöhretfeza Hanım, Empyrean fame) 1829-1895. Circassian Princess consort (1st & principal wife) of Isma'il Pasha.
Islamic Monument #U103
The festival of Maulidi takes place every year in Muslim-majority countries during the whole third month of the Arabic calendar, alleged date when Prophet Mohammed was born. In Lamu, Kenya, a small town on the eponymous island, 99% of the population is Muslim. And this particular celebration is important. It brings together thousands of worshipers from Kenya as well as from other parts of East Africa, the Middle East and other parts of the world.
The introduction of Tariqa (a school of Sufism) by Ali Habib Swaleh, a Comoran Shariff is the reason why Lamu became an important religion center on the XIXth Century…and still attracts many people from the Comoro Islands. Maulidi climaxes during the two last days, when the Mawlid (religious poetry) are being recited incessantly while the men and young boys parade from Swaleh’s grave to the island’s main Mosque Riyadha in a colorful procession.
Maulidi is famous for its boat races taking place close to the seashore and donkey races in the streets, which put the city in a fever of excitement during a few weeks. There is also this strange dance with a stick called Goma: White djellaba-dressed men standing in a row sway a walking stick in front of them, to the hypnotic rhythm of drums.
© Eric Lafforgue
Al-Rifa‘i (Ahmad ibn ʽAli al-Rifaʽi) 1119-1183, was an Iraqi Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) of Islam. Although this mosque is named after him, the shrine contains the burials of his grandson, 'Ali Abu Shibbak al-Rifai and another Sufi mystic, 'Abd Allah al-Ansari.
The Mosque of al-Rifa'i replaced a zawiya (shrine) of the sufi saint, al-Rifa'i. It is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad 'Ali's family, in addition to Hosh al-Basha (the Courtyard of the Pasha), in the Southern Cemetery.
Patron: commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin (Hoşyar Kadın) ?-1885, consort to Ibrahim Pasha & Walida Pasha to their son, Isma'il Pasha.
Original architect: Hussein Pasha Fahmi (a distant cousin of Muhammad 'Ali), Minister of Awqaf, who died in 1880 when work stopped.
Construction Supervisor: Khalil Agha chief eunuch & director of estates for Isma'il Pasha.
Completed: work resumed in 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by architect Max Herz (Herz Miksa, Hungarian) 1856-1919, head of the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe.
Islamic Monument #U103
His Holiness Younus AlGohar answers a question from a viewer who asked, ‘It is said that man is the most eminent of all creation. However, we see that Jinn are so powerful that they can dominate a human being and manipulate his thoughts and emotions. How then is he the most eminent?’
Main points:
- Human beings do not know their reality; they think their body is their reality. They do not know the potential of their soul, and whether or not their soul is even awakened. It is the soul that will be judged on the Day of Judgement, not the body.
- There are many types of Jinns. Some are Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Jews. Some Jinns are Companions of Prophet Mohammad, alive even today.
- Human beings think they are the best of all, but they do not know that they have to make themselves eminent with the knowledge God gave. If all men were eminent, why do they cause so much bloodshed and rape? Why did God create hell?
- The only eminent ones are those who have awakened all their souls and become the master over them. The souls in the human body, when enlightened, enable man to travel beyond this realm. With enlightened souls, he holds the keys to multiple realms. At this stage, no Jinn can dominate him; in fact they would show him great respect.
Watch the video here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Ke0x5ET_c
Hala Sultan Tekke or the Mosque of Umm Haram (Greek: Τεκές Χαλά Σουλτάνας Tekés Chalá Soultánas; Turkish: Hala Sultan Tekkesi) is a Muslim shrine on the west bank of Larnaca Salt Lake, near Larnaca, Cyprus. Umm Haram (Turkish: Hala Sultan) was the wife of Ubada bin al-Samit, a companion of the Prophet Muhammed.
Hala Sultan Tekke complex is composed of a mosque, mausoleum, minaret, cemetery, and living quarters for men and women. The term tekke (convent) applies to a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and may have referred to an earlier feature of the location. The present-day complex, open to all and not belonging to a single religious movement, lies in a serene setting on the shores of the Larnaca Salt Lake, which appears to be an important site also in prehistory.
Most accounts establish a connection between the site and the death of Umm Haram during the first Arab raids on Cyprus under the Caliph Muawiyah between 647 and 649, which were later pursued throughout the Umayyad and the Abbasid periods. According to these accounts, Umm Haram, being of very old age, had fallen from her mule and had died during a siege of Larnaca. She was later buried where she died. According to Shia belief, her grave lies within Jannatul Baqi cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Baha-ud-din Zakariya (Persian: بہاؤ الدین زکریا) was a Sufi of Suhrawardiyya order (tariqa). His full name was Al-Sheikh Al-Kabir Sheikh-ul-Islam Baha-ud-Din Abu Muhammad Zakaria Al-Qureshi Al-Asadi Al Hashmi. Sheikh Baha-ud-Din Zakariya known as Bahawal Haq was born at Kot Kehror, a town of the Layyah District near Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, around 1170. His grandfather Shah Kamaluddin Ali Shah Qureshi Al-Hashmi arrived in Multan from Mecca en route to Khwarezm where he stayed for a short while. In Tariqat he was the disciple of renowned Sufi master Shaikh Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi who awarded him Khilafat only after 17 days of stay at his Khanqah in Baghdad. For fifteen years he went from place to place to preach Islam and after his wanderings Bahawal Haq settled in Multan in 1222.
His Shrine
Baha-ud-din Zakariya died in 1267 and his mausoleum is located at Multan. The mausoleum is a square of 51 ft 9 in (15.77 m), measured internally. Above this is an octagon, about half the height of the square, which is surmounted by a hemispherical dome. The mausoleum was almost completely ruined during the siege of 1848 by the British, but was soon afterward restored by the Muslims.
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