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Already in December of the year 1678 occurred in the then suburban "Leopoldstadt" the first cases of plague, but they were covered up and trivialized by the authorities. The disease spread rapidly in other suburbs, which were outside the imperial capital. Thus, the poorer classes belonged to its first victims. Although the number of deaths from month to month rose, all warnings and criticisms of pleague doctor, Paul de Sorbait, on the inadequate situation of the medical service and the hygiene remained unheard.
The dedicated physician had already published in January 1679 a "plague-order", which provided extensive measures to protect the population during an outbreak of plague. In this plague-order Paul de Sorbait described the former knowledge about the disease and described it: "the most part of those so caught by it, with bumps, glands, swelling marks or with splenic fever, brown and black spots and kale, pest lumps in addition to great interior heat and within a few days or hours fatally ends".
In July of the same year the "spark of pestilence" (Pestilenzfunken) jumped over the city walls: A terrible and great death began within the city of Vienna. A chronicler reported, "at last she (= plague) but took the audacity, penetrated into the city itself and caused a shocking defeat among the rich and aristocratic nobility in the palaces and stately buildings. There you saw whole carts full of noble and ignoble, rich and poor, young and old of both sexes, carried out by all alleys to the door."
The people in town were full horror and panic: The bodies lay for days on the road, because there was a lack of infirmary servants and gravediggers. Quick released prisoners then took over those services. Instead of single burials large pits were created outside of the city to accommodate the dead in mass graves. Those who could afford it, fled from the city. Emperor Leopold I and his family left Vienna on 17 August. He first went on a pilgrimage to Mariazell (Styria) and then fled to Prague. As there the plague also broke out, he retreated to Linz, where he remained until the final extinction of the plague in 1680.
The exact number of people who died in 1679 from the plague in Vienna probably never will be determined. The gigantic death rates of contemporary reports, oscillating between 70000 and 120000 dead, from the still preserved coroner's reports can not be proved. According to those records, the disease about 8,000 inhabitants would kill. But it is questionable whether in the prevailing confusion all cases of death were reported to the coroners and how many died on the run.
Plague in Vienna
Detail of the woodcut "Dance of Death"
Hans Holbein the Younger
(public domain)
The great dying - The plague or the "Black Death" in Europe
The plague is one of the severe acute bacterial infectious diseases that today already in case of suspicion are reportable. Only a little more than 100 years ago, at the occasion of the plague epidemics in Hong Kong and India set in the modern pest investigation: The Swiss tropical doctor Alexander Yersin discovered in 1894 the plague pathogen: The bacillus received after this researcher the name "Yersina pestis". Already at that time, the science recognized the role of certain rodents in the pathogenesis of plague epidemics and the participation of the rat flea or human flea as possibilities of transmission of plague to humans.
Since ancient times, the plague was one of the heaviest and most frequent epidemics. However, one designated for a long time also other epidemics such as smallpox or dysentery as pest because they equally were associated with high mortality. The term "pest" but meant in a figurative sense misfortune and ruin. The word therefore in the past has been avoided as far as possible, and the historians tried to express it with other words as "tiresome disease", "burning fever" or "contagion" (= contamination, infection).
In the years 1348 to 1352, Europe was overrun by the worst plague in history. The disease, which evolved to become a pneumonic plague, destroyed a third of the population at that time. According to the estimations, thus around 25 million people were fallen victim to the "Black Death". The pneumonic plague was not transmitted by flea bites - like the bubonic pest - but by highly infectious droplets containing bacilli with coughing and sneezing from person to person. In Vienna this plague epidemic reached its peak in 1349.
In the next 400 years followed at irregular intervals ever new plagues and spread fear, terror and death. Effective drugs were missing, and since the disease by the Catholic Church was interpreted as God's punishment, the population put itself under the protection of many plague saints, the Holy Trinity or the Virgin Mary. Eloquent testimonies of those efforts are still churches and chapels, pest altars, pest crosses and plague columns. The adoration of the Holy Trinity in the time of need of the 17th century especially by newly founded religious brotherhoods was disseminated - thus, also in Vienna in 1679 a Trinity Column was erected - the Plague Column at the Graben. As a monument to the last plague in Vienna in 1713 today reminds the Charles Church, which is, however, devoted to the plague saint Charles Borromeo.
As medical measures against a Pest disease recommended doctors sweating cures, bloodletting, chewing of juniper berries or Angelica roots, but also the administration of theriac, a popular drug of the Middle Ages. Frequently, garlic, laurel, rue, and a mixture of sulfur powder are listed in the prescriptions. The recipes, however, differ as to whether they are used for poor or rich Pest patients. One of the few effective medical attendances was the opening of the bumps (buboes) to drain the pus, which also the sufferers felt as a blessing. As a miracle drug was considered the applying of an impaled toad on the bumps, previously put in vinegar or wine bath. Such prepared toads were also attributed great healing power during the plague in 1679 in Vienna.
Quotes:
From Vienna "plague-order" of pest doctor Paul de Sorbait, 1679
"after the experience brings with it that cleanliness is a strange useful and necessary means, both to prevent the intrusion of infection, as well as the same to avert. Herentwegen (= hence) uncleanliness causes such evil and keeps it. So is our earnest command, that firstly no blood, viscera, heads and leggs of the killed cattle, nor herb leaves, crabs, snails, egg shells or other filth (= waste, manure) on those streets and squares (must be) poured out: ditto (Ingleichen) no dead dog, cats or poultry are thrown into the streets, but all of them carried out of the city".
From "Merck's Wienn" of preacher Abraham a Sancta Clara, 1680
"As a whole, there is not a lane or a road wich the raging death had not crossed. Throughout the month, in Vienna and around Vienna one saw nothing else but wearing the dead, conducting the dead, dragging the dead and burying the dead".
"From what the plague was caused but I know all of that/ that this poisonous arrow (= plague) mehristen Theil (= for the most part) from the hand of God is abgetruckt (= shot)/how its diverse testimony proves the divine Scripture (= Bible). From which apparently manifest and obvious/that the pestilence was a ruthe (= rod)/so the sublime hand of God wreaths I trust but leastwise the tree to show /from which God the rod braids. This tree is the sin".
* Song of dear Augustine
Oh du (you) lieber (dear) Augustin
S'money is gone, d'joy is gone,
Oh du lieber Augustin,
Everything is gone!
Oh, and even the rich Vienna
poor now as Augustine
Sighs with me in the same sense
Everything is gone!
Every day otherwise was a feast,
Now what? Plague, the plague!
Now only a huge nest of corpses,
That's the rest!
Oh du lieber Augustin,
Lie only down into the grave you,
Oh my dear Vienna
Everything is gone!
Text source: Rathauskorrespondenz
Plague in Vienna
Plague doctor - through these clothes the doctors during the plague epidemic of 1656 in Rome hoped to protect themselves from the pest contamination. They wore a wax jacket, a type of protective eyewear and gloves. In the beak there were "wolriechende Specerey (odoriferous specialties)".
(public domain)
www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/pestsaeule/pest-i...
Published by Helmbright Brothers, Wheeling, W.Va.
postmarked 1912
- from the postcard collection of the Ohio County Public Library Archives
▶ Visit the Library's Wheeling History website
The photos on the Ohio County Public Library's Flickr site may be freely used by non-commercial entities for educational and/or research purposes as long as credit is given to the "Ohio County Public Library, Wheeling WV." These photos may not be reproduced in any format for profit or other presentation without the permission of The Ohio County Public Library.
Published 1965
Souvenir of Clairol Carousel at the New York World's Fair 1964-65.
Description of the Clairol Carousel:
Ladies can see themselves in various hair colors, view a film on beauty and talk with experts.
Designed for women only, the carousel encloses a revolving turntable, divided into 38 individual booths in which the film is shown. Elsewhere, ladies may peer into a mirrored device to see themselves in several different hair colors, and beauty consultants provide formulas for the colors desired.
Twin Shadow
Music Hall Of Williamsburg
Williamsburg, Brooklyn (NY)
April 1st, 2015
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The Tick was a comic book series created by Ben Edlund in 1988 and originally published in black-and-white by the New England Comics store in Boston, Massachusetts. The series provided modest beginnings for its title character, who would later feature in his own television programs and merchandise. The final plot in the comic was never concluded as Mr Edlund left New England Comics to work on the animated series. He has made it clear he never intends to produce the final, 13th issue. Issue 1
Special edition, stamped with a serial number from 1 to 5000, released March 1988. First edition released June 1988.
Ben Edlund, Writer & Artist; Bob Polio, Art Director; George Suarez, Editor & Publisher.
The Tick is in a padded room, confined by a straitjacket. He is bored and decides he will "leave this place." He ends up in the city on patrol against crime. During his patrol he accidentally encounters a group of ninjas interrogating Shing. The Tick, not realizing that he has encountered a crime in progress, leaves to fight crime, with ninjas, hotly, but artlessly, in pursuit. The Tick ends up in a coffee shop demonstrating to a citizen that he is a Tick by demonstrating his sucking ability through a straw. After losing consciousness, the Tick awakes in a subway tunnel, not realizing where he is. Clark Oppenheimer on a nearby train platform sees the Tick in the tunnel and springs into action to save the doomed citizen. The Tick resists being saved, thinking he is in the belly of a whale and Clark an enlarged enzyme, resulting in the two of them being struck by a train. After being disgorged from the tunnel, somewhat worse for wear, Clark runs off to his job at a local newspaper.
Clark Oppenheimer is a subtle but noticeable parody of Superman.
The full story of the Tick's escape from the asylum is revealed in The Tick: Luny Bin series.
The first panel of page 17 is a recreation of the Edward Hopper painting, Nighthawks. This painting appears many times in Tick comics and in the animated series.
Second edition released March 1989 with four extra pages of the Tick. Appearances from the NEC Newsletter. Third edition released Jun 1989. Fourth edition released December 1989. Fifth edition released April 1991. Sixth edition released January 1995. Seventh edition released April 1996. A Special Edition Reprise, with the same cover as the Special Edition with a second cover wrap and serially numbered 5001-14000, released April 1996. Eighth, 10th anniversary edition, released August 1996. Ninth edition, released March 1998.
I helped give a tour of Mission Control today.
This photo appears in a children's encyclopedic book called "Mission to the Moon" published by Weldon Owen. Pretty cool... I'm pubished!!
www.weldonowen.com/childrens_reference/missiontomoon.html
At Amazon www.amazon.com/Mission-Moon-Book-Alan-Dyer/dp/1416979352/...
Suspended Animation Classic #624 First published December 10, 2000 (#50) (Dates are approximate)
Comics Legend Graham Ingels
By Michael Vance
His was a different world.
His time was different. Born in 1915, Graham Ingels became a comic book artist in 1942 during their first surge in popularity. At sixteen, Ingels had already painted theatrical displays. At twenty, he was active as a freelance artist. After a discharge from the Navy, Ingels produced illustrations for pulp magazines for a year before becoming a comics editor.
His talent was different. It was EC publisher William Gaines and EC artist, writer and editor Al Feldstein who would bring Ingels fame as “Ghastly”. That was his trademark signature on covers and interior stories in EC’s Crime SuspenStories, The Haunt of Fear, The Vault of Horror and Tales from the Crypt. It was his incredible, unique talent that earned Ingels a fame that remains undiminished by time or his death.
Graham Ingels became the greatest horror artist in comic book history. His scratchy, fine lines draped everything he drew in cobwebs, shadows and decadence. A subtle, physical deformity in almost every character, many of who were barely more than parchment flesh stretched over arthritic bone, made his readers’ skin crawl. His Victorian houses tottered on the verge of collapse, and even animals and vegetation smelled of Gothic decay.
He was the master of atmosphere, his settings alone producing more shudders than any gory movie.
Ingles work included: “Lost World”, “Sea Devil”, “Commando Ranger”, “Clipper Kirk”, “Suicide Smith”, “Auro, Lord of Jupiter” (Fiction House, 1942-’49); Heroic #39 (Eastern Color, 1946); covers, Startling, “Lance Lewis”, “Tygra” (Pines, 1947); covers, “The Duke”, Trail Colt, U.S. Marshall (ME, 1048-’49); western, crime, love, horror, sf, New Directions titles (EC, 1948-’56); “Outlaws” (DS, 1948); Waterloo, Classics Illustrated Special Issues (Gilberton); Treasure Chest, western (Pflaum, 1957) and work at Fox Comics (1948).
The work of Graham Ingels is highly recommended.
Some older comics are expensive or difficult to locate. Price guides or comics dealers help. Comics shops, conventions, mail order companies and trade journals are good sources. Prices vary; shop around.
Published by Zenous Mocha · 10 mins ·
{CB} SO RANDOM PANTS FIT
• Fitted Mesh for Maitreya
• Fitted Mesh for Slink - Physique & Hourglass
• Fitted Mesh for Belleza -Freya, Isis, Venus
Has a Hud so you can choose the colors n style of your choice
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Northern%20Lights/32/195/2806
Published in January 1894 by The Historical Publishing Company, author J. W. Buel, this book contains 300 photographs of every aspect of the fair.
The World's Fair: Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. At the core of the fair was an area that quickly became known as the White City for its buildings with white stucco siding and its streets illuminated by electric lights.
Suspended Animation Classic #1,034
First published October 14, 2008 (#41) (Dates are approximate)
Comic Legend John Broome
by Michael Vance
Comics Legend John Broome [1913-99] was a prolific comics writer, and the co-creator of the Green Lantern, The Guardians of the Universe, and Captain Cold and Mr. Element for Flash comics. His science-fiction stories were first published in pulp magazines, but agent and DC editor Julius Schwartz convinced Broome to write for the relatively new artform of comic books.
Broome is considered one of the best writers during the Silver Age of comic books, starting somewhere around 1955. Although he wrote in many different genres, he almost always injected an element or two of science-fiction into his comics stories. When writing science-fiction for comic books, Broome’s strong sense of character, his injection of science into the core of a story, and his story twists made him a master of his art.
His work has often been reprinted in soft- and hardback collections. Broome’s major work includes : DC COMICS--The Atom (’47); Atomic Knights (‘60-’64); Batman (‘64-’69); Big Town (‘51-’58); Captain Comet (‘51-‘54/’71); Charlie Chan (‘58-’59); Dr. Mid-Nite (‘47-’48, ’72-‘74); Elongated Man (‘65-’67); Flash (‘46-‘47) , [2nd version] (‘56-’70, ‘71/’76/’85); Ghost Patrol (’48); Green Arrow (‘59/’61); Green Lantern [1st version] (‘47-’49), [2nd version] (‘59-’70); Hawkman (‘47-’48); Justice Society of America (‘47-’51); Kid Flash (‘60-’63); Mystery in Space (‘51-62); Phantom Stranger (‘52-‘53/’71); Sargon the Sorceror (‘46-’48); Sensation Mystery (‘52-’53); Star Hawkins (‘60-’63); Strange Adventures (‘51-’62); Strange Sports Stories (’63); FAWCETT COMICS: Captain Marvel, (‘42-‘43); Lance O'Casey (’43).
Broome also wrote the comic strip Nero Wolfe (’56-’57). His stories have been reprinted in Mysteries in Space (Simon & Schuster, ‘80), Secret Origins of the Super DC Heroes (Harmony, ’76), Green Lantern and Green Arrow (Coronet, ’72), Batman from the ‘30s to the ‘70s, (Crown Publishing, ’71) and several other collections.
John Broome won the coveted Inkpot Award in 1998. His work is highly recommended.
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Gli Scorpions festeggiano i 50 anni di carriera con un tour chiamato "Return to Forever - 50th Anniversary" l’11 novembre al Mediolanum Forum di Assago.
C'era una volta un gruppo di amici che decise, nella loro Hannover, di fondare un gruppo per unire così l'unica, fortissima passione comune: la musica. Nascono così gli Scorpions, giusto il tempo di fare la storia della musica rock universale e arrivare, oggi, ad annunciare un grande concerto evento per festeggiare cinquant'anni di carriera.
Wind Of Change, oppure Still Loving You, due delle pagine della musica rock firmate Scorpions e che hanno influenzato intere generazioni. Una scalata al successo lenta e costante, da Fly to the rainbow a Love at the first sting, raggiungendo il mondo intero, Giappone compreso, con il loro progetto destinato all'Estremo Oriente Tokyo Tapes. Protagonisti del primissimo Rock in Rio (era il 1980), collaboratori, al fianco di Roger Waters dell'allestimento berlinese di The wall oppure in giro, concerto su concerto, con un lungo tour al fianco di Alice Cooper. Sperimentano suoni techno-pop, dopo più acustici, non sfuggono a concept-album. Tutto questo rappresenta la colonna sonora di un vero successo che compie mezzo secolo.
Tra i massimi esponenti storici del hard & heavy, la band ha venduto in oltre quarant'anni di attività più di 100 milioni di dischi nel mondo ed è considerata come una delle maggiori realtà musicali della storia musicale tedesca e mondiale per i generi hard rock ed heavy metal.
Rudolf Schenker - chitarra
Klaus Meine - voce
Matthias Jabs - chitarra
James Kottak - percussioni
Paweł Mąciwoda - basso
Originally published on Volant Magazine
Photo Simone Chiappinelli
Model Emilio @ NoLogo
Stylist Federica Zangelmi
MUA Valentina Cappelletti
Instagram: www.instagram.com/lord_orph/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/SimoneChiappinelliSC
Steller: steller.co/lord_orph/
Website: www.simonechiappinelli.com/
One of the first published depictions of cyborgs:
“On the moon cyborgs unreel a cable to explosives for a seismic blast. On the front cyborg’s belt, tubes pump chemicals to his blood to control his blood pressure, pulse, energy, tranquility, blood sugar, body temperature, radiation tolerance. Pumps obey sensors like the radiation counter in his left thigh or blood-pressure gauge in his right thigh. His heart, in the X-ray view, sends blood to the implanted converter which remakes oxygen and carbon from carbon dioxide, taking the place of lungs. On the back of the other cyborg are a food supply, master fuel cell, food processor and wastes canister.” [Image description]
“Striding buoyantly across the low-gravity surface of the moon, there may someday be strange new men – part human, part machine – like the ones above. They will have a strange name: CYBORGS (for CYBernetic ORGanisms). Cyborgs, according to a daring new idea, will be men whose body organs and systems are automatically adjusted for life in unearthly environments by artificial organs and senses. Some of these devices will be attached, others implanted by surgery. With their aid cyborgs can dispense with clumsy, easy-to-puncture space suits in which earth conditions are re-created. Instead, they can move about safely wearing not much more than they would at home . . .” [Opening paragraph]
Fred Freeman (1907-1988) was a graphic artist who designed and illustrated books on naval history, space exploration and other subjects. He was a successful commercial artist in New York City from the late 1920's through the 30's, doing many illustrations and magazine covers for publications including The Saturday Evening Post and Collier's.
After serving in the United States Navy during World War II, he turned mainly to book design and illustration. He illustrated books on submarines and destroyers from World War II, for the United States Naval Institute. In 1956, with Theodore Roscoe, he designed the ''Picture History of the U.S. Navy,'' published by Charles Scribner's Sons. In 1960, he illustrated a children's book, ''First Men to the Moon,'' written by the scientist, Werner von Braun.
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follow me on www.sergione.info
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this page without written permission and consent.
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Dopo aver pubblicato il nuovo album “A Dying Machine” lo scorso luglio e aver calcato alcuni palchi europei di spalla ad Iron Maiden, Tremonti, la band di Mark Tremonti, chitarrista di Alter Bridge, intraprenderà un tour da headliner. L'Italia ama tutto il mondo connesso ad Alter Bridge e anche questa volta, con la band guidata dal buon Mark, sarà un successo: l’8 novembre ai Magazzini Generali di Milano.
Ha studiato alla Detroit Public School creandosi molte amicizie. Successivamente, per varie ragioni, la famiglia di Mark decise di trasferirsi a Wilmette, nell'Illinois, dove il ragazzo dovette nuovamente ricominciare a fare amicizie. All'età di 11 anni Mark iniziò ad ascoltare musica hard rock e metal come i KISS, i Celtic Frost e i Metallica e nel 1985 comprò la sua prima chitarra. Mark si iscrisse a una scuola di chitarra che però lasciò dopo poco tempo a causa di incomprensioni con l'insegnante, diventando così un autodidatta. Tremonti era ancora un teenager quando a sua madre fu diagnosticato il Lupus eritematoso sistemico. La notizia lo colpì notevolmente e lo portò a chiudersi in sé stesso. Nel 1990 si trasferì con i familiari a Orlando, Florida dove ben presto iniziò a fumare e a portare magliette dei Megadeth invece che l'uniforme scolastica. Durante questo periodo Mark incontrò per la prima volta Scott Stapp.
Mark si iscrisse all'università, continuando a dividere le sue giornate tra studio e chitarra. Intanto, diventato grande amico di Scott, decise con lo stesso di fondare una band. Dopo un'audizione i due ingaggiarono Scott Phillips come batterista e Brian Marshall come bassista fondando i "Naked Toddler". Brian Marshall aveva però fatto parte di una band ormai sciolta chiamata Creed e propose così di rinominare la band con questo nome. I Creed pubblicarono il loro primo album My Own Prison nel 1997 il quale, grazie al suo successo, gli permise di pubblicare:
8 singoli
3 album vincitori del disco di Platino:
My Own Prison - 6 volte platino
Human Clay - 10 volte platino e diamante
Weathered - 6 volte platino
Il 27 aprile è rientrato assieme agli altri membri nei Creed che presto pubblicheranno un nuovo album.
Mark Tremonti - Vocals/Guitar
Eric Friedman - Backing Vocals/Guitar
Garrett Whitlock - Drums
Tanner Keegan – Bass
(further information and pictures you can get by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Mariahilferstraße
Mariahilferstraße, 6th, 7th, 14th and 15th, since 1897 (in the 6th and 7th district originally Kremser Sraße, then Bavarian highway, Laimgrubner main road, Mariahilfer main street, Fünfhauserstraße, Schönbrunnerstraße and Penzinger Poststraße, then Schönbrunner Straße), in memory of the old suburb name; Mariahilf was an independent municipality from 1660 to 1850, since then with Gumpendorf, Magdalenengrund, Windmühle and Laimgrube 6th District.
From
aeiou - the cultural information system of the bm: bwk
14,000 key words and 2000 pictures from history, geography, politics and business in Austria
Mariahilferstraße, 1908 - Wien Museum
Mariahilferstraße, 1908
Picture taken from "August Stauda - A documentarian of old Vienna"
published by Christian Brandstätter - to Book Description
History
Pottery and wine
The first ones who demonstrably populated the area of today's Mariahilferstraße (after the mammoth) were the Illyrians. They took advantage of the rich clay deposits for making simple vessels. The Celts planted on the sunny hills the first grape vines and understood the wine-making process very well. When the Romans occupied at the beginning of our Era Vienna for several centuries, they left behind many traces. The wine culture of the Celts they refined. On the hill of today's Mariahilferstraße run a Roman ridge trail, whose origins lay in the camp of Vindobona. After the rule of the Romans, the migration of peoples temporarily led many cultures here until after the expulsion of the Avars Bavarian colonists came from the West.
The peasant Middle Ages - From the vineyard to the village
Thanks to the loamy soil formed the winery, which has been pushed back only until the development of the suburbs, until the mid-17th Century the livelihood of the rural population. "Im Schöff" but also "Schöpf - scoop" and "Schiff - ship" (from "draw of") the area at the time was called. The erroneous use of a ship in the seal of the district is reminiscent of the old name, which was then replaced by the picture of grace "Mariahilf". The Weinberg (vineyard) law imposed at that time that the ground rent in the form of mash on the spot had to be paid. This was referred to as a "draw".
1495 the Mariahilfer wine was added to the wine disciplinary regulations for Herrenweine (racy, hearty, fruity, pithy wine with pleasant acidity) because of its special quality and achieved high prices.
1529 The first Turkish siege
Mariahilferstraße, already than an important route to the West, was repeatedly the scene of historical encounters. When the Turks besieged Vienna for the first time, was at the lower end of today Mariahilferstrasse, just outside the city walls of Vienna, a small settlement of houses and cottages, gardens and fields. Even the St. Theobald Monastery was there. This so-called "gap" was burned at the approach of the Turks, for them not to offer hiding places at the siege. Despite a prohibition, the area was rebuilt after departure of the Turks.
1558, a provision was adopted so that the glacis, a broad, unobstructed strip between the city wall and the outer settlements, should be left free. The Glacis existed until the demolition of the city walls in 1858. Here the ring road was later built.
1663 The new Post Road
With the new purpose of the Mariahilferstrasse as post road the first three roadside inn houses were built. At the same time the travel increased, since the carriages were finally more comfortable and the roads safer. Two well-known expressions date from this period. The "tip" and "kickbacks". In the old travel handbooks of that time we encounter them as guards beside the route, the travel and baggage tariff. The tip should the driver at the rest stop pay for the drink, while the bribe was calculated in proportion to the axle grease. Who was in a hurry, just paid a higher lubricant (Schmiergeld) or tip to motivate the coachman.
1683 The second Turkish siege
The second Turkish siege brought Mariahilferstraße the same fate. Meanwhile, a considerable settlement was formed, a real suburb, which, however, still had a lot of fields and brick pits. Again, the suburb along the Mariahilferstraße was razed to the ground, the population sought refuge behind the walls or in the Vienna Woods. The reconstruction progressed slowly since there was a lack of funds and manpower. Only at the beginning of the 18th Century took place a targeted reconstruction.
1686 Palais Esterhazy
On several "Brandstetten", by the second Turkish siege destroyed houses, the Hungarian aristocratic family Esterhazy had built herself a simple palace, which also had a passage on the Mariahilferstrasse. 1764 bought the innkeeper Paul Winkelmayr from Spittelberg the building, demolished it and built two new buildings that have been named in accordance with the Esterhazy "to the Hungarian crown."
17th Century to 19th Century. Fom the village to suburb
With the development of the settlements on the Mariahilferstraße from village to suburbs, changed not only the appearance but also the population. More and more agricultural land fell victim to the development, craftsmen and tradesmen settled there. There was an incredible variety of professions and trades, most of which were organized into guilds or crafts. Those cared for vocational training, quality and price of the goods, and in cases of unemployment, sickness and death.
The farms were replaced by churches and palaces, houses and shops. Mariahilf changed into a major industrial district, Mariahilferstrasse was an important trading center. Countless street traders sold the goods, which they carried either with them, or put in a street stall on display. The dealers made themselves noticeable by a significant Kaufruf (purchase call). So there was the ink man who went about with his bottles, the Wasserbauer (hydraulic engineering) who sold Danube water on his horse-drawn vehicle as industrial water, or the lavender woman. This lovely Viennese figures disappeared with the emergence of fixed premises and the improvement of urban transport.
Private carriages, horse-drawn carriages and buggies populated the streets, who used this route also for trips. At Mariahilferplatz Linientor (gate) was the main stand of the cheapest and most popular means of transport, the Zeiselwagen, which the Wiener used for their excursions into nature, which gradually became fashionable. In the 19th Century then yet arrived the Stellwagen (carriage) and bus traffic which had to accomplish the connection between Vienna and the suburbs. As a Viennese joke has it, suggests the Stellwagen that it has been so called because it did not come from the spot.
1719 - 1723 Royal and Imperial Court Stables
Emperor Charles VI. gave the order for the construction of the stables to Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. 1772 the building was extended by two houses on the Mariahilferstrasse. The size of the stables still shows, as it serves as the Museum Quarter - its former importance. The Mariahilferstraße since the building of Schönbrunn Palace by the Imperial court very strongly was frequented. Today in the historic buildings the Museum Quarter is housed.
The church and monastery of Maria Hülff
Coloured engraving by J. Ziegler, 1783
1730 Mariahilferkirche
1711 began the renovation works at the Mariahilferkirche, giving the church building today's appearance and importance as a baroque monument. The plans stem from Franziskus Jänkl, the foreman of Lukas von Hildebrandt. Originally stood on the site of the Mariahilferkirche in the medieval vineyard "In Schoeff" a cemetery with wooden chapel built by the Barnabites. Already in those days, the miraculous image Mariahilf was located therein. During the Ottoman siege the chapel was destroyed, the miraculous image could be saved behind the protective walls. After the provisional reconstruction the miraculous image in a triumphal procession was returned, accompanied by 30,000 Viennese.
1790 - 1836 Ferdinand Raimund
Although in the district Mariahilf many artists and historical figures of Vienna lived , it is noticeable that as a residence they rather shunned the Mariahilferstraße, because as early as in the 18th Century there was a very lively and loud bustle on the street. The most famous person who was born on the Mariahilferstrasse is the folk actor and dramatist Ferdinand Raimund. He came in the house No. 45, "To the Golden deer (Zum Goldenen Hirschen)", which still exists today, as son of a turner into the world. As confectioners apprentice, he also had to visit the theaters, where he was a so-called "Numero", who sold his wares to the visitors. This encounter with the theater was fateful. He took flight from his training masters and joined a traveling troupe as an actor. After his return to Vienna, he soon became the most popular comedian. In his plays all those figures appeared then bustling the streets of Vienna. His most famous role was that of the "ash man" in "Farmer as Millionaire", a genuine Viennese guy who brings the wood ash in Butte from the houses, and from the proceeds leading a modest existence.
1805 - 1809 French occupation
The two-time occupation of Vienna by the French hit the suburbs hard. But the buildings were not destroyed fortunately.
19th century Industrialization
Here, where a higher concentration of artisans had developed as in other districts, you could feel the competition of the factories particularly hard. A craftsman after another became factory worker, women and child labor was part of the day-to-day business. With the sharp rise of the population grew apartment misery and flourished bed lodgers and roomers business.
1826
The Mariahilferstraße is paved up to the present belt (Gürtel).
1848 years of the revolution
The Mariahilferstraße this year was in turmoil. At the outbreak of the revolution, the hatred of the people was directed against the Verzehrungssteuerämter (some kind of tax authority) at the lines that have been blamed for the rise of food prices, and against the machines in the factories that had made the small craftsmen out of work or dependent workers. In October, students, workers and citizens tore up paving stones and barricaded themselves in the Mariahilfer Linientor (the so-called Linienwall was the tax frontier) in the area of today's belt.
1858 The Ring Road
The city walls fell and on the glacis arose the ring-road, the now 6th District more closely linking to the city center.
1862 Official naming
The Mariahilferstraße received its to the present day valid name, after it previously was bearing the following unofficial names: "Bavarian country road", "Mariahilfer Grund Straße", "Penzinger Street", "Laimgrube main street" and "Schönbrunner Linienstraße".
The turn of the century: development to commercial street
After the revolution of 1848, the industry displaced the dominant small business rapidly. At the same time the Mariahilferstraße developed into the first major shopping street of Vienna. The rising supply had to be passed on to the customer, and so more and more new shops sprang up. Around the turn of the century broke out a real building boom. The low suburban houses with Baroque and Biedermeier facade gave way to multi-storey houses with flashy and ostentatious facades in that historic style mixture, which was so characteristic of the late Ringstrasse period. From the former historic buildings almost nothing remained. The business portals were bigger and more pompous, the first department stores in the modern style were Gerngross and Herzmansky. Especially the clothing industry took root here.
1863 Herzmansky opened
On 3 March opened August Herzmansky a small general store in the Church Lane (Kirchengasse) 4. 1897 the great establishment in the pin alley (Stiftgasse) was opened, the largest textile company of the monarchy. August Herzmansky died a year before the opening, two nephews take over the business. In 1928, Mariahilferstraße 28 is additionally acquired. 1938, the then owner Max Delfiner had to flee, the company Rhonberg and Hämmerle took over the house. The building in Mariahilferstrasse 30 additionally was purchased. In the last days of the war in 1945 it fell victim to the flames, however. 1948, the company was returned to Max Delfiner, whose son sold in 1957 to the German Hertie group, a new building in Mariahilferstrasse 26 - 30 constructing. Other ownership changes followed.
1869 The Pferdetramway
The Pferdetramway made it first trip through the Mariahilferstraße to Neubaugasse.
Opened in 1879 Gerngroß
Mariahilferstraße about 1905
Alfred Gerngross, a merchant from Bavaria and co-worker August
Herzmanskys, founded on Mariahilferstrasse 48/corner Church alley (Kirchengasse) an own fabric store. He became the fiercest competitor of his former boss.
1901 The k.k. Imperial Furniture Collection
The k.k. Hofmobilien and material depot is established in Mariahilferstrasse 88. The collection quickly grew because each new ruler got new furniture. Today, it serves as a museum. Among other things, there is the office of Emperor Franz Joseph, the equipment of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico from Miramare Castle, the splendid table of Charles VI. and the furniture from the Oriental Cabinet of Crown Prince Rudolf.
1911 The House Stafa
On 18 August 1911, on the birthday of Emperor Franz Joseph, corner Mariahilferstraße/imperial road (Kaiserstraße) the "central palace" was opened. The construction by its architecture created a sensation. Nine large double figure-relief panels of Anton Hanak decorated it. In this building the "1st Vienna Commercial sample collective department store (Warenmuster-Kollektivkaufhaus)", a eight-storey circular building was located, which was to serve primarily the craft. The greatest adversity in the construction were underground springs. Two dug wells had to be built to pump out the water. 970 liters per minute, however, must be pumped out until today.
1945 bombing of Vienna
On 21 February 1945 bombs fell on the Mariahilferstrasse, many buildings were badly damaged. On 10th April Wiener looted the store Herzmansky. Ella Fasser, the owner of the café "Goethe" in Mariahilferstrasse, preserved the Monastery barracks (Stiftskaserne) from destruction, with the help other resistance fighters cutting the fire-conducting cords that had laid the retreating German troops. Meanwhile, she invited the officers to the cafe, and befuddled them with plenty of alcohol.
The Postcard
A postally unused cartolina postale that was published by Garami of Milan. The card was printed in Italy.
History of The Bikini
The bikini was introduced in modern times by French engineer Louis Réard and fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946.
Réard was a car engineer, but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie business in Paris. Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume.
It comprised two pieces, the lower large enough to cover its wearer's navel.
Bikini Atoll
Réard named his swimsuit the 'bikini', taking the name from Bikini Atoll where the testing of the new atomic bomb was taking place that summer.
The Atoll's inhabitants were forced off the island prior to the testing, and high radiation levels mean that the Atoll remains uninhabited to this day.
The Launch of the Bikini
Réard found that no model was prepared to wear his bikini, so he hired 19-year-old nude dancer Micheline Bernardini to model it at the Molitor swimming pool in Paris for the unveiling in 1946.
Micheline received more than 50,000 fan letters after photos of her were published wearing the new style. However there was also criticism from people who thought the bikini was too revealing and sexual.
The bikini first went on sale on the 5th. July 1946, and after a slow start, soon became the most popular beachwear for women across the globe, with the bottom half becoming much smaller than its original size (above the navel as in the photograph), along with the top half.
The Bikini
The postcard appears to have been published during the early stages of the development of the bikini.
The bikini was introduced in modern times by French engineer Louis Réard and fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946.
Réard was a car engineer, but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie business in Paris. Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume.
It comprised two pieces, the lower large enough to cover its wearer's navel.
Bikini Atoll
Réard named his swimsuit the 'bikini', taking the name from Bikini Atoll where the testing of the new atomic bomb was taking place that summer.
The Atoll's inhabitants were forced off the island prior to the testing, and high radiation levels mean that the Atoll remains uninhabited to this day.
The Launch of the Bikini
Réard found that no model was prepared to wear his bikini, so he hired 19-year-old nude dancer Micheline Bernardini to model it at the Molitor swimming pool in Paris for the unveiling in 1946. Micheline received more than 50,000 fan letters after photos of her were published wearing the new style. However there was also criticism from people who thought the bikini was too revealing and sexual.
The bikini first went on sale on the 5th. July 1946, and after a slow start, soon became the most popular beachwear for women across the globe, with the bottom half becoming much smaller than its original size, along with the top half.
Early Roman Bikinis
The bikini's first appearance was long before the 1940's.
Bikini Girls are featured in a mosaic in the Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily, a large agricultural estate that was probably owned by a member of the Roman Senate or, possibly, Emperor Maximian (who was Roman emperor from 286 to 305).
The room is named after the mosaic and is referred to as the Sala delle Dieci Ragazze (“Room of the Ten Maidens”).
Of the ten women depicted in the mosaic, nine wear what look like two-piece bathing suits. The girls in the mosaic are engaged in sports; the “bikinis” are clearly intended as sportswear, not swimwear. The girls in the ancient Roman villa are engaged in a number of activities, such as long jumping with weights in their hands, throwing discus, running, and playing a form of handball.
Contrary to popular belief, women in the Roman Empire participated in sports shows. Upper-class women were granted some personal freedoms in the realms of entertainment and leisure, often frequenting bathhouses, racetracks, theaters, and even gladiator stadia with their husbands.
However, there were some rules. For example, women were not allowed to compete with men. Female public nudity was not welcome. The ancient “bikini” allowed women to exercise comfortably.
The bikini-style bottom was a wrapped loincloth made of cloth or leather. In Ancient Rome, it was called a subligaculum. The top part of the “bikini” worn by these girls consists of a breast band (called a strophium). These breast bands were often made of linen.
They may have been used to flatten big breasts by being wrapped several times round the body, and sometimes they were padded to make them similar to contemporary push-up bras.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard published by the Photochrom Co. Ltd. The card has a divided back.
The Photochrom Co. Ltd.
The Photochrom Co. Ltd. of London and Royal Tunbridge Wells originally produced Christmas cards before becoming a major publisher and printer of tourist albums, guide books, and postcards.
These mainly captured worldwide views as real photos, or were printed in black & white, monochrome, and color.
They also published many advertising, comic, silhouette, novelty, panoramic, and notable artist-signed cards in named series as well. The huge number of titles that Photochrom produced may well exceed 40,000.
In 1896 they took over Fussli’s London office established three years earlier, and began publishing similar photo-chromolithographic postcards after securing the exclusive English licence for the Swiss photochrom process.
This technique was used to produce a great number of view-cards of both England and Europe. While they captured the same fine details as the Swiss prints, their colours were much softer and reduced.
Apart from their better known photochroms, they produced their Celesque series of view-cards printed in tricolor.
One of the largest unnamed series that Photochrom produced was of view-cards printed in brown rotogravure. Many of these cards were simply hand coloured with a dominant red and blue, which gives these cards a distinct appearance. They are similar to cards produced in their Photogravure and Velvet Finish Series.
Photochrom postcard series include:
-- Night Series - Line block halftone over a blue tint depicting London.
-- Carbofoto Series - Black & white real photo cards.
-- Sepiatone Series - Sepia real photo cards.
-- Grano Series - View-cards printed in black & white.
-- Exclusive Photo-Color Series - View-cards printed in colour.
-- Duotype Process Series - View-cards printed in two tones.
The Pantiles
The Pantiles is a Georgian colonnade in the town of Royal Tunbridge Wells. Formerly known as The Walks and the (Royal) Parade, it leads from the well that gave the town its name. The area was created following the discovery of a chalybeate spring in the early 17th century, and is now a popular tourist attraction.
The Pantiles today includes a variety of specialist shops, art galleries, cafés, restaurants and bars as well as a Farmers market held outside every other Saturday. Throughout the summer jazz bands play outside on the bandstand attracting hundreds of people.
The Chalybeate Spring
The chalybeate spring is situated at the north-eastern end of The Pantiles. The spring is overlooked by the Dipper's Hall. The waters are rich in iron, giving them a unique taste.
Tourists can sample the spring water which is served by costumed 'Dippers' every summer.
The Development of the Wells
Dudley Lord North, a distinguished courtier during the reign of King James I, discovered the waters in 1606. Having lived a fashionably excessive lifestyle, he retired to the countryside (in nearby Eridge) in an unsuccessful attempt to repair his health.
Travelling through woodland on his return to London, he discovered the waters and decided to try them. He found his health completely restored, and lived to the age of 80.
With public interest aroused, Lord Abergavenny cleared the area of brushwood, sank wells and surrounded them with stone paving and railings. The waters subsequently attracted other visitors, who also claimed their health to be restored.
Although few in number, due to the lack of accommodation nearby (at this time, the nearest being in Tunbridge (now Tonbridge), some 5 miles to the north), the visitors were of high social standing. They included Henrietta Maria of France, wife of King Charles I, six weeks after the birth of her son (later to become King Charles II) whose party camped in opulent tents erected at Bishops Down, due to the lack of nearby lodgings.
Originally referred to as Frant Wells, they were later renamed Queen Mary’s Wells, in honour of Queen Mary II, and were only later given the present name of Tunbridge Wells.
The Upper and Lower Walks were created in 1638, when an existing bank of earth stretching south-west from the wells was levelled and planted with a double row of trees. Wooden buildings were constructed on both sides of the Walks.
Post-Restoration Development
The wells were neglected and almost forgotten during the English civil wars. Following the Restoration, several improvements were made to the immediate area, including construction of an assembly room and bowling green.
In 1664, following a dangerous illness, the queen (Catherine of Braganza) was ordered to drink the waters, increasing their popularity.
In 1687, a fire destroyed the wooden buildings located on either side of the Walks. The buildings were later rebuilt with the colonnades which give the Pantiles its distinctive character today. By 1697, coffee houses had been developed in the area.
Background to the name 'Pantiles'
In 1700 the Upper Walks were paved with pantiles.
The pantiles used to pave the Upper Walks should not be confused with roofing pantiles. The paving installed there comprised one-inch thick square tiles made from heavy wealden clay, so named because they were shaped in a wooden pan before firing.
In 1793 the pantiles were mostly removed and substituted with stone flagging – the region was then called The Parade.
In 1887 the old name was revived.
Events
The Pantiles hosts various festivals during the year, including a food festival, a music festival featuring local bands, a fashion market and an open air art exhibition.
During the summer, the Pantiles hosts a jazz season, featuring free outdoor jazz concerts on Thursday evenings where musicians play on the historic bandstand.
Cultural References to the Pantiles
The Pantiles was used as a filming location for the 1967 musical 'Half a Sixpence' starring Tommy Steele and Julia Foster.
In 1991 it was used as a backdrop for the band World Of Twist, on the cover of their debut album, 'Quality Street', with the group dressed in period costume.
In 2007 it was used in a Christmas television advert for the Morrisons supermarket chain starring the singer Lulu. This caused some local grumbling because Morrisons had only recently closed their Tunbridge Wells store.
Undaunted, Morrisons returned to the Pantiles for their 2009 Christmas advert starring Richard Hammond and Denise van Outen.
This photograph was published in the Illustrated Chronicle on the 3rd of January 1916.
During the Great War the Illustrated Chronicle published photographs of soldiers and sailors from Newcastle and the North East of England, which had been in the news. The photographs were sent in by relatives and give us a glimpse into the past.
The physical collection held by Newcastle Libraries comprises bound volumes of the newspaper from 1910 to 1925. We are keen to find out more about the people in the photographs. If you recognise anyone in the images and have any stories or information to add please comment below.
Copies of this photograph may be ordered from us, for more information see: www.newcastle.gov.uk/tlt Please make a note of the image reference number above to help speed up your order.
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The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published by the Photochrom Co. Ltd. They state on the divided back of the card that it is an all-British production.
The Photochrom Co. Ltd.
The Photochrom Co. Ltd. of London and Royal Tunbridge Wells originally produced Christmas cards before becoming a major publisher and printer of tourist albums, guide books, and postcards.
These mainly captured worldwide views as real photos, or were printed in black & white, monochrome, and color.
They also published many advertising, comic, silhouette, novelty, panoramic, and notable artist-signed cards in named series as well. The huge number of titles that Photochrom produced may well exceed 40,000.
In 1896 they took over Fussli’s London office established three years earlier, and began publishing similar photo-chromolithographic postcards after securing the exclusive English licence for the Swiss photochrom process.
This technique was used to produce a great number of view-cards of both England and Europe. While they captured the same fine details as the Swiss prints, their colours were much softer and reduced.
Apart from their better known photochroms, they produced their Celesque series of view-cards printed in tricolor.
One of the largest unnamed series that Photochrom produced was of view-cards printed in brown rotogravure. Many of these cards were simply hand coloured with a dominant red and blue, which gives these cards a distinct appearance. They are similar to cards produced in their Photogravure and Velvet Finish Series.
Photochrom postcard series include:
-- Night Series - Line block halftone over a blue tint depicting London.
-- Carbofoto Series - Black & white real photo cards.
-- Sepiatone Series - Sepia real photo cards.
-- Grano Series - View-cards printed in black & white.
-- Exclusive Photo-Color Series - View-cards printed in colour.
-- Duotype Process Series - View-cards printed in two tones.
The Cumberland Hotel
The building on the left is the enormous Cumberland Hotel.
The www.kzwp.com/ website created by Kattie Zion has a detailed history of the Cumberland Hotel building. She writes that:
"In 1901 the island site bounded by Oxford Street, Old Quebec Street, Bryanston Street and Great Cumberland Place, was progressively acquired by Joseph Lyons for the erection of the Cumberland Hotel.
The Cumberland project was formidable. The excavations alone entailed the removal of over 100,000 cubic yards of material, during which historical relics from all periods were unearthed. All building work was carried out by Lyons' own staff.
The Cumberland Hotel featured all the latest developments of comfort. It was sound-proofed, double glazed, air conditioned, and all 900 bed-rooms had their own en-suite. All air entering the hotel was filtered, including the supply to the kitchen areas. Here the exhaust was treated in order to eradicate cooking smells.
The structure consisted of thirteen floors, ten of them above ground and three below. Part of the hotel backbone was an enormous 100-ton girder which required the world's largest lorry to convey it. Fifteen thousand tons of steel-work was used in the hotel's construction. Four hundred thousand square feet of 'Empire grown timber' was used in the making of bedroom furniture.
The Cumberland Hotel officially opened its doors on the 12th. December 1933.
Two thousand staff were employed at the hotel, and a specially built annex provided accommodation for 300 girls who slept in single or double rooms. There was one bath to every four girls, and they ate in their own restaurant on the ground floor of the annex."
The Cumberland has seen many famous guests over the years; in the music world these include Bob Dylan, Diana Ross, Jimi Hendrix and Buddy Holly.
In the Spring of 2019 the hotel changed its name to the Hard Rock Hotel, but reverted back to the Cumberland name four years later in May 2023.
The 2014 Cumberland Hotel Hammer Attack
In April 2014 the Cumberland Hotel was the scene of a devastating hammer attack.
Three sisters, Ohoud, Khaloud and Fatima Al-Najjar were staying in adjoining rooms at the Cumberland Hotel in Marble Arch, when Philip Spence hit all three of them violently with a claw hammer.
Spence was able to enter their seventh floor room, which was not locked, after he walked in off the street.
Philip Spence
Thirty-three year old Philip Spence from Harlesden in north-west London carried out his attack in front of Khaloud’s three children, aged seven, ten and twelve.
He hit one of his victims, Ohoud al-Najjar, 34, with such force that her skull split open as her nine-year-old nephew cowered under the sheets next to her.
Spence was permanently excluded from school at the age of eight, smoked cannabis from the age of 11, and was addicted to crack cocaine and heroin by 18.
Spence’s history of violence includes chasing his landlord with a hammer and punching a woman at council offices in 2007, as well as biting a passer-by in 2011.
Spence has 37 convictions for 62 offences dating back to 1993.
The three women left their hotel rooms unlocked on the night of the attack in order to allow a fourth sister to return later in the evening.
The fourth sister, Sheika al-Mheiri, on returning discovered her sisters lying injured on the floor, with blood spattered on the walls.
Spence had fled the scene with a suitcase stuffed with iPads, gold jewellery and mobile phones, having dumped the hammer just outside the hotel.
CCTV footage captured Spence on a bus examining items that he had stolen from the women after his attack.
The Criminal Trial
A year later at his criminal trial, Spence’s barrister, William Nash, said in mitigation that his client had consumed a large amount of drugs at the time of the attack:
“He didn’t know of any other crackhead
as big as him. He can’t forgive himself.
He describes himself as being a totally
different person. He is not unempathetic.”
Nevertheless Spence was convicted of three counts of attempted murder.
The "hotel creeper" was initially ordered to serve life with a minimum of 18 years, but this was increased to 27 years on appeal.
The High Court Case
The BBC provided the following information on the 7th. May 2019 relating to the attack and its legal consequences:
"Three sisters who suffered devastating injuries in a hammer attack by a thief are suing the owners of the London hotel where it happened.
At the start of the case at the High Court, lawyers described the injuries to the women, who were from Abu Dhabi in the UAE:
-- Ohoud was left with five per cent brain capacity, and will require care for the rest of her life.
-- Khaloud has had 20 operations to rebuild her head and face.
-- Fatima cannot taste or smell, and has problems with her memory.
Spence admitted the attack,, but denied attempted murder.
The family's barrister, Susan Rodway, said that Spence - who had a history of sneaking into hotel rooms to steal - had "great knowledge and familiarity" of the Cumberland Hotel.
She said that he told his criminal trial he was a regular intruder at the hotel, and had even been able to sleep in maids' cupboards.
She added that security "failures" led Spence to directly target the hotel, where he knew he could make an easy buck from the rich pickings there.
The court heard that it was "well-known" to the hotel that it was common for Middle Eastern guests to leave doors on the latch in order to enable family members to go between rooms.
The hotel's owners deny liability, arguing that by leaving their door open, the women voluntarily assumed the obvious risk of allowing anyone to enter the room while they were asleep inside.
Neil Block QC, for the hotel, said in a written submission:
"Each guest room was fitted with a heavy duty
fire door with efficient self-closers and automatic
locks, deadlocks, security chains and spy-glasses.
The rooms were designed so that guests could
not leave them open accidentally."
He said that after the incident, police tested a closed bedroom door, and found it impossible to gain access with a hammer similar to that used by Mr Spence.
Ms Rodway said that the hotel's CCTV system was "purely reactive" and that:
"it was clearly only there to enable review
should an incident occur, but not to enable
any anticipation or prevention of an incident".
But Mr Block said the fact that there was no system for live monitoring of all 130 CCTV cameras at the hotel "was, and indeed remains, the norm for similar hotels".
He concluded:
"But for the deliberate interference with
the door's locking mechanism, the attack
would not have occurred."
The case is expected to last for two weeks."
The High Court Judgement
On Friday the 21st. June 2019, the High Court judge Mr. Justice Dingemans ruled that:
"There was no liability on the part of the
Cumberland Hotel to Ohoud, Khaloud
and Fatima for the attack carried out by
Mr Spence".
He said that the case raised issues about whether a hotel proprietor owes a duty to guests to take reasonable care to protect against injury caused by the criminal actions of third parties, and if so whether the duty was breached in this case.
Dingemans concluded that there was such a duty of care, but based on the facts of the case, there was no breach of that duty.
The judge said that:
"The hotel acted with reasonable care to
protect guests at the hotel against injury
caused by the criminal acts of third parties".
However Khaloud and Fatima said in a statement after the ruling:
"Re-living the horrors of that terrifying night
where we almost lost our lives has been
extremely traumatic for us to endure, and
we are devastated that it has all been for
nothing.
We lost our sister, and our lives were
changed forever when we were attacked
by Spence in the privacy of our own room."
Khaloud and Fatima said that they felt the decision was "a travesty" and that "justice has not been done".
A spokeswoman for the owner of the Cumberland, GLH Hotels, said after the ruling:
"We believe today's judgement is the
correct outcome.
Regardless, the al Najjar family's
experience was deeply shocking and
wholly unprecedented and we reiterate
our heartfelt concern for their well-being
as they continue to receive all necessary
support."
Published by Amberley. In collaboration with my friend in Israel, Alon Siton. British steam locomotives are beautiful and foreign ones are not ;)
This photograph was published in the Illustrated Chronicle on the 9th of September 1915.
During the Great War the Illustrated Chronicle published photographs of soldiers and sailors from Newcastle and the North East of England, which had been in the news. The photographs were sent in by relatives and give us a glimpse into the past.
The physical collection held by Newcastle Libraries comprises bound volumes of the newspaper from 1910 to 1925. We are keen to find out more about the people in the photographs. If you recognise anyone in the images and have any stories and information to add please comment below.
Copies of this photograph may be ordered from us, for more information see: www.newcastle.gov.uk/tlt Please make a note of the image reference number above to help speed up your order.
This photograph was published in the Illustrated Chronicle on the 11th of November 1915.
During the Great War the Illustrated Chronicle published photographs of soldiers and sailors from Newcastle and the North East of England, which had been in the news. The photographs were sent in by relatives and give us a glimpse into the past.
The physical collection held by Newcastle Libraries comprises bound volumes of the newspaper from 1910 to 1925. We are keen to find out more about the people in the photographs. If you recognise anyone in the images please comment below.
Copies of this photograph may be ordered from us, for more information see: www.newcastle.gov.uk/tlt Please make a note of the image reference number above to help speed up your order.
I recently published a shot of Audrey after she played in the mud and heat and was in a nasty mood. The photo was so hilariously awful that I owe her this one. It's shot into the sun with fill-in flash, mildly tweeked in Lightroom.
Advertisement published in the magazine "l'Illustration" dedicated to the 1928 motor show.
The brand, which sold very little in France, was then known as the symbol of the American luxury car.
Annonce publicitaire publiée dans la revue "l'Illustration" consacrée au salon de l'automobile de 1928.
La marque, très peu vendue en France, était alors connue comme le symbole de la voiture Américaine de Grand Luxe.
Pages from 'The Haworth Water-Wolf and other Yorkshire Stories' by Ian Dewhirst, published by The Ridings Publishing Company in 1967. These pages include 'Keighley War Hospitals' about the roles Morton Banks, Victoria Hospital and Fell Lane Infirmary played during the First World War.
Ian Dewhirst (1936-2019) was an acclaimed local historian. He made an invaluable contribution to preserving, cataloguing and recounting the history of the town. During his life he wrote many articles and books on the town, and gave thousands of talks and tours to various societies and groups, including the History Society. He was born in Keighley in 1936. He went to Keighley Boys’ Grammar School where his talent for poetry flourished and saw various poems published in the school magazine ‘The Keighlian’. He graduated from the University of Manchester in 1958 with a degree in English. He did his National Service as a Sergeant-Instructor in the Royal Army Educational Corps from 1958 to 1960.
He started working at Keighley Library in 1960 and was promoted to Reference Librarian in 1967, a role he fulfilled until retirement in 1991. During that time he wrote ‘A History of Keighley’, published by the Keighley Corporation in 1974, and reprinted several times since. Other publications included ‘The Handloom Weaver and other poems’ (1965), ‘The Haworth Water-Wolf and other Yorkshire stories’ (1967), ‘Scar Top and other poems’ (1968), ‘Gleanings from Victorian Yorkshire’ (1972), ‘Old Keighley in Photographs’ (1972), ‘More Old Keighley in Photographs’ (1973), ‘Gleanings from Edwardian Yorkshire’ (1975), ‘Yorkshire Through the Years’ (1975), ‘The Story of a Nobody: a Working Class Life 1880-1939’ (1980), ‘You Don’t Remember Bananas… A Pennine Half-Century’ (1985), ‘Keighley in Old Picture Postcards’ (1987), ‘Keighley in the 1930s & 40s’ (1989), ‘Victorian Keighley Characters’ (1990), ‘In the Reign of the Peacemaker: Keighley and District in Edwardian Photographs’ (1993), ‘Down Memory Lane’ (1993), ‘A Century of Yorkshire Dialect’ (with Arnold Kellett, 1997), ‘Keighley in the Second World War’ (2005), and ‘Nah Then! A Treasury of Yorkshire Dialect Quotations’ (2010).
Ian began writing the popular ‘Memory Lane’ column for the Keighley News in 1992 and carried on doing so right up until his death. In 1996, he was made an Honorary Doctor of Letters by the University of Bradford. And in February 1999, he was awarded an MBE by the Queen for his services to local history, at a ceremony held at Buckingham Palace. In 2009 he had a Northern Rail 158 diesel train named after him. In 2018, the Dalesman awarded him the W. R. Mitchell Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his prolific work as a local historian and public speaker.
He spent almost his whole life in Keighley, living in his parents’ former home on Raglan Avenue, off Fell Lane. He served on the Council of the Yorkshire Dialect Society and spent time as secretary of the Friends of Cliffe Castle Museum and Art Gallery. He died on 20th January 2019 and his funeral service was held at Trinity Church, Fell Lane, on 15th February, followed by a private cremation.
The publication was donated to Keighley and District Local History Society by Andrew Jackson in December 2020. It is held in the History Society's physical archive.
Australian Embassy
Published in Australian Consular Officials Reveal Dumbest Requests | The Diplomat