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Stephan's Quintet in the constellation Pegasus may be one of the most famous groups of galaxies. One reason is that it is the first compact group of galaxies (discovered by Edouard Stephan from Marseille in 1877). Furthermore, it shows a peculiar difference in hue between four reddish-yellowish members and one distinctly more bluish galaxy NGC7320, in this image at the 1 o'clock position of the group. In fact, also the redshift of this galaxy is vastly lower than that of the others, which puzzled astronomers for decades. The mystery was solved by the Hubble space telescope, which could clearly resolve stars in NGC7320, but not in the others, proving that it was in fact not a member of the group, but a foreground dwarf galaxy at only about 40 million light years distance. The rest of the clusters is much further away at about 290 light years.
So is Stephan's Quintet actually a Quartet now? Well, a bit off to the right hand side lies the small lenticular galaxy NGC7320C, which is apparently an actual member of the Hickson Compact Group 92, as the interacting galaxies in this image are also called.
The image seen here was acquired on a single evening during a guided tour at the Volkssternwarte München. Visitors could see the image in the making with the help of live stacking. It took a little over 2.5 hours to acquire all images that went into this final stack, which was later created off-line from single exposures aquired during the evening.
Acquisition details:
Telescope: Meade LX200 SCT 16" f/10, reduced by 0.63x (effective focal length 2.5 m at f/6.3)
Camera: ASI294MC Pro, cooled to -10 °C, Bin 1, Gain 120
Exposures used in stack: 284x 30 seconds
no filters (besides Bayer matrix)
Calibration: darks, flats, bias
Processing:
Stacking, Background refinement, photometric color calibration & stretching in SiRiL
some more refinement in fitswork
final touch-up in Luminar 2018
Markarians Chain (13.05.2021)
M84 aka NGC4374
M86 aka NGC4406
It includes also
the galaxies:
NGC4435 The Eyes (Copelands Augen) ~52 mly distance
NGC4438 The Eyes (Copelands Augen) ~52 mly distance
NGC4402~ 50 mly distance, 55 kly diameter
NGC4425 ~83 mly distance, 70kly diameter
NGC4413 / NGC4407 2 mly distance (ignoring redshift),
NGC4387 18mly distance 120kly diametr
IC3303
IC3393
IC3355
IC3333
IC3315
The bigger Stars:
HD108450
HD108285
HD108091
40 lights 180 sec. Gain26
30 darks
30 bias
30 (dark) flats
#idaslpsd2 Filter
#qhy268c f4 #celestroncgxlmount #
#astrophotography #universetoday #milkyway #astrophoto #astrography #nightsky #nightscaper #starphotography #starscape #natgeospace #starrynight #longexposure #astro_photography #deepsky #galaxy #neustadtanderweinstrasse #astromaniacmag #celestronrocks #astrobin #baaderplanetarium #jw #jwphotography
One of those times when trying to preserve highlights while scanning messes up the colour balance... and the new colours are better than the old ones.
Available at Anthem midnight tonight!
Zora Set
Tops come with optional sleeves.
For Legacy, LaraX & Reborn.
☮
The infrared image shown here was taken as part of the JADES programme (the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey) and shows a portion of an area of the sky known as GOODS-South.
This region was the focus area of Webb study for an international team of astronomers, who observed the chemical signature of carbon-rich dust grains at redshift ~7. This is roughly equivalent to one billion years after the birth of the Universe. Similar observational signatures have been observed in the much more recent Universe, attributed to complex, carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is not thought likely, however, that PAHs would have developed within the first billion years of cosmic time. Therefore, this observation suggests the exciting possibility that Webb may have observed a different species of carbon-based molecule: possibly minuscule graphite- or diamond-like grains produced by the earliest stars or supernovae. This observation suggests exciting avenues of investigation into both the production of cosmic dust and the earliest stellar populations in our Universe, and was made possible by Webb’s unprecedented sensitivity.
In this image, blue, green, and red were assigned to Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) data at 0.9, 1.15, and 1.5 microns; 2.0, 2.77, and 3.55 microns; and 3.56, 4.1, and 4.44 microns (F090W, F115W, and F150W; F200W, F277W, and F335M; and F356W, F410M, and F444W), respectively.
[Image description: The image shows a deep galaxy field, featuring thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes.]
Credits: ESA/Webb, NASA, ESA, CSA, B. Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), S. Tacchella (University of Cambridge, M. Rieke (Univ. of Arizona), D. Eisenstein (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), A. Pagan (STScI)
33 x 300 s
FSQ-106ED, QHY16200A, Astro-Physics Mach1
Processed with Pixinsight and PS.
APCC, APT, PHD2
Southern RedShift Observatory (remote)
Collaboration with E. Oliveira
May 23, 28, 30 and 31, 2020.
WO 80mm APO with QHY9m
Exposure 22hrs 45 mins
Messier 81 is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away, with a diameter of 90,000 light years, about half the size of the Milky Way, in the constellation Ursa Major. Wikipedia
Distance to Earth: 11.74 million light years
Magnitude: 6.94
Apparent size (V): 26.9 × 14.1 moa
Redshift: −0.000113
Galactocentric velocity: 73
Coordinates: RA 9h 55m 33s | Dec +69° 3′ 55″
Messier 82 is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. A member of the M81 Group, it is about five times more luminous than the whole Milky Way and has a center one hundred times more luminous than our galaxy's center. Wikipedia
Distance to Earth: 11.42 million light years
Magnitude: 8.41
Coordinates: RA 9h 55m 52s | Dec +69° 40′ 47″
Apparent size (V): 11′.2 × 4′.3
Redshift: 203±4 km/s
Stars: 30 billion
This image highlights the location of the galaxy JADES-GS-z6 in a portion of an area of the sky known as GOODS-South, which was observed as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES.
More + high resolution image: www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Webb/Webb_s...
This galaxy, along with others in this region, were part of a Webb study by an international team of astronomers, who observed the chemical signature of carbon-rich dust grains at redshift ~7. This is roughly equivalent to one billion years after the birth of the Universe. Similar observational signatures have been observed in the much more recent Universe, attributed to complex, carbon-based molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is not thought likely, however, that PAHs would have developed within the first billion years of cosmic time. Therefore, this observation suggests the exciting possibility that Webb may have observed a different species of carbon-based molecule: possibly minuscule graphite- or diamond-like grains produced by the earliest stars or supernovae. This observation suggests exciting avenues of investigation into both the production of cosmic dust and the earliest stellar populations in our Universe, and was made possible by Webb’s unprecedented sensitivity.
The team’s research indicates that this particular galaxy showed significant dust obscuration and has undergone substantial metal enrichment relative to galaxies with similar mass at the same redshift. The team also believes the galaxy's visible colour gradient may indicate a peculiar geometrical alignment of stars and dust.
In this image, blue, green, and red were assigned to Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) data at 0.9, 1.15, and 1.5 microns; 2.0, 2.77, and 3.55 microns; and 3.56, 4.1, and 4.44 microns (F090W, F115W, and F150W; F200W, F277W, and F335M; and F356W, F410M, and F444W), respectively.
The galaxy is shown zoomed in on a region measuring roughly 1x1 arcseconds, which is a measure of angular distance on the sky. One arcsecond is equal to 1/3600 of one degree of arc (the full Moon has an angular diameter of about 0.5 degrees). The actual size of an object that covers one arcsecond on the sky depends on its distance from the telescope.
Image credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, ESA, CSA, B. Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), S. Tacchella (University of Cambridge, M. Rieke (Univ. of Arizona), D. Eisenstein (Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian), A. Pagan (STScI)
[Image description: The image shows a deep galaxy field, featuring thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes. A cutout indicates a particular galaxy, known as JADES-GS-z6, which was a research target for this result. It appears as a blurry smudge of blue, red and green.]
This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the galaxy LRG-3-817, also known as SDSS J090122.37+181432.3. The galaxy, its image distorted by the effects of gravitational lensing, appears as a long arc to the left of the central galaxy cluster. Gravitational lensing occurs when a large distribution of matter, such as a galaxy cluster, sits between Earth and a distant light source. As space is warped by massive objects, the light from the distant object bends as it travels to us and we see a distorted image of it. This effect was first predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Strong gravitational lenses provide an opportunity for studying properties of distant galaxies, since Hubble can resolve details within the multiple arcs that are one of the main results of gravitational lensing. An important consequence of lensing distortion is magnification, allowing us to observe objects that would otherwise be too far away and too faint to be seen. Hubble makes use of this magnification effect to study objects beyond the sensitivity of its 2.4-metre-diameter primary mirror, showing us the most distant galaxies humanity has ever encountered. This lensed galaxy was found as part of the Sloan Bright Arcs Survey, which discovered some of the brightest gravitationally lensed high-redshift galaxies in the night sky.
Credits: ESA/Hubble & NASA, S. Allam et al.; CC BY 4.0
Umbrellas and streams around an irregularly shaped galaxy. It has some of look of the makings of an elliptical galaxy. The veil of dust across the nucleus is a nice touch.
This one was a bit faint; I brightened it a bit and it looks noisier because of that. A partial shell to the west of the galaxy was not included in the Hubble image. Please check the widefield view to see that.
A widefield color view of the galaxy is available here:
legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=10.8893&dec=-4.1172&la...
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All Channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 2.68° clockwise from up.
This multi-telescope composite combines X-ray, infrared and optical data of the galaxy cluster XDCPJ0044.0-2033.
The purple/pink in the image corresponds to infrared emission measured by Herschel and X-ray emission detected with NASA's Chandra telescope.
Infrared data from ESA's Herschel telescope has revealed where interstellar dust in the cluster's core is being heated by young, hot, stars. This is the first time that star formation has been found in the core of a cluster of this size and age.
The X-ray data were used to map the mass of this giant cluster.
These data have been combined with optical and near-infrared images of the cluster captured by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Subaru telescope and the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, the data from which are coloured red, green and blue in this image.
XDCPJ0044.0-2033 is a massive galaxy cluster with an estimated mass of about four hundred thousand billion times that of our Sun. It lies at a redshift of almost 1.6, meaning that we see it as it was 9.6 billion years ago.
Read more: sci.esa.int/herschel/55150-herschel-view-of-the-early-uni...
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/INAF/P.Tozzi, et al; Optical: NAOJ/Subaru and ESO/VLT; Infrared: ESA/Herschel/J. Santos, et al.
An all electric Alta Motors Redshift MX powers through a turn at the District 34 motocross race at Gotham Mountain in Bridgeville, NY.
Color version. Not sure I'm happy with it. Always looks weird when ground-based data are used to colorize HST data.
Copy-pasta from grayscale image description:
Well, it's been a while since I did a Prop15446 galaxy. This one was PI Julianne Dalcanton's favorite, so of course I had to. Featured are two interacting galaxies, one clearly full of star formation and dust with the other one smooth and not apparently doing much beyond participating in the interaction. The clumpy, dusty star-forming galaxy, perhaps once a spiral, now visibly being pulled into the smooth galaxy.
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
Luminosity: ACS/WFC F606W
Red: PANSTARRS r
Green: PANSTARRS g
Blue: SDSS u
North is 8.21° clockwise from up.
29.05.2025.
Prisjeka, Croatia
Telescope: SW 130PDS
Camera: ZWO ASI585MC PRO
Filter: ZWO UV/IR 1.25''
Mount: AstroBobo HEQ5 Pro (Mod by Leviner)
Guding: ZWO ASI120MMS + SVBONY 120MM F4
321x120s (10h42min)
A four-way interaction going on with a dusty spiral disk onlooker apparently far enough away from the activity not to be disturbed much by it.
This group sits just south of the magnificent NGC 3718, and has by proximity also been imaged by a lot of astrophotographers.
A Legacy Survey view is here: legacysurvey.org/viewer?ra=173.1635&dec=52.9433&z...
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is 37.93° clockwise from up.
The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has yet another discovery machine aboard – the Near-Infrared Spectrograph’s (NIRSpec’s) microshutter array. This instrument has more than 248,000 tiny doors that can be individually opened to gather spectra (light) of up to approximately 150 individual objects simultaneously.
Of the thousands of distant galaxies behind galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, NIRSpec observed 48 individually – all at the same time – in a field that is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length. Quick analysis made it immediately clear that several of these galaxies were observed as they existed at very early periods in the history of the universe, which is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old.
Look for the same feature highlighted in each spectrum. Three lines appear in the same order every time – one hydrogen line followed by two ionised oxygen lines. Where this pattern falls on each spectrum tells researchers the redshift of individual galaxies, revealing how long ago their light was emitted.
Light from the farthest galaxy shown travelled 13.1 billion years before Webb’s mirrors captured it. These observations mark the first time these particular emission lines have been seen at such immense distances – and these are only Webb’s initial observations. There may be even more distant galaxies in this image!
In these spectra, Webb has also shown us the chemical composition of galaxies in the very early universe for the first time. This was made possible by the telescope’s position in space – far away from Earth’s atmosphere, which filters out some infrared light – and its specialisation in gathering high-resolution near-infrared light.
And since similar spectra from galaxies at closer distances have long been studied by other space- and ground-based observatories, astronomers already know a lot about the properties of nearby galaxies. Now, astronomers will be able to study and compare spectra from Webb to determine how galaxies have changed over billions of years, dating back to the early universe.
With Webb’s data, researchers can now measure each galaxy’s distance, temperature, gas density, and chemical composition. We will soon learn an incredible amount about galaxies that existed all across cosmic time!
NIRSpec was built for the European Space Agency (ESA) by a consortium of European companies led by Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center providing its detector and micro-shutter subsystems.
Get the full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, here.
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI
A long time ago… in galaxies far far away, the first stars were born in the early universe. But when and how? That’s a mystery Webb is one step closer to solving.
Using Webb, researchers have found two early galaxies that are unusually bright, one of which could contain the most distant starlight ever seen. The galaxies are thought to have existed 350 and 450 million years after the big bang (respectively, from top to bottom). Unlike our Milky Way, these first galaxies are small and compact, with spherical or disk shapes rather than grand spirals.
Webb’s new findings suggest that the galaxies would have had to begin coming together about 100 million years after the big bang — meaning that the first stars might have started forming in such galaxies around that time, much earlier than expected.
Follow-up observations with Webb’s spectrographs will confirm the distances of these primordial galaxies and help us learn more about the earliest stars. More: www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-draws-back-...
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Tommaso Treu (UCLA)
[Image description: Graphic titled “Abell 2744 GLASS; JWST / NIRCam,” with two large square images, one on the left and one on the right, and two smaller images in between, one stacked above the other. The small images are zoom-ins that show details in the large images. The large image on the left shows galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes, and several bright foreground stars with Webb’s characteristic diffraction pattern. On the left side of this image is a box around a galaxy, labeled “1”, which zooms in to a red galaxy shown in the top small center pullout image. Image 1 is labeled “z ~ 10.5” to indicate that the galaxy’s redshift is about 10.5. The image on the right also shows galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes, but without any prominent diffraction spikes seen in the left image. It includes a box on the left side, labeled “2”, which zooms into a red galaxy, shown in the bottom center image. Pullout image 2 is labeled “z ~ 12.5” to show that the galaxy’s redshift is about 12.5.]
Out at Santa Inc. which is open now!
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Angelic%20Place/130/245/23
Eve Dress
For Legacy (+Petite), Maitreya, Reborn.
☮
The J.Gulliem Orient on my sunday autumn ride.
Strolling around, visiting the upper Bergisches Land, getting a nice steady zone 2 endurance workout in and testing the redshift Dual-Position seatpost.
(Yeah, still waiting for the crash replacement of the front wheel)
--
Das J.Guillem Orient während meiner Sonntags-Herbst-Ausfahrt.
Spazierenfahren, das Oberbergische besuchen, ein schön gleichmäßiges Zone 2 Grundlagenausdauer-Workout durchführen und die redshift Dual-Position Sattelstütze testen.
(Ja, ich warte immer noch auf das Crash Replacement des Vorderrads)
The Milky Way is vertically seen with its center at a 17.8° altitude above the horizon (azm +201.2°) near Grevena, Macedonia, Greece (40° 0' 38.040" N, 21° 29' 19.446" E; 2,444.9 ft / 745.2 m). Its band reached a max. altitude of 77.7°.
Jupiter is seen to the right, at a 23° 11' 42" altitude (azm +206° 26' 36", planet's distance from Earth: 4.28 AU).
Saturn is also visible, to the left of the galactic center and at a higher altitude (28° 19' 09", distance from Earth: 9.14 AU).
Antares (aka “α Sco” or “α [alpha] Scorpii” ) is visible to the right of Jupiter and lower (at a 15° 15’ 35” altitude, azm +214° 16’ 24”). The red supergiant star’s average distance from the Sun is 553.8 light-years.
Made from 20 light frames by Starry Landscape Stacker 1.8.0. Algorithm: Min Horizon Noise
The Milky Way's photograph is reminiscent of Patricia Barber's masterpiece:
Redshift.—
"Redshift" Self Portrait September 2019 Black and white version :)
© 2019 Sabine Fischer
find me elsewhere:
instagram: sabine fey
portfolio: www.phoenixstudios.de
facebook: sabine fischer photography
3C295 (Cl 1409+524) is one of the most distant galaxy clusters observed by X-ray telescopes. The cluster is filled with a vast cloud of fifty million degree gas that radiates strongly in X rays. It has a redshift of 0.461, which means that we see the galaxy cluster as it was 4.7 billion years ago. 3C295 was first discovered as a bright source of radio waves. The source of the radio emission was found to be a giant elliptical galaxy located in the center of the cluster of galaxies. Chandra discovered that this central galaxy is a strong, complex source of X rays.
Image credit: NASA/CXC/SAO
Abell 1367
Leo Galaxy Cluster
The Leo Cluster (Abell 1367) is a galaxy cluster about 330 million light-years distant in the constellation Leo, with at least 70 major galaxies. The elliptical galaxy known as NGC 3842 is the brightest member of this cluster. This is seen to the left and slightly upward of the center of the image. Along with the Coma Cluster, the Leo cluster is one of the two major clusters comprising the Coma Supercluster, which in turn is part of the CfA2 Great Wall, an immense galaxy filament which is hundreds of millions of light years long and is one of the largest known structures in the universe. The “CfA” designation refers to “Center for Astrophysics” redshift survey and was an attempt to map the large scale structure of the universe. CfA2 was the second survey started in 1985 and the Great Wall was discovered in 1989
The Leo Cluster mostly contains spiral galaxies, suggesting that it is much younger than other comparable clusters, such as the Coma Cluster. It is also home to one of the universe's largest known black holes, which lies in the center of NGC 3842. The black hole is 9.7 billion times more massive than our sun. (Wikipedia)
Capture info:
Location: Orion’s Belt Remote Observatory, Mayhill NM
Telescope: Takahashi ED180
Mount: Paramount MX+
Camera: SBIG STXL 16200
Data: LRGB 2.5,2,2,2.5 hrs (5min subframes)
Processing: Pixinsight
Cinema4D
Substance Painter
Redshift Renderer
I created this in December of 2020. Highly influenced by a pandemic-induced cabin fever, I began to see places of escape in common, household objects.
Within the monotony of my routine, my microwave offered me solace with brief hallucinations of a better place or time, and the most forbidden of pleasures: a vacation.
Welcome to the Micro Waves Resort & Spa. Sit back, relax, and microwave yourself. We hope you enjoy your stay
The Coma Berenices open cluster
Credit: Giuseppe Donatiello
The Coma Berenices (Mel 111), almost entirely, with the 200mm lens operating in the background to the 300mm over the same region. Unfortunately, I cut in half the famous galaxy NGC 4565 (bottom edge towards the center) which I thought I had well framed ... It happens.
Although with a limiting magnitude of around 17, a large number of galaxies with high background redshift are also recorded in this image.
NASA’s Webb Telescope has yet another discovery machine aboard – the Near-Infrared Spectrograph’s (NIRSpec’s) microshutter array. This instrument has more than 248,000 tiny doors that can be individually opened to gather spectra (light) of up to approximately 150 individual objects simultaneously.
Of the thousands of distant galaxies behind galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, NIRSpec observed 48 individually – all at the same time – in a field that is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length. Quick analysis made it immediately clear that several of these galaxies were observed as they existed at very early periods in the history of the universe, which is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old.
Look for the same feature highlighted in each spectrum. Three lines appear in the same order every time – one hydrogen line followed by two ionized oxygen lines. Where this pattern falls on each spectrum tells researchers the redshift of individual galaxies, revealing how long ago their light was emitted.
Light from the farthest galaxy shown traveled 13.1 billion years before Webb’s mirrors captured it. These observations mark the first time these particular emission lines have been seen at such immense distances – and these are only Webb’s initial observations. There may be even more distant galaxies in this image!
In these spectra, Webb has also shown us the chemical composition of galaxies in the very early universe for the first time. This was made possible by the telescope’s position in space – far away from Earth’s atmosphere, which filters out some infrared light – and its specialization in gathering high-resolution near-infrared light.
And since similar spectra from galaxies at closer distances have long been studied by other space- and ground-based observatories, astronomers already know a lot about the properties of nearby galaxies. Now, astronomers will be able to study and compare spectra from Webb to determine how galaxies have changed over billions of years, dating back to the early universe.
With Webb’s data, researchers can now measure each galaxy’s distance, temperature, gas density, and chemical composition. We will soon learn an incredible amount about galaxies that existed all across cosmic time!
Want to capture your own spectra with Webb’s microshutter array? Learn how scientists use the instrument by “taking” your own observations with this interactive and analyze the spectra it returns.
For a full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, please visit: webbtelescope.org/news/first-images
NIRSpec was built for the European Space Agency (ESA) by a consortium of European companies led by Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center providing its detector and micro-shutter subsystems.
Credits:
IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
Image description:
An infographic titled “Galaxy Cluster SMACS 0723, Webb Spectra Identify Galaxies in the Very Early Universe; NIRCam Imaging and NIRSpec Microshutter Array Spectroscopy.” At left is a NIRCam image of the field, which is filled with galaxies of different colors, shapes, and sizes. Four galaxies from this image are highlighted, and labeled: 11.3 billion years, 12.6 billion years, 13.0 billion years, 13.1 billion years to indicate when the observed light was emitted. In inset images, these galaxies appear blurry and have red areas. To the right are four line graphs corresponding to the four highlighted galaxies. These are labeled NIRSpec Microshutter Array Spectroscopy. They show the shift in the position of hydrogen and oxygen emission lines to longer wavelengths as age of the light increases.
One-color image of the disturbed galaxy Arp-Madore 135-650, also known as NGC 646. This was observed for one of the gap-filler programs. If I could make a color image, it might appear blueish up top where all the star formation is ongoing, and less blue at the bottom. This is what makes the galaxy interesting, according to a brief mention on Twitter by principle investigator Julianne Dalcanton: twitter.com/dalcantonJD/status/1038436462876741633
The puzzle is to figure out why is it all clumpy and star-formy on one side, but smooth and not so much on the other side.
I cleaned off a satellite trail and a few hundred cosmic rays.
Data from the following proposal is used to create this image:
Establishing HST's Low Redshift Archive of Interacting Systems
All channels: ACS/WFC F606W
North is NOT up. It is 43.07° counter-clockwise from up.
Preliminary Webb science shows galaxies confirmed by spectroscopy to date back to less than 400 million years after the big bang. Spectroscopy refers to breaking light into its components to create spectra, which can be thought of as “barcodes.” On a "barcode," elements and molecules have characteristic signatures we can read.
Because the universe is expanding, the light from distant galaxies is stretched — or redshifted — into longer, infrared wavelengths. We can figure out galaxies’ distances by measuring how much the signatures of elements in their spectra have shifted due to this effect.
Without spectroscopy, it can be hard to confirm how far away a galaxy is, as closer galaxies can “masquerade” as distant ones. To search for the earliest galaxies, scientists looked for a distinct feature in spectra that required Webb’s unprecedented infrared sensitivity to observe.
Finding and confirming early galaxies is a continuous process, and Webb is just getting started. Many more distant galaxies are lined up for Webb to investigate. Read more: blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/12/09/nasas-webb-reaches-new-mil...
Note: Data is from Webb science in progress, which has not yet been peer reviewed.
In this image: his image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope highlights the region of study by the Webb Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). This area is in and around the Hubble Space Telescope’s Ultra Deep Field. Scientists used Webb’s NIRCam instrument to observe the field in nine different infrared wavelength ranges. From these images, the team searched for faint galaxies that are visible in the infrared but whose spectra abruptly cut off at a critical wavelength. They conducted additional observations (not shown here) with Webb’s NIRSpec instrument to measure each galaxy’s redshift and reveal the properties of the gas and stars in these galaxies.
In this image blue represents light at 1.15 microns (115W), green is 2.0 microns (200W), and red is 4.44 microns (444W).
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and M. Zamani (ESA/Webb).
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb). Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), S. Tacchella (Cambridge), E. Curtis-Lake (UOH), S. Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore), JADES Collaboration
Image description: A close-up of hundreds of assorted galaxies on a black background. Their colors include white, yellow, orange and blue. Some are spirals, while others appear more like blobs or streaks. There are scattered stars, some with large eight-pointed spikes.
The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has captured a spectacular view of the galaxy I Zwicky 18 (I Zw 18) in this new image. The galaxy was first identified by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in the 1930’s and resides roughly 59 million light-years from Earth.
This galaxy has gone through several sudden bursts of star formation. This galaxy is typical of the kinds of galaxies that inhabited the early Universe and it is classified as a dwarf irregular galaxy (much smaller than our Milky Way).
Two major starburst regions are embedded in the heart of the galaxy. The wispy brown filaments surrounding the central starburst region are bubbles of gas that have been heated by stellar winds and intense ultraviolet radiation unleashed by hot, young stars. A companion galaxy resides nearby to the dwarf galaxy, which can be seen at the bottom of the wider-field image. The companion may be interacting with the dwarf galaxy and may have triggered that galaxy's recent star formation. The orange blobs surrounding the dwarf galaxy are the dim glow from ancient fully formed galaxies at much larger distances.
This image was taken as part of a Webb programme to study the life cycle of dust in I Zw 18. Scientists are now building off of previous research with Hubble obtained at optical wavelengths, studying individual dusty stars in detail with Webb’s equivalent spatial resolution and sensitivity at infrared wavelengths. This galaxy is of particular interest as its content of elements heavier than helium is one of the lowest of all known galaxies in the local Universe. Such conditions are thought to be similar to those in some of the first star-forming galaxies at high redshift, so the Webb study of I Zw 18 should shed light on the life-cycle of stars and dust in the early Universe.
Although previously believed to have only just recently begun forming its first generation of stars, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope found fainter, older red stars contained within the galaxy, suggesting its star formation started at least one billion years ago and possibly as much as 10 billion years ago. The galaxy, therefore, may have formed at the same time as most other galaxies.
The new observations from Webb have revealed the detection of a set of candidate dusty evolved stars. It also provides details about Zw 18’s two dominant star-forming regions. Webb’s new data suggest that the dominant bursts of star formation in these regions occurred at different times. The strongest starburst activity is now believed to have happened more recently in the northwest lobe as compared to the galaxy’s southeast lobe. This is based on the relative populations of younger versus older stars found in each of the lobes.
[Image Description: Many small galaxies are scattered on a black background: mainly, white, oval-shaped and red, spiral galaxies. The image is dominated by a dwarf irregular galaxy, which hosts a bright region of white and blue stars at its core that appear as two distinct lobes. This region is surrounded by brown dusty filaments.]
Credits: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, A. Hirschauer, M. Meixner et al.; CC BY 4.0
This is a Hubble Space Telescope image of the farthest spectroscopically confirmed galaxy observed to date (inset). It was identified in this Hubble image of a field of galaxies in the CANDELS survey (Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey). NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope also observed the unique galaxy. The W. M. Keck Observatory was used to obtain a spectroscopic redshift (z=7.7), extending the previous redshift record. Measurements of the stretching of light, or redshift, give the most reliable distances to other galaxies. This source is thus currently the most distant confirmed galaxy known, and it appears to also be one of the brightest and most massive sources at that time. The galaxy existed over 13 billion years ago. The near-infrared light image of the galaxy (inset) has been colored blue as suggestive of its young, and hence very blue, stars. The CANDELS field is a combination of visible-light and near-infrared exposures.
Read more: www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/astronomers-set-a-new-galaxy...
Credits: NASA, ESA, P. Oesch (Yale U.)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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Using the unique infrared sensitivity of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, researchers can examine ancient galaxies to probe secrets of the early universe. Now, an international team of astronomers has identified bright hydrogen emission from a galaxy in an unexpectedly early time in the universe’s history. The surprise finding is challenging researchers to explain how this light could have pierced the thick fog of neutral hydrogen that filled space at that time.
The Webb telescope discovered the incredibly distant galaxy JADES-GS-z13-1, observed to exist just 330 million years after the big bang, in images taken by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) as part of the James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). Researchers used the galaxy’s brightness in different infrared filters to estimate its redshift, which measures a galaxy’s distance from Earth based on how its light has been stretched out during its journey through expanding space.
This image shows the galaxy JADES GS-z13-1 (the red dot at center), imaged with Webb's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. These data from NIRCam allowed researchers to identify GS-z13-1 as an incredibly distant galaxy, and to put an estimate on its redshift value. Webb’s unique infrared sensitivity is necessary to observe galaxies at this extreme distance, whose light has been shifted into infrared wavelengths during its long journey across the cosmos.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, JADES Collaboration, J. Witstok (University of Cambridge/University of Copenhagen), P. Jakobsen (University of Copenhagen), M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)
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Preliminary Webb science shows galaxies confirmed by spectroscopy to date back to less than 400 million years after the big bang. Spectroscopy refers to breaking light into its components to create spectra, which can be thought of as “barcodes.” On a "barcode," elements and molecules have characteristic signatures we can read.
Because the universe is expanding, the light from distant galaxies is stretched — or redshifted — into longer, infrared wavelengths. We can figure out galaxies’ distances by measuring how much the signatures of elements in their spectra have shifted due to this effect.
Without spectroscopy, it can be hard to confirm how far away a galaxy is, as closer galaxies can “masquerade” as distant ones. To search for the earliest galaxies, scientists looked for a distinct feature in spectra that required Webb’s unprecedented infrared sensitivity to observe.
Finding and confirming early galaxies is a continuous process, and Webb is just getting started. Many more distant galaxies are lined up for Webb to investigate. Read more: blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/12/09/nasas-webb-reaches-new-mil...
Note: Data is from Webb science in progress, which has not yet been peer reviewed.
In this graphic: Using Webb’s NIRCam instrument, scientists observed the field in nine different infrared wavelength ranges. From these images (shown at left), the team searched for faint galaxies that are visible in the infrared but whose spectra abruptly cut off at a critical wavelength known as the Lyman break. Webb’s NIRSpec instrument then yielded a precise measurement of each galaxy’s redshift (shown at right). Four of the galaxies studied are particularly special, as they were revealed to be at an unprecedentedly early epoch. These galaxies date back to less than 400 million years after the big bang, when the universe was only 2% of its current age.
In the background image blue represents light at 1.15 microns (115W), green is 2.0 microns (200W), and red is 4.44 microns (444W). In the cutout images blue is a combination of 0.9 and 1.15 microns (090W+115W), green is 1.5 and 2.0 microns (150W+200W), and red is 2.0, 2.77, and 4.44 microns (200W+277W+444W).
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb). Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), S. Tacchella (Cambridge), E. Curtis-Lake (UOH), S. Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore), JADES Collaboration
Extended image description available here: stsci-opo.org/STScI-01GKSRHS8KWW78PY0ZRGREX8N5.pdf