TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Holothuroideaia

Order: Aspidochirotida

Family: Stichopodidae

Genus/species: Parastichopus parvimensis

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Colored brown above, lighter below. Conical black-tipped papillae on the dorsal side provide the common name. The mouth and anus are on opposite ends of their cylindrical bodies. Tube feet aide in gathering food as well as ambulating.Length to 25 cm (10 inches).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Monterey Bay, California to Baja California. Found on sandy or muddy-sandy soft bottoms between rocks or in eelgrass beds. Sub tidal to 27 m (89 feet) in depth.

DIET: Digests organic detritus and small organisms in soft sediments.

REPRODUCTION?DEVELOPMENT: Have separate sexes (look alike), and eggs are fertilized externally. Broadcast spawning usually takes place in November, and each female can produce thousands of eggs. After fertilization, a larva is formed which metamorphoses into a Sea Cucumber after a few weeks.

MORTALITY/LONGEVITY: Eaten by sea stars including the sunflower star. Sea otters and humans are also predators. Lifespan estimated to be 5-10 years in the wild.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red list; Not Evaluated

REMARKS: Holothuroids differ from echinoderms, because they have a water vascular system full of body fluid rather than sea water. Like other echinoderms, cucumbers have a calcareous skeleton; but in their case it is only vestigial, composed of plates and spicules of lime buried in the skin and serving merely to stiffen the body wall. Respiratory trees are the lungs of a sea cucumber. These hollow branched organs lie inside the body cavity on either side of the posterior intestine. The base of the tree connects to a muscular cavity, or cloaca. Oxygen is transferred across the thin membrane into the fluids of the body cavity. When the oxygen is depleted, the main body wall contracts to squeeze water out of the trees.

When threatened, it can expel all its internal organs through its anus (evisceration) and grow new ones in 2-4 weeks. It can also expel sticky filaments to ensnare or confuse predators. Warty sea cucumbers and their related species are sometimes called the “earthworms of the sea,” as they cultivate the seafloor in much the same manner as earthworms cultivate the soil. Oral tube feet around the mouth are covered with a sticky mucus that traps food particles from the seafloor's sediment and mud. In areas where overfishing has reduced the population of sea cucumbers, the seafloor hardens, thus destroying a habitat for other bottom-dwelling creatures. Can walk on tube feet if stressed up to one yard every 15 min..

Humans eat a variety of sea cucumber species, including Warty sea cucumbers. The demand is greatest in Asian countries, for consumption and folk medicine applications. It is considered to be widely overfished.

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent Tide pool training 2015

ADW Animal Diversity Web, U. of Michigan

animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Parastichopus_par...

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/597920/details

Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/invertebrates/wa...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-s6

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3702926813/in/album-721...

Tidepool

8-9-12, 10-16-14, 12-7-15

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum:Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Serranidae (Sea Basses: Groupers, and Fairy Basslets)

Genus/species: Pseudanthias pleurotaenia

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Sexually dichromatic. The male is orange-red to magenta, one large violet square on each side of its body (thus the common name), elongate third dorsal spine. Coloration and size of “square” highly variable among individuals; female less colorful. On many individuals, the magenta square spot appears to glow like a neon light.

Length up to 20 cm (8 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indonesia to Samoa, Japan and the eastern Indian Ocean over steep, current-swept seaward dropoffs, 10–180 m (30-550 ft), but typically below 25 m (75 ft) depth.

DIET IN THE WILD: Small crustaceans and fish eggs.

REPRODUCTION: Sequential hermaphrodite: can change sex from female to male. All Squarespot Anthiasis begin life as females. All males are sexually reversed females. Sex reversal is due to environmental or social factors ensureing there will always be a male and a female to reproduce.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List Least Concern (LC)

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608545590153/

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-mz

fishbase www.fishbase.se/summary/Pseudanthias-pleurotaenia.html

IUCN www.iucnredlist.org/details/158627/0

Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/fishes/squarespot

Georgia Aquarium www.georgiaaquarium.org/animal-guide/georgia-aquarium/hom...

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

On January 27th, 2013, with this tweet we celebrated reaching 60,000 signatures on the We the People petition to The White House, for public access to public-funded research. This visualization displays tweets using the shortened link to the petition itself, wh.gov/6TH.

More than eight months after the petition had started and seven months after we had reached the 25,000-signature threshold triggering a White House response, as shown above there were still daily tweets using the petition's official shortlink on Twitter. As also seen above, there were not only 39 retweets of this update, but many other conversations on Twitter following the update, generally discussing that we had been waiting a long time. We would discover later it had been worth the wait.

Open Science Federation, @openscience on Twitter had previously noted the 40,000th signature, the 50,000th signature, and many other moments while waiting for the White House response. We always took the chance to cc the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, @whitehouseostp on Twitter and remind them that we were waiting. Finally, with just over 65,000 signatures on the petition we received not only a positive response, but an historic directive for Open Access and Open Data from The White House, on February 22, 2013.

TAXONOMY

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda (slugs, snails, nudibranchs, abalone)

Order: Archaeogastropoda (sea snails)

Family: Haliotidae (abalones)

Genus/species: Haliotis rufescens

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The red abalone is a large limpet-like snail with a flattened and rounded shell. The shell can reach up to 30 cm (11.8 in) in length and is usually brick red and overgrown with fouling organisms. Color varies with diet and varies between aquamarine, green, or white. Water enters anteriorly through row of holes parallel to the rim of the shell and exits posteriorly carrying waste products and gametes. When in danger, the abalone clamps its shell tightly to the substrate, protecting soft parts of its body. The shell’s color is influenced by the animal’s diet. The red color is from the pigment phycoerythrin consumed in its red alga diet. Color varies with a diet of brown algae (varies between aquamarine, green, or white).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Red abalone are found from Oregon to Baja California. They are uncommon in the lower intertidal zone in rocky areas with heavy surf. Most are now found at 6 to 17 m (20 to 56 ft) depth in central California.

DIET IN THE WILD: Small abalones feed on diatoms and algae; larger animals browse the seaweeds. Red abalone eat algae, especially red and brown species. Usually foraging at night, they trap drifting pieces of algae (kelp) with the tentacles that extend from the foot. The algae is then carried by the foot to the mouth, and is torn and consumed with by the radula.

PREDATORS: Sea stars, crabs, octopuses, sea otters and human divers are among the abalone's primary predators.

REPRODUCTION: After spawning takes place, fertilized eggs sink. Larvae develop in the plankton until they settle to the bottom, metamorphose, and begin to graze. Growth slows with increasing size and age. Mortality is very high in the planktonic stages. Mature individuals can live more than 20 years.

REMARKS: Red abalone are highly endangered due to overexploitation by the abalone fishery. The population plummeted in the late twentieth century, but poaching continues to be a problem. California passed many strict regulations to protect the red abalone: abalone smaller than 20 cm (8 in) in diameter are protected, the canning of abalone is prohibited, and the shipment of fresh or frozen meat out of California is prohibited. Red abalone is the only species that can still be fished. Aquacultured abalone is now increasingly available.

Abalone blood is blue green and cannot clot making injury possibly fatal.

Tidepool

References:

California Academy of Sciences, Steinhart Aquarium 2015

Marine Biology Coloring book, T.M. Nielsen, 2nd Ed. Harper Resource 1982, 2000.

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/620396/details

Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/invertebrates/ab...

California Fish and Game www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/pdfs/response/abalone.pdf

Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-wp

2-16-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetacea

Family: Delphinidae (Killer whales are the largest of the dolphin famiily)

Genus/species: Oricnus orca

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Black on top with white undersides and white patches near their eyes; highly variable gray or white saddle behind the dorsal fins. They have the second heaviest brain among marine mammals (only the Sperm whale which has the heaviest brain of any animal is heavier).

Males: Up to 10 m (32 ft) in length and can weigh up to 10,000 kg (22,000 pounds).

Females; Up to 8.5 m (28 ft) in length and can weigh up to 7,500 kg (16,500 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: The most widely distributed marine mammals. Ten ectotypes are found in all parts of the oceans; most abundant in colder waters, including Antarctica, the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

DIET: They swim in groups, like wolf packs and may reach speed bursts of 55 Kilometers (34 miles) per hour while hunting fish, marine mammals and sharks. Off Shore Orcas' teeth are worn down from eating small sharks (generally dogfish), which have rough skin. See the teeth offshore Orca 0139 above. Orcas depend heavily on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication.

Some Orcas work together to ‘herd’ fish, before stunning the prey with strikes from the tail flukes, or join together in coordinated attacks on large whales.

REPRODUCTION: O. orca reach sexual maturity when they grow to about 4.6 m-5.4 m (15-18 ft) long, There is no distinct calving season. Newborns are up to 2.4 m (8 ft) long and weighing about 180 kg (400 pounds).

They are nursed for at least a year, and may be weaned between 1-2 years old. It is thought that females give birth about every 5 years for an average period of 25 years.

PREDATORS: None. Killer Whales are marine apex predators.

LONGEVITY: 60-80 years.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Redlist: data deficient (DD).

All marine mammals, including killer whales, are protected in the United States. Global population at a minimum of about 50,000 animals.

Threats: Orcas are also sometimes seen as competitors by fishermen and are often shot as a result. In addition, the Orca may occasionally be caught accidentally in trawl and driftnet fisheries and overfishing can reduce its food supply.

Toxin accumulations that settle in their fatty tissue, such as PCBs, PBDEs and brominated fire retardants, are other hazards.

REMARKS: Highly social with matriarchal societies. They rely on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication. They have relatively stable social groups that often range in size from 2 to 15 animals. Groups as large as several hundred individuals are rare.

Our three local Orca ecotypes, the Resident, Transient and Offshore, differ in morphology, ecology, behavior and genetics.

Resident Orca remain in one general area, in small family groups, and prefer salmon as their main prey item. In the U.S. North Pacific.

Transient Orca are found throughout the eastern North Pacific, and have primarily been studied in coastal waters. Their geographic range overlaps that of the resident and offshore killer whales. They often eat marine mammals, and migrating gray whale calves.

Offshores Orca have the largest geographic range of any killer whale community in the northeastern Pacific and often occur 15 km (9 miles) or more offshore. They also are found in coastal waters and occasionally enter protected inshore waters congregating in groups of 20-75 animals with occasional sightings of larger groups up to 200 animals.

SPECIAL NOTE: This Offshore Orca was known to scientists before it died. It was last seen near Vancouver Island in Sept. 2011. This 5.5 m (18 ft) Killer Whale was discovered washed up on a beach Point Reyes, California Nov., 2011. Orca 0139 was collected and examined and was noted to have a broken rib which was the likely cause of death. The ID was was confirmed by photos of his dorsal fin and saddle patch. It has been on display at the California Academy of Sciences since 2013. Alive, he weighed between 1360 kg - 1,800 kg (3000 and 4000 pounds), and was about 5.4 m (18 ft) long. His head alone weighed 91 kg (200 pounds).

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent program Whale information information March 2015

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink fishoncomputer.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5834&...

California Academy of Sciences

theboneman.com/Sanfranciscoorca.html

ARKive www.arkive.org/orca/orcinus-orca/

IUCN Redlist: www.iucnredlist.org/details/15421/0

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/killer-whale....

Shirihai, H & Jarrett (2006) Whales Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World Princeton University Press.

Evans, P & Weinrich, M (2002) Whales Dolphins and Porpoises D K London New York Munich Melbourne and Delhi.

Reeves, R, R, et al (2002) Guide to Marine Mammals of the World

Chanticleer Press, Inc.

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/18016037680/in/album-72...

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Pomacentridae (Damselfishes)

Subfamily: Amphiprioninae (anemonefishes)

Genus/species: Amphiprion ocellaris

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Adults are orange with three broad vertical white bands with thin black margins. Females are larger than males. Similar to the Clown Anemonefish (Amphiprion percula) but has 11 spines in the dorsal fin compared to 10, while the spiny part of the dorsal fin is also taller.

Length up to 9 cm (3.5 inches)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Found among tropical Pacific Ocean. coral reefs. They sleep and feed among the

tentacles of their host anemone. Stichodactyla gigantea, Stichodactyla mertensi, as well as the anemone Heteractis magnifica. The False Clownfish is usually found at depths of about 15 m (50 ft).

DIET IN THE WILD: Feeds primarily on zooplankton, especially copepods and also on filamentous algae.

REPRODUCTION: A. ocellaris breeds continuously at the Steinhart. Adhesive eggs are laid on a patch of cleared rock near the host anemone’s base and guarded by the male. Eggs hatch after 10 days. The tiny transparent planktonic larvae swim away from the anemone. Two weeks later the larvae metamorphose into small fish. As protandrous hermaphrodites; all individuals mature as males, and all females are sex-reversed males. In the absence of a female the largest male will turn into a female.

Longevity: Up to 12 years in captivity

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List Not Evaluated

REMARKS. Clownfish and anemone display a classic case of mutualism. Clownfish become resistant to their host by gradually (matter of minutes to days) acquiring a covering of mucus

by brushing against the tentacles of their host. Once the fish has become chemosensorilly camouflaged, the host anemone’s nematocysts do not sting the clownfish.

Some of the anemone’s nutrition results from the clownfish’s activities; clownfish gain protection among the anemone’s nematocysts.

Nemo and his parents in Finding Nemo resemble this species. That said, Marlin, Nemo’s father, given the scenario would have changed into a female following the death of Nemo’s mother and remained near his host anemone, rather than swimming to Sydney. But then the film makers wouldn’t have a narrative to support this film! The name “Nemo” has found its way into FishBase as a common name for this species in the USA.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine coral reef 2016

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-FJ

Animal Diversity Web

animaldiversity.org/accounts/Amphiprion_ocellaris/

fishbase

fishbase.org/summary/Amphiprion-ocellaris.html

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608339622313/...

10-12-12, 4-28-16, 6-7-17

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

Color of Life note: Brightly colored fish seem to jump into your sight. But underwater, these bright colors mingle with those of other fish, reef creatures, and the coral itself, to offer a mixtures of color and patterns in which no one individual stands out. Movement of the anemones and corals in the current also serve to obscure and protect the fish.

Ref: California Academy Academy of Sciences, Color of Life Exhibit 2015

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets)

Genus/species: Hypoplectrus gummigutta

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Body rich chrome-yellow in color. The snout is black bordered by an iridescent blue. Pectoral fins pigmented. Hamlet "species" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: H. gummigutta is rare and found in the Western Central Atlantic. It is coral reef associated.

CONSERVATION: IUCN: Least Concern (LC)

No known major threat but juveniles are potentially a prey item of the invasive Lionfish,

REPRODUCTION: The Golden Hamlet is a simultaneous hermaphrodite (possesses both male and female sex organs). Successful spawning requires two individual fish.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Caribbean Reef 2016

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1yL

Reef builders.com (an excellent description of the caribbean reef exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences). reefbuilders.com/2015/03/24/steinhart-aquariums-caribbean...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/Hypoplectrus-gummigutta.html

IUCN Red List www.iucnredlist.org/details/16751128/0

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/19442208331/in/album-72...

6-25-15, 08-06-15

Sperm Whale mandible being buried California Academy of Sciences roof. April 2015

On April 15, 2015 biologists and researchers from the Marine Mammal Center and the California Academy of Sciences performed a necropsy on a beached sperm whale found below Mori Point in Pacifica. Because of its size the mandible is now on the Academy roof buried underneath some soil, which will allow the tissue remaining on the bone to decompose Exposure to the sun after removal from the dirt will naturally whiten the specimen which will become part of the Academy's research collection.

Reference: Laura Wilkinson, California Academy of Sciences.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetartiodactyla

Suborder: Odontoceti (toothed whales)

Family: Physeteridae

Genus/species: Physeter macrocephalus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Have large square heads, comprising almost a third of the total body length with the largest and heaviest brain of any living animal. The head of a Sperm whales contains the spermaceti organ used in echo location. It is filled with a waxy liquid called spermaceti oil. Their single blowhole is located on the left of the head rather than on the top and they have a low, bushy spout, which is projected forward and slightly to the left. Their skin is wrinkled to increase surface area for heat loss, giving them a shriveled look. Color is dark brown to bluish-black and there usually is a large hump (no fin) on the back. There are 18-28 functional teeth on each side of the lower jaws, but the upper teeth are few, weak and nonfunctional. The lower teeth fit into sockets in the upper jaw. .

Male length to 17 m (60 ft) in length, making it the largest toothed whale. Weight up to 54,431 kg (60 tons).

Female length to 12 m (37 ft), Weight to 24,494 kg (27 tons).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Found in all of the oceans of the world except the high Arctic. Primarily an inhabitant of the open ocean in offshore areas, the Sperm whale may also occasionally be seen closer to land, providing that the water is deeper than 200 m (650 ft). In California, sperm whales can be seen in waters off the continental slope from November to April.

DIET: Powerful sound waves are emitted from the head which can stun and perhaps kill squid, octopuses and fish including sharks and rays. They eat about 907 kg (2,200 lbs/1 ton) per day.

Note: Surprisingly teeth aren't used mainly for eating. Male Sperm whales appear to use their teeth mostly for fighting other males. The whale sucks prey into its mouth and gullet which is large enough to swallow a man whole. Ref. Te Papa, New Zealand museum and The Encyclopedia of Life.

REPRODUCTION: Mating occurs in spring and summer.After a gestation period of about 16 months, a single calf weighing up to 500 kg (1100 lbs.) is born between July and November. The calf is suckled for up to two years.

Females protect their young by adopting a defensive ‘marguerite formation’ in which the calves are surrounded by a circle of females, facing tail outwards.

Adult males lead a solitary life except for the breeding season. Female and young male sperm whales are social and sometimes are seen in pods, or groups, of up to 50 whales.

PREDATORS: Killer whales

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List Vulnerable VU Large-scale hunting began in 1712 in the North Atlantic, based at Nantucket in America. These whales were not widely hunted for its meat, but for ambergris and spermaceti oil. Ambergris collects around the indigestible beaks of squid in the stomach of the whale, and was highly prized for use as a fixative in the perfume industry; spermaceti was used in the production of cosmetics and candles. Recent estimates suggest a global population of 300,000 animals, down from about 1,100,000 before whaling.

Although the International Whaling Commission brought an international moratorium on whaling into force in the 1980s Japan continues to kill whales and dolphins.

Threats: Japan continues to hunt Sperm whales every year at Lamalera, Indonesia using hand harpoons. Other threats include entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with boats.

REMARKS:

P. macrocephalus dives can last two hours and can be as deep as 3000m (9800 ft) making it the deepest diving mammal.

A white Sperm whale was featured in Herman Melville’s classic novel, Moby Dick.

References:

Te Papa, the New Zealand museum Whale to the exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences 2015

Laura Wilkinson, California Academy of Sciences.

ARKive www.arkive.org/sperm-whale/physeter-macrocephalus/

National Geographic www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/18639770676/in/album-72...

Marine Mammal Center www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-inform..

Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/marine-mammals/s...

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/328547/details

Ron's flickr eol.org/pages/328547/details

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1wI

Marine Mammal Center

www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-inform...

Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animal-guide/marine-mammals/s...

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/328547/details

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/18478019998/in/album-72...

TAXONOMY

Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes)

Genus/species: Acanthurus blochii

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Color in life bluish grey with numerous yellowish brown spots which tend to form irregular longitudinal lines; head with narrow irregular stripes; behind eye a yellow spot; brown pectoral fins; base of caudal fin with white bar. Caudal spine large. Differs from A. dussumieri by having vertical stripes instead of spots on the blue central area of the caudal fin, from A. mata by having a lunate caudal fin, and from A. xanthopterus by having plain brown to blue-grey pectoral fins The white ring around the base of the tail varies in intensity and may occasionally be absent.

Max size: up to 45 cm (18 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, south to Australia in lagoons and shallow coral reefs.

REMARKS: A distinguishing feature of surgeonfishes, tangs, and

unicornfishes is a modified scale on the caudal peduncle, which forms a scalpel-like sharp blade often covered with toxic slime. These spines are used for species recognition, defense, and competition for mates. Note: Acanthus means “thorn” or “spine”.

Depth 2–15 m (6-50 ft)

DIET IN THE WILD: Graze on algae, diatoms and detritus

CONSERVATION; IUCN Red List Least Concern

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-C1

fishbase www.fishbase.se/summary/4750

IUCN www.iucnredlist.org/details/177971/0

Encyclopedia of life eol.org/pages/211484/details

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3320764840/in/set-72157...

2-8-13, 3-3-16

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Order: Forcipulatida

Family: Asteriidae

Genus/species: Pisaster ochraceus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Color varies from orange, violet, dark brown or mottled, but very rarely ochre. One study showed that less than two percent of the individuals in three local Northern California populations were “ochre” in color. When dead and dry they become ochre in color.

The aboral (top) surface contains many small spines (ossicles) that are arranged in a netlike or pentagonal pattern. Papulae or coelomic pouches give the seastar's surface a soft, fuzzy appearance. They are used for respiration and waste excretion. P. ochraceus may have an arm radius of up to 28 cm (11 in), but the more common radius is half that figure. They typically have five arms or rays, but the number can range from four to seven. Like all sea stars, an adult P. ochraceus has tube feet which they use for locomotion and for handling prey.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Ochre stars range from Alaska to Santa Barbara County, California. They prefer the low-to-mid intertidal zones on rocky shores, especially on mussel beds, and are also found in the subtidal zone to a depth of 88 m (288 ft). Juveniles are found in crevices and under rocks.

DIET IN THE WILD: California mussels are the favored and locally abundant prey. They also consume acorn barnacles, emarginated dogwinkles, gooseneck barnacles, owl limpets, etc. They can insert their stomach into slits as narrow as 0.1 mm between the valves of bivalves and begin digestion.

ACADEMY DIET: Manila clams, chopped fish, large krill, chopped squid; it also eats other exhibit inhabitants.

PREDATORS: Adults are eaten by sea otters and seagulls. According to Dr. Thomas Niesen, the sea otter can crunch them up but is also known to bite off the tips of the arms and suck out the gonads.

REPRODUCTION: They are mainly dioecious. The male gametes develop, but later only females ones are produced. During a transitional period, both eggs and sperm are produced. The gonopores of the individual gonads open at the bases of the arms. Fertilization is external. Larvae are free-swimming and plankton-feeding.

LIFESPAN: Up to 20 years

REMARKS: P. ochraceus tolerate strong surges, large temperature changes, dilution by rainfall, and dessication. It is resistant to dessication and it can tolerate a loss of thirty-percent of its body weight in body fluids.

Sea stars can regenerate lost arms with a portion of the central disc intact and in some species from a single arm.

NOTE: Sea star wasting syndrome has become a major problem in both the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean since 2013.. For an excellent summary check this link to the University of Santa Cruz 9-9-14

www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea...

Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.

www.fitzgeraldreserve.org/newffmrsite/wp-content/uploads/...

Reference: Source: Dr. Thomas Niesen

Author and Professor Emeritus in Marine Biology

San Francisco State University

Marsha Cohen, Docent California Academy of Sciences

11-17-14 Recent research identifies a virus (Parvoviridae) is responsible for the wasting disease. Introduced virus was

able to infect healthy sea stars with the virus, which then leads to wasting symptoms. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

Additional References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Tidepool 2017

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/598469/details

Woods Hole www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/kamaral/SeaStar.html

Bishop Museum hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op11-8.pdf

Animal Diversity Web, U of Michigan animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pisaster_ochraceus/

Walla Walla University www.wallawalla.edu/academics/departments/biology/rosario/...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-sC

4-1-13, 9-11-13, 7-11-14. 10-1-14, 11-11-15, 1-9-17

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes)

Genus/species: Acanthurus dussumieri

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Bluish to brownish body with horizontal line markings; yellow stripe through eye, blue tail with numerous black spots; white caudal spine with the socket edged in black. Typically seen as a solitary fish but may also occur in small groups.

Max. size: up to 50 cm (20 in).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indo-Pacific: from East Africa to Hawaii and the eastern Central Pacific. Also from Southwest Japan to the Great Barrier Reef. Absent from most of the Central Pacific. Adults are found mainly on deep coastal reef slopes and outer reef walls.

Depth ranges from 4–131 m (4-430 ft) and are usually found below 30 ft..

DIET IN THE WILD: Grazes algae from reefs and sand.

IUCN Red List Least Concern

REMARKS: The eyestripe surgeonfish reputedly has a strong odor when cooked. The Hawaiian name for this fish is palani and a Hawaiian riddle based on this name means “odor reaching to heaven.” This species can quickly change its coloration to a much darker shade that obscures the yellow and markings.

A distinguishing feature of surgeonfishes, tangs, and

unicornfishes is a modified scale on the caudal peduncle, which forms a scalpel-like sharp blade often covered with toxic slime. These spines are used for species recognition, defense, and competition for mates. Note: Acanthus means “thorn” or “spine”.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1aY

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/1256

IUCN Red List www.iucnredlist.org/details/177981/0

Australian Museum australianmuseum.net.au/eyestripe-surgeonfish-acanthurus-...

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/206881/details

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3380836350/in/album-721...

12-18-08, 1-10-13 1-2-14

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Psittaciformes (psittacines or parrots, cockatoos, and relatives)

Superfamily Psittacoidea (true parrots)

Family: Psittacidae

Subfamily: Arinae

Genus/species: Ara ararauna

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: A large parrot ultramarine blue color on their backs and wings, yellow under parts, green forehead feathers, and green tips on the end of their wings. Their under-wing coverts and breast are yellow-orange and they have black beaks, throat, and legs. Their eyes are yellow and their facial area consists of bare white skin with several black feather lines around their eyes.

Length 32-36 inches with a wing span of 41 to 45 inches.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Eastern Panama in Central America south across northern South America, extending to Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Can be found throughout subtropical and tropical forests, woodlands, and savannas nesting high in trees to avoid predation.

DIET IN THE WILD: Mostly fruits and seeds. They use their strong beaks they break open nut shells and seeds. Consuming riverbank clay detoxifies unripe seed toxins. Dispersing seeds is important to the rainforest.

REPRODUCTION: Blue and Gold Macaws are monogamous mating for life. Females lay 2 to 3 eggs and incubate them for 24 to 28 days, after which the young hatch blind and featherless. Fledglings become independent in 3 months.

LONGEVITY: Up to 50 years while their breeding age ranges from 30 to 35 years.

PREDATORS: A. ararauna are attacked while in flight by harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja), hawk eagles (Nisaetus cirrhatus) and orange-breasted falcons (Falco deiroleucus).

CONSERVATION: IUCN: Least Concern (LC) due to their large geographic range.

REMARKS: Their beaks are extremely powerful with a bite force up to 200 lbs per square inch. Beaks are used as ‘third foot’. Feet are “Zygodactyl” (2 toes oriented forward, 2 toes oriented backward) are used for climbing, holding food.

These birds are in the parrot family, and are referred to as Psittacines. They are known for their extraordinary coloration, intelligence, social behavior and being very vocal

Rainforest bolla

References

California Academy of Sciences Rainforest 2017

Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ara_ararauna/

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/1177961/details

IUCN Red List animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ara_ararauna/

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608454346681/...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-14s

3-23-13, 9-7-13, 3-11-15, 4-6-17

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

Color of Life Note: The dark brownish-green Anaconda demonstrates concealment by laying hidden in the murky waters of the Amazon. It is is more visible at the California Academy of Sciences exhibit where the water is much more transparent.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles, all lizards and snakes)

Family: Boida (Boas)

Genus/species: Eunectes murinus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Can grow to more than 29 feet (8.8 meters), weigh more than 227 kilograms (550 pounds) and measure more than 30 cm (12 in) (30 centimeters) in diameter. Gigantic, heavy-bodied, dark green boa with dark spots. A distinctive stripe runs from the rear edge of the eye, diagonally downwards to the back of the head. The stripe is edged with black and varies in colouration, from greenish to orange. Eyes and nasal openings are on top of their heads, allowing them to lay in wait for prey while remaining nearly completely submerged. The female dwarfs the male and is almost five times heavier.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT South America: Amazon and Orinoco drainages from Colombia and Venezuela to East Bolivia and Central Brazil. Associated strongly with watercourses, swamps and other freshwater locations.

DIET IN THE WILD Monkeys, deer, peccaries, pacas, agoutis, birds, fish, caiman and turtles. Prey usually killed by constriction; prey suffocates but is not crushed. Usually feed in water. Jaws attached by stretchy ligaments allow them to swallow their prey whole, no matter the size, and they can go weeks or months without food after a big meal. Primarily a lie-in-wait predator.

Academy Diet: Frozen/thawed rabbits (P. Dwight Biologist).

REPRODUCTION Female anacondas retain their eggs and give birth to two to three dozen live young. Baby snakes are about 0.6 meters (2 ft). After mating, the female may eat one or more of her mating partners, as she does not take in food for up to seven months.

MORTALITY/LONGEVITY: Lives to over 29 years.

CONSERVATION: Not threatened.

REMARKS: The anaconda is, pound for pound, the largest snake in the world. The reticulated python, can reach slightly greater lengths, but the enormous girth of the anaconda makes it almost twice as heavy. Can remained submerged for a very long time lying in wait for its next meal.

The California Academy of Sciences specimen is a female. Length/wt 2013: 13 ft 11 inches long and weight 92 lbs.

2008, 3m (10 feet) long and weighed 90 lbs.

Flooded Amazon AM03

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Flooded Amazon Anaconda Exhibit 2018

U. of Michigan Animal diversity Web animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Eunectes_murinus/

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/794661/overview

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-bt

5-3-13, 10-10-13, 10-21-14, 9-11-15

Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Osteoglossiformes

Family: Osteoglossidae ( Bonytongues)

Genus/species: Osteoglossum bicirrhosum

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The silver arowana is a large fish with a length to 1.2 m (4 ft) and weight to 4.6 kg (10 lbs). The silvery body is covered with very big scales, and the dorsal and anal fins are almost fused with the caudal fin. They have a bony tongue with a huge oblique mouth and oral bones bearing teeth, including the jaw, palate, tongue and pharynx. Two barbels are found at the end of the lower jaw.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: This fish is found in tropical freshwater, and is especially prevalent in flooded areas and swamps in the Amazon River system. It is capable of adapting to environments with low oxygen levels.

DIET IN THE WILD: O. bicirrhosum feed mainly on crustaceans, insects, smaller fishes, and other animals that float on the water; its upturned mouth is an adaptation for surface feeding. Sometimes called the “water monkey” for its jumping abilities, arawana have been known to leap some 2 m (6.5 ft) out of the water to pluck a surprised and often doomed insect or bird from overhanging branches. Bats and snakes have also been occasionally found as stomach contents.

REPRODUCTION: Interestingly, the Arawana male is a mouth brooder carrying eggs, larvae, and young juveniles in his mouth for about 2 months.

Life span: Estimates range from 10–20 years.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List; Not Evaluated

CITES: No special status

REMARKS: Arawana provide the largest source of protein in comparison to other Amazon fish. Also, because of its low fat content, they are considered the most digestable and least likely to bring about sickness.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Amazon Flooded Tunnel 2018

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-a0

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/15007803584/in/set-7215...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/Osteoglossum-bicirrhosum.html

Animal Diversity web animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Osteoglossum_bici...

"It’s Easy Being Green" Docent Course. California Academy of Sciences 2014

AM11 9-27-11, 11-6-14, 8-1-15, 2-16-18

TAXONOMY

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Order: Echinoida

Family: Strongylocentrotidae

Genus/species: Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC: Round body with radially symmetrical test, (shell), covered with large spines 0.5 cm (2 in) in diameter, rarely to 10 cm (4in). Test and spines are pale green (young) to purple (adults). Also covering the test or shell, are tube feet and pedicellariae (pincers).

The long suckered tube feet visible above the spines are used for locomotion and capture of food, which is then passed along to the mouth. The oral side of the urchin, on which the mouth is located, is usually the side facing the substrate (down). Sexes are not physically distinguishable from one another (monomorphic).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: British Columbia to Baja California in the lower intertidal to 160 m (525 ft) depth. Rounded burrows in rock that have been scoured out by the present or previous urchin using its teeth (Aristotle’s lantern) and spines, a strategy that protects from predators and surge. Subtidal purple urchins live, often in large numbers, on the substrate among kelp holdfasts.

DIET IN THE WILD: Herbivore/Detritivore. Kelp, other algae, diatoms and scavenge on dead animals. These urchins prefer the giant brown kelp Macrocystis and can destroy entire forests of kelp which are commercially important for fisheries. Algin a product from kelp is also used in the manufacturing of plastics, paints and as a thickening agent in foods such as gravy and pudding.

PREDATORS: Preyed upon by seastars such as the sunflower star and cancer crab species as well as fish such as the California sheepshead, shorebirds and sea otters. Sheephead blow over sea urchins and nibble at the oral side where the spines are shortest. When approached by most sea stars, the urchin allows the potential predator to get close, then uses its pincers to attack the sea star’s tube feet. Most sea star species will beat a hasty retreat; however, the sunflower star is too big and fast; the urchin cannot escape and is swallowed whole! Can live to more than 30 years.

REPRODUCTION: Sexually mature during their second year. Sexes are separate, although hermaphrodites occur. Broadcast spawning deposits sperm or eggs into the sea where random fertilization occurs. Pluteus larvae hatch, drift and settle. Growth after metamorphosis is slow.

CONSERVATION: CITES; no special status

REMARKS: Purple pigments from this urchin lodge in the bones and teeth of sea otters, turning the otter’s skeleton and teeth purple.

In the wild, they protect themselves from predation, drying out, and damage from the sun’s UV light by covering themselves with seaweed or shells.

Sea urchin is commonly used in sushi and is considered a delicacy Japan. The primary urchin harvesting company in California sends 75% of the harvest to Japan.

LOCATION

Rocky Reef cluster, California rocky coast, Tidepool

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent Water is Life Guide 2015

eol eol.org/pages/598175/details

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608501343477/

Ron's Wordpress shortlink: wp.me/p1DZ4b-vq

4-1-13, 9-11-13, 9-15-14, 1-1-15, 11-25-15

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Order: Forcipulatida

Family: Asteriidae

Genus/species: Pisaster ochraceus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Color varies from orange, violet, dark brown or mottled, but very rarely ochre. One study showed that less than two percent of the individuals in three local Northern California populations were “ochre” in color. When dead and dry they become ochre in color.

The aboral (top) surface contains many small spines (ossicles) that are arranged in a netlike or pentagonal pattern. Papulae or coelomic pouches give the seastar's surface a soft, fuzzy appearance. They are used for respiration and waste excretion. P. ochraceus may have an arm radius of up to 28 cm (11 in), but the more common radius is half that figure. They typically have five arms or rays, but the number can range from four to seven. Like all sea stars, an adult P. ochraceus has tube feet which they use for locomotion and for handling prey.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Ochre stars range from Alaska to Santa Barbara County, California. They prefer the low-to-mid intertidal zones on rocky shores, especially on mussel beds, and are also found in the subtidal zone to a depth of 88 m (288 ft). Juveniles are found in crevices and under rocks.

DIET IN THE WILD: California mussels are the favored and locally abundant prey. They also consume acorn barnacles, emarginated dogwinkles, gooseneck barnacles, owl limpets, etc. They can insert their stomach into slits as narrow as 0.1 mm between the valves of bivalves and begin digestion.

ACADEMY DIET: Manila clams, chopped fish, large krill, chopped squid; it also eats other exhibit inhabitants.

PREDATORS: Adults are eaten by sea otters and seagulls. According to Dr. Thomas Niesen, the sea otter can crunch them up but is also known to bite off the tips of the arms and suck out the gonads.

REPRODUCTION: They are mainly dioecious. The male gametes develop, but later only females ones are produced. During a transitional period, both eggs and sperm are produced. The gonopores of the individual gonads open at the bases of the arms. Fertilization is external. Larvae are free-swimming and plankton-feeding.

LIFESPAN: Up to 20 years

REMARKS: P. ochraceus tolerate strong surges, large temperature changes, dilution by rainfall, and dessication. It is resistant to dessication and it can tolerate a loss of thirty-percent of its body weight in body fluids.

Sea stars can regenerate lost arms with a portion of the central disc intact and in some species from a single arm.

NOTE: Sea star wasting syndrome has become a major problem in both the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean since 2013.. For an excellent summary check this link to the University of Santa Cruz 9-9-14

www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea...

Fitzgerald Marine Reserve.

www.fitzgeraldreserve.org/newffmrsite/wp-content/uploads/...

Reference: Source: Dr. Thomas Niesen

Author and Professor Emeritus in Marine Biology

San Francisco State University

Marsha Cohen, Docent California Academy of Sciences

11-17-14 Recent research identifies a virus (Parvoviridae) is responsible for the wasting disease. Introduced virus was

able to infect healthy sea stars with the virus, which then leads to wasting symptoms. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

Additional References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Tidepool 2017

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/598469/details

Woods Hole www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/kamaral/SeaStar.html

Bishop Museum hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op11-8.pdf

Animal Diversity Web, U of Michigan animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pisaster_ochraceus/

Walla Walla University www.wallawalla.edu/academics/departments/biology/rosario/...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-sC

4-1-13, 9-11-13, 7-11-14. 10-1-14, 11-11-15, 1-9-17

TAXONOMY:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Cypriniformes (Carps)

Family: Cyprinidae (Minnows or Carps)

Genus/species: Puntius titteya

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: An elongated fish with a compressed body, fawn-colored on top with a slight greenish sheen. Sides and belly have silver highlights with a horizontal stripe extending from the tip of the snout through the eye to the base of the caudal fin, with an iridescent, metallic line above it.

Males are redder than females and attain a deeper red color at breeding time. Females are usually yellow and they are much lighter in color, usually just with some yellow and a light orange/black horizontal band. The female is also a lot plumper than the male. Cherry refers to the fish’s red color. Length to 5 cm (2 inches).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Native to Sri Lanka with introduced populations established in Mexico

and Colombia. Found in heavily shaded streams and rivulets, preferring shallow, slow-moving water with silt substrate and leaf cover.

DIET IN THE WILD: Omnivorous, detritus, green algae, diatoms, dipterans and animal matter.

REPRODUCTION: Most small cyprinids Puntius spp. are egg-scattering free spawners exhibiting no parental care.

CONSERVATION IUCN: Least concern

BO09 Southeast Asia Community

References

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/212437/details

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/Puntius-titteya.html

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3729700826/in/set-72157...

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-17f

7-30-09, 10-25-14, 1-16-15

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch likes)

Family: Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes)

Genus/species: Chaetodon sedentarius.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Silver body, yellow and black dorsal fin, and yellow tail; two vertical black bars, one on the head through the eye and a black bar across the caudal peduncle. Max length: 6 inches (15 cm). The small, protractile mouth is specifically adapted to crevice feeding. The teeth are long and slender, flattened, and slightly curved at the tips, designed for scraping and nipping at the small invertebrates.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: a tropical western Atlantic species, found in the waters of the Carolinas to northern South America, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Lives in the shallows and as deep as the light restricts coral growth. ( 48-130 feet deep).

DIET IN THE WILD: Coral polyps, polychaete worms, shrimps, amphipods and hydroids. Can be quite acrobatic in its feeding, often swimming upside down to get into crevices where prey might be hiding.

REPRODUCTION: Found in pairs, suggesting monogamy. The larvae of butterflyfishes are unique from all other species of fish. The head is encased in bony armor and large bony plates extend backwards from the head. These larvae, called "tholichthys," grow to about 20mm, after which they settle on the bottom during the night.

PREDATORS: Preyed upon by larger fish, such as moray eels, snappers, and groupers. If it can’t find cover, will defend itself by facing its predator with dorsal spines erected, suggesting a sharply distasteful meal.

CONSERVATION: IUCN: Least concern (LC)

REMARKS: Gets its name from its flitting movements about the reef and its beautiful color pattern that resembles the movements and appearance of the insect.

References

California Academy of Sciences, Steinhart Aquarium, Caribbean Reef

Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1ds

flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/4329888679/in/set-72157...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/3605

Florida Museum of Natural History: www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/ButterflyReef/But...

Taken on February 2, 2010, 9-28-11

2-1-18

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

Color of Life note Sexual Selection

Sexual dichromatism is a form of sexual dimorphism in which males and females differ in color.

The male Gouldian finch is more brightly colors to impress prospective female partners.

California Academy of Sciences Docent Rainforest Training Manual 2015.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Passeriformes (toes, three pointing forward and one back, which facilitates perching).

Family: Estrildidae (weaver-finches)

Genus/species: Erythrura gouldiae

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The upper body (dorsal) is grass-green from the lower nape to the back and wings. The rump is pale blue and the breast is purple. Ventrally the belly is bright yellow, and the bill is whitish, with a red or yellow tip.

The three distinct color variations are individuals having either a red, black or yellow head (all the same species

Young Gouldian Finches are dull ashy grey on the head and hind neck, becoming olive on the back and tail. The underparts are brown white, paler on chin, and have a faint yellow tinge on the belly. The upper bill is blackish and the lower bill is pinkish. white. Adult colors appear after several months.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Predominantly northern Australia tropical savannah woodland with grassy understorey and open wide plains with hollow-bearing Eucalyptus trees.

DIET IN THE WILD: Grass seeds. In addition they feed on a variety of insects including beetles, termites, flies, flying ants, and spiders.

REPRODUCTION: E. gouldiae nest in tree hollows. Males and females incubate the eggs and help to raise the young. Gouldian finches may produce both the adults incubate the eggs and help to raise the young. Gouldian finches may produce four to eight eggs per clutch.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Near Threatened (NT) by habitat modification due to cattle grazing, wildfires and increasing human developments. There are presently estimated to be only 2,500 to 10,000 mature individuals in the wild.

References

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1y1

California Academy of Sciences Color of Life 2017

ARKive www.arkive.org/gouldian-finch/erythrura-gouldiae/

Birdlife International www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=8695

IUCN www.iucnredlist.org/details/biblio/22719744/0

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/1050437/details

7-20-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)

Genus/species: Centropyge loricula

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Typically bright orange-red color; black blotch near the head and 4–5 black bars across the body; flaring caudal fin about half the body height. Orange-red dorsal and anal fins tipped in alternating purple-blue and black bands. Males are brighter and larger than females.

Max. length: 15 cm (6 in).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Found among tropical lagoons and coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Ocean. Depth from 15–60 m (45-180 ft).

DIET IN THE WILD: The Flame Angelfish feeds on algae and marine invertebrates associated with coral reefs.

REPRODUCTION: Like angelfish in general, this species begins life undifferentiated sexually, changing into females, and may develop into males with one or more females in a territorial harem. After a short mating ritual, male and female(s) rise in the water column to shed and fertilize gametes that develop within the plankton.

PREDATORS: C. loricula is preyed upon by many reef fishes.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Least Concern (LC)

REMARKS: Members of the genus Centropyge are the dwarf or pygmy angelfishes. Territorial males may determine dominance by grappling with interlocked jaws, a behavior

humans sometimes mistake for a fishy kiss.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1c8

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/12201890453/in/set-7215...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/7814

EOL eol.org/pages/219464/details

Animal Diversity web animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Centropyge_loricu...

1-28-14, 9-11-12, 1-31-14, 3-24-16

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

Damen Stan 1405

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Scorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes and flatheads)

Family: Sebastidae (Rockfishes, rockcods and thornyheads)

Genus/species: Sebastes pinniger

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Canary Rockfish is bright yellow to orange mottled on a light gray background with 3 orange stripes across head and orange fins. The Lateral line is in a clear area. The pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are moderately pointed and are large.

Length up to 76 cm (2.5 ft)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: They are found from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico.

S. pinniger adults hover in loose groups above rocky bottoms at average depths of 80–200 m (264-660 ft).

DIET IN THE WILD: They feed on small fishes and krill.

REPRODUCTION: Mature at 14 in (36 cm) or 5-6 years old., Fertilization: Internal fertilization, ovoviviparous

LONGEVITY: Up to 75 years

CONSERVATION: IUCN Not Evaluated

Minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years. Various state restrictions on fishing have been put in place over the years, including banning retention of canary rockfish in Washington in 2003. Because this species is slow growing, late to mature, and long-lived, recovery from these threats will take many years, even if the threats are no longer affecting the species.

REMARKS: The Vermillion Rockfish which is similar is more reddish and the lateral one is not in the grey zone.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium California Rocky Reef 2019

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-Dm

PacificCoast Fishes Eschmeyer and Herald 1983 Easton Press page 146

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium California Rocky Reef 2019

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/3989

NOAA FISHERIES 2-3-19 www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/canary-rockfish.html

3-30-19

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Scorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes and flatheads)

Family: Sebastidae (Rockfishes, rockcods and thornyheads)

Genus/species: Sebastes caurinus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Deep, stout body. Color highly variable; dark brown or olive to pink or orange-red above, with patches of pink-copper and occasionally yellow.. Fins primarily copper, often dusky. They are distinguished from other rockfish species by the clear areas along the posterior two thirds of the lateral lines, and in having a whitish underside, usually with two dark bands radiating from eye. Dorsal fin membrane not deeply incised.

Length up to 57 cm (22.44 in). Weight up to 2.6 kg (5.73 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: The Copper Rockfish is found in the Gulf of Alaska to central Baja California among rock-sand bottoms 10–180m (33-600 ft) deep. They are solitary, bottom-dwelling reef fish which frequently live near pinnacles and wrecks. Adults avoid warm water; thus live deeper in southern California than further north.

DIET IN THE WILD: Juveniles consume plankton. Adults are mainly benthic (organisms living on or in sea or lake bottoms) feedering on fishes, crabs, mysid shrimp, prawns, amphipods, octopuses, polychaete worms and fish eggs.

REPRODUCTION: Mature at 4-8 years. Fertilization is internal. via copulation and the transfer of sperm is through a modified urogenital papilla on the male.

The females store sperm in the ovaries for several months until ovulation then fertilizes the eggs. They are viviparous. The larvae mature in shallow water.. Larvae are planktonic maturing in shallow water becoming sexually mature at around five years.

LONGEVITY: Live to at least 55 years.

PREDATORS: Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) and also other large predators.

CONSERVATION: IUCN: No special statu

REMARKS: Rockfish species that live in the California coastal waters, are very important to commercial and sport fisheries. The 60 species of rockfish caught account for 34% by weight of all sportfish landed in California.

Copper Rockfish caught off the coast of British Columbia and California are sold alive at a premium price to Asian fish markets.

References

Ron’s Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-Dx

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 136

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium California Rocky Coast 2017

Probably More Than You Want To Know About The Fishes Of The Pacific Coast, Milton Love 1996 Really Big Press ppg. 152=153

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/3957

Animal Diversity Web (U. of Michigan) animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sebastes_caurinus/

Ron’s flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608359804936/...

12- 9-10, 9-17-12, 4-14-14, 7-17-14, 9-6-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Scorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes and flatheads)

Family: Sebastidae (Rockfishes, rockcods and thornyheads)

Genus/species: Sebastes caurinus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Deep, stout body. Color highly variable; dark brown or olive to pink or orange-red above, with patches of pink-copper and occasionally yellow.. Fins primarily copper, often dusky. They are distinguished from other rockfish species by the clear areas along the posterior two thirds of the lateral lines, and in having a whitish underside, usually with two dark bands radiating from eye. Dorsal fin membrane not deeply incised.

Length up to 57 cm (22.44 in). Weight up to 2.6 kg (5.73 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: The Copper Rockfish is found in the Gulf of Alaska to central Baja California among rock-sand bottoms 10–180m (33-600 ft) deep. They are solitary, bottom-dwelling reef fish which frequently live near pinnacles and wrecks. Adults avoid warm water; thus live deeper in southern California than further north.

DIET IN THE WILD: Juveniles consume plankton. Adults are mainly benthic (organisms living on or in sea or lake bottoms) feedering on fishes, crabs, mysid shrimp, prawns, amphipods, octopuses, polychaete worms and fish eggs.

REPRODUCTION: Mature at 4-8 years. Fertilization is internal. via copulation and the transfer of sperm is through a modified urogenital papilla on the male.

The females store sperm in the ovaries for several months until ovulation then fertilizes the eggs. They are viviparous. The larvae mature in shallow water.. Larvae are planktonic maturing in shallow water becoming sexually mature at around five years.

LONGEVITY: Live to at least 55 years.

PREDATORS: Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) and also other large predators.

CONSERVATION: IUCN: No special status

REMARKS: Rockfish species that live in the California coastal waters, are very important to commercial and sport fisheries. The 60 species of rockfish caught account for 34% by weight of all sportfish landed in California.

Copper Rockfish caught off the coast of British Columbia and California are sold alive at a premium price to Asian fish markets.

References

Ron’s Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-Dx

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 136

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium California Rocky Coast 2017

Probably More Than You Want To Know About The Fishes Of The Pacific Coast, Milton Love 1996 Really Big Press ppg. 152=153

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/3957

Animal Diversity Web (U. of Michigan) animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sebastes_caurinus/

Ron’s flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608359804936/...

12- 9-10, 9-17-12, 4-14-14, 7-17-14, 9-5-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Siluriformes (Catfish)

Family: Callichthyidae (Callichthyid armored catfishes)

Subfamily: Corydoradinae (Cory)

Genus/species: Corydoras sterbai

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The head has light spotted markings over a dark background. As part of the armored catfish group they possess two rows of bony plates running along the flanks instead of scales.

Length up to 6.5cm (2.6 inches).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Central Brazil, Boliva. Fresh water benthic (bottom dwellers) in creeks, pools and flooded forest..

HABITAT: Fresh water bottom dweller.

DIET IN THE WILD: invertebrates, detritus (not algae)

REMARKS: Facultative air breathers, gulping air in oxygen-poor waters absorbing it through its highly vascularized intestine.

They have sharp pectoral fin spines, which can also produce a painful sting.

IUCN: Not Evaluated

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Flooded Amazon 2018

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-18N

Fishbase. www.fishbase.org/summary/Corydoras-sterbai.html

Serious Fish www.seriouslyfish.com/species/corydoras-sterbai/

1-14-11, 10-24-11, 10-22-13, 11-13-14, 3-24-18

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Siganidae (Rabbitfishes and Spinefoots)

Genus/species: Siganus unimaculatus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: A dark chocolate ocular band occurs in an arc from base of 1st dorsal spine to chin with a narrow white blaze on midline of head profile. The thorax is dark chocolate and thee remainder of body is yellow-orange. Same as the Foxface Rabbitfish (S. vulpinus) except for the black spot or ‘blotch” on posterior upper side of body on S. unimaculatus.

Length up to 24 cm (9.5 inches)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands of Japan, the Philippines, to western Australia. Found in coral rich areas of lagoon often among stag horn corals and seaward reefs to depth of 30 m (98 ft)

DIET IN THE WILD: Diurnal herbivore of algae and zooplankton

REPRODUCTION: Spawns during outgoing tides.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Not Evaluated

REMARKS: Rabbitfishes are named for their voracious appetites. They have venomous spines on dorsal and anal fins, as do all in the genus.

Also they are highly esteemed as a food fish

Some researchers believe S. unimaculatus and S. vulpinus are a single species. The color is the same as in except for the blackish spot posteriorly on the upper side of the body.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/13717964414/

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/4630

EOL eol.org/pages/221694/hierarchy_entries/44731451/details

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1fs

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, Tangs, and Unicornfishes)

Genus/species: Paracanthurus hepatus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS : The color of their oval-shaped bodies is sky blue enhanced by reflective pigment cells called iridophores. The tail fin is yellow extending into a "V" shape from the caudal fin to a point just beyond the caudal spine. A black oval extends under dorsal fin to caudal peduncle. Color changes as they mature; juveniles are bright yellow with blue spots near their eyes, and their dorsal and anal fins are tipped in light blue. Their body becomes blue as they mature.

Length up to 31 cm (12 in)

Weigh on average 600 g. (1.3 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indo-Pacific in clear, current-swept terraces of seaward reefs, 2–40 m (6-120ft). They are typically found in loose groups 1–3 m (3-9 ft) above substrate sheltering among the branches of Procillopora corals or in crevices of rocks.

DIET IN THE WILD: Zooplankton.

REPRODUCTION: Oviparous, external fertilization. Open water egg scatterers on substrate. Nonguarders.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Least concern

REMARKS: Paracanthurus hepatic like other surgeonfishes has a razor-sharp caudal spine located at the base of their caudal fin. This spine contains toxins that can cause a debilitating pain to small predators and uncomfortable irritation and pain in humans.

Dory, the co-star of Finding Nemo, with the voice of Ellen DeGeneres’ “spaced-out” fish, is a hepatus tang. Most kids now recognize this fish as Dory.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral reef 2016

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608332652056/

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-Ab

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/222042/details

Animal Diversity Web: animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Paracanthurus_hep...

fishbase: www.fishbase.org/summary/6017

1-7-13, 1-08-14, 2-19-16

Color of Life, Color Conceals.

The Copperband Butterflyfish helps conceals its head by having a vertical line through the eye which matching the 3 other vertical orange bands. A large false spot on its terminal orange band (a less vital portion of its body) confuses predators.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes)

Genus/species: Chelmon rostratus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: All species have a deep, laterally

compressed body with a continuous dorsal fin and distinctive rounded anal fin. Many have a band across the eye and/or a false eyespot, patterns that may lure a predator to attack the tail

rather than the head.

Many reef fish, such as butterflyfish and angelfishes, have evolved bodies which are deep and laterally compressed like a pancake. Their pelvic and pectoral fins are designed differently, so they act together with the flattened body to optimise manoeuvrability.[

The C.rostratus has a whitish body with 4 vertical orange bands and a black false eyespot on the terminal orange band. The snout is long with beak-like mouth.

Length up to 19 cm (7.5 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: They are found in the Andaman Sea to Papua New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Island, south to Northwest Australia and Great Barrier Reef in estuaries and coastal reefs..

Depth1–30 m (3-100 ft)

DIET IN THE WILD: They are believed to feed heavily on tube worms and small crustaceans using their long snout for prying into the crevices of coral.

REPRODUCTION: Butterflyfishes unlike most fishes are usually monogamous, forming pairs and are often seen swimming together. They are broadcast spawners an external method of reproduction where the female releases unfertilized eggs into the water. At the same time, a male release sperm into the water which fertilizes the eggs which contain a drop of nutrient oil to sustain the embryo developing inside the egg case. Oil also provides buoyancy, so the eggs float and drift with the current. Planktonic eggs hatch within a few days becoming the larval stage lasts from several weeks up to 2 months. During the late larval stage the head and body are covered with bony plates which mature into small fry fish.

CONSERVATION: IUCN; Least Concern (LC)

REMARKS: The Copperbanded Butterflyfish is a foodfish marketed locally. and is reported to be “not good” from a culinary standpoint.

References

Ron's Wordpress shortlink: wp.me/p1DZ4b-mS

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine coral reef and Color on the Reef 2017

EOL eol.org/pages/339397/details

fishbase fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5483

Australian Museum australianmuseum.net.au/Beaked-Coralfish-Chelmon-rostratus

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3380844264/in/set-72157...

8-9-12, 1-16-13, 2-17-14, 10-13-15, 4-19-16, 6-29-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetacea

Family: Balaenopteridae

Genus/species: Balaenoptera musculus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Blue whale is the largest animal to have ever lived, (almost as big as a Boeing 737. They are actually grayish-blue, with a mottled effect that is visible in some lights and can allow individuals to be identified. 50 people could stand on the tongue, which alone weighs as much as an elephant. The heart of the blue whale is the size of a small car (Volkswagen Beetle).

Blubber can be up to 51 cm (20 inches) thick. The spout of a blue whale can be 9 m (30 ft) high.

Weigh to 203,210 kg or 200 tons (448,000 pounds), as much

as 40 elephants.

Length to nearly 110 feet (33 m (110 ft)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: B. musculus inhabit the open ocean, where they ares found in every ocean except the Arctic, with a range that extends from the periphery of drift-ice in polar seas to the tropics, although it is absent from some seas such as the Mediterranean, Okhotsk and Bering Sea.

They inhabit the open ocean, where it is found most frequently along the continental shelf edge and near polar ice. It feeds at both the surface and to depths of at least 100 m (300 feet).

DIET: Feeds mainly on shrimp-like krill, which are filtered through the baleen plates. Large volumes of water and food can be taken into the mouth because the pleated grooves in the throat expand. As the mouth closes, water is expelled through the baleen plates, which trap the food on the inside to be swallowed. During the summer months, one blue whale can eat more than 4,082 kg (9,000 lbs) of krill every day (up to 40 million krill a day).

REPRODUCTION: Reaches sexual maturity at 7 to 10 years of age, A calf is produced after 10 to 11 months of gestation which is 7 m (23 ft) long and weighs about 27,215 kg (30 tons or 60,000 pounds) and consumes around 190 liters (50 gallons) of the mother’s fat rich-milk resulting in a daily weight gain of about 90 kg (200 pounds).

Weaning occurs at the summer feeding grounds at about seven months old.

LONGEVITY: to 90 years.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List Endangered (EN).

Prior to whaling, the world-wide population of blue whales may have been around 200,000 individuals No Blue whales have been deliberately caught since 1978. Today, there are an estimated 6000-8000 blue whales surviving worldwide.

California Blue whale numbers are rising, and are possibly close to carrying capacity, according to a new study in Marine Mammal Science. The California Blue whale population is estimated at about 2,200, or 97 percent of the estimated historical level so they are a conservation success story. (Approximately 3,400 California blue whales were caught between 1905 and 1971.)

Primary threats

1. vessel strikes

2. fisheries interactions

Additional threats

1. anthropogenic noise

2. habitat degradation

3. pollution

4. vessel disturbance

5. long-term changes in climate

REMARKS: They can dive 150 m (500 ft) below the surface and remain underwater for 30 minutes.

The Blue whale produces louder calls than any other animal on earth. It appears to have functions in sensing the environment, prey detection and communication with male display.

The California Academy’s Blue whale is an 26.5 m (87-ft) long male that weighed about 80 tons with a 6 m (20-ft) long skull. It was captured for its oil off the coast of Vancouver Island in 1908. It gave 60 barrels of oil and 181 kg (400 lbs) of baleen, the latter used for corsets, buggy whips, and other light-weight yet durable products. The Academy acquired the bones in 1915, and they were buried in the Shakespeare Garden in Golden Gate Park until they were ready for mounting, which was completed in 1917 in an open shed.

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent program Whale information March 2015

West Coast Blue Whales journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone...

California Academy of Sciences www.calacademy.org/explore-science/blue-whale-survival

California Academy of Sciences

www.calacademy.org/explore-science/blue-whale-population-...

IUCN Red List (March, 2011)

www.iucnredlist.org

NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources - Blue whale www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/blue-wha...

ARKive www.arkive.org/blue-whale/balaenoptera-musculus/

Shirihai, H & Jarrett (2006) Whales Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World Princeton University Press.

Evans, P & Weinrich, M (2002) Whales Dolphins and Porpoises D K London New York Munich Melbourne and Delhi.

Reeves, R, R, et al (2002) Guide to Marine Mammals of the World

Chanticleer Press, Inc.

Ron’s Wordpress Shortlink

fishoncomputer.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5843&...

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum:Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Labridae (Wrasses)

Genus/species: Bodianus anthioides

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Brown head and forebody with a long pig-like snout, white rear body with scattered brown spots and a deeply forked tail.

Max length: 24.0 cm (9.5 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Tropical Indian Ocean inhabiting seaward reefs at depths of 20–60 m (65- 200 ft).

DIET IN THE WILD: The Lyretail Hogfish is a benthic (bottom) feeder of invertebrates and small crustaceans.

REPRODUCTION: Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List Least Concern (LC)

REMARKS: Hogfish definition: Any of various wrasses of the genus Bodianus. Also described as possessesing a very elongated snout which it uses to search for crustaceans buried in the sediment. Interestingly it is from this very long “pig-like” snout and its rooting behavior that the hogfish gets its name.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine coral reef 2016

Reef Fish Identification of the Tropical Pacific Allen et al. Odyssey Pub. 2003 p.230

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/albums/7215762599205382...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Bod...

EOL eol.org/pages/216945/details

IUCN www.iucnredlist.org/details/187715/0

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1FE

3-22-16

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Subclass: Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)

Order: Rajiformes (Skates and rays)

Family: Myliobatidae (Cownose and Manta Rays)

Genus/species: Rhinoptera javanica

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: R. javanica is a cartilaginous fish with bat-like, swept back pectoral fins. Double-lobed snout and indented forehead. Long, slender tail. Brown above, white below. The stinger is located at base of the tail rather than half way or more down the tail as in the whiptail rays

Width up to 1.5 m (5 ft), weight up to 45 kg (100 lbs).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Tropical, Indo-West Pacific from South Africa north to India and possibly Thailand, Indonesia and southern China. Also in Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands Inhabitats tropical bays, estuaries, among mangroves, and near coral reefs over sand and mud bottoms. Can tolerate brackish water.

DIET IN THE WILD: Feeds on clams, oysters and crustaceans. The ray sucks in sand and expels it out of its gills, blowing off sand covering its prey.

REPRODUCTION: Mating pair orient in a venter to venter position, and the male inserts one or both claspers. Ovoviviparous, 1–2 pups per litter. Females have been known to leap out of the water and slam into the surface; this action seems to be an aid in birthing.

CONSERVATION STATUS: IUCN listed: Vulnerable. A declining population is inferred from the unregulated nature of inshore fisheries as well as small litter size.

REMARKS: Like its pelagic relatives the manta and devil rays, it swims by flapping its pectoral fins like wings, enabling it to swim at greater speeds than most bottom dwelling stingrays. Sometimes these “wings” protrude above the water, bearing a frightening resemblance to a shark.

References

California Academy of Sciences Reef Lagoon 2016

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-RK

ARKive www.arkive.org/javanese-cownose-ray/rhinoptera-javanica/

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7971

IUCN Red List www.iucnredlist.org/details/60129/0

3-5-13, 2-10-16

Color of Life

P. eques moves very slowly through the water and mimics seaweed, which makes it a master at camouflage.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses)

Family: Syngnathidae (Seahorses, Pipefishes, and Seadragons)

Genus/species: Phycodurus eques

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Color varies from brown tones,to greenish or reddish depending on depth. Their body is scaleless and covered is in hard bony plates with long sharp spines on each bony plate that may be defensive. Leaf-like appendages protrude from the head, body, and tail and transparent dorsal and pectoral fins. Their long, thin pipe-like snout has no jaw.

Maximum length of the leafy seadragon is about 35 cm (14 in).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Endemic to southern Australia.

Found amongst brown algae (kelp) in shallow, temperate water, associated with seagrass beds and rocky reefs.

DIET IN THE WILD: Do not have a jaw, teeth or a stomach. They swallow their prey whole by creating a suction to suck mysid shrimp, zooplankton and fish larvae into their mouths.

REPRODUCTION: Like the seahorse, the male seadragon carries the eggs. He develops about 120 shallow depressions in a spongy section of the ventral surface of his tail. The female deposits her eggs in the depressions.

LONGEVITY: 7-10 yrs.

PREDATORS: Depend on camouflage and sway like plants in the water to hide from predators.

CONSERVATION:IUCN Red List (2006.) Near Threatened. Habitat destruction, pollution, excessive fertilizer runoff, and poaching by humans has lead to a decrease in numbers. They are fully protected with special licenses required to collect or export them.

REMARKS: Unlike its seahorse relative that swims vertically, the seadragon swims horizontally. It is a very slow swimmer, as might be expected from its tiny fins, but is protected not only by its camouflage but by sharp spines that deter predators.

The leafy seadragon has the honor of being the official emblem of Australia.

References

California Academy of Sciences Water planet: Centerpiece Water Dependence 2015

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/11042381084/in/album-72...

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-1C2

fishbase fishbase.org/summary/Phycodurus-eques.html

Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phycodurus_eques/

IUCN Red List www.iucnredlist.org/details/17096/0

Aquarium of the Pacific www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/le...

8-1-14, 11-19-14, 11-3-15

*7-8-17 Not currently on exhibit

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Labridae (Wrasses)

Genus/species: Halichoeres richmondi

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: They have stunning horizontal chain like stripes going down the full length of their bodies. Male Richmond's Wrasses tend to be more blue and green in color while females are more orange. Juvenile Richmond's Wrasses have eye spots on their dorsal fins as well.

Length up to 17 cm (6.7 inches)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Richmond's Wrasse are found in the Western Pacific from Java to the Philippines inhabiting shallow lagoons and coral reefs, up to a depth of at least 20 m (65.5 feet).

REPRODUCTION: Pair during spawning

CONSERVATION: IUCN least concern.

REMARKS: Wrasses are most easily identified by their pointed snouts and prominent canine teeth that protrude in front of the jaw. Other common characteristics include their form of propulsion, which depends mostly on the winglike motion of the pectoral fins with only an occasional burst of speed provided by the caudal fin.

References

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-YM

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Animal Attractions Rich Ross 2017

fishbase www.fishbase.se/summary/Halichoeres-richmondi.html

IUCN www.iucnredlist.org/details/187507/0

EOL eol.org/pages/212051/details

5-20-13, 11-22-13, 1-20-16, 1-26-17

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: Mochokidae (Squeakers or Upsidedown Catfishes)

Genus/species: Synodontis nigriventris

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Ground color is khaki with small reddish to black dots cover the entire surface. The body is scaleless with large eyes, a large adipose fin, a forked tail, and three pairs of barbels. The head is flattened and the sides of the body are slightly compressed.

Length 9-10 cm (3-4 inches)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Central Congo basin of Africa. Found in freshwater streams in schools of hundreds to thousands.

DIET IN THE WILD: Omnivorous scavenger: Feeds mainly at night on insects, crustaceans, filamentous algae, plant debris, and bowels of dead fishes. Grazes algae from undersides of cave ceilings or leaves with its little rasp-like teeth while in the inverted position, a posture also used while gleaning food from the water’s surface. Also locates food on the substrate among debris such as rotting plants.

REPRODUCTION: Egg layers, with the young swimming upside-down after they are approximately 2 months old.

REMARKS: Swimming “upside-down” (ventral toward surface) is normal for adults of this species, which often feed and breathe at the surface. One common name for the family refer to the group’s propensity to make squeaking noises, especially when netted and taken from the water.

CONSERVATION: IUCN least concern 2010.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Water Planet Surviving 2019

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157625017923579/...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-11B

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/9599

ADW animaldiversity.org/accounts/Synodontis/classification/

IUCN

www.iucnredlist.org/species/182250/7842677

7-2-13, 12-8-16, 2-4-19

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, Tangs, and Unicornfishes)

Genus/species: Paracanthurus hepatus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS : The color of their oval-shaped bodies is sky blue enhanced by reflective pigment cells called iridophores. The tail fin is yellow extending into a "V" shape from the caudal fin to a point just beyond the caudal spine. A black oval extends under dorsal fin to caudal peduncle. Color changes as they mature; juveniles are bright yellow with blue spots near their eyes, and their dorsal and anal fins are tipped in light blue. Their body becomes blue as they mature.

Length up to 31 cm (12 in)

Weigh on average 600 g. (1.3 pounds)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indo-Pacific in clear, current-swept terraces of seaward reefs, 2–40 m (6-120ft). They are typically found in loose groups 1–3 m (3-9 ft) above substrate sheltering among the branches of Procillopora corals or in crevices of rocks.

DIET IN THE WILD: Zooplankton.

REPRODUCTION: Oviparous, external fertilization. Open water egg scatterers on substrate. Nonguarders.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Least concern

REMARKS: Paracanthurus hepatic like other surgeonfishes has a razor-sharp caudal spine located at the base of their caudal fin. This spine contains toxins that can cause a debilitating pain to small predators and uncomfortable irritation and pain in humans.

Dory, the co-star of Finding Nemo, with the voice of Ellen DeGeneres’ “spaced-out” fish, is a hepatus tang. Most kids now recognize this fish as Dory.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral reef 2016

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608332652056/

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-Ab

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/222042/details

Animal Diversity Web: animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Paracanthurus_hep...

fishbase: www.fishbase.org/summary/6017

1-7-13, 1-08-14, 2-19-16

Color of Life Note: The dark brownish-green Anaconda demonstrates concealment by laying hidden in the murky waters of the Amazon. It is is more visible at the California Academy of Sciences exhibit where the water is much more transparent.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles, all lizards and snakes)

Family: Boida (Boas)

Genus/species: Eunectes murinus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Can grow to more than 29 feet (8.8 meters), weigh more than 227 kilograms (550 pounds) and measure more than 30 cm (12 in) (30 centimeters) in diameter. Gigantic, heavy-bodied, dark green boa with dark spots. A distinctive stripe runs from the rear edge of the eye, diagonally downwards to the back of the head. The stripe is edged with black and varies in colouration, from greenish to orange. Eyes and nasal openings are on top of their heads, allowing them to lay in wait for prey while remaining nearly completely submerged. The female dwarfs the male and is almost five times heavier.

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT South America: Amazon and Orinoco drainages from Colombia and Venezuela to East Bolivia and Central Brazil. Associated strongly with watercourses, swamps and other freshwater locations.

DIET IN THE WILD Monkeys, deer, peccaries, pacas, agoutis, birds, fish, caiman and turtles. Prey usually killed by constriction; prey suffocates but is not crushed. Usually feed in water. Jaws attached by stretchy ligaments allow them to swallow their prey whole, no matter the size, and they can go weeks or months without food after a big meal. Primarily a lie-in-wait predator.

Academy Diet: Frozen/thawed rabbits (P. Dwight Biologist).

REPRODUCTION Female anacondas retain their eggs and give birth to two to three dozen live young. Baby snakes are about 0.6 meters (2 ft). After mating, the female may eat one or more of her mating partners, as she does not take in food for up to seven months.

MORTALITY/LONGEVITY: Lives to over 29 years.

CONSERVATION: Not threatened.

REMARKS: The anaconda is, pound for pound, the largest snake in the world. The reticulated python, can reach slightly greater lengths, but the enormous girth of the anaconda makes it almost twice as heavy. Can remained submerged for a very long time lying in wait for its next meal.

The California Academy of Sciences specimen is a female. Length/wt 2013: 13 ft 11 inches long and weight 92 lbs.

2008, 3m (10 feet) long and weighed 90 lbs.

Flooded Amazon AM03

References

California Academy of Sciences

U. of Michigan Animal diversity Web animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Eunectes_murinus/

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/794661/overview

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-bt

5-3-13, 10-10-13, 10-21-14, 9-11-15

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetacea

Family: Delphinidae (Killer whales are the largest of the dolphin famiily)

Genus/species: Oricnus orca

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Black on top with white undersides and white patches near their eyes; highly variable gray or white saddle behind the dorsal fins. They have the second heaviest brain among marine mammals (only the Sperm whale which has the heaviest brain of any animal is heavier).

Males: Up to 10 m (32 ft) in length and can weigh up to 10,000 kg (22,000 pounds).

Females; Up to 8.5 m (28 ft) in length and can weigh up to 7,500 kg (16,500 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: The most widely distributed marine mammals. Ten ectotypes are found in all parts of the oceans; most abundant in colder waters, including Antarctica, the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

DIET: They swim in groups, like wolf packs and may reach speed bursts of 55 Kilometers (34 miles) per hour while hunting fish, marine mammals and sharks. Off Shore Orcas' teeth are worn down from eating small sharks (generally dogfish), which have rough skin. See the teeth offshore Orca 0139 above. Orcas depend heavily on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication.

Some Orcas work together to ‘herd’ fish, before stunning the prey with strikes from the tail flukes, or join together in coordinated attacks on large whales.

REPRODUCTION: O. orca reach sexual maturity when they grow to about 4.6 m-5.4 m (15-18 ft) long, There is no distinct calving season. Newborns are up to 2.4 m (8 ft) long and weighing about 180 kg (400 pounds).

They are nursed for at least a year, and may be weaned between 1-2 years old. It is thought that females give birth about every 5 years for an average period of 25 years.

PREDATORS: None. Killer Whales are marine apex predators.

LONGEVITY: 60-80 years.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Redlist: data deficient (DD).

All marine mammals, including killer whales, are protected in the United States. Global population at a minimum of about 50,000 animals.

Threats: Orcas are also sometimes seen as competitors by fishermen and are often shot as a result. In addition, the Orca may occasionally be caught accidentally in trawl and driftnet fisheries and overfishing can reduce its food supply.

Toxin accumulations that settle in their fatty tissue, such as PCBs, PBDEs and brominated fire retardants, are other hazards.

REMARKS: Highly social with matriarchal societies. They rely on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication. They have relatively stable social groups that often range in size from 2 to 15 animals. Groups as large as several hundred individuals are rare.

Our three local Orca ecotypes, the Resident, Transient and Offshore, differ in morphology, ecology, behavior and genetics.

Resident Orca remain in one general area, in small family groups, and prefer salmon as their main prey item. In the U.S. North Pacific.

Transient Orca are found throughout the eastern North Pacific, and have primarily been studied in coastal waters. Their geographic range overlaps that of the resident and offshore killer whales. They often eat marine mammals, and migrating gray whale calves.

Offshores Orca have the largest geographic range of any killer whale community in the northeastern Pacific and often occur 15 km (9 miles) or more offshore. They also are found in coastal waters and occasionally enter protected inshore waters congregating in groups of 20-75 animals with occasional sightings of larger groups up to 200 animals.

SPECIAL NOTE: This Offshore Orca was known to scientists before it died. It was last seen near Vancouver Island in Sept. 2011. This 5.5 m (18 ft) Killer Whale was discovered washed up on a beach Point Reyes, California Nov., 2011. Orca 0139 was collected and examined and was noted to have a broken rib which was the likely cause of death. The ID was was confirmed by photos of his dorsal fin and saddle patch. It has been on display at the California Academy of Sciences since 2013. Alive, he weighed between 1360 kg - 1,800 kg (3000 and 4000 pounds), and was about 5.4 m (18 ft) long. His head alone weighed 91 kg (200 pounds).

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent program Whale information information March 2015

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink fishoncomputer.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5834&...

California Academy of Sciences

theboneman.com/Sanfranciscoorca.html

ARKive www.arkive.org/orca/orcinus-orca/

IUCN Redlist: www.iucnredlist.org/details/15421/0

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/killer-whale....

Shirihai, H & Jarrett (2006) Whales Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World Princeton University Press.

Evans, P & Weinrich, M (2002) Whales Dolphins and Porpoises D K London New York Munich Melbourne and Delhi.

Reeves, R, R, et al (2002) Guide to Marine Mammals of the World

Chanticleer Press, Inc.

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/18016037680/in/album-72...

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetacea

Family: Delphinidae (Killer whales are the largest of the dolphin famiily)

Genus/species: Oricnus orca

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Black on top with white undersides and white patches near their eyes; highly variable gray or white saddle behind the dorsal fins. They have the second heaviest brain among marine mammals (only the Sperm whale which has the heaviest brain of any animal is heavier).

Males: Up to 10 m (32 ft) in length and can weigh up to 10,000 kg (22,000 pounds).

Females; Up to 8.5 m (28 ft) in length and can weigh up to 7,500 kg (16,500 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: The most widely distributed marine mammals. Ten ectotypes are found in all parts of the oceans; most abundant in colder waters, including Antarctica, the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

DIET: They swim in groups, like wolf packs and may reach speed bursts of 55 Kilometers (34 miles) per hour while hunting fish, marine mammals and sharks. Off Shore Orcas' teeth are worn down from eating small sharks (generally dogfish), which have rough skin. See the teeth offshore Orca 0139 above. Orcas depend heavily on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication.

Some Orcas work together to ‘herd’ fish, before stunning the prey with strikes from the tail flukes, or join together in coordinated attacks on large whales.

REPRODUCTION: O. orca reach sexual maturity when they grow to about 4.6 m-5.4 m (15-18 ft) long, There is no distinct calving season. Newborns are up to 2.4 m (8 ft) long and weighing about 180 kg (400 pounds).

They are nursed for at least a year, and may be weaned between 1-2 years old. It is thought that females give birth about every 5 years for an average period of 25 years.

PREDATORS: None. Killer Whales are marine apex predators.

LONGEVITY: 60-80 years.

CONSERVATION: IUCN Redlist: data deficient (DD).

All marine mammals, including killer whales, are protected in the United States. Global population at a minimum of about 50,000 animals.

Threats: Orcas are also sometimes seen as competitors by fishermen and are often shot as a result. In addition, the Orca may occasionally be caught accidentally in trawl and driftnet fisheries and overfishing can reduce its food supply.

Toxin accumulations that settle in their fatty tissue, such as PCBs, PBDEs and brominated fire retardants, are other hazards.

REMARKS: Highly social with matriarchal societies. They rely on underwater sound for orientation, feeding, and communication. They have relatively stable social groups that often range in size from 2 to 15 animals. Groups as large as several hundred individuals are rare.

Our three local Orca ecotypes, the Resident, Transient and Offshore, differ in morphology, ecology, behavior and genetics.

Resident Orca remain in one general area, in small family groups, and prefer salmon as their main prey item. In the U.S. North Pacific.

Transient Orca are found throughout the eastern North Pacific, and have primarily been studied in coastal waters. Their geographic range overlaps that of the resident and offshore killer whales. They often eat marine mammals, and migrating gray whale calves.

Offshores Orca have the largest geographic range of any killer whale community in the northeastern Pacific and often occur 15 km (9 miles) or more offshore. They also are found in coastal waters and occasionally enter protected inshore waters congregating in groups of 20-75 animals with occasional sightings of larger groups up to 200 animals.

SPECIAL NOTE: This Offshore Orca was known to scientists before it died. It was last seen near Vancouver Island in Sept. 2011. This 5.5 m (18 ft) Killer Whale was discovered washed up on a beach Point Reyes, California Nov., 2011. Orca 0139 was collected and examined and was noted to have a broken rib which was the likely cause of death. The ID was was confirmed by photos of his dorsal fin and saddle patch. It has been on display at the California Academy of Sciences since 2013. Alive, he weighed between 1360 kg - 1,800 kg (3000 and 4000 pounds), and was about 5.4 m (18 ft) long. His head alone weighed 91 kg (200 pounds).

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent program Whale information information March 2015

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink fishoncomputer.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5834&...

California Academy of Sciences

theboneman.com/Sanfranciscoorca.html

ARKive www.arkive.org/orca/orcinus-orca/

IUCN Redlist: www.iucnredlist.org/details/15421/0

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/killer-whale....

Shirihai, H & Jarrett (2006) Whales Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World Princeton University Press.

Evans, P & Weinrich, M (2002) Whales Dolphins and Porpoises D K London New York Munich Melbourne and Delhi.

Reeves, R, R, et al (2002) Guide to Marine Mammals of the World

Chanticleer Press, Inc.

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/18016037680/in/album-72...

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes)

Genus/species: Chelmon rostratus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: All species have a deep, laterally

compressed body with a continuous dorsal fin and distinctive rounded anal fin. Many have a band across the eye and/or a false eyespot, patterns that may lure a predator to attack the tail

rather than the head.

The C. rostratus has a whitish body with 4 vertical orange bands and a black false eyespot on the terminal orange band. The snout is long with beak-like mouth.

Length up to 19 cm (7.5 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: They are found in the Andaman Sea to Papua New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Island, south to Northwest Australia and Great Barrier Reef in estuaries and coastal reefs..

Depth 1–30 m (3-100 ft)

DIET IN THE WILD: They are believed to feed heavily on tube worms and small crustaceans using their long snout for prying into the crevices of coral.

REPRODUCTION: Butterflyfishes unlike most fishes are usually monogamous, forming pairs and are often seen swimming together. They are broadcast spawners an external method of reproduction where the female releases unfertilized eggs into the water. At the same time, a male release sperm into the water which fertilizes the eggs which contain a drop of nutrient oil to sustain the embryo developing inside the egg case. Oil also provides buoyancy, so the eggs float and drift with the current. Planktonic eggs hatch within a few days becoming the larval stage lasts from several weeks up to 2 months. During the late larval stage the head and body are covered with bony plates which mature into small fry fish.

CONSERVATION: IUCN; Least Concern (LC)

REMARKS: The Copperbanded Butterflyfish is a foodfish marketed locally. and is reported to be “not good” from a culinary standpoint.

Color of Life, Color Conceals. The Copperband Butterflyfish helps conceals its head by having a vertical line through the eye which matching the 3 other vertical orange bands. A large false spot on its terminal orange band (a less vital portion of its body) confuses predators.

References

Ron's Wordpress shortlink: wp.me/p1DZ4b-mS

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine coral reef and Hidden Reef 2018

EOL eol.org/pages/339397/details

fishbase fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5483

Australian Museum australianmuseum.net.au/Beaked-Coralfish-Chelmon-rostratus

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3380844264/in/set-72157...

8-9-12, 1-16-13, 2-17-14, 10-13-15, 4-19-16, 6-29-17

TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405

IMO: - N/A

MMSI: 235082804

Call Sign: MWBM9

AIS Vessel Type: Dredger

GENERAL

DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705

Avelingen-West 20

4202 MS Gorinchem

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11

info@damen.com

DELIVERY DATE August 2001

BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations

FLAG United Kingdom [GB]

OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission

CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch

DIMENSIONS

LENGTH 14.40 m

BEAM 4.73 m

DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m

DRAUGHT AFT 171 m

DISPLACEMENT 48 ton

TANK CAPACITIES

Fuel oil 6.9 m³

PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)

BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton

SPEED 9.8 knots

PROPULSION SYSTEM

MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A

TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm

GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1

PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller

KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings

ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt

STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr

BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility

COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system

ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms

FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V

DECK LAY-OUT

ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)

CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2

ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated

TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL

COUPLING WINCH

PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm

ACCOMMODATION

The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and

panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor

covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one

helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a

kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.

NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V

VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W

NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights

Teignmouth Harbour Commission

The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.

The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924

as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Superclass: Osteichthyes

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Gymnotiformes (Knifefishes)

Family: Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes)

Genus/species: Electrophorus electricus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: This eels (knifefishes) body is elongated and cylindrical, almost without scales; head flattened; mouth large with one row of conical teeth on each jaw; presence of three abdominal pairs of electric organs. The color is dark with anterior ventral part yellowish. They have a very long anal fin.

Length up to 2.5 m (8 feet). Weight up to 20 kg (44 pounds).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Tropical. Amazon Basin: Orinoco, and related areas in northern South America. The Electric Eel is found in lowland backwaters and muddy river bottoms, never fast-flowing waters. During daylight, retreats to recessed hiding places shared with conspecifics.

DIET IN THE WILD: E. electricus juveniles eat invertebrates such as shrimp; adults prey on fish and small mammals.

MORTALITY/LONGEVITY: Life span: in captivity males to 15 years, females to 20+.

REPRODUCTION: E. electricus males construct foam nests and guard the growing larvae. First-born larvae prey on other eggs and embryos coming from late spawning batches. In mid-January when the first seasonal rains flood the breeding area, causing the about 10 cm long young eels to disperse.

REMARKS:

NOT A TRUE EEL. True eels lack pectoral and pelvic fins. Unlike “true” eels in the Order Anguilliformes, they are obligate air breathers, taking up to 80% of their oxygen directly from the air, an adaptation for survival in poorly oxygenated water. The long undulating anal fin allows the electric eel to move backwards or forwards

Though not an aggressive fish, it can produce enough voltage to severely injure humans. If an electric eel fires a series of charges, each successive charge is less powerful. Aquarists stimulate several discharges before attempting to handle the animal safely. These eels also have two other, much smaller sets of electric organs, used for orientation and finding prey,

They are active nocturnally.

The long undulating anal fin allows the electric eel to move backwards or forwards. About half the musculature has been converted into electric organs which produce up to 650 V. These eels use their electricity to stun the fish they prey upon, as well as for defense.

As the eel (knifefish) matures it develops cataracts leading to blindness relying only on its electrical senses. (Similar to the elephant fish with poor vision)

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List; Least Concern.

Flooded Amazon

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Flooded Amazon 2018

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-bh

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/3787082075/in/set-72157...

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/4535

Encyclopedia of life eol.org/pages/206595/details

5-3-13, 10-29-14, 2-1-18, 3-6-18

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Order: Perciformes (Perch-likes)

Family: Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets)

Subfamily: Anthiinae (Anthias)

Genus/species: Pseudanthias squamipinnis

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Color purplish with a yellow spot on the body scales and a large purplish blotch on the pectoral fin. Marked sexual dimorphism; Males have a elongated 3rd ray of the dorsal fin and elongated margins of the tail. Females are orange/gold color with violet streak below the eye.

Length up to 5”

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Natal, South Africa to Niue, north to Japan, south to Australia. Found above coral outcrops or patch reefs of clear lagoons, channels, or outer reef slopes. Depth range 0 - 55 m (170 feet).

DIET IN THE WILD: Zooplankton

REPRODUCTION: A protogynous hermaphrodite. All start life as females. The dominant female fish will turn into a male, changing sex, color and pattern. The male keeps a harem of several females.

CONSERVATION: Not evaluated

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Philippine Coral Reef 2016

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608545590153/...

Ron's Wordpress Shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-YX

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/6568

Australian Museum australianmuseum.net.au/orange-basslet-pseudanthias-squam...

Encyclopedia Of Life eol.org/pages/204729/details

5-23-13

TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Dendrobatidae

Genus/species: Oophaga (formerly Dendrobates) pumilio

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Despite the common name, coloration is reportedly highly variable among locations with up to 30 color morphs . Individuals may be ripe-strawberry red, brilliant blue, deep green or brown. The limbs are marbled dark blue and black. Body is slim, snout is rounded, the eyes large. The long, slender forelimbs end in finger and toe tips expanded into adhesive discs. Length to 2.5 cm (1 inch).

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Primarily terrestrial in tropical rain forest leaf litter and decaying vegetation.

DIET IN THE WILD: Hunts diurnally, primarily upon ants and oribatid mites.

PREDATION: Night ground snakes are immune to the toxins of Oophaga pumilio. Tadpoles are often consumed because their poison glands are underdeveloped. They are in danger of an aggressive fungus - Chytrid Fungus - that is killing off frog populations around the globe.

REPRODUCTION: The male protects and keeps their eggs moist until they hatch. Then the female carries the tadpoles to a water filled bromeliad where the young feed on unfertilized eggs (oophagy).

CONSERVATION: IUCN Red List: Least Concern (LC)

population numbers are currently high despite illegal capture for the pet trade and habitat loss.

REMARKS: Alkaloids in the skin glands of poison frogs serve as a chemical defense against predation, and most come from the oribatid mites. In captivity, with a non-native food source, they lose their toxicity.

Indigenous hunters heat this frog over a fire to extract the toxin exuded from the frog’s skin glands and use the poison to tip their hunting darts.

Color of Life

References

California Academy of Sciences Docent Rainforest Training Manual 2014

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-LZ

Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Oophaga_pumilio/

IUCN Red List www.iucnredlist.org/details/55196/0

Encyclopedia of Life eol.org/pages/330984/details

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608456457315/...

6-8-17

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Suborder:Labroidei

Family: Embiotocidae (surfperches)

Genus/species: Embiotoca jacksoni

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Their body is deep and compressed. Their colors are various shades of brown, red, green above, yellowish below, darker bars on sides with a blue bar on base of anal fin. Note a mustache-like black bar on upper lip. .

Length up to 39 cm (15 in)

DISTRIBUTION/HABITAT: Black Surfperch are found from Fort Bragg, California to Punta Abreojos, Baja California, Mexico nearshore reefs and kelp forests. They are also found over sand, and in estuaries near algae.

Usually within 1 m (3 ft) of the substrate.

DIET IN THE WILD: E. jacksoni feed on worms, crustaceans and mollusks. They are also cleaner fish of conspecifics as well as other species.

REPRODUCTION: Summer is the peak breeding season. Fertilization is internal. Viviparous; young embryos are nourished internally and are quite large as newborns.

PREDATORS: Leopard sharks

CONSERVATION: Not evaluated

REMARKS: The species name jacksoni, is after A.C. Jackson, who, in the 19th century, first noted that surfperches gave birth to live young. Fertilization is also internal as it is in Rockfishes.

References

California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium California Coastal Marine 2019

Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/4716007223/in/set-72157...

Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-C7

eol eol.org/pages/207197/details

fishbase www.fishbase.org/summary/3628

Taken on June 16, 2010, 2-6-13, 8-5-14, 4-10-19