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I am proud beyond measure!
What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.
~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Houston Texas This Drunk Dumb-ass is taking a taking a police sobriety test in the parking lot at 4pm in his Shipley's donuts uniform 2011 Arrest DUI DWI
This is a gorgeous piece! It is made of amethyst (AA grade) chip beads, light amethyst beads, labradorite coin beads, black bicone glass beads, seed beads and its a three stranded necklace. It measures 18 1/2" in length.
*Metaphysical Properties of Amethyst:
Also known as the "Sobriety Stone". Amethyst is purple quartz, and is a meditative and calming stone. It works in the emotional, spiritual, and physical planes to provide calm, balance, patience, and peace. Amethyst is also beneficial when dealing with legal problems and money issues, which can lead to prosperity and abundance. Amethyst has a gentle, sedative energy that promotes peacefulness, happiness, and contentment. Amethyst can help get rid of addictions (alcohol, drugs, smoking, etc.) and compulsive behaviors of all kinds. In the psychic and spiritual realms, amethyst is an excellent all-purpose stone that can increase spirituality and enhance intuition and psychic powers of all kinds. It does this by making a clear connection between the earth plane and other planes and worlds. Amethyst also protects against psychic attacks, especially during spiritual work, and protects one from thieves, and protects travelers. Physically, amethyst is beneficial for reducing withdrawal symptoms of all kinds, blood sugar imbalances, depression, general healing, left brain imbalances, headaches, arthritis, insomnia, nightmares, other sleep disorders, ADD/ADHD, generalized anxiety, ear aches, circulatory system issues, endocrine system problems, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, immune system deficiencies, and general healing.
Primarily, amethyst is associated with the third eye and crown chakras but can also open the heart chakra.
*Metaphysical Properties of Labradorite:
Labradorite has always been one of my favourite gemstones. balances and protects the aura, raises consciousness and grounds spiritual energies. It strengthens intuition and promotes psychic abilities. Powerful in revealing the truth behind illusions, labradorite banishes fears and insecurities, and strengthens faith in one's self and trust in the universe. It stimulates the imagination and calms an overactive mind, developing enthusiasm and new ideas. Labradorite treats disorders of the eyes and brain, stimulates mental acuity, and relieves anxiety and stress. It regulates metabolism, balances hormones and relieves menstrual tension. Labradorite treats colds, gout, and rheumatism, lowers blood pressure, and aids in digestion.
Labradorite is a feldspar mineral, and is also known as Spectrolite.
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US Air Force Security Forces members conduct Field Sobriety Tests on a suspected alcohol intoxicated individual in the early hours of the morning.
SMITH, ALEXANDER MORTIMER, soldier, businessman, militia officer, and politician; b. 8 May 1818 in Monymusk, Scotland; m. Mary Ann Barnes; d. 19 Jan. 1895 in Toronto.
Alexander Mortimer Smith was born in a rural parish in Aberdeenshire. As the son of a poor man, he had limited opportunities, and after receiving a basic education he eagerly embraced a career in the military. In 1836 he enlisted in the 93rd Foot, like many young men in his native county. By November 1838 the regiment had reached Toronto, where for six years it would maintain, in the words of one inspecting officer, “its character for comparative sobriety and good order amidst the dissipation with which it appears to be surrounded.”
Listening to the pleas of friends and family rather than the offer of a commission from his commanding officer, Smith left the regiment in 1840 to enter commerce. He soon found work with a grocery merchant, and his industry and sound business sense brought about a quick improvement in his position. By 1846 he was operating his own general store on Queen Street, and over the next decade his operations moved south, closer to the mercantile heart of the city, where he expanded into two stores and dealt in retail groceries and crockery. In partnership with John Smith* (no relation) he ventured into the wholesale grocery trade in the late 1850s, and at roughly the same time became briefly involved in selling lumber, a business that was then growing rapidly in Toronto.
Success in his commercial endeavours soon brought Smith considerable security and reputation. In 1855 he had been solicited by a number of influential citizens to run for the city council, and after his election he served for a year as a councillor. In 1858 he was elected alderman for St James’ Ward, with Oliver Mowat*. Smith was returned in 1859, but by February he had submitted his resignation. Although his reasons are not clear, later descriptions indicate that he could be difficult to work with and was not the stuff of which politicians are made. Nevertheless, the respect of Smith’s peers for his hard work on many of the most important committees was reflected in their reluctance to accept his retirement.
Smith’s rising prominence had also been marked by his rejuvenated military career. As one contemporary noted, Smith was a “born soldier,” and in 1856 he was offered the command of a Highland rifle company formed in response to the Militia Act of 1855. Three years later the unit amalgamated with five other volunteer companies to form a battalion eventually known as the Queen’s Own Rifles. Smith received his majority on 26 April 1860, but in November 1865 he waived his claim to command the battalion, presumably because of the pressures of public office. After briefly commanding a provisional battalion, he resigned on 13 July 1866. He would never lose his keen interest in military affairs. Nor did he lose interest in things Scottish. Along with other officers of his company, in September 1858 Smith had participated in the formation of the Caledonian Society for the encouragement of Scottish arts and athletics. He also belonged to the benevolent St Andrew’s Society, serving as its president in 1866 and 1867.
The clearest expression of Smith’s priorities, however, was his involvement with the Toronto Board of Trade. He joined in 1856, served as president in 1877, and was consistently elected to the council. His appointments reflected the extent to which his ideas mirrored those of the members, the majority of whom were foreign-born wholesalers. The board was a staunch supporter of projects designed to enhance Toronto’s economic domination of its hinterland, and Smith was a leading proponent of one such scheme, the Toronto and Nipissing Railway. Although it failed financially (it would be absorbed into the Midland Railway in 1882), this and similar narrow-gauge railways gave added security to wholesalers by providing more direct access to markets, thereby eliminating the need for jobbers and middlemen. Very aware of the fragility of the province’s economic framework after the depression of 1857–58, the board was also anxious to develop more sophisticated financial institutions. Smith typified this diversification of interests by his election during the 1860s to the boards of the Provincial Mutual and General Insurance Company, the Western Assurance Company, the Canada Permanent Building and Savings Society, and the Canadian Bank of Commerce. He was also president of the Royal Canadian Bank, where he experienced a brush with scandal in 1869 after cries of mismanagement were raised by Senator Donald McDonald*.
The Board of Trade often articulated its concerns through provincial politics, and the election of 1863 gave Smith an opportunity to voice many of these issues on the hustings. Nominated as the Reform party’s candidate for Toronto East when George Brown* refused to stand, Smith ran on a platform which embraced not only the usual party policies but also a number of proposals designed to enhance the economic position of Toronto and its merchants. Although he was attacked by James Beaty’s Leader as “a man of mediocre acquirements and talents,” unable to “speak a half-dozen sentences respectably,” the criticisms could not deflect attention from the support expressed for the government’s Separate School Bill by the incumbent, John Willoughby Crawford*. Led by Alderman Francis Henry Medcalf*, a Conservative, the Orange vote that had elected Crawford three years earlier went to Smith. His substantial majority and John Macdonald*’s victory over John Beverley Robinson in Toronto West gave the Reform party unprecedented success in the city.
Smith’s term in the Legislative Assembly gave some credence to Beaty’s opinions, for he seldom spoke, save for brief comments on commercial and militia matters. Nevertheless, he would probably have been renominated for the federal election of 1867 had it not been for his support in the assembly for the Taché–Macdonald coalition government. In spite of his election upon the Reform slate, he vowed at the nomination meeting in August 1867 never to “offer a continual, factious opposition to any Government” should it lead to the defeat of reasonable measures, and he challenged anyone to win Toronto East without Conservative support. Such talk of independence led to a vociferous attack by George Brown and Smith’s withdrawal from the contest on 23 Aug. 1867. His eventual successor, William Thomas Aikins, was soundly defeated by Beaty, the Conservative candidate.
Smith’s retirement from politics was interrupted by a campaign for the mayoralty in 1874. He was brought into the race by several leading citizens after it had been suggested that there was some impropriety in the relationship of the incumbent, Alexander Henderson Manning*, with contractors employed to construct Toronto’s waterworks. Smith’s campaign was plagued by aspersions on his conduct in 1867, and many of the city’s leading Reformers supported a late candidate, Francis Medcalf. It was ironic that Smith’s final foray into politics should end in defeat at the hands of the man responsible for his victory in 1863.
Around 1871 Smith formed a partnership with William Walker Keighley, who had been manager in Toronto for Reford and Dillon, importers and wholesale grocers. Smith and Keighley was the successor to this Montreal-based operation, and the firm grew into one of the major wholesale outlets in Toronto. With other interests in Toronto and Owen Sound it organized the Canada Lake Superior Transit Company in 1880. This company was established to carry on a forwarding business on the Upper Lakes, but by the 1890s its steamers were bound for American ports such as Rochester, N.Y. Because of his interest in shipping, Smith was a frequent choice as one of the Board of Trade’s representatives on the Harbour Trust, and he petitioned his former parliamentary colleagues for federal funds to improve the western entrance to Toronto Harbour.
Although a severe bout of influenza in 1891 slowed him down, Smith remained involved with a number of financial institutions, serving as vice-president of the Ontario Bank and president of the Western Assurance Company. Early in 1894 his health began to deteriorate, and he died a year later. His will left large sums of money to family members and to a number of charities such as the Hospital for Sick Children, on whose board he had sat. It revealed a man who, through industry and the judicious diversification of financial interests, had risen from modest beginnings to achieve prosperity and considerable respect from his peers. Although he did not share all their talents, his breadth of interests and involvement in military, commercial, and public affairs mark him as an exemplar of his contemporaries.
Originally built in 1667, it is the largest temple of Zen Buddhism in Guizhou Province. It features majesty and sobriety. Hongfu means to develop Buddha's spirits and to benefit mankind. Today it is rated as one of the 142 National Key Temple Sscenic Areas as well as the Key Cultural Relic Preservation in Guizhou Province.
'Hongfu' is Chinese for 'good fortune', which is an apt name for the temple considering its history. It was in 1672 when Chisong, a monk during the Ming Dynasty founded the temple. It had very poor beginnings, being little more than a small hut, but Chisong was determined that it should become a revered shrine and through his persistence many local officials gave their support. In time the temple was to become the most important Buddhist temple in the area.
When you visit the temple, on entering the gate, you will first see the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower on both sides. The bronze bell weighs more than 3,000 jin in Chinese measurement (equal to about 3,300 pounds), and was cast in 1469 during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
On entering the first hall named Heavenly King Hall, you can see the carved statues of Maitreya Buddha and the four Heavenly Kings. On its walls there are also steles of sutra and huge paintings. The second main hall is the Bodhisattva Hall dedicated to Skanda Bodhisattva, and Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara with 32 arms. Inside the third hall named Mahavira Hall there are gilded statues of Sakyamuni, juuhachi rakan (or the 18 arhats), and others. There's also a jade Buddha statue that is from Rangoon, the capital of Burma. It is 1.5 meters (4.92 feet) high and weighs 900 kilograms (1984 pounds). The statue is made out of choice jade and looks beneficent but solemn, and it stands among more than 10 other jade statues of Bodhisattva and Maitreya.
Besides these superb halls, the temple is also adorned with galleries, pools, and springs, which are of high artistic value. In recent years many prominent people have visited the temple and in accordance with Chinese tradition have left poetry in praise of the inspiring architecture and its setting. A stroll through the temple compound will enable you to enjoy its peaceful environment while reflecting upon its splendid past.
The back of the anniversary coin, loaned to me for photography purposes. For people in recovery, this is potent with meaning.
created for: Digitalmania group
After: kanchan mahon
female model is: Fatima Jinnah
texture by :SkeletalMess
background is the FOTOLIA
The Fellowship of Freedom & Reform (FFR) were a temperance-based movement who campaigned for more responsible trading within licensing premises. Unlike other temperance organisations, the FFR had no religious affiliations nor seeked a ban on the sale of alcohol. Rather, they campaigned to reform and fight against abuses within the licensed trade and for improved family-orientated public houses. The FFR also published their own periodical called Sobriety.
The badge is made from die-stamped brass with three enamels (blue, red & white) and a gilt finish. There is a buttonhole clasp (horseshoe shaped stud) on the reverse and the maker’s name – Denton & Down, London. The badge measures 1 1/8” x 11/16” (about 29mm x 17mm).
Thank you for reading.
Stuart.
Houston Texas This Drunk Dumb-ass is taking a taking a police sobriety test in the parking lot at 4pm in his Shipley's donuts uniform 2011 Arrest DUI DWI
The best way for an addict to get sober is to get treatment for drug and alcohol addiction. You can easily learn how to deal with your addiction through group meetings, counseling and just about everything else that you can think of. Sobriety often matters to most people because there is...
idealbill.com/2016/03/29/alcohol-treatment-centers-gettin...
In the heart of Old Town, historic factory is among the oldest in Grasse ... Indeed the current premises sheltered from their beginning in 1782, a perfume factory. In 1926, after the famous painter Jean Honoré Fragonard, it takes the name of Parfumerie Fragonard. Since then, every day, we produce are our perfumes, cosmetics and soaps in a respectful environment of tradition. We would be happy to welcome you and offer you a guided tour during which you will discover the different manufacturing processes and packaging our products. At the end of your visit, you can admire 3000 years of history of perfume through our private museum.
Dedicated to the perfume and aromatic plants, Flower Factory is surrounded by a beautiful garden scented plants ... the gates of Grasse, this contemporary factory opened in 1986 is equipped with very modern machinery for the manufacture and packaging of our products.
WORKSHOP ODOR "Perfumer's Apprentice"
Available on the French Riviera and Paris, in factories, workshops Perfumers Apprentice can discover the expertise of Perfumer: the history of perfume, raw materials and different extraction methods.
Experience unforgettable sense centered on the composition of a toilet water (100 ml) in aromatic notes of citrus and orange blossom, by assembling the different species made available. A fun and exciting experience in the world of perfumery, which proposes the course led by the teacher, the bottle and its bag, apron "apprentice" printed Fragonard, the diploma signed by the teacher and the summary of the composition .
One of our guides will accompany you as a result of the workshop for a visit "Prestige" from our factory.
Located in one of the oldest houses in the historic center of the city, this perfume offers original creations of Didier Gaglewski.
Didier Gaglewski, "nose" in Grasse, began offering its achievements in the framework Living in Provence and in Paris, Germany and Switzerland. Both "artisan", "artist", he decided to offer his achievements directly driven by the idea that the quality, originality and respect perfume composition will dress with fun, humor and quality its customers.
Requiring each of its perfumes, made ââin the privacy of his laboratory, took several months of research. In partnership with Michelle Cavalier and the "garden of La Bastide," Didier Gaglewski also remains closer to the flowers and working the land. Try to trace extraction techniques inherited from the past and plants specific to the region perfumes seduce and make a very personal and authentic. This atypical creator is distinguished by its compositions made ââin Grasse basin, its choice to favor natural raw materials and the search for sobriety.
Front satisfaction and customer demands wishing to regain the proposed perfumes, shop in Grasse, 12 rue of the Oratory, just steps from the International Perfume Museum to discover the scents and recent creations.
The country house of Aromas
Based in Saint Cézaire on Siagne in the Pays de Grasse, the Bastide aromas manufactures and packages fragrances since 1995.
Saint Cézaire on Siagne is a typical Provencal village a few kilometers from Grasse, the world capital of perfumery.
The homemade studio human scale can meet all your demands. The 100% handmade is carried out in the workshop without intermediary, under the control of a chemist.
La Bastide des Aromas, respects the traditions of the Grasse region and offers the exclusive fragrances custom made in the workshop on-site, high quality, with particular stress on the fragrance concentration, her outfit and originality.
Our bedrooms at La Paloma Treatment Center are comfortable and spacious. You'll be able to get the rest you need as you enter rehab for drug, alcohol, or substance abuse or addiction.
I wanted to do something special today, but I've been cleaning the house so a quick selfie with the Rebel @ 55mm is all I've got -- and I likes!
This upcoming week is super magical for me. My sobriety birthday (3 years!) is the 8th, and my birthday birthday is the 10th. I have lots of wonderful, nurturing stuff planned to celebrate -- and of course who knows what else will happen?
Last night's potluck + AA meeting was heaps o' fun. My parents were there too, and it's beyond cool how we're all in this together. At the end of the meeting I got to hold hands with the very first man my Dad talked to when my Dad stumbled through the doors of AA back in 1974 -- and connected with. My Dad's been sober ever since. So many miracles and blessings in life.
Silas agrees. My workerbee Max took Silas to the park today and whupped his butt playing! Silas loves boys. I wish Max could take him to football practice a couple times a week. :)
GREAT news -- our family friend Michael Emde not only finished but WON the Furnace Creek 508 today for the third year in a row! The Furnace Creek 508 race course is 509.5 miles long and has a total elevation gain of over 35,000 feet, while crossing ten mountain passes, and stretching from Santa Clarita (just north of Los Angeles), across the Mojave Desert, through Death Valley, to Twenty Nine Palms. YAY Michael!
Michael is married to Marla Emde, my coach and friend and the organizer of Spokane's Valley Girl Triathlon.
It's Sunday, my favorite night of the week. I'm fixing a roast and watching Dexter tonight. Happy Sunday, Flickr peeps!
Painted while NOT drinking- detoxing is fucking rubbish- shout out to the old guy with tourretes who called me a bloody fucker
Illustration of the eye test during a DWI sobriety exam.
Want to use this image? Please include photo credit (with link) to www.houstondwiattorney.net, as described in the following terms: www.houstondwiattorney.net/creative-common-photos/
Last week I was watching the Disney film of A Christmas Carol, and I couldn't remember ever having read the book. So I checked it out at the library this week.
A Christmas Carol is a novella by English author Charles Dickens first published on 19 December 1843. The story tells of sour and stingy Ebenezer Scrooge's ideological, ethical, and emotional transformation after the supernatural visits of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim.
The book was written and published in early Victorian era Britain when it was experiencing a nostalgic interest in its forgotten Christmas traditions, and at the time when new customs such as the Christmas tree and greeting cards were being introduced. Dickens' sources for the tale appear to be many and varied but are principally the humiliating experiences of his childhood, his sympathy for the poor, and various Christmas stories and fairy tales. The tale has been viewed as an indictment of nineteenth century industrial capitalism and was adapted several times to the stage, and has been credited with restoring the holiday to one of merriment and festivity in Britain and America after a period of sobriety and sombreness. A Christmas Carol remains popular, has never been out of print, and has been adapted to film, opera, and other media.
Dickens wrote in the wake of British government changes to the welfare system known as the Poor Laws, changes which required among other things, welfare applicants to work on treadmills. Dickens asks, in effect, for people to recognise the plight of those whom the Industrial Revolution has displaced and driven into poverty, and the obligation of society to provide for them humanely. Failure to do so, the writer implies through the personification of Ignorance and Want as ghastly children, will result in an unnamed "Doom" for those who, like Scrooge, believe their wealth and status qualifies them to sit in judgement of the poor rather than to assist them.
I am grateful for A Christmas Carol, my favorite work by Charles Dickens.
Gratitude Series 2012 - photo #8 - አመሰግናለሁ ( (Amharic)
After his cheating wife files for divorce and full custody of their daughter Andrew finds himself teetering between a life of drug addiction and sobriety. His only solace is found in the arms of an exotic dancer. As their relationship intensifies she begins to pull him out of sobriety and farther down the dark road of drug addiction and sexual experimentation.
I believe it's just touch your nose not smash your nose. Oops.
Glad I'm not drivin'. For FGR and Unusual Looking. ;)
I am writing this when the day is not yet done. In fact, local time is 15:45, but we have done lots.
This is our last full day in the city, and my main aim today was go visit the Cathedral. I would have gone yesterday, but I was so hot and bothered and there was too many people.
So, put it off to today.
We were awake before seven, but lay in bed listening to the amazing silence that we enjoy here, despite being in a city. Each city block in this area looks onto a flattened area, not sure that the building is that our room looks onto, but it does mean we are isolated from the sound of the main roads nearby.
Which is nice.
We get up, shower and get dressed before going down for breakfast, which we time perfectly just before the stampede of the other guests. We have a prized table beside the window, overlooking the main road which had light traffic, for now.
Danes complain that the UK gets the best bacon and ruins it. In which case they should see what the Spanish do with bacon. Anyway, I had a small bacon roll, which did OK, but better was the three coffees which put a spring into my step.
I hoped.
Churches seems to open at half ten after the half nine Mass, meaning we had 90 minutes to walk the mile into the city, which we now know like we're locals.
My feet ache, 19,000 steps on Thursday meant that they had fewer miles in the tank this day. So, we ambled into the city centre, then took up a place looking at the porch to see when a queue might form. We had 45 minutes to wait.
We sat in the shade, and once I saw more people milling around outside the cathedral, we went over and took front place in the queue, with just 15 minutes until it opened.
I was indeed the first inside, once we paid the €9 entry fee, and so I was able to get shots with few people in them.
The Cathedral is home to the Holy Grain/Chalice. Or the one with the longest provenance, dating back to circa 2nd century AD. It's not well signposted, and seems to be in the old Chapterhouse, and is set in the middle of a dozen fine carvings. I found it by going into the museum, which exits into the Chapel.
The rest of the Cathedral is splendid, though not with the Baroque details of St Nicholas, but I go round to most of the fabulous fixtures, icons, statues and paintings, though we did not take up the offer to climb the 208 steps up the tower.
Not with these legs.
We went back outside, sat some more, and pondered what to do with the rest of the day.
Jools wanted to go swimming. So, we walk back to the hotel with the aim of picking up her costume and heading out after a half hour lay down. All was going well, but though of ice cream and/or breakfast came to mind.
A café door was open, so we went in for a drink of orange juice. But that turned into a plate of Iberian ham and fresh bread. The ham, was sensational, served with a tomato pesto, and went down very well indeed. So satisfied I was tempted to have a coffee too.
Then back to the hotel for a shave, as I could not find the razor I got out, so we had to search out a chemist to buy one. So, in ten minutes, I was shorn and lovely, then smothered in after shave.
Outside, we flagged down a taxi, and Jools explained we wanted to go to the beach. And the driver lurched off, at warp factor eight.
A twenty minute drive took us the other side of the port and marina, there was a wide beach, with a promenade and bars, restaurants.
I sat on the sea wall, while Jools went to the shore to have her swim. I was entertained by a guy with a guitar and his girlfriend on sax, murdering holiday favourites, turning every genre into muzak.
Once Jools had come back and changed into t shirt and shorts, we walk down the row of places to eat and were tempted into the second place, which offered three courses for €16. Baked cheese, followed by pork in a pepper sauce and rounded off with a coffee.
Not bad.
Not great either. But it'll do.
We walked to the main road, flagged a cab down to take us back to the hotel.
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Valencia Cathedral, at greater length the Metropolitan Cathedral–Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady of Valencia (Spanish: Iglesia Catedral-Basílica Metropolitana de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora de Valencia, Valencian: Església Catedral-Basílica Metropolitana de l'Assumpció de la Mare de Déu de València), also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church in Valencia, Spain.
The cathedral was consecrated in 1238 by the first bishop of Valencia after the Reconquista, Pere d'Albalat, Archbishop of Tarragona, and was dedicated to Saint Mary by order of James I the Conqueror. It was built over the site of the former Visigothic cathedral, which under the Moors had been turned into a mosque. Valencian Gothic is the predominant architectural style of the cathedral, although it also contains Romanesque, French Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical elements.
The cathedral contains numerous 15th-century paintings, some by local artists (such as Jacomart), others by artists from Rome engaged by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI who, when still a cardinal, made the request to elevate the Valencian See to the rank of metropolitan see, a category granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.
A purported Holy Chalice, believed by many to be the true Holy Grail, is kept in one of the cathedral's chapels.[1]
Most of Valencia Cathedral was built between the 13th century and the 15th century, and this style was mainly Gothic. However, its construction went on for centuries.[2] As a consequence there is a mixture of artistic styles, ranging from the early Romanesque, Valencian Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical.
Excavations of Almoina Archaeological Centre have unearthed the remains of the ancient Visigothic cathedral, which later became a mosque.[3] There is documentary evidence that some decades after the Christian conquest of the city (1238), the mosque-cathedral remained standing, even with the Koranic inscriptions on the walls, until 22 June 1262, when the then bishop Andreu d'Albalat [4] resolved to knock it down and build a new cathedral in its place according to the plans of the architect Arnau Vidal.[5] Hypothetically, the ancient Muslim mosque would correspond with the current transept of the cathedral, the Apostles' gate would be the entrance to the mosque and the Almoina ("alms") gate the mihrab.[6]
Stones from neighboring quarries in Burjassot and Godella were used to build the cathedral, but also from other more distant quarries such as those in Benidorm and Xàbia which came by boat.
Some reasons for the simplicity and sobriety of Valencia Cathedral are that it was built quickly to mark the Christian territory against the Muslims, and that it was not a work by a king, but by the local bourgeoisie
Although there are several styles of construction, this cathedral is basically a Gothic building, a cruciform plan with transepts north and south, and a crossing covered by an octagonal tower (cimbori), with an ambulatory and a polygonal apse.
This cathedral was begun at the end of the 13th century (1270–1300) at the same time as the mosque was being demolished. The first part to be finished was the ambulatory with its eight radiating chapels, and the Almoina Romanesque gate.
Dome of the Cathedral of Valencia.
Bell Tower, Miguelete Tower
"Door of the Irons"
Between 1300 and 1350 the crossing was finished and its west side went up as far as the Baroque Apostles' Gate. Three out of the four sections of the naves and transepts were also built. The crossing tower (cimbori or eight-sided dome) was also begun.
The old chapter house (today Holy Grail Chapel, 1356–1369), where the canons met to discuss internal affairs, and the Miguelete Tower, known as El Miguelete in Castilian Spanish or Torre del Micalet in the Valencian language, were initially separate from the rest of the church, but in 1459 the architects Francesc Baldomar and Pere Compte expanded the nave and transepts in a further section, known as Arcada Nova, and finally joined both the chapter house and the Micalet with the rest of the cathedral, thereby attaining 94 metres (308 feet) in length and 53.65 metres (176.0 feet) in width.
The centuries of the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries) had little influence on the architecture of the cathedral but much more on its pictorial decoration, such as the one at the high altar, and sculptural decoration, such as the one in the Resurrection chapel.
During the Baroque period, the German Konrad Rudolf designed in 1703 the main door of the cathedral, known as the Iron gate due to the cast-iron fence that surrounds it. Because of the War of the Spanish Succession he could not finish it, and this task fell mainly to the sculptors Francisco Vergara and Ignacio Vergara. Its concave shape, which causes a unique and studied perspective effect, was distorted during the 20th century because of the demolition of some adjacent buildings (in what was formerly Saragossa Street) to expand the square (Plaza de la Reina).
A project to renew the building was launched during the last third of the 18th century, whose intention was to give a uniform neoclassical appearance to the church, different from the original Gothic style that was then considered a vulgar work in comparison. Works started in 1774, directed by the architect Antoni Gilabert Fornés. The reshuffle affected both constructive and ornamental elements: the pinnacles were removed outside, and the Gothic structure was masked by stucco and other pseudo-classical elements.
In 1931 the church was declared a historic and artistic landmark by the Spanish government, but during the Spanish Civil War it was burned, which meant that it lost part of its decorative elements. The choir, located in the central part, was dismantled in 1940 and moved to the bottom of the high altar. The musical organs, which had suffered major damage during the war, were never rebuilt.
Also in 1970, the Houses of Canons, a building attached to the chapels facing Micalet street, were demolished to give the cathedral back its previous appearance, and at the same time elements of little or no architectural value were removed.
The task of removing the Neoclassical elements in order to recover the original Gothic aspect was undertaken in 1972. The only Neoclassical elements spared were most of the ambulatory chapels, and some isolated elements such as the sculptures at the base of the dome (cimbori).
After several restorations, the cathedral is currently in a good state of preservation, especially after the exhibition of 1999 named The Image’s Light.[8] It was once again declared a cultural landmark, this time by the regional Valencian government (Consell de la Generalitat Valenciana).
A purported Holy Chalice, believed by many to be the true Holy Grail,[9] is revered in one of the cathedral's chapels. It has been the official chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006.[10] This chalice with Arabic inscriptions dates from the 1st century, and was given to the cathedral by king Alfonso V of Aragon in 1436.
US Air Force Security Forces members conduct Field Sobriety Tests on a suspected alcohol intoxicated individual in the early hours of the morning.
#soon Coming up on 19 years of sobriety!
a Polaroid of me wearing a Polaroid shirt. #polaroidception ? ;-)
June 26, 2011.
6.26.97-Sobriety Date.
I was 14 years Sober the date I took this photo.
FLASHBACK TO FIVE YEARS AGO!
On the 26th of this month I will have 19 years of sobriety!!!!
#sobriety #personal #selfie #cleanandsober #strong #empowered #grateful #shellykayphotography
Almost 2 decades baby!!!
The Cadets of Temperance was first established 1846 in Philadelphia, USA as an auxiliary section of the adult temperance society called the Sons of Temperance. The first British branch of the Cadets of Temperance (CoT) was established 1850 in Liverpool as the youth section of the Sons of Temperance. Membership of the CoT was for children aged up to 16 years of age but in practise, their aged generally ranged from 10 to 17 years and those tended to be the sons or daughters of parents who were already enrolled in the Sons of Temperance. From its early days the CoT in Britain worked closely with the Band of Hope, another temperance movement with a large youth membership.
The moral welfare of the Cadets would be catered for by education in good citizenship, through regular meetings, competitions and other activities to maintain their interest. Members could also parade in their Cadets’ regalia that included a sash, ribbons, medals and the badge depicting the CoT emblem. The aims of the CoT were to instil temperance values into children before they could acquire a taste for alcohol and tobacco too, as well as to encourage them to continue as adult members of the Sons of Temperance. The CoT pledge was “I solemnly promise not to make, buy, sell, or use as a drink any alcoholic liquor of any kind whatever. I promise also not to use tobacco in any form”. In addition, the CoT also sought to discourage their members from using profane language.
The Sons of Temperance were a Friendly Society whose guiding principle was total abstinence from alcohol with a strong Christian ethos. The Sons were first established in New York in 1842 from where the movement spread throughout America, to parts of Canada and in 1849 their first English branch opened in Liverpool. Its members contributed to a common fund which provided insurance, saving schemes as well as sick and death benefits. There were strict rules and conditions attached to becoming a member, of which abstinence from alcohol was paramount and this rule is still applied but perhaps not as strictly as in the past.
This medal is inscribed to a Sister A. G. Brown of the Anglican Church Women and as an adult it's likely she was actively involved with the CoT, possibly in a teaching role. The year 1925 was also the Cadets of Temperance 75th anniversary.
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References:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Temperance (Sons of Temperance - Wikipedia article).
www.sonsoftemperance.info/history_cadets_temperance.htm (Sons of Temperance UK - their history).
www.flickr.com/photos/118130027@N03/12746240895/in/photol... (A Cadets of temperance meeting group. Notice also the regalia.)
www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wijuneau/Cadets1886.htm (A CoT meeting of 1886 – shows the usual meeting agenda at that time, much like the old style of Sunday School).
www.sonsoftemperance.info/ (Sons of Temperance UK website).
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Enamels: 2 (blue & white).
Finish: n/a.
Material: Silver.
Fixer: B ale & suspension ring.
Size: 1 3/16” across (31mm).
Process: Die stamped.
Imprint: Silver hallmarked for Birmingham 1925 (A). Maker’s mark T&S in three conjoined circles for Turner & Simpson Ltd of Birmingham. Hand-engraved on the reverse side with the following text: SIS. A. G. BROWN A.C.W. (ACW may represent the Anglican Church Women, which was a women’s auxiliary organisation within the Anglican Church of Britain and Ireland).
Inflamed by the imprisonment of the strikers in the 1891 shearers’ strike, William Lane imagined a future where white English-speaking men could live on the land with their wives and children in equality, in sobriety and in social harmony. The land, however, was not to be in Queensland, or even Australia. It was to be a ‘New Australia’ in Paraguay.
Lane had been a prominent unionist and journalist in Brisbane, writing under numerous pseudonyms such as John Miller, The Sketcher, Bystander, Lucinda Sharpe and later, in New Zealand, Tohunga. His rallying cry for a new utopian communist state attracted a wave of interest from around Australia. He established the ‘New Australia Co-operative Colonisation Society’ and each prospective male was expected to pay a minimum of £60 (equivalent to over $8,500 today) into a general fund. Soon enough, his supporters had raised £30,000 (over $4 million) for the new colony.
On 1 July 1893, 238 passengers – including many Queensland bushmen and shearers – boarded the ship Royal Tar in Mort Bay in Sydney to embark for a new life in the jungles of South America. Many more followed, including poet Dame Mary Gilmore, who now graces the Australian $10 note.
Once in Paraguay, though, the English-speaking paradise-seekers soon realised the challenges of establishing a colony in a country where only Guaraní and Spanish were spoken. John Alfred Rogers wrote: ‘there are several people here barefooted and without a shirt … to their back and very often an empty belly’.
Relations with Paraguayans were forbidden by the puritanical Lane, as was alcohol. Colonists chafed against his autocratic leadership and soon started to desert the settlement.
In 1894, Lane and several other followers left New Australia to set up another Paraguayan colony: Cosme. Regardless of the new name and place, the old problems followed. It was reported that at least 80 per cent of the colonists at New Australia or Cosme would ‘gladly leave if they got the chance’. What had started as a vision of paradise ended up as a hell of hungry men, desperate wives and half-clothed children.
In November 1895, colonist Alfred Armstrong wrote:
… we bitterly regret ever having left our comfortable home … to come to this country where we cannot make a living such as is understood by a living in Australia. We are fast sinking into a wretched and hopeless condition … [and] are completely stranded here.
Some of the settlers, now disillusioned and destitute, ruefully approached the Queensland government for assistance to return and the government funded their passage home.
However, some settlers remained behind and up to 2,000 Australian Paraguayans – descendants from New Australia and Cosme – continue to live in Paraguay today.
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From left, Alexsis Johnson tells her personal story to sobriety to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development Anne Hazlett, and rural leaders participating in a roundtable discussion in Middletown, Penn., on March 14, 2018. Conversations centered around opioid misuse and its effects on rural communities.#OpioidTalk USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
Wearing high heels, a woman attempts to walk a straight line during a sobriety test for DWI.
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Hey so tonight was my 4 year birthday talk at my homegroup. I celebrate sobriety because it is a huge flippin deal for me not to have to smoke, drink, pop, slam, or do anything in the morning to get out of bed and get going...okay I lied, I'm totally addicted to coffee or diet mtn. dew but really it's massively okay. I said so.
So anyway, I think I did a pretty good job tonight, and they laughed...they cried...my parents even came! And I didn't embarrass them, as far as I know...Anyway, I go to the best group in the world! And am thorougly blessed I get to live sober today.
I know none of you knew me back then, and count your blessings that you didn't. I'm much cooler now :) I'm grateful I get to show up in your guys lives too, so thanks for that!! xoxoxox
Hope you all are grateful for something small (or huge) in your lives everyday...And you have yourselves an awesome tomorrow!!