View allAll Photos Tagged smelts
A worker seen preparing moulds for smelting at the WB White Foundry in Brighouse.
The White Foundry dates all the way back to 1907. They produce Grey Iron, Aluminium and Alloy Castings with facilities that cater for the high standards demanded by today's industries, providing many products to the steam preservation world.
The Garfield Smelter Stack is the tallest free-standing structure west of the Mississippi River, the fourth tallest smokestack in the world and the forty-third tallest free-standing structure on earth. It is the only operating smelter chimney left in Utah - Wikipedia.
1,001-foot-tall smokestack, the tallest free-standing structure in Arizona, is part of ASARCO Hayden Operations copper concentrator and smelter complex in nearby town of Hayden
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayden_Smelter
DSC_0597 Anx2 1400h Q90
Derwent River
Hobart, Tasmania
www.tchange.com.au/resources/zinifex_smelter.html
Nikon D800, Voigtlander 40mm SLII Ultron
Faustian scenes. If you can't leach your copper, you smelt it.
Can't remember if it was taken with a Contax T2 or a Nikomat
Photo © Tristan Savatier - All Rights Reserved - License this photo on www.loupiote.com/18432025
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Mercury Smelter - rotary kiln - rusted - New Idria
For more information about rotary kilns, go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_kiln
New Idria is a ghost town located in a remote area of the Coast Range of California (USA), outside the town of Hollister. It was once a center for mercury (quick silver) and asbestos mining. New Idria was at its peak well before the Gold Rush in California of the 1840's and 1860's. There are still high levels of mercury and asbestos polution in the area.
If you don't mind ignoring all the "no trespassing" signs, you can visit an amazing mercury smelter with four large "Gould" rotary furnances. This smelter was abandoned in the 1970's. All those photos were taken in May 2004.
Go to my New Idria photos for more photos and information about this place.
If you like this photo, follow me on instagram (tristan_sf) and don't hesitate to leave a comment or email me.
Senegambian stone circles: The Senegambian stone circles / megaliths lie in central Senegal and in The Gambia north of Janjanbureh.
With an approximate area of 30,000 km², they are sometimes divided into the Wassu (Gambian) and Sine-Saloum (Senegalese) circles, but this is purely a national division. According to UNESCO, the Senegambian stone circles are "the largest concentration of stone circles seen anywhere in the world." These sites, Wassu, and Kerbatch in Gambia, and Wanar and Sine Ngayene in Senegal, represent an extraordinary concentration of more than 1,000 stone circles and related tumuli spread over a territory of 100 km wide and 350 km in length, along the River Gambia.
Researchers are not certain when these monuments were built, but the generally accepted range is between the third century B.C. and the sixteenth century AD. Archaeologists have also found pottery sherds, human burials, and some grave goods and metals around the megalithic circles.
Among these four main areas, there are approximately 29,000 stones, 17,000 monuments, and 2,000 individual sites. The monuments consist of what were originally upright blocks or pillars (some have collapsed), made of mostly laterite with smooth surfaces. The monoliths are found in circles, double circles, isolated or standing apart from circles (usually to the east) in rows or individually. These stones that are found standing apart outside the circles are called frontal stones. When there are frontal stones in two parallel, connected rows, they are called lyre-stones.
The construction of the stone monuments shows evidence of a prosperous and organized society based on the amount of labor required to build such structures. The stones were extracted from laterite quarries using iron tools, although few of these quarries have been identified as directly linked to particular sites. After extracting the stone, identical pillars were made, either cylindrical or polygonal, with averages at two meters high and seven tons.] The builders of these megaliths are unknown. Possible candidates are the ancestors of the Jola / Diola people, the Wolof or the Serer people.
Sine Ngayene is the largest of the four areas, and home of 52 stone circles, one double circle, and 1102 carved stones. It is generally accepted that the single burials found here predate the multiple burials that are associated with the construction of the stone circles. The site of Sine Ngayene is located just Northwest of Sine, Senegal, at the coordinates of 15°32′W, 13°41′N.
In 2002, an expedition was launched in the Petit-Bao-Bolong drainage tributary; it was called Sine-Ngayene Archaeological Project (SNAP). The team found iron smelting sites and quarries located close to the monument sites. They also found evidence of hundreds of homes nearby, dating around the time of the monuments, clustered in groups of 2–5 with remnants of house floors and pottery shards. This evidence suggests the existence of small, linked yet independent communities. Researchers also suggest the possibility that these megalithic cemeteries could have been a focal spot of the cultural landscape and served the purpose of bringing people together.
The site of Sine Ngayene has a Y-shaped central axis with a double circle (called Diallombere) located at the center of the three branches. Originally this site was surrounded by hundreds of tumuli (burial mounds) that leveled over time through erosion. Evidence suggests that the burials occurred first with the stones being erected later, exclusively for the burials. Often frontal stones were erected on the East side of the stone circles. Archaeologists at Sine Ngayene have constructed a timeline with four distinct, successive cycles. These cycles are based on materials buried in successive layers and the monument construction chronology of the double circle at the center of the site. The approximate date range assigned to this timeline ranges from 700 A.D. to 1350 A.D
Source: wikipedia 2020
Title: Smelter No. 2
Creator: Baldwin Locomotive Works
Date: ca. 1899-1909
Part Of: Baldwin Locomotive Works: foreign locomotive photographs
Place: Mapimi, Durango, Mexico
Physical Description: 1 photographic print: gelatin silver; 41 x 33 cm.
File: ag1982_0053x_v10_p4r_opt.jpg
Rights: Please cite DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University when using this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained for a fee. For details see the sites.smu.edu/cul/degolyer/research/permissions/ web page. For other information, contact degolyer@smu.edu.
For more information and to view the image in high resolution, see: digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mex/id/1829
View Mexico: Photographs, Manuscripts, and Imprints
I smelt the terrible scent of a new-born vampire and the hairs on my back rose in attention. I raised my head from this form i was filling and i glanced around. A pair of blue eyes caught my attention, there was this waitress from the cafe. I again asked myself how she could stay untouched when she was marked with a vampire's scent? A vampire i had met tonight and wanted to kill. I grit my teeth as i thought that this girl could be nothing but his minion, why not? I glared at her, her make-up was down, she had been crying for a reason. Then i noticed the dirt on the knees of her jeans and then my eyes focused on the new claw marks on her arms where her pullover was ripped. It had to be a vampire's doing, another vampire. I looked back to my form and signed it as i heard the waitress approach to the desk and ask for the keys. Her voice was shaky, she was trembling. I kept my silence, handed the form to the receptionist then i followed her to her room. This wound on her arm had to be cleaned before it would affect her.
I saw her fiddling with the keys in her hand. Her hands were shaking and she could not open the door. She looked really desperate and scared, her eyes were filled with fear, a fear so strong, a fear i have never seen in my life. ''Need help?'' i asked her, taking the keys from her hand. She jumped back as an instinct and i opened her door for her. I took a step back to allow her walk in, she muttered me thanks and tried to walk in, walking so nervous and scared like a deer. I held her wrist where she was clawed, ''This needs to be cleaned before it affects you, this is not an animal's doing, is it?'' i asked with a whisper then her eyes found mine. I had read all of emotions and i drank her fear like a poisonous wine, dark, rich and velvet. Tears rushed her eyes as her hand caught my wrist. She was doing something bad, i could sense it, i just did not know what it was because her eyes kept mine as captives. Before i knew what was happening, we both fell on our knees. Then i understood what was happening. She was drowning the oxygen, she was pulling the air out of my lungs. My mouth opened desperately for more air but there was no air around us. She was building up a wall around us, a glass prison which lacked of oxygen. I felt the walls crackle, i heard the sound of the glass tightening. I grabbed her free arm and i shook her gently, ''I swear i will not hurt you,'' i whispered breathlessly and then she gasped. The glass shuddered and burst with her sobs. A wind licked my face when i breathed. Her hand dropped from mine as she kept apologizing and sobbing. ''It is allright, shhhhhh,'' i soothed her as i tried to catch my breath. I managed to pull myself on my feet and i slided my hands to her armpits, i pulled her up on her feet. Her body was just swollen and limp, she was still gasping for air and trying to hold the walls for support. ''It is gonna be fine, everything will be okay, i will not let any vampire touch you, no-one will hurt you,'' i whispered to her, helping her to get inside her room. She fisted her hands on my chest, pulling my sweatshirt. Her tears soaked my neck as she cried endless tears before she fell asleep on my chest.
I did not sleep that night, i stayed in her room and licked her wound clean. I even did not move. She had fallen asleep on my chest, her hair spread on my chest. She smelt like a flower and this flower cried silent tears of fear all night, even in her dream. When the light of the mornings sneaked under the curtains, i was sure of one thing: no vampire would and could be able to touch her. Because now i was her guardian. For now and forever.
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MODELS: RAIS&CARWEN by me! HAPPY BIRTHDAY CARWEN!!! :)
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NOTE: Carwen is a mutant who keeps 'stealing' other's abilities when she touches their skin-this is why she never likes to touch others. She can make the air lack of oxygen when she feels scared and in danger. o_OOO :)
Derriteme
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Smelter PT Sungai Raya Nickel Alloy Indonesia (SRNAI) yang berlokasi di Desa Landipo Kecamatan Moramo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Smelter ini termasuk Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN).
Photo: Auriga Nusantara/Yudi Nofiandi
The Mount Elliott Mining Complex is an aggregation of the remnants of copper mining and smelting operations from the early 20th century and the associated former mining township of Selwyn. The earliest copper mining at Mount Elliott was in 1906 with smelting operations commencing shortly after. Significant upgrades to the mining and smelting operations occurred under the management of W.R. Corbould during 1909 - 1910. Following these upgrades and increases in production, the Selwyn Township grew quickly and had 1500 residents by 1918. The Mount Elliott Company took over other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s, including the Mount Cuthbert and Kuridala smelters. Mount Elliott operations were taken over by Mount Isa Mines in 1943 to ensure the supply of copper during World War Two. The Mount Elliott Company was eventually liquidated in 1953.
The Mount Elliott Smelter:
The existence of copper in the Leichhardt River area of north western Queensland had been known since Ernest Henry discovered the Great Australia Mine in 1867 at Cloncurry. In 1899 James Elliott discovered copper on the conical hill that became Mount Elliott, but having no capital to develop the mine, he sold an interest to James Morphett, a pastoralist of Fort Constantine station near Cloncurry. Morphett, being drought stricken, in turn sold out to John Moffat of Irvinebank, the most successful mining promoter in Queensland at the time.
Plentiful capital and cheap transport were prerequisites for developing the Cloncurry field, which had stagnated for forty years. Without capital it was impossible to explore and prove ore-bodies; without proof of large reserves of wealth it was futile to build a railway; and without a railway it was hazardous to invest capital in finding large reserves of ore. The mining investor or the railway builder had to break the impasse.
In 1906 - 1907 copper averaged £87 a ton on the London market, the highest price for thirty years, and the Cloncurry field grew. The railway was extended west of Richmond in 1905 - 1906 by the Government and mines were floated on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. At Mount Elliott a prospecting shaft had been sunk and on the 1st of August 1906 a Cornish boiler and winding plant were installed on the site.
Mount Elliott Limited was floated in Melbourne on the 13th of July 1906. In 1907 it was taken over by British and French interests and restructured. Combining with its competitor, Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited, Mount Elliott formed a special company to finance and construct the railway from Cloncurry to Malbon, Kuridala (then Friezeland) and Mount Elliott (later Selwyn). This new company then entered into an agreement with the Queensland Railways Department in July 1908.
The railway, which was known as the 'Syndicate Railway', aroused opposition in 1908 from the trade unions and Labor movement generally, who contended that railways should be State-owned. However, the Hampden-Mount Elliott Railway Bill was passed by the Queensland Parliament and assented to on the 21st of April 1908; construction finished in December 1910. The railway terminated at the Mount Elliott smelter.
By 1907 the main underlie shaft had been sunk and construction of the smelters was underway using a second-hand water-jacket blast furnace and converters. At this time, W.H. Corbould was appointed general manager of Mount Elliott Limited.
The second-hand blast furnace and converters were commissioned or 'blown in' in May 1909, but were problematic causing hold-ups. Corbould referred to the equipment in use as being the 'worst collection of worn-out junk he had ever come across'. Corbould soon convinced his directors to scrap the plant and let him design new works.
Corbould was a metallurgist and geologist as well as mine/smelter manager. He foresaw a need to obtain control and thereby ensure a reliable supply of ore from a cross-section of mines in the region. He also saw a need to implement an effective strategy to manage the economies of smelting low-grade ore. Smelting operations in the region were made difficult by the technical and economic problems posed by the deterioration in the grade of ore. Corbould resolved the issue by a process of blending ores with different chemical properties, increasing the throughput capacity of the smelter and by championing the unification of smelting operations in the region. In 1912, Corbould acquired Hampden Consols Mine at Kuridala for Mount Elliott Limited, followed with the purchases of other small mines in the district.
Walkers Limited of Maryborough was commissioned to manufacture a new 200 ton water jacket furnace for the smelters. An air compressor and blower for the smelters were constructed in the powerhouse and an electric motor and dynamo provided power for the crane and lighting for the smelter and mine.
The new smelter was blown in September 1910, a month after the first train arrived, and it ran well, producing 2040 tons of blister copper by the end of the year. The new smelting plant made it possible to cope with low-grade sulphide ores at Mount Elliott. The use of 1000 tons of low-grade sulphide ores bought from the Hampden Consols Mine in 1911 made it clear that if a supply of higher sulphur ore could be obtained and blended, performance, and economy would improve. Accordingly, the company bought a number of smaller mines in the district in 1912.
Corbould mined with cut and fill stoping but a young Mines Inspector condemned the system, ordered it dismantled and replaced with square set timbering. In 1911, after gradual movement in stopes on the No. 3 level, the smelter was closed for two months. Nevertheless, 5447 tons of blister copper was produced in 1911, rising to 6690 tons in 1912 - the company's best year. Many of the surviving structures at the site were built at this time.
Troubles for Mount Elliott started in 1913. In February, a fire at the Consols Mine closed it for months. In June, a thirteen week strike closed the whole operation, severely depleting the workforce. The year 1913 was also bad for industrial accidents in the area, possibly due to inexperienced people replacing the strikers. Nevertheless, the company paid generous dividends that year.
At the end of 1914 smelting ceased for more than a year due to shortage of ore. Although 3200 tons of blister copper was produced in 1913, production fell to 1840 tons in 1914 and the workforce dwindled to only 40 men. For the second half of 1915 and early 1916 the smelter treated ore railed south from Mount Cuthbert. At the end of July 1916 the smelting plant at Selwyn was dismantled except for the flue chambers and stacks. A new furnace with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built, a large amount of second-hand equipment was obtained and the converters were increased in size.
After the enlarged furnace was commissioned in June 1917, continuing industrial unrest retarded production which amounted to only 1000 tons of copper that year. The point of contention was the efficiency of the new smelter which processed twice as much ore while employing fewer men. The company decided to close down the smelter in October and reduce the size of the furnace, the largest in Australia, from 6.5m to 5.5m. In the meantime the price of copper had almost doubled from 1916 due to wartime consumption of munitions.
The new furnace commenced on the 16th of January 1918 and 77,482 tons of ore were smelted yielding 3580 tons of blister copper which were sent to the Bowen refinery before export to Britain. Local coal and coke supply was a problem and materials were being sourced from the distant Bowen Colliery. The smelter had a good run for almost a year except for a strike in July and another in December, which caused Corbould to close down the plant until New Year. In 1919, following relaxation of wartime controls by the British Metal Corporation, the copper price plunged from about £110 per ton at the start of the year to £75 per ton in April, dashing the company's optimism regarding treatment of low grade ores. The smelter finally closed after two months operation and most employees were laid off.
For much of the period 1919 to 1922, Corbould was in England trying to raise capital to reorganise the company's operations but he failed and resigned from the company in 1922. The Mount Elliott Company took over the assets of the other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s - Mount Cuthbert in 1925 and Kuridala in 1926. Mount Isa Mines bought the Mount Elliott plant and machinery, including the three smelters, in 1943 for £2,300, enabling them to start copper production in the middle of the Second World War. The Mount Elliott Company was finally liquidated in 1953.
In 1950 A.E. Powell took up the Mount Elliott Reward Claim at Selwyn and worked close to the old smelter buildings. An open cut mine commenced at Starra, south of Mount Elliott and Selwyn, in 1988 and is Australia's third largest copper producer producing copper-gold concentrates from flotation and gold bullion from carbon-in-leach processing.
Profitable copper-gold ore bodies were recently proved at depth beneath the Mount Elliott smelter and old underground workings by Cyprus Gold Australia Pty Ltd. These deposits were subsequently acquired by Arimco Mining Pty Ltd for underground development which commenced in July 1993. A decline tunnel portal, ore and overburden dumps now occupy a large area of the Maggie Creek valley south-west of the smelter which was formerly the site of early miner's camps.
The Old Selwyn Township:
In 1907, the first hotel, run by H. Williams, was opened at the site. The township was surveyed later, around 1910, by the Mines Department. The town was to be situated north of the mine and smelter operations adjacent the railway, about 1.5km distant. It took its name from the nearby Selwyn Ranges which were named, during Burke's expedition, after the Victorian Government Geologist, A.R. Selwyn. The town has also been known by the name of Mount Elliott, after the nearby mines and smelter.
Many of the residents either worked at the Mount Elliott Mine and Smelter or worked in the service industries which grew around the mining and smelting operations. Little documentation exists about the everyday life of the town's residents. Surrounding sheep and cattle stations, however, meant that meat was available cheaply and vegetables grown in the area were delivered to the township by horse and cart. Imported commodities were, however, expensive.
By 1910 the town had four hotels. There was also an aerated water manufacturer, three stores, four fruiterers, a butcher, baker, saddler, garage, police, hospital, banks, post office (officially from 1906 to 1928, then unofficially until 1975) and a railway station. There was even an orchestra of ten players in 1912. The population of Selwyn rose from 1000 in 1911 to 1500 in 1918, before gradually declining.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
Historic 365-foot-high smelter smokestack near Salida, Colorado.
The following information is from the Colorado Historical Society:
Harvesting Historical Riches
Power Station Rehab Recharges Interest in Salida’s Past
Originally published in Colorado History NOW, March 2005
The town of Salida calls itself the “Heart of the Rockies” for good reason. Surrounded by fourteen-thousand-foot peaks, it draws visitors from the region’s extremities, infuses their souls with natural beauty, and pumps them back home along the major arterial roads, fortified and happy. Recreational activities—including whitewater rafting and fishing on the Arkansas River, hiking or climbing in the Collegiate Peaks, and skiing or snowboarding at Monarch—attract most of the people, but cultural events and the historic district pull their fair share as well. In fact, folks with their fingers on the local pulse know that Salida’s economic health owes as much to its arts scene and historical buildings as it does to postcard-perfect vistas.
It is ironic that Salida—a place known for its crisp, clean air and proximity to alpine wilderness—should focus its attention on the preservation of its industrial buildings and structures. And yet, the town’s fondness for saving architectural eyesores reflects not only an astute preservation ethic, but also an awareness of the need to save all of the significant reminders of our past and not just cute or aesthetically pleasing landmarks. Two historic resources in particular, the Salida Smelter Smokestack and the Salida Steam Plant, exemplify the town’s all-encompassing preservation program.
The extended battle to save the 365-foot-high smokestack may have paved the way for the steam plant’s more recent rehabilitation. Situated on the Denver & Rio Grande Western line and along the Arkansas River between upstream mining districts and down-river manufacturing centers like Cañon City and Pueblo, Salida was a perfect place to run a smelting operation. The railroad and river also attracted farmers and ranchers who wanted to capitalize on the valley’s unique climate. Sheltered by mountain ranges on three sides, Salida enjoys relatively mild weather in comparison to other high-country towns. Of course, the industrial and agricultural interests were bound to clash.
The Ohio and Colorado Smelting and Refining Company built the oversized chimney in response to complaints by local farmers and ranchers who claimed that cyanide-laden fumes emanating from shorter smokestacks harmed crops and animals. After a while, one local rancher got tired of lodging complaints and just submitted a bill every time one of his cows died. The company reimbursed him so handsomely that he “considered killing all of his animals on a regular basis.”
Bad jokes aside, both the smelting company and the local population understood that the air pollution represented a serious threat to public health. Anticipating lawsuits, the company decided to build a smokestack that would be so high that it would effectively remove the toxic effluvium from local airspace.
The resulting construction, a brick behemoth that outreaches Denver’s Daniels and Fisher Tower by thirty-five feet, only operated for twenty-nine months. The Ohio and Colorado Smelting and Refining Company went out of business in 1920 and subsequent owners of its property sold the operation for scrap. But vocal preservationists fought to save the tower as a monument to the Salida area’s industrial past.
The Colorado Historical Society announced the smokestack’s listing in the National Register of Historic Places in January 1976. Coinciding with Colorado’s centennial anniversary, the announcement came at a time of increasing respect for the state’s heritage. Four years later, Salida celebrated its own centennial and the local newspaper jumped on the preservation bandwagon by calling on citizens to revitalize their downtown by preserving buildings with historic significance.
Salida’s early commitment to historic preservation paid off. When a nonprofit arts organization decided to rehabilitate the town’s electrical generating plant as a theatre and conference center, local businesses, the chamber of commerce, wilderness groups, and schools lined up in support. Between 1993 and 2003, the State Historical Fund awarded the City of Salida and the Steam Plant Board of Directors $264,000 in four separate grants. The latest grant enabled the Board to rehabilitate the Steam Plant’s “Pigeon Room,” a large space once used for boilers, furnaces, and coal storage. Speaking for the city in 2002, Ron Stowell said that “The completed project will enhance the city’s whole cultural and economic outlook.”
It has. The long-abandoned Pigeon Room now serves up to 250 guests at a time, while the rest of the building continues to be used as a community theatre. Once an outmoded eyesore, the Steam Plant generates energy of a different sort by recharging the town’s interest in the arts and the beauty of historic places. And if you visit, don’t be surprised if you see a little grime on the walls. Be assured that it was left there intentionally as an authentic reminder of Salida’s industrial past.
BY BEN FOGELBERG, Editor
These flues recovered around 1.3% of the lead being smelted. In this case, around 1800 yards of flue recovered 111 tons of lead.
Traveling through sewers, not the classiest way roll around but for the time I don't give a crap. I am out of my little hole--this is great.
I walked for what seemed like forever. I probably would have went crazy because of the darkness, but thanks to my hood's night-vision I could see clear as day. In fact, I notice something drop down next to my head. It was a small,square-shaped, metallic box. I knelt down and picked it up. What could it be? I decided I should keep it. So I kept on walking.
I finally made my way to the plant--I found some maps at ACE and from what they said there was an entrance from the sewers there. It was also the closest one so I was in luck. I finally found my way to the entrance--but the ladder was rusted out. So I had to scale the walls. Mind you, this is a sewer--the walls are damp virtually no grip. But I made it and I am free...
-Red Hood
Red Hood moves from #50 ACE Chemical Plant via sewers to #78 Smelting Plant.
The new smelter at Namtu was constructed after the Second World War during which the old smelter was destroyed. It processed lead, silver, zinc and copper from the Bawdwin mines but has been out of use for some time. It was suggested that it would reopen in 2012 but I have not heard anything of this since my visit. The chimney in the background is at the end of a long flue from the smelter and is intended to carry the noxious fumes away from the works. The poisonous nature of these emissions is evident in the lack of vegetation on the hilltop.
The new smelter at Namtu was constructed after the Second World War during which the old smelter was destroyed. It processed lead, silver, zinc and copper from the Bawdwin mines but has been out of use for some time. It was suggested that it would reopen in 2012 but I have not heard anything of this since my visit. The chimney in the background is at the end of a long flue from the smelter and is intended to carry the noxious fumes away from the works. The poisonous nature of these emissions is evident in the lack of vegetation on the hilltop.