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A breathtakingly dimensional interaction between two galaxies. Our point of view combined with the tidal strands connecting the two galaxies provides us with a rarely discernable (among deep space imagery) feel of positionality, foreground, and background.
Data provided by the fruitfully formidable Proposal 15446.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
Color obtained from the generally generous Legacy Survey.
LS data were also used to smooth out and enhance the noisier, darker parts of the image.
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
Red: Legacy Survey z
Green: Legacy Survey r
Blue: Legacy Survey g
North is 18.41° counter-clockwise from up.
Stephan's Quintet in the constellation Pegasus may be one of the most famous groups of galaxies. One reason is that it is the first compact group of galaxies (discovered by Edouard Stephan from Marseille in 1877). Furthermore, it shows a peculiar difference in hue between four reddish-yellowish members and one distinctly more bluish galaxy NGC7320, in this image at the 1 o'clock position of the group. In fact, also the redshift of this galaxy is vastly lower than that of the others, which puzzled astronomers for decades. The mystery was solved by the Hubble space telescope, which could clearly resolve stars in NGC7320, but not in the others, proving that it was in fact not a member of the group, but a foreground dwarf galaxy at only about 40 million light years distance. The rest of the clusters is much further away at about 290 light years.
So is Stephan's Quintet actually a Quartet now? Well, a bit off to the right hand side lies the small lenticular galaxy NGC7320C, which is apparently an actual member of the Hickson Compact Group 92, as the interacting galaxies in this image are also called.
The image seen here was acquired on a single evening during a guided tour at the Volkssternwarte München. Visitors could see the image in the making with the help of live stacking. It took a little over 2.5 hours to acquire all images that went into this final stack, which was later created off-line from single exposures aquired during the evening.
Acquisition details:
Telescope: Meade LX200 SCT 16" f/10, reduced by 0.63x (effective focal length 2.5 m at f/6.3)
Camera: ASI294MC Pro, cooled to -10 °C, Bin 1, Gain 120
Exposures used in stack: 284x 30 seconds
no filters (besides Bayer matrix)
Calibration: darks, flats, bias
Processing:
Stacking, Background refinement, photometric color calibration & stretching in SiRiL
some more refinement in fitswork
final touch-up in Luminar 2018
One of those times when trying to preserve highlights while scanning messes up the colour balance... and the new colours are better than the old ones.
Date: 2023-08-25
Location: Krivaja Vojnicka, Croatia
Telescope: SW 130 PDS
Camera: Canon 2000D
Mount: SW EQ3 (Asterion mod)
Exp: 200x120s
Additional Ha signal provided by Luka Faltis
33 x 300 s
FSQ-106ED, QHY16200A, Astro-Physics Mach1
Processed with Pixinsight and PS.
APCC, APT, PHD2
Southern RedShift Observatory (remote)
Collaboration with E. Oliveira
May 23, 28, 30 and 31, 2020.
Available at Anthem midnight tonight!
Zora Set
Tops come with optional sleeves.
For Legacy, LaraX & Reborn.
☮
WO 80mm APO with QHY9m
Exposure 22hrs 45 mins
Messier 81 is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away, with a diameter of 90,000 light years, about half the size of the Milky Way, in the constellation Ursa Major. Wikipedia
Distance to Earth: 11.74 million light years
Magnitude: 6.94
Apparent size (V): 26.9 × 14.1 moa
Redshift: −0.000113
Galactocentric velocity: 73
Coordinates: RA 9h 55m 33s | Dec +69° 3′ 55″
Messier 82 is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. A member of the M81 Group, it is about five times more luminous than the whole Milky Way and has a center one hundred times more luminous than our galaxy's center. Wikipedia
Distance to Earth: 11.42 million light years
Magnitude: 8.41
Coordinates: RA 9h 55m 52s | Dec +69° 40′ 47″
Apparent size (V): 11′.2 × 4′.3
Redshift: 203±4 km/s
Stars: 30 billion
The infrared image shown here was taken as part of the JADES programme (the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey) and shows a portion of an area of the sky known as GOODS-South.
This region was the focus area of Webb study for an international team of astronomers, who observed the chemical signature of carbon-rich dust grains at redshift ~7. This is roughly equivalent to one billion years after the birth of the Universe. Similar observational signatures have been observed in the much more recent Universe, attributed to complex, carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is not thought likely, however, that PAHs would have developed within the first billion years of cosmic time. Therefore, this observation suggests the exciting possibility that Webb may have observed a different species of carbon-based molecule: possibly minuscule graphite- or diamond-like grains produced by the earliest stars or supernovae. This observation suggests exciting avenues of investigation into both the production of cosmic dust and the earliest stellar populations in our Universe, and was made possible by Webb’s unprecedented sensitivity.
In this image, blue, green, and red were assigned to Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) data at 0.9, 1.15, and 1.5 microns; 2.0, 2.77, and 3.55 microns; and 3.56, 4.1, and 4.44 microns (F090W, F115W, and F150W; F200W, F277W, and F335M; and F356W, F410M, and F444W), respectively.
[Image description: The image shows a deep galaxy field, featuring thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes.]
Credits: ESA/Webb, NASA, ESA, CSA, B. Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), S. Tacchella (University of Cambridge, M. Rieke (Univ. of Arizona), D. Eisenstein (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), A. Pagan (STScI)
This image highlights the location of the galaxy JADES-GS-z6 in a portion of an area of the sky known as GOODS-South, which was observed as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES.
More + high resolution image: www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Webb/Webb_s...
This galaxy, along with others in this region, were part of a Webb study by an international team of astronomers, who observed the chemical signature of carbon-rich dust grains at redshift ~7. This is roughly equivalent to one billion years after the birth of the Universe. Similar observational signatures have been observed in the much more recent Universe, attributed to complex, carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is not thought likely, however, that PAHs would have developed within the first billion years of cosmic time. Therefore, this observation suggests the exciting possibility that Webb may have observed a different species of carbon-based molecule: possibly minuscule graphite- or diamond-like grains produced by the earliest stars or supernovae. This observation suggests exciting avenues of investigation into both the production of cosmic dust and the earliest stellar populations in our Universe, and was made possible by Webb’s unprecedented sensitivity.
The team’s research indicates that this particular galaxy showed significant dust obscuration and has undergone substantial metal enrichment relative to galaxies with similar mass at the same redshift. The team also believes the galaxy's visible colour gradient may indicate a peculiar geometrical alignment of stars and dust.
In this image, blue, green, and red were assigned to Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) data at 0.9, 1.15, and 1.5 microns; 2.0, 2.77, and 3.55 microns; and 3.56, 4.1, and 4.44 microns (F090W, F115W, and F150W; F200W, F277W, and F335M; and F356W, F410M, and F444W), respectively.
The galaxy is shown zoomed in on a region measuring roughly 1x1 arcseconds, which is a measure of angular distance on the sky. One arcsecond is equal to 1/3600 of one degree of arc (the full Moon has an angular diameter of about 0.5 degrees). The actual size of an object that covers one arcsecond on the sky depends on its distance from the telescope.
Image credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, ESA, CSA, B. Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), S. Tacchella (University of Cambridge, M. Rieke (Univ. of Arizona), D. Eisenstein (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), A. Pagan (STScI)
[Image description: The image shows a deep galaxy field, featuring thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes. A cutout indicates a particular galaxy, known as JADES-GS-z6, which was a research target for this result. It appears as a blurry smudge of blue, red and green.]
This multi-telescope composite combines X-ray, infrared and optical data of the galaxy cluster XDCPJ0044.0-2033.
The purple/pink in the image corresponds to infrared emission measured by Herschel and X-ray emission detected with NASA's Chandra telescope.
Infrared data from ESA's Herschel telescope has revealed where interstellar dust in the cluster's core is being heated by young, hot, stars. This is the first time that star formation has been found in the core of a cluster of this size and age.
The X-ray data were used to map the mass of this giant cluster.
These data have been combined with optical and near-infrared images of the cluster captured by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Subaru telescope and the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, the data from which are coloured red, green and blue in this image.
XDCPJ0044.0-2033 is a massive galaxy cluster with an estimated mass of about four hundred thousand billion times that of our Sun. It lies at a redshift of almost 1.6, meaning that we see it as it was 9.6 billion years ago.
Read more: sci.esa.int/herschel/55150-herschel-view-of-the-early-uni...
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/INAF/P.Tozzi, et al; Optical: NAOJ/Subaru and ESO/VLT; Infrared: ESA/Herschel/J. Santos, et al.
Umbrellas and streams around an irregularly shaped galaxy. It has some of look of the makings of an elliptical galaxy. The veil of dust across the nucleus is a nice touch.
This one was a bit faint; I brightened it a bit and it looks noisier because of that. A partial shell to the west of the galaxy was not included in the Hubble image. Please check the widefield view to see that.
A widefield color view of the galaxy is available here:
legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=10.8893&dec=-4.1172&la...
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 2.68° clockwise from up.
29.05.2025.
Prisjeka, Croatia
Telescope: SW 130PDS
Camera: ZWO ASI585MC PRO
Filter: ZWO UV/IR 1.25''
Mount: AstroBobo HEQ5 Pro (Mod by Leviner)
Guding: ZWO ASI120MMS + SVBONY 120MM F4
321x120s (10h42min)
An all electric Alta Motors Redshift MX powers through a turn at the District 34 motocross race at Gotham Mountain in Bridgeville, NY.
Color version. Not sure I'm happy with it. Always looks weird when ground-based data are used to colorize HST data.
Copy-pasta from grayscale image description:
Well, it's been a while since I did a Prop15446 galaxy. This one was PI Julianne Dalcanton's favorite, so of course I had to. Featured are two interacting galaxies, one clearly full of star formation and dust with the other one smooth and not apparently doing much beyond participating in the interaction. The clumpy, dusty star-forming galaxy, perhaps once a spiral, now visibly being pulled into the smooth galaxy.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
Luminosity: ACS/WFC F606W
Red: PANSTARRS r
Green: PANSTARRS g
Blue: SDSS u
North is 8.21° clockwise from up.
Markarians Chain (13.05.2021)
M84 aka NGC4374
M86 aka NGC4406
It includes also
the galaxies:
NGC4435 The Eyes (Copelands Augen) ~52 mly distance
NGC4438 The Eyes (Copelands Augen) ~52 mly distance
NGC4402~ 50 mly distance, 55 kly diameter
NGC4425 ~83 mly distance, 70kly diameter
NGC4413 / NGC4407 2 mly distance (ignoring redshift),
NGC4387 18mly distance 120kly diametr
IC3303
IC3393
IC3355
IC3333
IC3315
The bigger Stars:
HD108450
HD108285
HD108091
40 lights 180 sec. Gain26
30 darks
30 bias
30 (dark) flats
#idaslpsd2 Filter
#qhy268c f4 #celestroncgxlmount #
#astrophotography #universetoday #milkyway #astrophoto #astrography #nightsky #nightscaper #starphotography #starscape #natgeospace #starrynight #longexposure #astro_photography #deepsky #galaxy #neustadtanderweinstrasse #astromaniacmag #celestronrocks #astrobin #baaderplanetarium #jw #jwphotography
Out at Santa Inc. which is open now!
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Angelic%20Place/130/245/23
Eve Dress
For Legacy (+Petite), Maitreya, Reborn.
☮
A four-way interaction going on with a dusty spiral disk onlooker apparently far enough away from the activity not to be disturbed much by it.
This group sits just south of the magnificent NGC 3718, and has by proximity also been imaged by a lot of astrophotographers.
A Legacy Survey view is here: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=173.1635&dec=52.9433&z...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 37.93° clockwise from up.
The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has yet another discovery machine aboard – the Near-Infrared Spectrograph’s (NIRSpec’s) microshutter array. This instrument has more than 248,000 tiny doors that can be individually opened to gather spectra (light) of up to approximately 150 individual objects simultaneously.
Of the thousands of distant galaxies behind galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, NIRSpec observed 48 individually – all at the same time – in a field that is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length. Quick analysis made it immediately clear that several of these galaxies were observed as they existed at very early periods in the history of the universe, which is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old.
Look for the same feature highlighted in each spectrum. Three lines appear in the same order every time – one hydrogen line followed by two ionised oxygen lines. Where this pattern falls on each spectrum tells researchers the redshift of individual galaxies, revealing how long ago their light was emitted.
Light from the farthest galaxy shown travelled 13.1 billion years before Webb’s mirrors captured it. These observations mark the first time these particular emission lines have been seen at such immense distances – and these are only Webb’s initial observations. There may be even more distant galaxies in this image!
In these spectra, Webb has also shown us the chemical composition of galaxies in the very early universe for the first time. This was made possible by the telescope’s position in space – far away from Earth’s atmosphere, which filters out some infrared light – and its specialisation in gathering high-resolution near-infrared light.
And since similar spectra from galaxies at closer distances have long been studied by other space- and ground-based observatories, astronomers already know a lot about the properties of nearby galaxies. Now, astronomers will be able to study and compare spectra from Webb to determine how galaxies have changed over billions of years, dating back to the early universe.
With Webb’s data, researchers can now measure each galaxy’s distance, temperature, gas density, and chemical composition. We will soon learn an incredible amount about galaxies that existed all across cosmic time!
NIRSpec was built for the European Space Agency (ESA) by a consortium of European companies led by Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center providing its detector and micro-shutter subsystems.
Get the full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, here.
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI
The J.Gulliem Orient on my sunday autumn ride.
Strolling around, visiting the upper Bergisches Land, getting a nice steady zone 2 endurance workout in and testing the redshift Dual-Position seatpost.
(Yeah, still waiting for the crash replacement of the front wheel)
--
Das J.Guillem Orient während meiner Sonntags-Herbst-Ausfahrt.
Spazierenfahren, das Oberbergische besuchen, ein schön gleichmäßiges Zone 2 Grundlagenausdauer-Workout durchführen und die redshift Dual-Position Sattelstütze testen.
(Ja, ich warte immer noch auf das Crash Replacement des Vorderrads)
A long time ago… in galaxies far far away, the first stars were born in the early universe. But when and how? That’s a mystery Webb is one step closer to solving.
Using Webb, researchers have found two early galaxies that are unusually bright, one of which could contain the most distant starlight ever seen. The galaxies are thought to have existed 350 and 450 million years after the big bang (respectively, from top to bottom). Unlike our Milky Way, these first galaxies are small and compact, with spherical or disk shapes rather than grand spirals.
Webb’s new findings suggest that the galaxies would have had to begin coming together about 100 million years after the big bang — meaning that the first stars might have started forming in such galaxies around that time, much earlier than expected.
Follow-up observations with Webb’s spectrographs will confirm the distances of these primordial galaxies and help us learn more about the earliest stars. More: www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-draws-back-...
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Tommaso Treu (UCLA)
[Image description: Graphic titled “Abell 2744 GLASS; JWST / NIRCam,” with two large square images, one on the left and one on the right, and two smaller images in between, one stacked above the other. The small images are zoom-ins that show details in the large images. The large image on the left shows galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes, and several bright foreground stars with Webb’s characteristic diffraction pattern. On the left side of this image is a box around a galaxy, labeled “1”, which zooms in to a red galaxy shown in the top small center pullout image. Image 1 is labeled “z ~ 10.5” to indicate that the galaxy’s redshift is about 10.5. The image on the right also shows galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes, but without any prominent diffraction spikes seen in the left image. It includes a box on the left side, labeled “2”, which zooms into a red galaxy, shown in the bottom center image. Pullout image 2 is labeled “z ~ 12.5” to show that the galaxy’s redshift is about 12.5.]
3C295 (Cl 1409+524) is one of the most distant galaxy clusters observed by X-ray telescopes. The cluster is filled with a vast cloud of fifty million degree gas that radiates strongly in X rays. It has a redshift of 0.461, which means that we see the galaxy cluster as it was 4.7 billion years ago. 3C295 was first discovered as a bright source of radio waves. The source of the radio emission was found to be a giant elliptical galaxy located in the center of the cluster of galaxies. Chandra discovered that this central galaxy is a strong, complex source of X rays.
Image credit: NASA/CXC/SAO
Cinema4D
Substance Painter
Redshift Renderer
I created this in December of 2020. Highly influenced by a pandemic-induced cabin fever, I began to see places of escape in common, household objects.
Within the monotony of my routine, my microwave offered me solace with brief hallucinations of a better place or time, and the most forbidden of pleasures: a vacation.
Welcome to the Micro Waves Resort & Spa. Sit back, relax, and microwave yourself. We hope you enjoy your stay
NASA’s Webb Telescope has yet another discovery machine aboard – the Near-Infrared Spectrograph’s (NIRSpec’s) microshutter array. This instrument has more than 248,000 tiny doors that can be individually opened to gather spectra (light) of up to approximately 150 individual objects simultaneously.
Of the thousands of distant galaxies behind galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, NIRSpec observed 48 individually – all at the same time – in a field that is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length. Quick analysis made it immediately clear that several of these galaxies were observed as they existed at very early periods in the history of the universe, which is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old.
Look for the same feature highlighted in each spectrum. Three lines appear in the same order every time – one hydrogen line followed by two ionized oxygen lines. Where this pattern falls on each spectrum tells researchers the redshift of individual galaxies, revealing how long ago their light was emitted.
Light from the farthest galaxy shown traveled 13.1 billion years before Webb’s mirrors captured it. These observations mark the first time these particular emission lines have been seen at such immense distances – and these are only Webb’s initial observations. There may be even more distant galaxies in this image!
In these spectra, Webb has also shown us the chemical composition of galaxies in the very early universe for the first time. This was made possible by the telescope’s position in space – far away from Earth’s atmosphere, which filters out some infrared light – and its specialization in gathering high-resolution near-infrared light.
And since similar spectra from galaxies at closer distances have long been studied by other space- and ground-based observatories, astronomers already know a lot about the properties of nearby galaxies. Now, astronomers will be able to study and compare spectra from Webb to determine how galaxies have changed over billions of years, dating back to the early universe.
With Webb’s data, researchers can now measure each galaxy’s distance, temperature, gas density, and chemical composition. We will soon learn an incredible amount about galaxies that existed all across cosmic time!
Want to capture your own spectra with Webb’s microshutter array? Learn how scientists use the instrument by “taking” your own observations with this interactive and analyze the spectra it returns.
For a full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, please visit: webbtelescope.org/news/first-images
NIRSpec was built for the European Space Agency (ESA) by a consortium of European companies led by Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center providing its detector and micro-shutter subsystems.
Credits:
IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
Image description:
An infographic titled “Galaxy Cluster SMACS 0723, Webb Spectra Identify Galaxies in the Very Early Universe; NIRCam Imaging and NIRSpec Microshutter Array Spectroscopy.” At left is a NIRCam image of the field, which is filled with galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes. Four galaxies from this image are highlighted, and labeled: 11.3 billion years, 12.6 billion years, 13.0 billion years, 13.1 billion years to indicate when the observed light was emitted. In inset images, these galaxies appear blurry and have red areas. To the right are four line graphs corresponding to the four highlighted galaxies. These are labeled NIRSpec Microshutter Array Spectroscopy. They show the shift in the position of hydrogen and oxygen emission lines to longer wavelengths as age of the light increases.
The Milky Way is vertically seen with its center at a 17.8° altitude above the horizon (azm +201.2°) near Grevena, Macedonia, Greece (40° 0' 38.040" N, 21° 29' 19.446" E; 2,444.9 ft / 745.2 m). Its band reached a max. altitude of 77.7°.
Jupiter is seen to the right, at a 23° 11' 42" altitude (azm +206° 26' 36", planet's distance from Earth: 4.28 AU).
Saturn is also visible, to the left of the galactic center and at a higher altitude (28° 19' 09", distance from Earth: 9.14 AU).
Antares (aka “α Sco” or “α [alpha] Scorpii” ) is visible to the right of Jupiter and lower (at a 15° 15’ 35” altitude, azm +214° 16’ 24”). The red supergiant star’s average distance from the Sun is 553.8 light-years.
Made from 20 light frames by Starry Landscape Stacker 1.8.0. Algorithm: Min Horizon Noise
The Milky Way's photograph is reminiscent of Patricia Barber's masterpiece:
Redshift.—
We are one week away from the release of the first science-quality images from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, but how does the observatory find, and lock onto its targets? Webb's Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) – developed by the Canadian Space Agency was designed with this particular question in mind. Recently it captured a view of stars and galaxies that provides a tantalizing glimpse at what the telescope's science instruments will reveal in the coming weeks, months, and years.
FGS has always been capable of capturing imagery, but its primary purpose is to enable accurate science measurements and imaging with precision pointing. When it does capture imagery, it is typically not kept: given the limited communications bandwidth between L2 and Earth, Webb only sends data from up to two science instruments at a time. But during the week-long stability test in May, it occurred to the team that they could keep the imagery that was being captured because there was available data transfer bandwidth.
The engineering test image – produced during a thermal stability test in mid-May – has some rough-around-the-edges qualities to it. It was not optimized to be a science observation, rather the data were taken to test how well the telescope could stay locked onto a target, but it does hint at the power of the telescope. It carries a few hallmarks of the views Webb has produced during its postlaunch preparations. Bright stars stand out with their six, long, sharply defined diffraction spikes – an effect due to Webb's six-sided mirror segments. Beyond the stars – galaxies fill nearly the entire background.
The result – using 72 exposures over 32 hours – is among the deepest images of the universe ever taken, according to Webb scientists. When FGS' aperture is open, it is not using color filters like the other science instruments – meaning it is impossible to study the age of the galaxies in this image with the rigor needed for scientific analysis. But: Even when capturing unplanned imagery during a test, FGS is capable of producing stunning views of the cosmos.
“With the Webb telescope achieving better than expected image quality, early in commissioning we intentionally defocused the guiders by a small amount to help ensure they met their performance requirements. When this image was taken, I was thrilled to clearly see all the detailed structure in these faint galaxies. Given what we now know is possible with deep broad-band guider images, perhaps such images, taken in parallel with other observations where feasible, could prove scientifically useful in the future,” said Neil Rowlands, program scientist for Webb’s Fine Guidance Sensor, at Honeywell Aerospace
Read more at blogs.nasa.gov/webb
This image: This Fine Guidance Sensor image was acquired in parallel with NIRCam imaging of the star HD147980 over a period of 8 days at the beginning of May. This image represents a total of 32 hours of exposure time at several overlapping pointings of the Guider 2 channel. The observations were not optimized for detection of faint objects, but nevertheless the image captures extremely faint objects and is, for now, the deepest image of the infrared sky. The unfiltered wavelength response of the guider, from 0.6 to 5 micrometers, helps provide this extreme sensitivity. The image is mono-chromatic and is displayed in false color with white-yellow-orange-red representing the progression from brightest to dimmest. The bright star (at 9.3 magnitude) on the right hand edge is 2MASS 16235798+2826079. There are only a handful of stars in this image – distinguished by their diffraction spikes. The rest of the objects are thousands of faint galaxies, some in the nearby universe, but many, many more in the high redshift universe.
Credit: NASA, CSA, and FGS team
The Coma Berenices open cluster
Credit: Giuseppe Donatiello
The Coma Berenices (Mel 111), almost entirely, with the 200mm lens operating in the background to the 300mm over the same region. Unfortunately, I cut in half the famous galaxy NGC 4565 (bottom edge towards the center) which I thought I had well framed ... It happens.
Although with a limiting magnitude of around 17, a large number of galaxies with high background redshift are also recorded in this image.
Abell 1367
Leo Galaxy Cluster
The Leo Cluster (Abell 1367) is a galaxy cluster about 330 million light-years distant in the constellation Leo, with at least 70 major galaxies. The elliptical galaxy known as NGC 3842 is the brightest member of this cluster. This is seen to the left and slightly upward of the center of the image. Along with the Coma Cluster, the Leo cluster is one of the two major clusters comprising the Coma Supercluster, which in turn is part of the CfA2 Great Wall, an immense galaxy filament which is hundreds of millions of light years long and is one of the largest known structures in the universe. The “CfA” designation refers to “Center for Astrophysics” redshift survey and was an attempt to map the large scale structure of the universe. CfA2 was the second survey started in 1985 and the Great Wall was discovered in 1989
The Leo Cluster mostly contains spiral galaxies, suggesting that it is much younger than other comparable clusters, such as the Coma Cluster. It is also home to one of the universe's largest known black holes, which lies in the center of NGC 3842. The black hole is 9.7 billion times more massive than our sun. (Wikipedia)
Capture info:
Location: Orion’s Belt Remote Observatory, Mayhill NM
Telescope: Takahashi ED180
Mount: Paramount MX+
Camera: SBIG STXL 16200
Data: LRGB 2.5,2,2,2.5 hrs (5min subframes)
Processing: Pixinsight
Preliminary Webb science shows galaxies confirmed by spectroscopy to date back to less than 400 million years after the big bang. Spectroscopy refers to breaking light into its components to create spectra, which can be thought of as “barcodes.” On a "barcode," elements and molecules have characteristic signatures we can read.
Because the universe is expanding, the light from distant galaxies is stretched — or redshifted — into longer, infrared wavelengths. We can figure out galaxies’ distances by measuring how much the signatures of elements in their spectra have shifted due to this effect.
Without spectroscopy, it can be hard to confirm how far away a galaxy is, as closer galaxies can “masquerade” as distant ones. To search for the earliest galaxies, scientists looked for a distinct feature in spectra that required Webb’s unprecedented infrared sensitivity to observe.
Finding and confirming early galaxies is a continuous process, and Webb is just getting started. Many more distant galaxies are lined up for Webb to investigate. Read more: blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/12/09/nasas-webb-reaches-new-mil...
Note: Data is from Webb science in progress, which has not yet been peer reviewed.
In this image: his image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope highlights the region of study by the Webb Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). This area is in and around the Hubble Space Telescope’s Ultra Deep Field. Scientists used Webb’s NIRCam instrument to observe the field in nine different infrared wavelength ranges. From these images, the team searched for faint galaxies that are visible in the infrared but whose spectra abruptly cut off at a critical wavelength. They conducted additional observations (not shown here) with Webb’s NIRSpec instrument to measure each galaxy’s redshift and reveal the properties of the gas and stars in these galaxies.
In this image blue represents light at 1.15 microns (115W), green is 2.0 microns (200W), and red is 4.44 microns (444W).
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and M. Zamani (ESA/Webb).
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb). Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), S. Tacchella (Cambridge), E. Curtis-Lake (UOH), S. Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore), JADES Collaboration
Image description: A close-up of hundreds of assorted galaxies on a black background. Their colors include white, yellow, orange and blue. Some are spirals, while others appear more like blobs or streaks. There are scattered stars, some with large eight-pointed spikes.