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Early on Sunday morning, the cold was biting, well below zero. Bradgate Park was already busy with visitors, and in places the ground had turned white, dressed in a true winter coat. Trusting the BBC weather forecast that promised a bright, sunny day, I set off towards the park.
Almost immediately, I encountered a young male Fallow Deer (buck – Dama dama). As soon as he noticed the crowd, he stopped and, almost knowingly, posed for a few seconds. What caught my attention straight away were his antlers. The left antler showed the typical broad, palmate shape of a Fallow Deer, while the right one looked strikingly different—more like the pointed tips of a young male Red Deer.
Most likely, this unusual shape resulted from a deformation or break during the growth phase of the antler. I found it fascinating; perhaps the experienced park rangers would have more insight into the history behind this individual’s antlers.
With winter clearly arriving, migrant birds have started to appear. After recent sightings of Stonechat, Goldcrests have now begun to show themselves. I am sharing two Goldcrest photographs from this walk. Unfortunately, I experienced a technical issue with my Z8, so I am confident that on my next visit I will be able to present sharper and more varied poses of this tiny bird.
As always, my photo walks would not be complete without the Robin (European Robin / Redbreast), which once again stepped onto the path in front of me, as if keeping me company.
I am sharing a total of seven photographs and hope you enjoy them.
Wishing you all a beautiful week ahead.
Goldcrest in the UK – Short English Note
Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) is both a resident and a winter visitor in the UK. While many individuals breed locally, significant numbers arrive from northern and eastern Europe during autumn and winter, boosting the UK population. These winter migrants are often seen in woodland edges, conifers, and parks, especially after cold spells on the continent.
I've captured some unforgettable moments with my camera, and I hope you feel the same joy viewing these images as I did while shooting them.
Thank you so much for visiting my gallery, whether you leave a comment, add it to your favorites, or simply take a moment to look around. Your support means a lot to me, and I wish you good luck and beautiful light in all your endeavors.
© All rights belong to R.Ertuğ. Please refrain from using these images without my express written permission. If you are interested in purchasing or using them, feel free to contact me via Flickr mail.
Lens - With Nikon TC 14E II - hand held or Monopod and definitely SPORT VR on. Aperture is f8 and full length. All my images have been converted from RAW to JPEG.
I started using Nikon Cross-Body Strap or Monopod on long walks. Here is my Carbon Monopod details : Gitzo GM2542 Series 2 4S Carbon Monopod - Really Right Stuff MH-01 Monopod Head with Standard Lever - Really Right Stuff LCF-11 Replacement Foot for Nikon AF-S 500mm /5.6E PF Lense -
Your comments and criticism are always appreciated.
Thanks for stopping by and taking the time to explore! 😊
Mildred, my Chilean Rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea), has been pretty much ignored while I was caring for the young finches. Thanks to Mary Moore, reminding me that the next Blink Again challenge is "Creepy Crawlies", Mildred is finally making her Flickr debut.
This species of tarantula is terrestrial and easy to care for. The species originates at the edge of the Atacama desert in Chile, and as such doesn't require the high humidity and constant temperature of other tarantulas. She needs to be fed every couple of weeks and really does like company, now that she has habituated to her new enclosure, Needless to say, I'm her only friend in the family.
This is her left side. I wasn't having any luck with her staying still, as I tried to shoot her face on. Although they have poor eyesight, she knew I (or something) was in front of her and kept coming over to investigate.
© 2012 Maureen Sullivan
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Activists for birds and wildlife
This 2014 Medical Division bus seen here at the New York Police Department: Highway Patrol Unit #3 in Queens. Unit #7086 is parked here with several other large vehicles with the NYPD. I am guessing this is the only area that can fit these vehicles when they are not required to be on call.
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Clovercritters are A line of smaller, interactive companions.
They can be worn, rezzed, renamed, made to wander around, interact with interactable items when wandering (Beds, food bowls etc), and emote (while wandering or on interactable items).
Each critter is exclusive, this means you can only get one kind, they will not be sold elsewhere, which is a unique color, or variation.
Come down to Clover and collect as many as you want!
New variations will be released regularly, as well as interactive items!
When wandering this creature will wander, in a flat specified radius, not avoiding obstacles, It will go up to avatar, interact with interactive items, emote, and walk around.
When worn, this creature can be attached anywhere you want, moved around, and you can click it to set a different animation.
At the mainstore now!
It was pushing 30 degrees, the bridge was melting underfoot and not a cloud in the sky, but class 73's 74141 and 73109 were all ready to go with the snow and ice treatment train, if needed. Tonbridge West yard, 16 June 2021.
A construction worker in downtown Dunedin, Florida.
Day 341 of my 365 project for 2015.
Week 49 of my weekly project for 2015.
© Hand Photography - All rights reserved. Please do not use my images without my explicit permission
60031 requiring some cleaning attention, approaches Stirling with a Dundee bound service.
The better of two poor cameras was reserved for colour !
It requires a reasonable effort to get up to the Bishop Hill ridge but, clearly, plenty of people have done that and it's easy to see why.
Requiring an early morning peak finish giving it a chance to return to Hunslet for inspection, First Leeds ADL Enviro 400 MMC YX66 WKD ( 33481 ) works a Middleton Circus - New Briggate short working on the 12's along Hunslet Road. Later in the morning it returned to the Wharfedale route.
Another long-winded description to follow. Please feel free to just drop to the comment box if you want.
First, about the eagles. They pretty clearly have chosen nest #2 again this year. That's too bad. It is in a tree on an island in the middle of the Cedar River; too far tor good photos from nearest approachable point.
It doesn't appear that any eggs have been laid yet, based on the fact that in my three visits so far, including today, neither eagle was on the nest, or even in the same tree. Both were present, but both flew off, leaving the nest untended.
This photo is a long shot. Certainly at the very outer extreme for any of my previous gear. I know that at some point the eagles will fly much closer and lower, and I'm looking forward to that. Also, will soon have the excellent 1.4x, so should get some nice close-ups this season.
Now to a quick review of the new Canon 7D MkII. The evaluation mostly hinges on my unfamiliarity with it, and little time for practice and testing.
The camera takes wonderful photos...and the 400mm 5.6 prime lens is very sharp indeed. Sharpest long glass I've ever used, and surprisingly nicely-priced.
You probably know that I rely heavily on constantly adjusting the EV settings, and taking advantage of ISO numbers to deal with changing conditions, or when I point the camera in different directions. I have two observations about these settings on the new camera. First...exposure compensation. The settings are different. EV = - 2/3, and / or EV +1.0, or I imagine any other settings, do not give the same results on the different cameras.
That's not a value judgment (pun intended). Not saying either one is better than the other; only that using the same setting gives different results. I haven't had enough time outside in good weather to seriously test the Canon, so I'm using conservative settings.
My other observation -- again no surprise -- is that I'm finding it much more challenging to change either of these 'on the fly' on the new camera. I'll get the hang of it soon enough, or perhaps there are better ways of doing them than I've so far discovered.
On final very minor mixed review. The Canon allows a photo to be examined in quite a bit larger size in the monitor than on the Nikon. That's good. On the Canon, though, it takes actions by both hands to do it. In fact, so far I'm finding that several features seem to require both hands on the Canon, where Nikons only need one hand. BUT...since many of the buttons on the Canon can be re-defined, it is likely that I'll be able to customize this camera to suit my idiosyncratic shooting technique.
All of that said, I'm loving the sharpness, and the 'closeness' I'm able to achieve. This distant eagle photo gives some idea of what I mean.
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Clovercritters are A line of smaller, interactive companions.
They can be worn, rezzed, renamed, made to wander around, interact with interactable items when wandering (Beds, food bowls etc), and emote (while wandering or on interactable items).
Each critter is exclusive, this means you can only get one kind, they will not be sold elsewhere, which is a unique color, or variation.
Come down to Clover and collect as many as you want!
New variations will be released regularly, as well as interactive items!
When wandering this creature will wander, in a flat specified radius, not avoiding obstacles, It will go up to avatar, interact with interactive items, emote, and walk around.
When worn, this creature can be attached anywhere you want, moved around, and you can click it to set a different animation.
At the mainstore now!
The last five months (May-September 2023) required me to move a lot for a variety of professional and personal reasons. It was the first time in several years that I entered airplanes without carrying my DSLR camera. This resulted in me tinkering and thinking with my mobile phone camera, surpassing my snobbish attitude towards it as means of photographic expression. Visiting an old favourite antique store of mine, I was exposed to wallet-sized black and white pictures, very fashionable in the 1920s-1960s. Phenomenologically, I thought, these little pictures carried significance similar to the one carried by the myriads of photos nowadays stored on mobile phones. I tried to combine the sensory experience of black and white with the ease of mobile phone shooting, itself resembling certain types of pinhole cameras. Themes are the same as in my earlier photography: decayed and rusty patterns of disintegration, emptiness of spaces, outlier figures of the everyday, street signs and letters, nonhuman friends, naturecultures, and psychopolitically haunted scenes. Places include: Canada (Toronto), Greece (Athens, Thessaloniki, Aghia, Larissa, Eleftheroupoli, Kavala), Scotland (Edinburgh), France (Paris), Belgium (Brussels).
March Point. Padilla Bay/Fidalgo Bay.
"The Washington population of the Black Oystercatcher is estimated to be roughly 400 birds. This number is probably not significantly different from the historical population, as these birds require fairly specialized habitat, which is not evenly distributed. Oystercatchers are highly vulnerable to human disturbance, oil spills, and pollution of the intertidal zone. Numbers of Black Oystercatchers on the outer coast may be higher than in the past, in part due to decreased human disturbance resulting from lighthouse automation. Numbers in inland areas, however, have declined in response to increased human activity. The Northern Pacific Coast Regional Shorebird Management Plan has identified the Black Oystercatcher as a regional species of high concern."
"The Black Oystercatcher is restricted in its range, never straying far from shores, in particular favoring rocky shorelines. It has been suggested that this bird is seen mostly on coastal stretches which have some quieter embayments, such as jetty protected areas. It forages in the intertidal zone, feeding on marine invertebrates, particularly molluscs such as mussels, limpets and chitons. It will also take crabs, isopods and barnacles. It hunts through the intertidal area, searching for food visually, often so close to the water's edge it has to fly up to avoid crashing surf. It uses its strong bill to dislodge food and pry shells open."
'RFA Fort Rosalie' laid up at West float dock, Birkenhead. Commissioned in 1978, she is no longer required by the Royal Navy and has been laid up here for several years along with sister 'Fort Austin'. Both vessels have now been sold to the Egyptian navy and will likely receive dry docking at Cammell Laird before their voyage.
Keep Meeting This Guy Every Year And He Still Enjoys A Peanut Butter Sandwich !
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All My Photographic Images Are Subject To Copyright ! Each Of My Photographs Remain My Intellectual Property ! All Rights Are Reserved And As Such, Do Not Use, Modify, Copy, Edit, Distribute Or Publish Any Of My Photographs ! If You Wish To Use Any Of My Photographs For Any Reproductive Purposes, Or Other Uses, My Written Permission Is Specifically Required, Contact Me Via Flickr Mail !
Spy on me - I don't know how the hours passed in the olive groves this morning. Chasing the Caucasian squirrel requires patience, They don't really go down to the ground unless they need to be fed. Even if I see them on the tree trunk, they disappear very quickly by jumping from tree to tree. They're incredibly quick and like flying acrobats. North Aegean region - Türkiye is full of olive groves and this opportunity also determines their living spaces. They are nesting in the trunks of centuries-old olive trees.
Here is this curious lovely male individual; It has made a home for itself in the hollow of a century-old olive tree with a diameter of 50 cm. The female was not in the nest during the period I watched for over 2 hours. My sudden encounter with a curious and young individual male Caucasian squirrel definitely made my day.
Today I tried to capture different close-up poses without using TC 1.4. It was indeed a different experience for me. The teleconverter sometimes causes loss of clarity and lack of light even though I use a monopod. I think even bokeh is affected.
I hope you'll enjoy the my Caucasian Squirrel series as much as I enjoyed taking them.
The Caucasian squirrel lives in the hollows of centuries-old olive trees. The number of Caucasian squirrels in the North Aegean region is decreasing every year, noticeably.
Like most red squirrels, spotting a Caucasian Squirrel is definitely becoming a rare sight. Climate change affects nature differently in every corner of the world.
The Caucasian squirrel - Sciurus anomalus ; The Caucasian squirrel or Persian squirrel, is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus found in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in south-western Asia.
The species is usually said to have first been described in 1778 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in the 13th edition of Systema Naturae,and named Sciurus anomalus. However, some authors argue that this work was actually published in 1788, and that the true first description was made by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1785.
Description -
Caucasian squirrels are small tree squirrels, with a total length of 32 to 36 cm (13 to 14 in), including the 13 to 18 cm (5.1 to 7.1 in) tail, and weighing 250 to 410 g (8.8 to 14.5 oz). The color of the upper body fur ranges from greyish brown to pale grey, depending on the subspecies, while that of the underparts is rusty brown to yellowish, and that of the tail, yellow brown to deep red. The claws are relatively short, compared with those of other tree squirrels, and females have either eight or ten teats.
Samuel Griswold Goodrich described the Caucasian squirrel in 1885 as "Its color is grayish-brown above, and yellowish-brown below".
Physical Description -
Caucasian squirrels have a dental formula of incisors 1/1, canines 0/0, premolars 1/1, and molars 3/3, totaling 20. They have four fingered fore feet and five fingered hind feet. Sex differences in body length or mass are not evident.
Distribution and habitat -
Caucasian squirrels are native to south-western Asia, where they are found from Turkey, and the islands of Gökçeada and Lesbos in the west, Iran in the southeast, and as far as Israel and Jordan in the south.It is one of only two species of the genus Sciurus to be found on Mediterranean islands,and, although Eurasian red squirrels have been recently introduced to some areas, is the only species of Sciurus native to the wider region.
The species mainly lives in forested areas dominated by oak, pine, and pistachio, up to altitudes of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).
Biology and behavior -
The squirrels are diurnal, and solitary, although temporary groups may forage where food is plentiful. Their diet includes nuts, seeds, tree shoots, and buds,with the seeds of oak and pine being particularly favored. Like many other squirrels, they cache their food within tree cavities or loose soil, with some larders containing up to 6 kg (13 lb) of seeds. They live in trees, where they make their dens, but frequently forage on the ground, and are considered less arboreal than Eurasian red squirrels. They commonly nest in tree hollows lined with moss and leaves, and located 5 to 14 m (16 to 46 ft) above the ground, but nests are also sometimes found under rocks or tree roots. Their alarm call is high-pitched, and said to resemble the call of the European green woodpecker, and they mark their territories with urine and dung.
Breeding occurs throughout the year, but is more common in spring or autumn. Litters range from two to seven, with three or four being typical, and the young are fully mature by five or six months of age.
Conservation -
A survey in 2008 found that the species remained abundant within Turkey, however declines are noted in population within the Levant region. The guides for a survey in 1993 in Israel stated that they considered the species to be nearly extinct within the area studied. Whilst the Caucasian squirrel is threatened by poaching and deforestation, the declines recorded are not sufficient to qualify them as anything other than "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[1] Hunting of the species is banned by the Central Hunting Commission, and the Caucasian squirrel is protected by the Bern Convention and the EU Habitats Directive.
This information is sourced from "Wikipedia".
Thank you so much for visiting my stream, whether you comments , favorites or just have a look.
I appreciate it very much, wishing the best of luck and good light.
© All rights reserved R.Ertug Please do not use this image without my explicit written permission. Contact me by Flickr mail if you want to buy or use Your comments and critiques are very well appreciated.
Lens - hand held or Monopod and definitely SPORT VR on. Aperture is f5.6 and full length. All my images have been converted from RAW to JPEG.
I started using Nikon Cross-Body Strap or Monopod on long walks. Here is my Carbon Monopod details : Gitzo GM2542 Series 2 4S Carbon Monopod - Really Right Stuff MH-01 Monopod Head with Standard Lever - Really Right Stuff LCF-11 Replacement Foot for Nikon AF-S 500mm /5.6E PF Lense -
Thanks for stopping and looking :)
Need a new perspective?Sometimes, seeing clearly requires looking at things with a fresh set of eyes. When you’re able to peer through the dust, that’s when you can reveal even more stars. ✨
Download full-resolution images of the Carina Nebula, as seen by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and by Webb!
👉 Hubble: bit.ly/3OnC7id
👉 Webb: bit.ly/3OrP22G
Want posters and zoomable versions of Webb's first images? Find them here: bit.ly/3v9F2UQ
Image description:
Image of a portion of the Carina Nebula, vertically divided in half between Hubble's view on the left and Webb's view on the right. A "Hubble" label in small white text is to the right edge of the Hubble view, while a "Webb" label in the same font is to the right edge of the Webb view. Both the Hubble and Webb views feature a a blue “sky” dotted with stars and an orange-brown “mountain range” below it. Starting with the Hubble view, the blue portion is a more faded color and mixed with shades of green. Some pink points of starlight, each with 4 diffraction spikes, poke through the blue. The orange-brown portion is dusty, and the few stars that can be seen are only tiny dots of pinkish red. The mountainous area also features a prominent knob sticking out on the left side. In the Webb view, we see that Webb’s blue portion is much more rich, dark and vivid in color. Compared to Hubble, a multitude of stars in shades of light orange and blue are visible, including two giant six-pointed stars on the very right. The orange-brown portion is also dotted with stars galore, each with a set of 6 diffraction spikes. This is because Webb's infrared vision is able to cut through the curtain of dust, revealing many more stars in the landscape.
Found this moth sleeping under the car early this morning, so of course I thought it was an easy target for a photo or 2.
And yes, it was sleeping because I gave it a slight poke with my finger and it fluttered around a bit :P
11 image focus stack using Zerene.
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Clovercritters are A line of smaller, interactive companions. They can be worn, rezzed, renamed, made to wander around, interact with interactable items when wandering (Beds, food bowls etc), and emote (while wandering or on interactable items).
Each critter is exclusive, this means you can only get one kind, they will not be sold elsewhere, which is a unique color, or variation.
Come down to Clover and collect as many as you want!
New variations will be released regularly, as well as interactive
items!
When wandering this creature will wander, in a flat specified radius, not avoiding obstacles, It will go up to avatar, interact with interactive items, emote, and walk around.
When worn, this creature can be attached anywhere you want, moved around, and you can click it to set a different animation.
At the mainstore now!
This prompt definitely required some thought! As I started to think about it, I decided to tell the story of Chet's ROTC uniforms. He was so excited about each new one he earned for various events. This high school group has really shaped his future.
I used the Project Life app for this one and it was super easy!
Technically this is two light houses, the black tower is not on the white building, it is behind it. The circular building was built with a lighthouse on top, Wyatt's Tower in 1843 by Trinity House. The problem with Dungeness is that it is still growing, shingle is deposited by the tides so the lighthouse is slowly going further in land. By 1904 a new higher tower was required and a new Lighthouse built. When the powerstation was built, this lighthouse was replaced by a new automatic light in 1964.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wet plate process)
This deteriorated dry plate portrait of Theodore Roosevelt is similar to a wet plate image but has substantial differences.
The collodion process is an early photographic process.
Contents
1 Description
2 History
2.1 21st century
3 Advantages
4 Disadvantages
5 Use
6 Search for a dry collodion process
7 Collodion emulsion
8 Collodion emulsion preparation example
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Description
Collodion process, mostly synonymous with the "collodion wet plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but can also be used in humid ("preserved") or dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The latter made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was therefore mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where minutes-long exposure times were tolerable.[citation needed]
History
The collodion process is said to have been invented in 1851, almost simultaneously, by Frederick Scott Archer and Gustave Le Gray. During the subsequent decades, many photographers and experimenters refined or varied the process. By the end of the 1850s it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype.
During the 1880s the collodion process, was largely replaced by gelatin dry plates—glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin. The dry gelatin emulsion was not only more convenient, but it could also be made much more sensitive, greatly reducing exposure times.
One collodion process, the tintype, was in limited use for casual portraiture by some itinerant and amusement park photographers as late as the 1930s, and the wet plate collodion process was still in use in the printing industry in the 1960s for line and tone work (mostly printed material involving black type against a white background) since it was much cheaper than gelatin film in large volumes.[citation needed]
21st century
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The wet plate collodion process has undergone a revival as a historical technique over the past few decades. There are several practising ambrotypists and tintypists who regularly set up and make images at Civil War re-enactments. Fine art photographers use the process and its handcrafted individuality for gallery showings and personal work. There are several makers of reproduction equipment. The process is taught in workshops around the world and several workbooks and manuals are in print. Many artists work with collodion around the globe, including traveling photographer Craig Murphy, Kurt Grüng, Sally Mann, and Ben Cauchi. Other artists to note are Luther Gurlach, James Walker[disambiguation needed], Stephen Burkeman, Sam Davis, Quinn Jacobson and Ken Merfeld. There are many more as well that have contributed to bringing this process forward to a modern age.
Advantages
A portable photography studio in 19th century Ireland. The wet collodion process sometimes gave rise to portable darkrooms, as photographic images needed to be developed while the plate was still wet.
The collodion process produced a negative image on a transparent support (glass). This was an improvement over the calotype process, invented by William Henry Fox Talbot, which relied on paper negatives, and the daguerreotype, which produced a one-of-a-kind positive image and could not be replicated. The collodion process, thus combined desirable qualities of the calotype process (enabling the photographer to make a theoretically unlimited number of prints from a single negative) and the daguerreotype (creating a sharpness and clarity that could not be achieved with paper negatives). Collodion printing was typically done on albumen paper.
The collodion process had other advantages, especially in comparison with the daguerreotype. It was a relatively inexpensive process. The polishing equipment and fuming equipment needed for the daguerreotype could be dispensed with entirely. The support for the images was glass, which was far less expensive than silver-plated copper, and was more durable than paper negatives. It was also fast for the time, requiring only seconds for exposure.
Disadvantages
The wet collodion process had a major disadvantage. The entire process, from coating to developing, had to be done before the plate dried. This gave the photographer no more than 10 minutes to complete everything. This made it inconvenient for field use, as it required a portable darkroom. The plate dripped silver nitrate solution, causing stains and troublesome build-ups in the camera and plate holders.[citation needed]
The silver nitrate bath was also a source of problems. It gradually became saturated with alcohol, ether, iodide and bromide salts, dust, and various organic matter. It would lose effectiveness, causing plates to mysteriously fail to produce an image.[citation needed]
As with all preceding photographic processes, the wet-collodion process was sensitive only to blue light. Warm colours appear dark, cool colours uniformly light. A sky with clouds is impossible to render, as the spectrum of white clouds contains about as much blue as the sky. Lemons and tomatoes appear a shiny black, and a blue and white tablecloth appears plain white. Victorian sitters who in collodion photographs look as if they are in mourning might have been wearing bright yellow or pink.[1]
Use
"A Veteran with his Wife", taken by an anonymous photographer, shows a British veteran of the Napoleonic era Peninsular Wars. It is a hand-tinted ambrotype using the set collodion positive process, made circa 1860.
Despite its disadvantages, wet plate collodion became enormously popular. It was used for portraiture, landscape work, architectural photography and art photography.[citation needed] The world's largest wet process collodion glass plate negatives known to survive, measuring 53 inches (1.35 m) x 37 inches (0.94 m), are held at the State Library of New South Wales.[2][3][4]
The wet plate process is used by a number of artists and experimenters who prefer its aesthetic qualities to those of the more modern gelatin silver process.[citation needed] World Wet Plate Day is staged annually in May for contemporary practitioners.[5]
Search for a dry collodion process
The extreme inconvenience of exposing wet collodion in the field led to many attempts to develop a dry collodion process, which could be exposed and developed some time after coating. A large number of methods were tried, though none was ever found to be truly practical and consistent in operation. Well-known scientists such as Joseph Sidebotham, Richard Kennett, Major Russell and Frederick Charles Luther Wratten attempted, but never met with good results.[citation needed]
Typically, methods involved coating or mixing the collodion with a substance that prevented it from drying quickly. As long as the collodion remained at least partially wet, it retained some of its sensitivity. Common processes involved chemicals such as glycerin, magnesium nitrate, tannic acid and albumen. Others involved more unlikely substances, such as tea, coffee, honey, beer and seemingly unending combinations thereof.[citation needed]
Many methods worked to an extent; they allowed the plate to be exposed hours, or even days, after coating. They all possessed the chief disadvantage, that they rendered the plate extremely slow. An image could require anywhere from three to ten times more exposure on a dry plate than on a wet plate.[citation needed]
Collodion emulsion
In 1864 W. B. Bolton and B. J. Sayce published an idea for a process that would revolutionize photography. They suggested that sensitive silver salts be formed in a liquid collodion, rather than being precipitated, in-situ, on the surface of a plate. A light-sensitive plate could then be prepared by simply flowing this emulsion across the surface of a glass plate; no silver nitrate bath was required.
This idea was soon brought to fruition. First, a printing emulsion was developed using silver chloride. These emulsions were slow, and could not be developed, so they were mostly used for positive printing. Shortly later, silver iodide and silver bromide emulsions were produced. These proved to be significantly faster, and the image could be brought out by development.
The emulsions also had the advantage that they could be washed. In the wet collodion process, silver nitrate reacted with a halide salt; potassium iodide, for example. This resulted in a double replacement reaction. The silver and iodine ions in solution reacted, forming silver iodide on the collodion film. However, at the same time, potassium nitrate also formed, from the potassium ions in the iodide and the nitrate ions in the silver. This salt could not be removed in the wet process. However, with the emulsion process, it could be washed out after creation of the emulsion.
The speed of the emulsion process was unremarkable. It was not as fast as the ordinary wet process, but was not nearly as slow as the dry plate processes. Its chief advantage was that each plate behaved the same way. Inconsistencies in the ordinary process were rare.
Collodion emulsion preparation example
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Below is an example of the preparation of a collodion emulsion, from the late 19th century. The language has been adapted to be more modern, and the units of measure have been converted to metric.
4.9 grams of pyroxylin are dissolved in 81.3 ml of alcohol, 148 ml of ether.
13 grams of zinc bromide are dissolved in 29.6 ml of alcohol. Four or five drops of nitric acid are added. This is added to half the collodion made above.
21.4 grams of silver nitrate are dissolved in 7.4 ml of water. 29.6 ml of alcohol are added. This is then poured into the other half of the collodion; the brominized collodion dropped in, slowly, while stirring.
The result is an emulsion of silver bromide. It is left to ripen for 10 to 20 hours, until it attains a creamy consistency. It may then be used or washed, as outlined below.
To wash, the emulsion is poured into a dish and the solvents are evaporated until the collodion becomes gelatinous. It is then washed with water, followed by a washing in alcohol. After washing, it is redissolved in a mixture of ether and alcohol and is then ready for use.
Emulsions created in this manner could be used wet, but they were often coated on the plate and preserved in similar ways to the dry process.
Collodion emulsion plates were developed in an alkaline developer, not unlike those in common use today. An example formula follows.
Part A: Pyrogallic acid 96 g Alcohol 1 oz.
Part B: Potassium bromide 12 g Distilled Water 30 ml
Part C: Ammonium carbonate 80 g Water 30 ml
When needed for use, mix 0.37 ml of A, 2.72 ml of B and 10.9 ml of C. Flow this over the plate until developed. If a dry plate is used, first wash the preservative off in running water.[citation needed]
Most of my projects require research, planning. They sometimes take years to shoot. This one sort of just happened. I finished printing it a few weeks ago. It is simply named Blue.
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HELP REQUIRED - My “summer holiday” in 1978 was a First Class Eastern Region Railrover and I had stocked up with 35mm transparency film for the week ahead. Or so I thought because when it came to processing the week’s photography I realised that one roll of film was in fact a colour print film!!! An additional problem is I seem to have lost any records that went with this roll of film and therefore here we see an unidentified class 47 at Ipswich with an express for Liverpool Street, 30th May 1978.
Any ideas on the identity of this class 47 gratefully received.
The general consensus is this is 47172 and it is a “local” Class 47 having become a Stratford engine again a few days prior to this photograph.
Locomotive History
47172 was originally D1767 and was built by Brush at the Falcon Works, Loughborough, entering traffic during October 1964, allocated to Tinsley. Its stay at Tinsley was short as it was transferred to Stratford (February 1965) returning to Tinsley four months later. This was followed by spells at York, Finsbury Park, Gateshead, Stratford and Immingham. In the autumn of 1980 it was fitted with electric train heating equipment and emerged from Crewe Works in November 1983 as 47583. In March 1996 it was fitted with remote control equipment for use with parcel trains with driving trailers (PCV’s) and renumbered 47734. It was withdrawn in March 2004 and broken up during May 2008 by EMR, Kingsbury.
Praktica LTL
Having seen that the multi axle Commutabus mockup was not what the bus industry required, Leyland went back to the drawing board. In 1968, Leyland commenced work on a new £1.6 million development project known as Project FPB7 (forward project bus 7) to design a rear-engined single-deck Integral citybus with right or left-hand drive to be offered in three overall lengths of 10, 11 and 12-metres for the home market and overseas markets. The new bus would be built using the same methods used in the car industry which would require a new advanced factory to be built. A highly skilled team was selected for the project including experience from Leyland's car division of Rover and Triumph this was before the shot gun marriage which seen Leyland Motor Corporation merge with British Motor Holdings in May 1968 to form British Leyland Motor Corporation.
Two important people were involved in the Project FPB7, first Joe McGowan who was the Engineering Director and leader of the project. The second important person was Dr Albert Fogg who joined Leyland Motor Corporation in 1965 and was the Corporate Director responsible for Engineering. At the 1988 Earl's Court Motor Show Leyland announced the 8.2-litre fixed head turbocharged six cylinder 500 series diesel engine available as a vertical or horizontal engine, it was this engine in horizontal form known as the 510 which was chosen to be used in FPB7 because of its compact dimensions.
By late 1968, possibly early 1969, Leyland had built a 2-door 11-metre wooden FPB7 mockup which apart from minor details is how the Leyland National would look. It was July 1969 when the National Bus Company would go into partnership with the British Leyland Truck & Bus Division to form the Leyland National Company Ltd responsible for the design and manufacturing of the Leyland National bus. At this stage the project became B7 with seven prototype buses built in secrecy at Leyland during 1969/70 numbered B701-B707.
In September 1969, it was announced that Marcus Smith was appointed as Director and General Manager of the Leyland National Company Ltd. At the same time it was announced that the Leyland National would be built at new state of the art bus assembly factory to be built on a greenfield site at Lillyhall near Workington on the Cumberland coast.
This official Leyland publicity photograph shows the project FPB7 mockup which had advanced almost to the final form in terms of the side view. The front windscreen with nearly square corners and lower panel treatment was different, and arguably more modern than the final design chosen. The Rover stylist David Bache was responsible for the exterior styling complete with recessed roof cove panels for exterior advertising. I can only guess that many modifications were made to the mockup. Finally the Italian stylist Michelotti was involved in the final styling of the Leyland National which was also applied to the mockup.
Photograph credit: British Leyland Truck & Bus Division/Basil Hancock
This is my final post of 2020, I would like to thank all the people who have viewed my posts, added them as their favourite and left comments. I will continue in 2021 posting interesting and unseen Leyland publicity photographs telling the story of bus and coach models from Leyland's back catalogue going back over 50 years. The Leyland National is a story close to my heart because I live in Workington and have friends who worked at the Leyland National factory.
Bibliography:-
Books: Leyland Bus Mk2 Doug Jack, Beyond Reality, Leyland Bus The Twilight Years Doug Jack
HELP REQUIRED
A Class 47 reverses its train of fuel tankers into the fuel depot at Bromsgrove, 31st August 1983. Almost everything in this shot no longer exists with the station gone and replaced by a new four platform station a couple of hundred yards to the south and the fuel depot site now the new station car park.
Any suggestions for the identity of the Class 47 gratefully received.
Canon AT1, Kodachrome 64
This negative scan required more Photoshop scratch removal and repair than an aging movie star has plastic surgeries. It's still not perfect, but a LOT better than before.
Some Flickr notes have been added for your convenience.
REQUIRED MOD: steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1581704822
The trailer skin is for the 4.62m SDC trailer only!
DOWNLOAD: sharemods.com/emty23klfjb0/macleod_skinpack.zip.html
Have fun!
Credits: Mohegan13, TheNuvolari
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