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Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 9.48° clockwise from up.
An apparently disk-shaped, clumpy galaxy with a bit of star formation going on. The hook at one end is interesting.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 10.80° clockwise from up.
Seen here in incredible detail, thanks to the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, is the starburst galaxy formally known as PLCK G045.1+61.1. The galaxy, which appears as multiple reddish dots near the center of the image, is being gravitationally lensed by a cluster of closer galaxies, also seen in the image.
Gravitational lensing occurs when a large distribution of matter, such as a galaxy cluster, sits between Earth and a distant light source. As space is warped by massive objects, the light from the distant object bends as it travels to us, creating stretched, magnified and sometimes multiple images of the lensed object. This effect was first predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
From 2009 to 2013, the European Space Agency’s Planck space observatory captured multiple all-sky surveys. In the course of these surveys, with complementary observations by the Herschel Space Observatory, Planck discovered some of the brightest gravitationally lensed, high-redshift galaxies in the night sky.
It was during the study of these Planck-Herschel selected sources using Hubble that the optical starlight emitted from this ultra-bright galaxy was found.
For more information: www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2020/hubble-makes-a-br...
Text credit: ESA (European Space Agency)
Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, B. Frye
In 2012, astronomers used the Hubble Space Telescope to revisit the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, peering even deeper than before at the near-infrared light of the cosmos. Astronomers use infrared light to study the distant universe because the expansion of space stretches wavelengths of light toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, a phenomenon called "redshift."
The result was the Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2012. The observations uncovered a previously unseen population of seven primitive galaxies that formed more than 13 billion years ago, when the universe was less than 3 percent of its present age, or about 450 million years after the Big Bang.
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2012 was followed by the Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014, which added ultraviolet light observations to obtain a more comprehensive view of this area in the constellation Fornax.
For an image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014, visit: hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2014/27/3380-Image.html
Credit: NASA, ESA, R. Ellis (Caltech), and the UDF 2012 Team
For more information about this image, visit: hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2012/news-2012-48.h...
19-4-2021 Messier 63 or M63, also known as NGC 5055 or the seldom-used Sunflower Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici with approximately 400 billion stars.
Distance to Earth: 27 million light years
Distance: 29.3 Mly (8.99 Mpc)
Apparent size (V): 12′.6 × 7′.2
Group or cluster: M51 Group
Redshift: 484 km/s
Constellation: Canes Venatici
39 light frames 32 dark frames 180sec's iso800.
Nikon D750-Nikon600mm Fl f4 prime & Nikon 2x teleconverter on SWNEQ6-R-Pro mount PHD2 guide- deepsky stacker - Photoshop, bortle 4.
Stellar streams looping around a disturbed spiral galaxy with a bit of dust and star formation evident. A widefield view shows barred spiral galaxy NGC 7682 just to the east. NGC 7682 seems relatively undisturbed by comparison, so one wonders if the two have anything to do with one another.
Check the color widefield view from Legacy Survey here: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=352.1989&dec=3.5200&la...
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 50.87° counter-clockwise from up.
A golden egg floats above its pedestal. Here an assumed spiral galaxy has been strangely transformed in a way that makes it difficult to recognize. Its nucleus is now off center—way off center—and its arms are disorganized, forming a kind of irregular ring. The golden egg is an elliptical galaxy which is the major participant in this process.
Turned 90° clockwise I think the composition looks remarkably like a phoenix with its egg.
Some color data is available from the PanSTARRS survey: ps1images.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/ps1cutouts?pos=Apg+141&fi...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 2.49° counter-clockwise from up.
This view reminds me somewhat of a smaller Coma Cluster, with smooth galaxies of varying shape and size gathered together. Most eye-catching is the large, irregularly shaped galaxy with features shaped by tidal forces and dust lanes crossing it at multiple angles.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 23.06° clockwise from up.
NGC 2146 is a disrupted barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Camelopardalis. It was discovered in 1876 by German astronomer Friedrich Winnecke, who was known for his work on comets, asteroids, and double stars. The galaxy is classified as SB(s)ab pec, indicating a barred spiral galaxy with tightly wound arms, and no ring around the central bulge. The "pec" descriptor refers to the "peculiar" appearance of the spiral arms, one of which is markedly stretched and inclined to the galactic plane by nearly 45*. Very high star formation rate (SFR) and densities within both spiral arms resembling large stellar trails suggest the galaxy recently merged with one or two substantial dwarf satellites, and is presently reforming into a larger object. Some sources suggest that NGC 2146 may have interacted with a nearby small galaxy, NGC 2146a, however that seems unlikely because the small galaxy's spiral structure appears quite well preserved. Aside from its disrupted aspect and starburst activity, NGC 2146 is also distinctive due to its conspicuous dust lanes extending across the background glow of the galactic core. Spectroscopy of the central region reveals widening of spectral lines. This indicates a high velocity dispersion of the stars in the nucleus due to the presence of a central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Absence of an active galactic nucleus means thet the central SMBH is not presently accreting matter.
Assuming its measured redshift of 0.00298 is caused exclusively by the expansion of space (Hubble Flow), NGC 2146 would lie at a distance of 41.3 Mly. However, the median value of 16 redshift-independent distance measurements is 17.40 Mpc, or 56.72 Mly. The two distance estimates differ because the measured redshift actually results from the combined motion due to Hubble Flow and the object's "peculiar velocity" through space. When available in a statistically valid number of measurements, redshift-independent estimates are generally regarded as more accurate for nearby galaxies, closer than approximately 140 Mly. From the apparent magnitude and angular size, accepting the distance of 56.72 Mly, we can derive the galaxy's actual diameter of 97,000 ly and absolute magnitude of -20.64. NGC 2146 is some 20-30% smaller, and about 15% less bright than the Milky Way.
Chandra CXC HIPS X-ray sky survey (SIMBAD) shows numerous X-ray sources within the NGC 2146 core, in the spiral arms, and in its halo. While it is possible that some of the sources may be local to the Milky Way, clustering of the sources around NGC 2146 suggests that most are of extragalactic origin.
The most common mechanism for X-ray emission in astronomical objects involves very hot ionized gases at temperatures of millions to hundreds of millions Kelvin (K). Stellar coronas, especially in young blue giants, emit X-rays, though they are regarded as relatively weak sources. Stronger emissions come from "X-ray binaries", "cataclysmic variable stars", supernova remnants, and hot gas clouds around stellar nurseries. Still stronger localized X-ray emissions are "ultra-luminous X-ray sources" or ULX. These are produced by actively accreting intermediate mass black holes (IMBH), usually identified in galactic disks, and by central supermassive black holes (SMBH) which define "active galactic nuclei" (AGN). By far the most powerful, but very diffuse, sources of X-rays are galaxy clusters.
While it is logical to expect numerous X-ray emissions in an actively merging starburst galaxy with accelerated stellar evolution, NGC 2146 has no identified ultra-luminous X-ray sources and no active galactic nucleus. This does not imply the galaxy contains no intermediate or supermassive black holes, but merely that they are not actively accreting.
On closer inspection, the attached image records a number of small, faint background galaxies, but only two of these have identifiers associated with measurable data. Based on a subjective estimate of their angular size and apparent brightness, the rest probably lie at approximate distances between 1 and 2 Bly. The image also records a single quasar (QSO) at a light travel distance (lookback time) of 9.2 Bly.
The distinctly blue galaxy Gaia DR3 1140883127890416128 may belong to a class of special objects: "Blue Compact Dwarf" galaxies (BCDs), which are field dwarf galaxies with inexplicably high star formation rates. BCDs are rare local versions of the "Faint Blue Galaxies" (FBGs), the most common galaxy type at redshifts between 0.1 and 2, but which are undetectable with small instruments. I estimate the apparent magnitude of this object around 20.5 and angular size at 0.15 arcmin. Unfortunately, no redshift information or color photometry is available in extragalactic databases, and the suspected nature of this galaxy can not be confirmed. For additional details on BCDs and FBGs please see section 32, Dwarf Galaxies, subsections 6 and 7 here:
www.cloudynights.com/articles/cat/articles/basic-extragal...
Image Details:
Remote Takahashi TOA 150x1105 mm
OSC 31x300 sec, 2x drizzle, 40% linear crop, 26x17'
Software:
DSS, XnView, StarNet++ v2, StarTools v1.8
Extragalactic Cosmological Calculator v2
www.cloudynights.com/gallery/image/123530-extragalactic-c...
I'm a bit bothered by the cropping on this one, but otherwise it is a nice pair of interacting galaxies and some tidal tails.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 128.30° clockwise from up.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 21.51° counter-clockwise from up.
Fabulous pair of interacting galaxies. Wish I had color data.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 1.37° counter-clockwise from up.
Arp 297 is a group of four interacting galaxies.
NGC 5754 is the large spiral and NGC 5752 is the smaller galaxy to the upper right. NGC 5754's internal structure has hardly been disturbed by the interaction while NGC5752 exhibits a long tidal tail. NGC5755 is the galaxy located to the left and NGC 5753 is in the 10 oclock position from NGC5755. Arp 297 is located in the constellation Boötes some 200 million light-years away. Detailed information can be found at arijmaki.wordpress.com/2011/11/09/ngc-5754-galaxy-with-hi...
Image Taken: 3 -5 June 14
Imaging scope: AT8RC CCDT67 1200mm
Imaging camera: Trius SX-694
Lights: Lum: 30 x 600 sec bin 1x1
Calibration: Flats, Bias
Guide scope: OAG Lodestar
Other details: Captured with SGP, guided with PHD, stacked in DSS processed in Photoshop
Stephan's Quintet in the constellation Pegasus is a visual grouping of five galaxies of which four form the first compact galaxy group ever discovered. The brightest member of the visual grouping is NGC7320. These galaxies are of interest because of their violent collisions. Four of the five galaxies in Stephan's Quintet form a physical association -,Hickson Compact Group 92.
NGC 7320 (to the lower left of the group) indicates a small redshift (790 km/s) while the other four exhibit large redshifts (near 6600 km/s). Since galactic redshift is proportional to distance, NGC 7320 is only a foreground projection and is ~39 million ly from Earth versus the 210-340 million ly of the other five. (Text source Wikipedia)
Planewave 17” Corrected Dall-Kirkham Astrograph f/4.5, FLI-PL6303E CCD – Remotely imaged T21 Mayhill New Mexico
35 mins Luminance, 5mins R, G & B Image Cropped
A soft and smooth disk of a galaxy with some arms that are both well-defined and impossible to circumscribe as they blend into one another. One thin lane of dust is visible in front of the nucleus about a third of the distance from the center point to the edge, while another thin lane is just discernible close to the brightest part of the nucleus.
There is another galaxy off to the left which is much smaller and can be partially seen at the edge of the composition. The larger galaxy hardly seems perturbed at all by the smaller one, while the smaller one seems to pulled and stretched thin at its periphery.
A color image comprised of SDSS data can be seen here:
legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=130.6761&dec=14.2769&z...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 13.51° clockwise from up.
Tidal interaction between two galaxies. There seems to be a mini overlapper in the lower right corner. A nice, widefield color view is available at the Legacy Surveys Viewer: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=20.8636&dec=30.7820&zo...
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 21.04° counter-clockwise from up.
Just uploading a grayscale version of this so I can keep all the observations from this proposition organized better. The color version is here: flic.kr/p/2eGbVt7
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 45.34° counter-clockwise from up.
A delightful and unusual merger of galaxies, resulting in the comet-like appearance of one galaxy. Only a small amount of dust is visible, but many small dots which I presume are globular clusters are sprinkled within the pair. Edit: Upon looking at the color data, the clusters may be younger clusters, not necessarily globulars. It's bluer than I expected, which would indicate that star formation has been going on.
A color and widefield view is available in SDSS data at the Legacy Survey viewer: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=73.3523&dec=-4.7932&zo...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 12.84° clockwise from up.
M88 is a active spiral galaxy (Seyfert type 2)
M91 (left) is a barred spiral galaxy . Both are located 50-60 Mio light-years.
Many more distant galaxies are visible in this FOV , I checked only one near the bottom left IC3523 , redshift is 0.0739 or a distance of 1.02 Bio lightyears.
The image was recorded in 12 hours in August 2024 at my remote observatory in Hakos-Namibia with a SW Esprit 120ED , ZWO ASI2600MC camera on a 10 Micron 2000HPS mount
A spiral galaxy formed into a ring alongside its interacting elliptical partner. The ring may go on to become something like the Cartwheel Galaxy or Hoag's Object, or perhaps the structure is more transient than that. The Universe uses its boundless tracts of spacetime to keep its secrets from us.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 4.01° clockwise from up.
A color view from the Legacy Survey viewer is here: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=172.7533&dec=20.4686&z...
There's PANSTARRS data, too ps1images.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/ps1cutouts?pos=Apg+197&fi...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 9.18° counter-clockwise from up.
The incredibly distant galaxy GS-z13-1, observed just 330 million years after the Big Bang, was initially discovered with deep imaging from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. Now, an international team of astronomers has definitively identified powerful hydrogen emission from this galaxy at an unexpectedly early period in the Universe’s history, a probable sign that we are seeing some of the first hot stars from the dawn of the Universe.
This image shows the galaxy GS-z13-1 (the red dot at centre), imaged with Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) programme. These data from NIRCam allowed researchers to identify GS-z13-1 as an incredibly distant galaxy, and to put an estimate on its redshift value. Webb’s unique infrared sensitivity is necessary to observe galaxies at this extreme distance, whose light has been redshifted into infrared wavelengths during its long journey across the cosmos.
To confirm the galaxy’s redshift, the team turned to Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument. With new observations permitting advanced spectroscopy of the galaxy’s emitted light, the team not only confirmed GS-z13-1’s redshift of 13.0, they also revealed the strong presence of a type of ultraviolet radiation called Lyman-α emission. This is a telltale sign of the presence of newly forming stars, or a possible active galactic nucleus in the galaxy, but at a much earlier time than astronomers had thought possible. The result holds great implications for our understanding of the Universe.
[Image description: A small, zoomed-in area of deep space. Numerous galaxies in various shapes are visible, most of them small, but two are quite large and glow brightly. In the very centre is a small red dot, an extremely faraway galaxy. Two lines of light enter the left side: these are diffraction spikes, visual artefacts, caused by a nearby bright star just out of view.]
Credits: ESA/Webb, NASA, STScI, CSA, JADES Collaboration, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Phill Cargile (CfA), J. Witstok, P. Jakobsen, A. Pagan (STScI), M. Zamani (ESA/Webb; CC BY 4.0
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 33.11° counter-clockwise from up.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 13.12° clockwise from up.
A neat, compact group of galaxies. The big one at the center steals the show with its large amount of dust and star formation. Somewhat unfortunately, the little one on the right didn't quite fit onto the detector. Not much can be done about it without more Hubble time.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 51.96° clockwise from up.
The 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show
Friday, May 6 · 7:00pm - 9:00pm - Boston
Created By - Mobius, Inc., Alison Safford, James Ellis Coleman
Program Order and Erratae Mobius Wearable Art 1) Inflatable Metamophosis artist: Charlie Roberts model: Liz Roncka MC talk-introduce the show 2) Liv Chaffee Students -The John Marshall School in Dorchester, MA Deandre Dewhollis, Kyshuari Santana-Everet Jose Pene Rayuana Martin-Milton Xavier Barrietos 3) Marie Ghitman – Two Group Skirts Models: Luke Burrows, Neige Christensen, Sage Dowser, Lisa Hiserodt, Sam Lanier, Jean Martin, Madelyn Medeiros, Jane Messere, Jason Picard, Q, Madelaine Ripley, and Artist 4) Jennifer Hicks - steam punk 5) Amy Keefer (SF) you all know me 6) Katie Pray-zip tease CSW 7) Becky Savitt 8) Ellla Williams- broken Record 9) Ella williams-garbage bag dress 10) Emily D’Angelo – 100% Recyclable 11) Grace Lynn Wilson – Fairy 12) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Pagan Sunset 13) Kaela Cote-Stemmermann - Stamp coat, model: Caroline Hickey 14) Mikaela Dalton – Mikaela Dalton – The Devil’s Tune 15) Mikaela Dalton – Untitled (cassette top), Model: Sarah Smith 16) Mikaela Joyce – Bell Jar Dress, Model: Sarah Hertel-Fernandez 17) Mikaela Joyce – Safety Pin Top 18) SeungHye Kim –The Pad Dress 19) Sonya Thorne – Apocalyptic Pieces 1-3, Model: self, Lilia Gaufberg, Zoe Cohen 20) Tess McCabe – Redshift, Model: Molly Harrison 21) William Everston (Representing Seeking Kali) -Sari Scroll for Two, Model: Artist, Karen Everston 22a) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Rebecca Chabot 22b) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: 22c) Ashley Conchieri – hand Woven and Hand Sewn, Model: Monika Plioplyte 23) Julia Dusman – “Tarantula” Necklace 24) Ellen Shea - Little Red Re-Design, Model: Rebecca Woodbury 25) LeeLoo – Fallen post-apocalyptic cyber angel 26) L. Mylott Manning – Insides Out 28) Alyssa Fishenden - Plastic bag and stretch nylon halter dress 29) Robyn Giragosian and Caleb Cole – Pom Prom 30) Rachel Jayson – Dress of sheet music 31) Bethany Haeseler – Fruitloops 32) June Monteiro – “SMARTIE Dress”, Model: Chantal Lima Marquis 33) Jennifer Sherr Designs – Collage and hand painted leather vest, Model: Jess Barnett 34) Stacy A. Scibelli –Sabotage, Models: Meg Kuker, Toni Scibelli 35a) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: A. Dorian Rose 35b) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Liz Roncka 35c) Selina Narov – Silk painted art couture clothing - Model: Jennifer Hicks 37) Albert Negredo – RECORDS (word game text) Red dress/Silver bag fabricated by Jane Wang - Model: sara june 38) Stacy A. Scibelli – plated skirt with leather head-piece (Models: tbd) 39) Stephanie Skier – Ephemeral dynamic fiberoptic fiber arts 40) the Bureau of cyberSurreal investigation international webCam Bra for Living I/O Model: Carol Susi 41) Elly Jessop – Glow Dress 42) Raphaela Riepl –Tentacles Flying Teeth, Models: Kira Lorenza Althaler as William Haugh, Florian Maria Sumerauer as Aaron Diskin Finale- 43) Word Game Design Competition Winner: June Monteiro - Model: northern sire
ONLINE BLOG for 2011 Mobius Wearable Art Runway Show: mobius-wearableart2011.blogspot.com/
@ Mobius
725 Harrison Avenue, Suite One
Boston MA 02118
Related Exhibition: A Tool Is A Mirror
One of the more normal spiral galaxies that made it into the catalog. Looks like some past interaction just finishing up. This one happens to be overlapping a background galaxy, which might possibly (conjecture on my part) have been mistaken for part of the foreground galaxy at the time it was cataloged.
Taking a look at the catalog itself, this is noted as "RING w. I/A COMP'NS" (ring with interacting companions) and this would appear to be two mistakes: that this is a ring galaxy, and that the background galaxy is a nearby companion. I will note, however, it does look a bit like a ring in the imagery they saw (edit: actually this seems to be imagery from NED, not necessarily the original plate), and that would logically put the backgrounder as a companion based on other assumptions about ring galaxies. Uh, astronomy is based on a lot of assumptions, sometimes.
Found a color image in the DES DR1 data.
legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=80.6775&dec=-39.0634&z...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 55.93° counter-clockwise from up.
This is some wonderful narrowband imagery of NGC 4449 captured by Hubble back in 2005. When I first found this, I thought for sure it had already been processed somewhere along the line but all I could find was a wideband mosaic, which is here if you want to check it out. Rob Gendler did his own take as well, more strongly emphasizing the narrowband but still utilizing the wideband. The wideband imagery is nice but wow, is there a lot of amazing emission structure revealed with the narrowband data isolated. There are simple, smallish spheres, larger complex clouds, and down the center, streaming outwards like a ruptured fissure, is some massive work being done by the prodigious number of young stars radiating fiercely along the seam.
Red here represents areas of H-alpha and [N II] while slightly bluer areas show where [O III] emissions are also present. Mediumband green data (F550M) was also available and I used this to bring the stars to slightly more natural, whiter colors. Rather than maximizing differentiation between emissions, this time I applied more "realistic" colors. There's so much overlapping that it hardly matters, anyhow.
Two HST Proposals are associated with these data:
NGC 4449: a Testbed for Starbursts in the Low- and High-Redshift Universe
Calibrating Star Formation: The Link between Feedback and Galaxy Evolution
Red: HST_10522_01_ACS_WFC_F660N_sci + HST_10585_03_ACS_WFC_F658N_sci
Green: HST_10585_03_ACS_WFC_F658N_sci + HST_10522_01_ACS_WFC_F550M_sci
Blue: HST_10522_01_ACS_WFC_F502N_sci1
North is NOT up. It is 47.5° counter-clockwise from up.
A large tail extending from two otherwise unperturbed-looking spirals. To the left of this group is a third member apparently involved in the interaction as indicated by the much less obvious stream extending in that direction.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 68.30° clockwise from up.
Possibly the most jumbled galaxy I've ever seen.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 31.21° clockwise from up.
An irregular dwarf galaxy for today. It's kind of faint, and a bit difficult to brighten sufficiently above the noise floor, but now that I've done it I see a bit of star formation going on. I don't know why I just don't expect to see star formation in these galaxies, but it's almost always happening.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 12.44° counter-clockwise from up.
A fortuitous observation of two smooth colliding galaxies which happen to host a type Ia supernova that erupted at least 5 days prior. SN 2019fkq can be seen as a bright pinpoint nestled between the cores of the two bright galaxies. Also visible in the left galaxy is a disk of dust encircling the nucleus, and numerous globular clusters are scattered about.
With the supernova measured at a redshift of .045, that puts these two galaxies at about 612 million light years away, and around 230000 light years across at the widest point. Two Milky Ways could fit across them.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 29.71° counter-clockwise from up.
Not sure there is any interaction going on, here. Looks a bit like a smooth elliptical or lenticular galaxy viewed face-on in front of a barred spiral galaxy. That doesn't mean they can't be in some early stage of interaction. I just don't see any signs of tidal tails or obvious irregularity, especially from the bottom galaxy. Whatever the case, it creates a beautiful scene.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 13.79° counter-clockwise from up.
NGC 4535 (UGC 7727), Virgo, The Lost Galaxy of Copeland
NGC 4535 is a large galaxy in the constellation of Virgo, first documented by W. Herschel in 1785. It is classified as SAB(s)c, indicating intermediate morphology between barred and unbarred spirals, no ring, and loosely wound spiral arms. L.S. Copeland named it "The Lost Galaxy" due to its hazy, pale appearance under visual observation trough a smaller telescope. Approximately the size of the Milky Way, it is one of the larger members of the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, and appears to be moving with a "peculiar velocity" through space away from us as it orbits the cluster's center of gravity. This is suggested by the fact that its redshift is significantly higher than predicted from its redshift-independent distance measurements. Since redshift based distance estimates do not correct for peculiar motion through space, redshift-independent methods, such as the Cepheid period-luminosity relation, are regarded as more accurate for nearby galaxies closer than ~140 Mly (z < 0.01).
Based on the minor / major axis ratio of the galaxy's outline, NGC4535 is inclined to our line of sight by approximately 30*. This offers an unobstructed view of the spiral arms, dust lanes around the bulge, a short bar crossing the core, and a small, intensely bright active galactic nucleus of the Hii LINER type powered by a central supermassive black hole. The bright blue floccules within the spiral arms are "OB associations", or immense clusters of new, hot, blue giant stars. A number of curved, elongated structures in the disk strongly resemble "stellar streams", or gravitationally stretched remnants of merged dwarf galaxies. Many major galaxies in the Virgo Cluster show evidence of rapid mass assembly through the process of dwarf galaxy accretion. On the annotated image, two faint, diffuse objects which I suspect to be dwarf candidates are marked as DC.
NGC4535 has been the subject of extensive optical and radio telescope studies on the evolution of massive stars, the distribution of atomic and ionized hydrogen gas, and the interactions between the galaxy and the intergalactic medium within the Virgo Cluster.
SDSS J123421.43+081425.8, along the N perimeter of NGC4535, is identified as a small galaxy with a redshift of 0.00615, corresponding to a redshift based distance of 85.11 Mly. If this galaxy were subject to a similar peculiar velocity as NGC4535, it would actually be half the derived size, lying in the foreground. Unfortunately, redshift-independent distance measurements have not been done for this object.
Derived properties of identified faint objects are listed in the chart on the annotated image. The most remote are five quasars, three of which lie beyond the cosmic event horizon, as their recession velocities in the present cosmological epoch are superluminal. Two of them, marked with (+) appear significantly brighter than their listed apparent magnitudes. Many quasars are variable up to several magnitudes with periods ranging from days to years, depending on the inflow of matter available for accretion. The most intrinsically luminous object is LBQS 1232+0815, which is nearly 5,500 times brighter than the Milky Way. The most distant quasar is SDSS J123352.16+080527.4 (z = 2.76700), lying at the light travel distance (lookback time) of 11.33 Bly.
Image details:
-Remote Takahashi TOA 150 x 1105 mm, Paramount GT GEM
-OSC 27 x 300 sec, 2x drizzle, 50% linear crop
-Software: DSS, XnView, Starnet++ 2, StarTools 1.3 and 1.7, Cosmological Calculator 3