View allAll Photos Tagged problem
Problem Evaluation & Prioritization
Problem areas are evaluated and ranked for each mission. Prioritization uses a needs-based approach which addresses worst problems first.
Reino:Animalia
Filo:Arthropoda
Clase:Insecta
Orden:Coleoptera
Familia:Coccinellidae
Género:Hippodamia
Especie:H. convergens
Lugar de captura: La sabanita de Loma del Toro, Sierra de Bahoruco
Por: Cimarron mayor Panta.
CámaraCanon EOS 7D
Exposición0,017 sec (1/60)
Aperturef/8.0
Lente100 mm
Velocidad ISO640
Tendencia de exposición-1/3 EV
FlashOn, Fired ( el flash interno de la cámara)
No trípode( a pulso)
No ring flash
no tubo de extensión.
NO LUZ ( SOLO NEBLINA Y MALDICIONES DE PARTE DE NOSOTROS JAJAJAJA)
LOS RATAMALAS METIDOS EN PROBLEMAS Y NO ERAN MATRIMONIALES! SOLOS EN EL CORAZON DE LA SIERRA DE BAHORUCO, SIN SENAL TELEFONICA Y CON UNA MARIQUITA RIENDOSE DE NOSOTROS.
Yo confieso mi ignorancia en ambos sentidos. Con respecto a la Mariquita y peor aún con eso de hacer un macro jajajaja.
No niego que tenía toda la ilusión del mundo te tener una mariquita en mi galería, pues me muero de envidia cuando veo esas mariquitas de mis amigos en flickr.
Tenía mas de 45 años que no veía personalmente una mariquita y el único recuerdo que tenía fue una que ví una vez siendo pequeño en el campo. Así que me quedé con el concepto de que las mariquitas vivían en la tierra, pues me pasé un buen rato jugando con ella y cubriéndola con tierra pulverizada para verla emerger en una enramada en el campo y que era el taller de carpintería de mi padre.
Recientemente cruzando la Sierra de Bahoruco llegamos a la Sabanita de Loma del Toro,el punto más alto de la sierra encantada. Al ver aquella pequeña sabana cubierta de flores cimarronicas, como no desmontarse a estirar las patas??
Rapidamente tomamos los 500 mm porque vimos unas mariposas azules y yo le dije a Dax … segurito que son endémicas jajajajaja. Mierda, vamos hacerla con el lente de macro Panta.
Siiii vamos hacerle unos macros asesinos y rajapupilas Dax.
Tu sabes como se hace un macro??? Yooooooo, ni idea tengo de como se hace y tu? Pues yo tampoco ratamala.
No importa, vamos a inventar busca el lente.
Y ahí comenzó nuestra odisea jajajjajaja y la ratamala de Nicolas ubicándonos a las mariquitas que por primera vez entendía en mi caso que viven en las flores y no en la tierra como yo pensaba hoy!!
Ufffff que bajo a muerto tienen estas condenadas jajajajja. Era lo único que Nicolas decía!
Coño Dax y como es que tú no sabes como se hace un macro?? Panta, yo nunca he hecho uno, pues yo tampoco.
Las primeras fotos se las hice a las maripositas azules y aquello parecía un esperpento.
Dax, pero me salen todas movidas y no les veo los ojos ni ná de ná.
Nicolás conseguimos una mariquita y ponla aquí en esta flor de pechuguita jajajajajjajaja.
No hubo manera de hacer algo que sirviera.
Probamos en todos los modos habidos y por haber, todos los ISOS Y F posibles.
Pusimos el lente en modo manual y terminamos azules de tanto detener la respiración. Para colmo caminaban las marditas y si no era la brisa el problema.
Corre que ahí viene la neblina jajajajaja.
Date rápido para que me preste el lente a mi decía Dax.
Dax, esto es una desgracimación que no tiene nombre. O me salen desenfocadas o no me sale nada.
El mardito lente no enfoca a pesar de estar en autofocus. Ponlo en manual, ok lo pondré en manual.
Pero esto si es dificil esta desgracia. Por un mm que uno se eche hacia atrás o hacia delante la mariquita se desenfoca. Coño vamos a usar un trípode. Déjate de pendejada y de complicar las cosas. Vámonos a pulso cimarronico.
Sácale el flash a la camara que a lo mejor hay poca luz. Yo creo que así sin luz y sin sol es mucho mejor!
Dax no te dá verguenza ratamala que no sepamos hacer un mardito macro y tenemos tres horas aquí y a lo mejor los zorzales están con una lombriz colgando del pico en la gramita y nosotros de huevones ??
Ya yo sé lo que está pasando. Arvelo me dijo que todo era en modo manual. Pues pongamos todo en manual a ver que pasa.Ahora todo es peor ratamala.
Para la respiración y Colá, agarra la mata para que no se mueva jajajajajjajaa. Dax, estoy azul de no respirar y esta desgracia me está matando. Esto es peor que hacer fotos de aves.
Dejemos esta desgracimación. Zapatero a sus zapatos. Dax, yo necesito esa mariquita de mis sueños, ayudame mardito hacerla.
Panta, hemos perdido tres horas.
Ya se lo que vamos hacer. Tomemos los 500 mm y vamos a fusilar a estas marditas que no se van a reír de nosotros.
Desde que lleguemos a la capital vamos a emplazar a los marditos cimarrones de como es que se hace un macro, aunque le he preguntado mil veces y siempre vienen a darnos una clase repletas de teorías, que si el flash, que si el tubo de extensión, el ring flash y finalmente nunca han dicho nada en concreto de como se hace un macro ( me refiero a un setting especifico en nuestras cámaras)
Así terminamos azules de tanto aguantar la respiración, yo con 395 fotos de las cuales una me quedó una aceptable, 5 mediocres y 395 para el zafacón.
Como jodí tanto con esta criaturita no me queda más remedio que mostrarla y hacer el cuento de una crónica del fracaso esperado.Ojalá algún fotógrafo o amigo se digne en decirnos como se hace un macro ( números en nuestras camaras) que estoy muy viejo para cursos y para ir a la escuela.
Pasamos trabajo, pero tenemos ya una mariquita roja en nuestras manos.
Abrazos.
Cimarron mayor Panta.
I have just noticed this at our local bus stop. Just two days into the new busway service, Grant Palmer have had to alter their route around the Beecroft Estate in Dunstable because of badly parked cars. This means that the Co-op supermarket, Post Office and other shops are no longer served by bus. This parking problem was obviously anticipated as double yellow lines were recently painted on certain stretches of road. Odd then that the service was pulled so soon.
I walk this way to said Post Office every afternoon and have wondered why I havn't yet seen one of the new Scanias along here yet; now I know!!
We decided to go for a city break rather than sun in Tenerife again this September. Other than a few days in the North East we haven’t been away since last March and wanted a change and hopefully some sun. The problem is getting flights from the north of England to the places we want to go to. We chose Valencia as we could fly from East Midlands – which was still a pain to get to as it involved the most notorious stretch of the M1 at five in the morning. In the end we had a fairly good journey, the new Ryanair business class pre-booked scheme worked quite well and bang on time as usual. It was dull when we landed with storms forecast all week, the sky was bright grey – the kiss of death to the photography I had in mind. I was full of cold and wishing I was at work. It did rain but it was overnight on our first night and didn't affect us. There has been a drought for eleven months apparently and it rained on our first day there! The forecast storms didn't materialise in Valencia but they got it elsewhere.
You May notice discrepancies in the spelling of some Spanish words or names, this is because Valencian is used on signs, in some guide books and maps. There are two languages in common use with distinct differences. There may also be genuine mistakes - it has been known!
Over the course of a Monday to Sunday week we covered 75 miles on foot and saw most of the best of Valencia – The City of Bell Towers. The Old City covers a pretty large area in a very confusing layout. There was a lot of referring to maps – even compass readings! – a first in a city for us. The problem with photography in Valencia is that most of the famous and attractive building are closely built around, some have poor quality housing built on to them. Most photographs have to be taken from an extreme angle looking up. There are no high points as it is pan flat, there are a small number of buildings where you can pay to go up on to the roof for a better view and we went up them – more than once!
The modern buildings of The City of Arts and Sciences – ( Ciutat de Las Arts I de les Ciencies ) are what the city has more recently become famous for, with tourists arriving by the coachload all day until late at night. They must be photographed millions of times a month. We went during the day and stayed till dark one evening, I gave it my best shot but a first time visit is always a compromise between ambition and realism, time dictates that we have to move on to the next destination. I travelled with a full size tripod – another first – I forgot to take it with me to TCoAaS! so It was time to wind up the ISO, again! Needless to say I never used the tripod.
On a day when rain was forecast but it stayed fine, albeit a bit dull, we went to the Bioparc north west of the city, a zoo by another name. There are many claims made for this place, were you can appear to walk alongside some very large animals, including, elephants, lions, giraffe, rhino, gorillas and many types of monkey to name a few. It is laid out in different geographical regions and there is very little between you and the animals, in some cases there is nothing, you enter the enclosure through a double door arrangement and the monkeys are around you. It gets rave reviews and we stayed for most of the day. The animals it has to be said gave the appearance of extreme boredom and frustration and I felt quite sorry for them.
The course of The River Turia was altered after a major flood in the 50’s. The new river runs west of the city flanked by a motorway. The old river, which is massive, deep and very wide between ancient walls, I can’t imagine how it flooded, has been turned into a park that is five miles long. There is an athletics track, football pitches, cycle paths, restaurants, numerous kids parks, ponds, fountains, loads of bridges, historic and modern. At the western end closest to the sea sits The City of Arts and Sciences – in the river bed. Where it meets the sea there is Valencia’s urban Formula One racetrack finishing in the massive marina built for The Americas Cup. The race track is in use as roadways complete with fully removable street furniture, kerbs, bollards, lights, islands and crossings, everything is just sat on the surface ready to be moved.
We found the beach almost by accident, we were desperate for food after putting in a lot of miles and the afternoon was ticking by. What a beach, 100’s of metres wide and stretching as far as the eye could see with a massive promenade. The hard thing was choosing, out of the dozens of restaurants, all next door to each other, all serving traditional Paella – rabbit and chicken – as well as seafood, we don’t eat seafood and it constituted 90% of the menu in most places. Every restaurant does a fixed price dish of the day, with a few choices, three courses and a drink. Some times this was our only meal besides making the most of the continental breakfast at the hotel. We had a fair few bar stops with the local wine being cheap and pleasant it would have been a shame not to, there would have been a one woman riot – or strike!
On our final day, a Sunday, we were out of bed and down for breakfast at 7.45 as usual, the place was deserted barring a waiter. We walked out of the door at 8.30 – in to the middle of a mass road race with many thousands of runners, one of a series that take place in Valencia – apparently! We struggled to find out the distance, possibly 10km. The finish was just around the corner so off we went with the camera gear, taking photos of random runners and groups. There was a TV crew filming it and some local celebrity (I think) commentating. Next we came across some sort of wandering religious and musical event. Some sort of ritual was played out over the course of Sunday morning in various locations, it involved catholic priests and religious buildings and another film crew. The Catholic tourists and locals were filling the (many) churches for Sunday mass. Amongst all of this we had seen men walking around in Arab style dress – the ones in black looked like the ones from ISIS currently beheading people – all carrying guns. A bit disconcerting. We assumed that there had been some sort of battle enactment. We were wrong, it hadn’t happened yet. A while later, about 11.30 we could hear banging, fireworks? No it was our friends with the guns. We were caught up in total mayhem, around 60 men randomly firing muskets with some sort of blank rounds, the noise, smoke and flames from the muzzles were incredible. We were about to climb the Torres de Serranos which is where, unbeknown to us, the grand, and deafening, finale was going to be. We could feel the blast in our faces on top of the tower. Yet again there was a film camera in attendance. I couldn’t get close ups but I got a good overview and shot my first video with the 5D, my first in 5 years of owning a DLSR with the capability. I usually use my phone ( I used my phone as well). Later in the day there was a bullfight taking place, the ring was almost next to our hotel, in the end we had other things to do and gave it a miss, it was certainly a busy Sunday in the city centre, whether it’s the norm or not I don’t know.
There is a tram system in Valencia but it goes from the port area into the newer part of the city on the north side, it wouldn’t be feasible to serve the historic old city really. A quick internet search told me that there are 55,000 university students in the city, a pretty big number. I think a lot of the campus is on the north side and served by the tram although there is a massive fleet of buses as well. There is a massive, very impressive market building , with 100’s of stalls that would make a photo project on its own, beautiful on the inside and out but very difficult to get decent photos of the exterior other than detail shots owing to the closeness of other buildings and the sheer size of it. Across town, another market has been beautifully renovated and is full of bars and restaurants and a bit of a destination in its own right.
A downside was the all too typical shafting by the taxi drivers who use every trick in the book to side step the official tariffs and rob you. The taxi from the airport had a “broken” meter and on the way home we were driven 22 km instead of the nine that is the actual distance. Some of them seem to view tourists as cash cows to be robbed at all costs. I emailed the Marriot hotel as they ordered the taxi, needless to say no answer from Marriot – they’ve had their money. We didn’t get the rip off treatment in the bars etc. that we experienced in Rome, prices are very fair on most things, certainly considering the city location.
All in all we had a good trip and can highly recommend Valencia.
Mémoire2cité - A l'état initiale MONTREYNAUD devait etre Gigantesque , le projet complet ne çe fera pas ^^ c'etait la même chose pour Bergson du gigantisme à tout va , le saviez vous? moi oui ;) La tour plein ciel à Montreynaud va être détruite jeudi. Les habitants de Montreynaud parlent de leur quartier et de cette destruction entre nostalgie et soulagement içi en video www.dailymotion.com/video/xmiwfk
À partir de l’analyse de la trajectoire des perceptions de la tour Plein-Ciel à Saint-Étienne, Rachid Kaddour montre que certaines tours de grands ensembles peuvent faire l’objet d’un système de représentations plus complexes que celui, dévalorisant, présenté dans les discours de légitimation de la rénovation urbaine. L’image de la tour est en France encore fortement attachée à celle du logement populaire, du fait notamment de la présence de ce type d’édifice dans les grands ensembles. Or, si l’on parle des tours d’habitat populaire depuis 2003, c’est essentiellement à propos des démolitions : l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) incite les bailleurs à détruire prioritairement dans les zones urbaines sensibles les immeubles les plus imposants, dont les tours les plus hautes. Mais l’image négative du « problème des banlieues » et de ses dysfonctionnements est-elle la seule associée aux tours d’habitat populaire ? Ne tend-elle pas à laisser dans l’ombre d’autres représentations attachées à ces édifices ?
Une réflexion sur la tour Plein-Ciel à Saint-Étienne est, sur ces points, riche d’enseignements. Tenant une place prépondérante dans le paysage stéphanois, emblématique de l’image des grands ensembles, cette tour édifiée en 1972 est démolie en 2011. La constitution et l’analyse d’un corpus d’une dizaine d’images promotionnelles et artistiques (films, photographies de communication) la mettant en scène permet d’en établir une chronique. Cette dernière met en évidence un système de représentations complexe : tout au long de ses quarante ans d’histoire, l’édifice est en effet perçu comme symbole de modernité, emblème de grand ensemble en difficulté et monument dans le paysage stéphanois. Ces deux dernières représentations, l’une stigmatisée, l’autre valorisée, coexistent même lors des dernières années de la vie de l’édifice. Dans toutes ces représentations différenciées et concurrentes, la verticalité de l’édifice tient un rôle essentiel.
Acte 1 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole de modernité
L’image la plus ancienne identifiée date de 1970. Il s’agit d’un cliché de la maquette de la zone à urbaniser en priorité (ZUP) de Montreynaud, pris sur le stand de l’exposition « Saint-Étienne demain » de la Foire économique. Cette exposition vante les grandes opérations d’urbanisme en cours dans la ville, et vise à montrer « les transformations de la cité et son nouveau visage », afin de rompre avec la « légende de ville noire, industrielle et fixée dans le XIXe siècle » [1]. L’exposition fait partie d’une communication orchestrée par le maire Michel Durafour (1964‑1977). À partir de 1973, les reportages photographiques ou les films [2] mettent à l’honneur Montreynaud (jusqu’à 4 400 logements prévus) et en particulier sa tour Plein-Ciel (par l’architecte Raymond Martin), avec sa verticalité (18 niveaux), le château d’eau qui la coiffe et sa situation en rupture avec la ville ancienne. À Saint-Étienne comme ailleurs, les raisons de la réalisation de constructions si modernes durant les Trente Glorieuses relèvent en partie de la réponse donnée à la crise du logement et de la réorganisation industrielle du pays (fixation de la main-d’œuvre, industrialisation du BTP). Mais il faut aussi y voir la traduction physique d’un projet sociopolitique moderne porté par un État centralisateur et des pouvoirs publics puissants (Tomas et al. 2003 ; Dufaux et Fourcaut 2004 ; Veschambre 2011). Le pays est alors dans une période où les aspirations et idéologies portent vers la construction d’une nouvelle ère urbaine, avec ses ambitions (le bien-être, l’hygiène…), et en rupture avec les difficultés d’alors (le taudis, la maladie, l’individualisme…). Le logement, jusqu’ici inconfortable et insuffisant, devient l’un des axes majeurs d’intervention : plus de huit millions d’unités sont construites durant la période.
La forme de ces logements se doit d’être aussi moderne que le projet. De grands noms et une nouvelle génération d’architectes sont mobilisés. Ceux-ci dessinent des formes géométriques épurées et, dans les opérations importantes, les évolutions techniques leur permettent de multiplier les signaux que sont les longues barres ou hautes tours autour desquelles se structurent les autres immeubles.
Saint-Étienne, ville industrielle durement frappée par la crise du logement, est exemplaire du mouvement. Les grands ensembles s’y multiplient. Implantés sur des sommets de collines aux entrées de la ville, ils doivent signifier le renouveau. Montreynaud, « nouvelle petite ville à part entière » [3], joue de ce point de vue un rôle clé. Sa tour, en sommet de colline et dont le château d’eau est illuminé la nuit, en est l’emblème, un « symbole de la modernité » [4]. La tour doit son nom au fait de proposer « des appartements en plein-ciel » [5], et l’on peut voir dans cette dénomination une valorisation de la verticalité, à la fois comme source d’oxygène et de lumière, mais aussi comme signal urbain.
Acte 2 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole d’un grand ensemble en difficulté
Si l’on classe chronologiquement le corpus d’images identifiées, la tour Plein-Ciel ressurgit significativement dans les champs de la communication institutionnelle et des arts au tournant des années 2000‑2010. Dans la littérature, l’intrigue de la saga Les Sauvages de Sabri Louatah débute à Saint-Étienne, et la tour Plein-Ciel en est un cadre important :
« La tour Plein-Ciel se dressait avec une majesté sinistre au sommet de la colline de Montreynaud […]. À l’aube du XXIe siècle, sa démolition avait été plébiscitée par les riverains […]. La célèbre tour au bol était visible depuis la gare en arrivant de Lyon, et beaucoup de Stéphanois la considéraient […] comme le point doublement culminant de la ville : du haut de ses soixante-quatre mètres qui dominaient les six autres collines mais aussi en tant qu’emblème, d’un désastre urbain éclatant et d’une ville résignée à la désindustrialisation » (Louatah 2011, p. 89).
Cette description exprime bien la situation dans laquelle la tour se trouve à la rédaction du roman : en attente de démolition. En 2011, les photographies de Pierre Grasset (voir un exemple ci-dessous), missionné par la ville, montrent l’édifice moribond. Comment la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu passer de symbole de modernité à « emblème d’un désastre urbain » condamné à la démolition ? Tout d’abord, une partie des équipements de la ZUP et la moitié seulement des logements sont réalisés, du fait de prévisions démographiques non atteintes (Vant 1981 ; Tomas et al. 2003). L’inachèvement accentue les désagréments de la situation à six kilomètres du centre, derrière des infrastructures lourdes. Ensuite, tout au long des années 1980 et 1990, la population de Montreynaud se paupérise (départ des plus aisés vers la propriété, montée du chômage) et « s’ethnicise », avec pour effet, suivant des mécanismes analysés ailleurs (Tissot 2003 ; Masclet 2005), que le regard porté sur elle change : dans les discours politiques et la presse, Montreynaud acquiert l’image d’un quartier dangereux. Dès lors, le quartier entre dans les réhabilitations puis la rénovation [6], mais sans effet important sur la vacance, la pauvreté, l’échec scolaire, la délinquance ou les discriminations. Pour de nombreux Stéphanois, il devient un « là‑haut » [7] relégué.
La tour devient le symptôme visible de cette dégradation. Des rumeurs se diffusent dès les années 1970 sur sa stabilité et l’isolation du château d’eau [8]. Dix ans après sa livraison, seuls 50 des 90 appartements sont vendus. Cette vacance conduit à l’aménagement d’un « foyer de logements » pour personnes dépendantes psychiatriques qui accentue l’image d’un quartier de relégation. La gestion difficile du foyer et les problèmes financiers d’une partie des propriétaires amènent à classer la copropriété comme « fragile » en 2002. Une étude indique que la démolition « aurait un impact positif sur la requalification du parc de logements du quartier et permettrait également de promouvoir un changement d’image du site » [9]. Le dernier habitant est relogé fin 2008.
Acte 3 : la tour Plein-Ciel, monument symbole de Saint-Étienne
D’autres images du corpus indiquent toutefois que, à partir des années 2000, l’image stigmatisée de la tour Plein-Ciel comme emblème d’un grand ensemble en difficulté entre en tension avec une autre image plus valorisante d’édifice symbole de Saint-Étienne. En en faisant l’un des théâtres stéphanois de sa saga, Sabri Louatah reconnaît à la tour Plein-Ciel une place particulière dans la ville. Cette représentation se retrouve, de manière beaucoup plus consciente et militante, dans d’autres productions artistiques durant les années 2000. La tour est notamment représentée sur les affiches du festival Gaga Jazz. Si le festival se veut d’ampleur régionale, son nom montre un ancrage stéphanois – le « gaga » désigne le parler local. Le choix d’identité visuelle va dans le même sens : il s’agit « d’utiliser l’image d’un bâtiment symbole à Saint-Étienne » [10]. Pour les graphistes, la tour s’impose, parce qu’elle est « un monument connu de tous les Stéphanois ». Un monument qui a les honneurs d’une carte postale en 1987 [11], et qui, comme il se doit, est abondamment photographié. Jacques Prud’homme, par exemple, la montre sur plusieurs sténopés visibles sur son blog [12]. Pour lui aussi, la tour est l’un des « symboles de Saint-Étienne ». Pourquoi la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu être ainsi considérée comme « un monument ancré dans le paysage stéphanois » [13] ? La combinaison peut-être unique en France d’une tour d’habitation à un château d’eau en fait un édifice singulier. Couplée avec son implantation en sommet de colline, cette singularité fait de la tour un point de repère important pour les Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les nombreux supporters de l’AS Saint-Étienne qui se rendent au stade, dont elle est voisine. D’ailleurs, la tour est utilisée comme édifice emblème de la ville sur au moins un autocollant et un tifo de supporters, aux côtés des symboles miniers (chevalement, « crassiers ») et du stade Geoffroy-Guichard.
Cette représentation faisant de la tour un « monument » aurait pu sauver l’édifice, suivant un mécanisme, classique dans l’histoire du patrimoine, de défense devant une menace de démolition. De nombreux Stéphanois réagissent, et, pour l’association Gaga Jazz, « les affiches et flyers invitant les Stéphanois aux concerts de jazz font aussi office d’actes de revendication pour la conservation ». La nouvelle équipe municipale socialiste de Maurice Vincent, élue en 2008, reconnaît que la tour « représente un symbole » [14]. Elle soumet en 2010 au vote des habitants de Montreynaud deux possibilités : développer la valeur et la fonction de repère de la tour en la transformant en « symbole artistique de la ville de Saint-Étienne » [15] via l’intervention d’un plasticien, ou bien la démolir et aménager un parc : 71 % des votants se prononcent pour la démolition, soit 230 personnes sur les 318 votants. Les défenseurs de la conservation expriment un double regret : l’ouverture du vote aux seuls habitants de Montreynaud, et la très faible mobilisation de ces derniers.
La démolition de la tour a lieu le 24 novembre 2011. Son foudroyage la met une dernière fois sous les projecteurs des nombreux appareils audiovisuels présents. Les images produites s’ajoutent à celles existantes, et constituent autant de traces d’un immeuble dont il n’en reste plus aucune sur le terrain.
Cette fin dramatique donne à cette chronique des allures de représentation théâtrale, en trois actes : naissance puis mort de l’édifice, avec un ultime soubresaut sous la forme d’une tentative vaine de sauvetage au nom du patrimoine. C’est une troisième définition du terme de représentation qui est mobilisée dans cette conclusion. Ce sont en effet des représentations, en images et en mots, qui ont permis de constituer cette chronique de la tour. Cette dernière révèle que trois représentations mentales sont associées à l’édifice et à sa verticalité : pour la puissance publique ayant commandé sa réalisation et pour les premiers résidents, la tour est un symbole de modernité ; pour une partie des Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les acteurs ayant décidé sa démolition, elle est l’emblème d’un grand ensemble stigmatisé ; et enfin, pour d’autres Stéphanois, habitants de Montreynaud ou artistes entre autres, la tour est un objet phare et patrimonial dans le paysage de Saint-Étienne.
Aux côtés, par exemple, de la Tour panoramique à la Duchère (à Lyon), qui a été profondément rénovée, cette mise en évidence de la trajectoire des perceptions de la tour Plein-Ciel permet d’expliciter que la verticalité dont nos villes ont hérité, tout du moins celle présente dans les grands ensembles, fait l’objet d’un système de représentations complexe et en tout cas plus varié que celui présenté dans les discours de légitimation de la rénovation urbaine.
Bibliographie Dufaux, F. et Fourcaut A. (dir.). 2004. Le Monde des grands ensembles, Paris : Créaphis.
Louatah, S. 2011. Les Sauvages, tome 1, Paris : Flammarion–Versilio. Masclet, O. 2005. « Du “bastion” au “ghetto”, le communisme municipal en butte à l’immigration », Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, n° 159, p. 10‑25.
Tissot, S. 2003. « De l’emblème au “problème”, histoire des grands ensembles dans une ville communiste », Les Annales de la recherche urbaines, n° 93, p. 123‑129.
Tomas, F., Blanc, J.-N. et Bonilla, M. 2003. Les Grands Ensembles, une histoire qui continue, Saint-Étienne : Publications de l’université de Saint-Étienne.
Vant, A. 1981. Imagerie et urbanisation, recherches sur l’exemple stéphanois, Saint-Étienne : Centre d’études foréziennes. Veschambre, V. 2011. « La rénovation urbaine dans les grands ensembles : de la monumentalité à la banalité ? », in Iosa, I. et Gravari-Barbas, M. (dir.), Monumentalité(s) urbaine(s) aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Sens, formes et enjeux urbains, Paris : L’Harmattan, p. 193‑206.
Notes [1] Extraits tirés du film Saint-Étienne, on en parle (Atlantic Film, 1970) associé à l’exposition. [2] Dont Les grands travaux à Saint-Étienne, ville de Saint-Étienne, 1974.[3] Brochure publicitaire Montreynaud, Saint-Étienne, résidence les Hellènes, non daté. [4] Propos tenus par un habitant installé dès l’époque. [5] Brochure publicitaire Des appartements en plein-ciel. La tour de Montreynaud, non daté. [6] Avec, dans un premier temps, le grand projet de ville (GPV) en 2001, puis la convention avec l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) en 2005. [7] Expression régulièrement entendue lors des entretiens. 8] « Le château d’eau : mille m³ qui ne fuiront pas », La Tribune, 17 novembre 1978, p. 14. [9] Lettre d’information aux habitants de Montreynaud, ville de Saint-Étienne, mai 2003. [10] Entretien avec Damien et Sébastien Murat (DMS photo), graphistes.
[11] « Saint-Étienne – le quartier de Montreynaud », en dépôt aux archives municipales de Saint-Étienne, réf. : 2FI icono 4401. [12] Voir aussi le blog participatif 42 Yeux : 42yeux.over-blog.com/categorie-11117393.html. [13] Source : « Tour Plein-Ciel : rayonner ou s’effacer », La Tribune–Le Progrès, 4 février 2009, p. 11. [14] Propos de l’adjoint à l’urbanisme, « Tour Plein-Ciel : rayonner ou s’effacer », op. cit., p. 11.
@ FOREZ INFOS : Le 24 novembre 2011, à 10h45, le célèbre immeuble "Plein Ciel" de Montreynaud, qualifié tour à tour de tour-signal, phare de Saint-Etienne, tour de Babel et tour infernale a été foudroyé. Trois points d'observation étaient proposés pour ne rien manquer du "pestacle": rue Gounod, rue Bizet et sur le parking du centre commercial où une foule considérable s'était pressée, armée de portables et d'appareils photos pour immortaliser cet événement "exceptionnel". De nombreux policiers, pompiers, CRS et volontaires de la Sécurité Civile avaient été déployés pour sécuriser le périmètre. Au total, environ 300 personnes. Un hélicoptère survolait la colline. Un premier coup de sirène, à 10 minutes du tir, a retenti puis trois autres, brefs, et enfin le compte à rebours de cinq secondes suivi d'un grand "boom" et d'un nuage de poussière. Le chantier de démolition, confié au groupement GINGER CEBTP Démolition / Arnaud Démolition, avait débuté en juin 2010. Après la phase de désamiantage, les matériaux de l'immeuble (bois, béton, ferraille...) avaient été recyclés puis les murs porteurs affaiblis et percés pour accueillir les charges explosives. Le jour du tir, des bâches de protection avaient été disposées, ainsi que des boudins remplis d'eau pour atténuer la dispersion des poussières. A l'espace Gounod, qui accueillait les personnes évacuées dès 8h du périmètre de sécurité, la régie de quartier, l'AGEF, le collège Marc Seguin proposaient des expositions et diverses animations. L'ambiance était folklorique. Maurice Vincent, accompagné de la préfète de la Loire, Fabienne Buccio, et Pascal Martin-Gousset, Directeur Général Adjoint de l'ANRU, s'est exprimé devant un mur de graffitis haut en couleur sur lequel on pouvait lire "Morice tu vas trop loin" (sic), "Moreno en force" (sic) ou encore "Morice tu nous enlève une partie de notre enfance (sic)".
" Je suis parfaitement conscient que cette destruction renvoie à l'enfance, à la jeunesse pour certains des habitants et que ce n'est pas forcément un moment gai", a déclaré le sénateur-maire. Mais de souligner: "C'est de la responsabilité politique que j'assume que d'indiquer la direction de ce qui nous paraît être l'intérêt général."
A la place, il est prévu un espace vert avec des jeux pour enfants et un belvédère. Les premières esquisses du projet doivent être présentées au premier semestre 2012. Rappelons que les habitants du quartier - et seulement eux - avaient été invités le 27 juin 2009 à se prononcer sur le devenir de la tour. L'option de la démolition avait été retenue par 73% des 319 votants. " L'espace public à créer le sera avec la participation des usagers", soulignaient à l'époque M. Vincent et F. Pigeon, son adjoint à l'urbanisme. Ce vieux sage venu en bus, qui regrettait d'avoir manqué la démolition de la Muraille de Chine, nous avait dit simplement: " Il vaut mieux voir ça qu'un tremblement de terre." Et une jeune fille du quartier, inénarrable : " La vérité ! ça fait un trou maintenant. On dirait qu'ils nous ont enlevé une dent !"
L' architecte de l'immeuble "Plein Ciel" fut Raymond Martin, également architecte en chef de la Zone à Urbaniser en Priorité de Montreynaud/Nord-Est et Stéphanois . Celle-ci avait été créée par un arrêté ministériel le 11 mars 1966. Sur 138 hectares, afin de rééquilibrer la ville au nord et prendre le relais du grand ensemble Beaulieu-La Métare, il était prévu initialement d'y accueillir de 13 à 15 000 habitants. Le programme portait sur la création de 3300 logements dont 300 à 500 maisons individuelles. Les logements restants, collectifs, étant composés d'immeubles en copropriété et, pour les deux tiers, d'HLM. voir sur la toile d'un tifo, stade Geoffroy Guichard.
L'aménagement fut concédé fin 1967 à la Société d'Economie Mixte d'Aménagement de Saint-Etienne (SEMASET), initiée en 1963 (municipalité Fraissinette) et constituée en 1965 (municipalité Durafour). En 1970, la SEMSET ajoutait d'abord 600 logements supplémentaires. Peu à peu, le programme de la ZUP fut porté à 4400 logements. Il prévoit aussi de nombreux équipements tels que crèche et halte-garderies, gymnases, centre social et centres commerciaux, deux collèges, huit groupes scolaires. Dans un entretien accordé au Dauphiné Libéré (7 août 1967), Martin expliquait vouloir créer à Montreynaud "une sorte de petite ville agréable à habiter, plutôt qu'un quartier excentré sans âme", avec des "magasins littéralement noyés dans la verdure" et des "voitures qui rouleront sur des rampes souterraines" ! Il indiquait que les travaux allaient débuter en 68 et durer 6 six ans. " Nous commencerons par le plateau central qui comportera 1800 logements répartis dans des immeubles relativement peu élevés, la plupart de 5 ou 6 étages, et une tour pour donner la ligne verticale."
S'agit-il de LA tour ou de cet autre immeuble, baptisé "Les Héllènes" sur un prospectus de l'époque, futur "Le Palatin", près d'un forum digne de l'Atlantide ? Les travaux, en tout cas, ne débutèrent vraiment, semble-t-il, qu'en 1970 d'après un mémoire consultable aux archives municipales (fonds de l'association "Vitrine du quartier" de Montreynaud). On y lit aussi, à travers le témoignage d'un ouvrier qui travailla sur les premiers immeubles, que le premier en date aurait été la tour "Plein Ciel" elle -même. Ce qui lui vaudrait bien son appellation de "tour-signal" qu'on retrouve dans divers documents. Mais qui interroge. D'après la brochure publiée par la Ville de Saint-Etienne à l'occasion de la démolition, sa construction n'aurait démarré qu'en 1972. Le problème, c'est que s'il existe une masse considérable de documentation sur la ZUP, on a trouvé à ce jour peu de choses sur la tour elle-même, à moins d'avoir mal cherché. Elle aurait été inaugurée en 1974 par la CIVSE, le promoteur, mais sans avoir la date exacte, nos recherches dans la presse locale, au hasard, n'ont rien donné. Il y a peut-être une explication. Le château d'eau aurait été construit d'abord et les habitations ensuite.
voir les Flyers de l'association "Gaga Jazz"
Le mémoire en question précise que Montreynaud devait bénéficier d'une "révolution technologique", à savoir la construction par éléments, le préfabriqué, plus rapide et rentable, les éléments d'immeuble étant désormais construits en usine à Andrézieux... Reste que d'après François Tomas, fin 1972, 1897 logements seulement, pour n'en rester qu'aux logements, avaient été construits, et 2839 en 1977 (La création de la ZUP de Montreynaud, chronique d'un échec, in Les grands ensembles, une histoire qui continue, PUSE 2003). On renvoie le lecteur qui voudrait en savoir plus sur l'histoire de la ZUP, ses déboires, la crise économique, l'aménagement de Saint-Saens et Chabrier (1981), à cet ouvrage, à André Vant (La politique urbaine stéphanoise), aux archives, de la SEMASET notamment, et à la presse, de l'année 74 en particulier.
Ce qui nous intéresse, c'est la tour, photographiée un nombre incalculable de fois. Le mémoire, toujours (le nom de l'auteur et l'année de rédaction nous sont inconnus), évoque des rumeurs, à son sujet, dès ses premières années : "On sait que le côté spectaculaire des travaux de Montreynaud alimente les rumeurs, voire les peurs collectives.... La Tour Arc-en-Ciel (sic) s'enfonce... La vasque fuit et inonde les habitants... Face à ces bruits, certains disent que ce n'est vrai, d'autres que c'est faux et qu'il ne faut pas y croire. Mais il y a parfois des vérités intermédiaires, du moins des indices réels qui donnent à penser... Ainsi, il y a bien eu des infiltrations mais seulement à proximité des réservoirs intermédiaires à édifiés au pied de la tour. De l'eau de ruissellement risquait d'atteindre les conteneurs d'eau potable et les transformateurs électriques. La Ville assigne les entreprises en malfaçon devant le tribunal administratif de Lyon en octobre 1975. Des experts sont désignés et l'affaire se termine par un procès-verbal de conciliation prévoyant le partage des travaux de remise en état, qui s'élèvent à 66000 francs, entre l'entreprise générale et l'entreprise de maçonnerie."
voir le Graffiti, Restos du coeur, Chavanelle
Un article de 1978, paru dans La Tribune-Le Progrès, évoque le château d'eau, "cette belle oeuvre de la technique humaine (...) objet depuis sa naissance de la risée des gens". " Soixante-cinq mètres, 1000 m3 de contenance, le château d'eau de Montreynaud coiffant la tour de son dôme renversé s'élance orgueilleusement tout en haut de la colline, superbe perspective des temps modernes. Il rassemble à ses pieds, aux quatre points cardinaux le vaste océan de béton de toute la ZUP dont il est devenu un symbole face à l'agglomération stéphanoise. Le soir, illuminé, il brille tel un phare dans la nuit, accrochant les regards à plusieurs km à la ronde."
On tour, "Montreynaud la folie", sac de collégien (Terrenoire)
L'article se fait l'écho des rumeurs. On dit qu'il oscille par grand vent, géant aux pieds d'argile, que son réservoir fuit. Et l'article d'expliquer que l'oscillation (qui pour certains prendrait des allures inquiétantes) "est tout à fait normale en raison de la hauteur de l'édifice" mais que son pied est fiché à huit mètres dans un sol rocheux. Quant au réservoir, il ne fuit pas. "Si l'eau en coule parfois, c'est tout simplement de l'eau de pluie qui s'écoule paisiblement par des gargouillis". L'alimentation de la ZUP provient d'un réservoir de 10 000 m3 situé au Jardin des plantes et dont l'eau est amenée, par une conduite de 600 mm, dans des réservoirs de 2000 m3 au pied de la colline. Une station de pompage refoule ensuite l'eau au château de la tour qui alimente à son tour la ZUP. Ce château, en béton armé, n'est pas collé à la tour mais en est désolidarisé. Son fût a 3,50 mètres de tour de taille et la vasque, à laquelle on peut accéder aussi par une échelle de 300 barreaux, 21 mètres de diamètre. Par la suite, une antenne, l'antenne de M'Radio, y sera plantée. Haute d'une dizaine de mètres, elle était fixée par des haubans. Différents émetteurs d'entreprises de télécommunication viendront la rejoindre.
Concernant les appartements, dès 1974, évoquant une "psychose de la tour", Loire Matin écrit que seulement 20 logements ont trouvé preneur. " Avec les difficultés sociales qui apparaissent dans les grands ensembles au début des années 80, la commercialisation devient difficile: 40 logements restent invendus", indique la Ville de Saint-Etienne. Loire Matin encore, dans un article de 1987 - la CIVSE ayant depuis déposé le bilan - revient sur le cas de cette "tour infernale (...) droite comme un i (...) symbole de tout un quartier" et l' "une des premières visions que l'on a de Saint-Etienne". Les prix sont certes attractifs mais "de plus en plus de gens désirent, s'ils doivent acheter, posséder une maison bien à eux". Ils fuient les grands ensembles. Qui plus est au coeur d'un quartier qui jouit d'une mauvaise réputation.
voir le Projet de Marc Chopy youtu.be/OoIP7yLHOQM
Un autre article, de 1995, indique qu'une dizaine d'appartements sont en vente et qu'un F3 coûte moins de 100 000 francs. Quelques années auparavant, un nombre important d'appartements inoccupés avaient été rachetés et transformés en studios. Gérés par une SCI, ils furent loués à des personnes âgées, accompagnée par une association, "Age France", à une population en proie à des problèmes sociaux ou de santé mais dont l'état ne nécessitait pas d'hospitalisation totale. " La présence de ces locataires ne semble pas du meilleur goût aux yeux de certains copropriétaires", relevait le journaliste. On retrouve ces locataires cinq ans plus tard dans un article intitulé "Les oubliés de la tour". Une soixantaine d'hommes et de femmes "de tous âges, soit handicapés mentaux, soit physique (...) certains placés ici par l'hôpital de Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds" et secourus par le Secours catholique, vivent alors dans la tour. C'est aussi à cette époque que l'artiste Albert-Louis Chanut avait son atelier au pied de l'immeuble.
Le sort de la tour se joua dans les années 2000. A l'aube du XXIe siècle, le 30 décembre 2000, un incendie se déclare dans un de ses étages, mettant en évidence des problèmes de sécurité. De 2001 à 2003, une commission de plan de sauvegarde valide le scénario de démolition, inscrit dans la convention ANRU en avril 2005. Le rachat des logements et le relogement des locataires débute cette même année, pour s'achever en 2009. Il restait deux familles en 2008
En février 2009, lors d'un conseil municipal, l'adjoint à l'urbanisme déclarait: " La destruction de la fonction d'habitation de la tour est un point acté sur lequel nous ne reviendrons pas. Cette tour n'a plus vocation à être habitée. Cela passe donc forcément par une démolition au moins partielle. Ce principe étant posé, faut-il détruire la structure de la tour ou, au contraire, essayer de trouver une solution pour intégrer sa silhouette dans le paysage urbain ? J'ai déjà abordé la question à l'occasion d'un conseil municipal au mois de juin. Nous avions précisé que la tour de Montreynaud constitue un édifice marquant dans le paysage urbain de Saint-Etienne. C'est un point de repère pour celles et ceux qui habitent Montreynaud, mais aussi pour celles et ceux qui passent à Saint-Etienne. Elle est donc remarquée et remarquable par l'ensemble des personnes que nous côtoyons, qu'il s'agisse de simples passants, d'habitants de Saint-Etienne ou d'urbanistes de renom. Il est important de préciser que nous ne prendrons pas seuls la décision. Nous allons sans doute aboutir à deux possibilités : une destruction totale de cet édifice ou une destruction partielle. Dans tous les cas, il sera mené un travail de concertation par M. Messad, en qualité d'élu référent du quartier, et par Mme Perroux, en qualité d'adjointe sur les questions de démocratie participative. C'est donc par une consultation des habitants de Montreynaud que nous trancherons sur la base de deux projets qui seront présentés et chiffrées.Toutes ces questions seront tranchées à l'été 2009. Par ailleurs, puisque vous citez mes propos, je voudrais les contextualiser et citer M. le Maire qui était intervenu au même moment et qui disait : « Nous pensons qu'il faut imaginer, à la place de la tour, un espace qui fasse le plus grand consensus avec les habitants, qui marque une évolution, un renouvellement du quartier ». C'est là un point extrêmement important. Il n'est pas contradictoire d'envisager une mutation du quartier et que cette tour ne soit plus habitée, avec l'idée consistant à en conserver une trace sous une forme ou sous une autre, en conservant sa silhouette ou en envisageant un oeuvre d'art se substituant à cet édifice..."Implosion Tour Plein Ciel Montreynaud Saint-Etienne
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6afw_e4s1-Y - www.forez-info.com/encyclopedie/traverses/21202-on-tour-m... -
La tour Plein Ciel à Montreynaud a été démolie le jeudi 24 novembre 2011 à 10h45. youtu.be/ietu6yPB5KQ - Mascovich & la tour de Montreynaud www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Zmwn224XE -Travaux dalle du Forum à Montreynaud Saint-Etienne www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WaFbrBEfU4 & içi www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHnT_I5dEyI - et fr3 là www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCsXNOMRWW4 -
@ LES PRESSES
St-Etienne-Montreynaud, Historique de la Zup,
1954 et 1965 : Saint-Etienne, ravagée par les bombardements de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, et surnommée "capitale des taudis", est alors en manque de logements (50% de la population vit dans un logement de moins de 1 pièce !), tandis que sa population augmente d'année en année grâce aux activités industrielles. De ce fait, le premier projet (expérimental) de grands ensembles voit le jour : Beaulieu. Il fournit des dizaines de logements avec tout le confort moderne : c'est un succès.
En 1965, il faut toujours et encore plus de logements : le projet de la Muraille de Chine naît, avec 450 logements de créés (plus grande barre d'habitation d'Europe !). Cette barre est finalement dynamitée le 27 mai 2000 (voir vidéo sur YouTube).
Années 1970 : Saint-Etienne est toujours en manque de logements, certains des immeubles du XIXe siècle étant vétustes. Un énorme projet voit lui aussi le jour : Montreynaud, sur la colline éponyme du nord-est de la ville, encore vierge (on y chassait même !). 22 000 prsonnes peuvent alors être logées dans ces nouveaux grands ensembles. L'architecte Raymond Martin dessine les plans de la majorité des bâtiments, dont ceux de la tour Plein Ciel. La construction débute, la tour est achevée en 1972. Cette dernière surplombe désormais le bassin stéphanois du haut de ses 63 m (92 avec l'antenne). Les appartements sont plutôt grands, de nombreux cadres emménagent dedans. Néanmoins, le choc pétrolier de 1973 a un effet notoire : 45 % des logements ne sont pas vendus.
Au fil des années, le quartier prend mauvaise image, les habitants de la tour et des barres qui en ont les moyens quittent le quartier.
30 décembre 2000 : un incendie se déclare au 11e étage, les pompiers montreront par la suite certaines anomalies dans le bâtiment. La tour se dépeuple peu à peu.
2002 : première évocation de la possible démolition de la Tour, symbole du quartier, qui n'est plus rentable et vétuste.
La démolition est prévue pour 2008.
27 juin 2009 : la nouvelle municipalité décide d'un référendum auprès des habitants du quartier, pour décider de l'avenir de la Tour. De nombreux projets sont évoqués, bien sûr la démolition, mais aussi la transformation en oeuvre d'art, la création d'un restaurant panoramique et même d'un hôtel de police. 73% des personnes ayant voté décident de la démolir : le destin de la Tour Plein Ciel est désormais scellé ...
2009-2011 : la Tour est démantelée et surtout désamiantée.
24 novembre 2011 : à 10h47, la Tour Plein Ciel est foudroyée devant 1000 personnes environ (vidéo disponible sur YouTube). Elle s'effondre, avec sa célèbre coupole tout en élégance en quelques secondes. Puis, elle sert de terrain d'entraînement à 120 pompiers du département, comme lors d'un séisme. Maintenant, l'emplacement de la Tour est un espace vert.
Particularités de cette Tour :
- Visible de quasiment tout le territoire stéphanois
- Sa coupole sur le toit qui n'est ni une soucoupe volante ni un le lieu de tournage de Rencontres du 3e type ;)
Une matinée pour tourner une page, celle de quarante ans d'histoire. Une histoire pour la tour Plein Ciel et ses 18 étages perchés sur la colline de Montreynaud, à Saint-Etienne. Drôle d'histoire.
En 1970 elle est construite par l’architecte Raymond Martin comme une tour de Babel un peu pharaonique qui doit symboliser le renouveau de la ville noire. Mais l’édifice tombe rapidement en désuétude. Il faudra attendre 2009 et un référendum pour officialiser sa destruction. Des histoires pour les habitants de Montreynaud, qui pour certains sont nés et ont grandi à l’ombre de cette tour et de son château d’eau. « Un bol de couscous qui nous rappelait qu’ici c’était chez nous », témoigne joliment Sarah, agrippée au bras de son amie, qui ne cache pas son émotion alors que la tour est sur le point d’être démolie. Elles évoquent leurs souvenirs d’enfance. « Pour nous c’était plus qu’un monument. On passait tout notre temps dans cette tour quand on était petites. Le dentiste, le docteur, les chasses à l’homme… C’était aussi un point de repère, c’était le charme de Montreynaud. »
Pour Imane, 22 ans, « c’est le symbole de Montreynaud qui disparaît. Quand on était à Saint-Etienne, on se repérait grâce à la tour. C’était le seul quartier qui ait un symbole très visible. » A l’intérieur du gymnase Gounod, c’est l’effervescence. 650 personnes, habitant les bâtiments voisins, ont été évacuées le matin même. Elles regagneront leurs logements aux alentours de midi. En attendant, on boit un café, on mange des croissants, on échange sur ce qui apparaît à tous comme un « événement ». La démolition de la tour Plein Ciel n’est pas loin de concurrencer en termes de popularité une rencontre de l’ASSE, à tel point que la Ville a installé un écran géant dans le gymnase afin de savourer au plus près le spectacle. Les images sont rediffusées en boucle. Le film défile au ralenti. Celui de cette tour qui s’effondre en une poignée de secondes, laissant derrière elle un grand nuage de fumée et des tonnes de gravats.
Un pas franchi dans la rénovation urbaine du quartier
Plus loin un groupe de jeunes garçons s’emportent : « Pourquoi ils démolissent la tour, c’est pas bien ! C’est depuis qu’on est né qu’on la connaît, c’est notre emblème, notre symbole ! Elle est grande en plus, 65 m de haut ! Mais qu’est-ce qu’ils vont faire à la place ? Un parc ? Mais ils vont tout laisser pourrir. A Montreynaud, à chaque fois qu’ils mettent un parc il est pété ! ». Dans ce quartier à forte mixité sociale, où l’on ne manie pas la langue de bois, quelques rares habitants font figure d’exception, et se réjouissent : « Elle tombait en morceaux, c’était pitoyable, lâche G. Je ne comprends pas quand j’entends parler d’emblème, de symbole. Quel emblème ? C’était un immeuble insalubre. Depuis 29 ans, on a vue sur cette tour depuis notre salon. Je peux vous dire que ces derniers temps on ne se sentait pas en sécurité. » Pour G., la démolition de la tour Plein ciel peut participer d’un futur embellissement de Montreynaud.
C’est un pas franchi dans la rénovation urbaine du quartier, comme le souligne Pascal Martin Gousset, directeur général adjoint de l’Anru (Agence nationale de la rénovation urbaine). « L’enjeu ce n’est pas la démolition d’un bâtiment mais la reconstruction d’un quartier. Cette forme de bâtiment sur un site excentré n’était pas forcément adaptée à la demande. 40 logements n’ont jamais été vendus sur les 90. Or lorsqu’un immeuble ne correspond plus à une demande, il ne faut pas s’acharner. » Pour Pascal Martin Gousset, ni la transformation de la tour en objet d’art urbain ni sa rénovation n’ont été sérieusement envisagées. « Il y a un attachement psychologique qui est humain mais il faut vivre avec son temps. La rénovation aurait coûté trop cher. » La restructuration de Montreynaud devrait se poursuivre conformément aux plans de l’Anru. Le coût global de la rénovation urbaine sur le quartier se porte à 106 M€.
by Alfredo Fernandes
Alfi Art Production, Divar
41st Tiatr Competition A group of Kala Academy supported by TAG
13.10.2015
more here
joegoauk-tiatr.blogspot.in/2015/10/41st-tiatr-competition...
Nevil Cardozo and Evarist de Arambol
Por favor, leiam.
A vida tem me ensinado muitas coisas e vocês tem aprendido o que com a vida?
A vida me ensinou...
..... a dizer adeus às pessoas que amo,
Sem tira-las do meu coração;
Sorrir às pessoas que não gostam de mim,
Para mostra-las que sou diferente do que elas pensam;
Fazer de conta que tudo está bem quando isso não é verdade,
Para que eu possa acreditar que tudo vai mudar;
Calar-me para ouvir;
Aprender com meus erros .
Afinal eu posso ser sempre melhor.
A lutar contra as injustiças;
Sorrir quando o que mais desejo é gritar todas as minhas dores para o mundo,
A ser forte quando os que amo estão com problemas;
Ser carinhosa com todos que precisam do meu carinho;
Ouvir a todos que só precisam desabafar;
Amar aos que me machucam ou querem fazer de mim depósito de suas frustrações e desafetos;
Perdoar incondicionalmente,
Pois já precisei desse perdão;
Amar incondicionalmente,
Pois também preciso desse amor;
A alegrar a quem precisa;
A pedir perdão;
A sonhar acordada;
A acordar para a realidade (sempre que fosse necessário);
A aproveitar cada instante de felicidade;
A chorar de saudade sem vergonha de demonstrar; (Já fiz d+ esse ano)
Me ensinou a ter olhos para "ver e ouvir estrelas", embora nem sempre consiga entendê-las;
A ver o encanto do pôr-do-sol;
A sentir a dor do adeus e do que se acaba, sempre lutando para preservar tudo o que é importante para a felicidade do meu ser;
A abrir minhas janelas para o amor;
A não temer o futuro;
Me ensinou e está me ensinando a aproveitar o presente, como um presente que da vida recebi, e usá-lo como um diamante que eu mesma tenha que lapidar, lhe dando forma da maneira que eu escolher.
(Fênix Faustine)
We decided to go for a city break rather than sun in Tenerife again this September. Other than a few days in the North East we haven’t been away since last March and wanted a change and hopefully some sun. The problem is getting flights from the north of England to the places we want to go to. We chose Valencia as we could fly from East Midlands – which was still a pain to get to as it involved the most notorious stretch of the M1 at five in the morning. In the end we had a fairly good journey, the new Ryanair business class pre-booked scheme worked quite well and bang on time as usual. It was dull when we landed with storms forecast all week, the sky was bright grey – the kiss of death to the photography I had in mind. I was full of cold and wishing I was at work. It did rain but it was overnight on our first night and didn't affect us. There has been a drought for eleven months apparently and it rained on our first day there! The forecast storms didn't materialise in Valencia but they got it elsewhere.
You May notice discrepancies in the spelling of some Spanish words or names, this is because Valencian is used on signs, in some guide books and maps. There are two languages in common use with distinct differences. There may also be genuine mistakes - it has been known!
Over the course of a Monday to Sunday week we covered 75 miles on foot and saw most of the best of Valencia – The City of Bell Towers. The Old City covers a pretty large area in a very confusing layout. There was a lot of referring to maps – even compass readings! – a first in a city for us. The problem with photography in Valencia is that most of the famous and attractive building are closely built around, some have poor quality housing built on to them. Most photographs have to be taken from an extreme angle looking up. There are no high points as it is pan flat, there are a small number of buildings where you can pay to go up on to the roof for a better view and we went up them – more than once!
The modern buildings of The City of Arts and Sciences – ( Ciutat de Las Arts I de les Ciencies ) are what the city has more recently become famous for, with tourists arriving by the coachload all day until late at night. They must be photographed millions of times a month. We went during the day and stayed till dark one evening, I gave it my best shot but a first time visit is always a compromise between ambition and realism, time dictates that we have to move on to the next destination. I travelled with a full size tripod – another first – I forgot to take it with me to TCoAaS! so It was time to wind up the ISO, again! Needless to say I never used the tripod.
On a day when rain was forecast but it stayed fine, albeit a bit dull, we went to the Bioparc north west of the city, a zoo by another name. There are many claims made for this place, were you can appear to walk alongside some very large animals, including, elephants, lions, giraffe, rhino, gorillas and many types of monkey to name a few. It is laid out in different geographical regions and there is very little between you and the animals, in some cases there is nothing, you enter the enclosure through a double door arrangement and the monkeys are around you. It gets rave reviews and we stayed for most of the day. The animals it has to be said gave the appearance of extreme boredom and frustration and I felt quite sorry for them.
The course of The River Turia was altered after a major flood in the 50’s. The new river runs west of the city flanked by a motorway. The old river, which is massive, deep and very wide between ancient walls, I can’t imagine how it flooded, has been turned into a park that is five miles long. There is an athletics track, football pitches, cycle paths, restaurants, numerous kids parks, ponds, fountains, loads of bridges, historic and modern. At the western end closest to the sea sits The City of Arts and Sciences – in the river bed. Where it meets the sea there is Valencia’s urban Formula One racetrack finishing in the massive marina built for The Americas Cup. The race track is in use as roadways complete with fully removable street furniture, kerbs, bollards, lights, islands and crossings, everything is just sat on the surface ready to be moved.
We found the beach almost by accident, we were desperate for food after putting in a lot of miles and the afternoon was ticking by. What a beach, 100’s of metres wide and stretching as far as the eye could see with a massive promenade. The hard thing was choosing, out of the dozens of restaurants, all next door to each other, all serving traditional Paella – rabbit and chicken – as well as seafood, we don’t eat seafood and it constituted 90% of the menu in most places. Every restaurant does a fixed price dish of the day, with a few choices, three courses and a drink. Some times this was our only meal besides making the most of the continental breakfast at the hotel. We had a fair few bar stops with the local wine being cheap and pleasant it would have been a shame not to, there would have been a one woman riot – or strike!
On our final day, a Sunday, we were out of bed and down for breakfast at 7.45 as usual, the place was deserted barring a waiter. We walked out of the door at 8.30 – in to the middle of a mass road race with many thousands of runners, one of a series that take place in Valencia – apparently! We struggled to find out the distance, possibly 10km. The finish was just around the corner so off we went with the camera gear, taking photos of random runners and groups. There was a TV crew filming it and some local celebrity (I think) commentating. Next we came across some sort of wandering religious and musical event. Some sort of ritual was played out over the course of Sunday morning in various locations, it involved catholic priests and religious buildings and another film crew. The Catholic tourists and locals were filling the (many) churches for Sunday mass. Amongst all of this we had seen men walking around in Arab style dress – the ones in black looked like the ones from ISIS currently beheading people – all carrying guns. A bit disconcerting. We assumed that there had been some sort of battle enactment. We were wrong, it hadn’t happened yet. A while later, about 11.30 we could hear banging, fireworks? No it was our friends with the guns. We were caught up in total mayhem, around 60 men randomly firing muskets with some sort of blank rounds, the noise, smoke and flames from the muzzles were incredible. We were about to climb the Torres de Serranos which is where, unbeknown to us, the grand, and deafening, finale was going to be. We could feel the blast in our faces on top of the tower. Yet again there was a film camera in attendance. I couldn’t get close ups but I got a good overview and shot my first video with the 5D, my first in 5 years of owning a DLSR with the capability. I usually use my phone ( I used my phone as well). Later in the day there was a bullfight taking place, the ring was almost next to our hotel, in the end we had other things to do and gave it a miss, it was certainly a busy Sunday in the city centre, whether it’s the norm or not I don’t know.
There is a tram system in Valencia but it goes from the port area into the newer part of the city on the north side, it wouldn’t be feasible to serve the historic old city really. A quick internet search told me that there are 55,000 university students in the city, a pretty big number. I think a lot of the campus is on the north side and served by the tram although there is a massive fleet of buses as well. There is a massive, very impressive market building , with 100’s of stalls that would make a photo project on its own, beautiful on the inside and out but very difficult to get decent photos of the exterior other than detail shots owing to the closeness of other buildings and the sheer size of it. Across town, another market has been beautifully renovated and is full of bars and restaurants and a bit of a destination in its own right.
A downside was the all too typical shafting by the taxi drivers who use every trick in the book to side step the official tariffs and rob you. The taxi from the airport had a “broken” meter and on the way home we were driven 22 km instead of the nine that is the actual distance. Some of them seem to view tourists as cash cows to be robbed at all costs. I emailed the Marriot hotel as they ordered the taxi, needless to say no answer from Marriot – they’ve had their money. We didn’t get the rip off treatment in the bars etc. that we experienced in Rome, prices are very fair on most things, certainly considering the city location.
All in all we had a good trip and can highly recommend Valencia.
We decided to go for a city break rather than sun in Tenerife again this September. Other than a few days in the North East we haven’t been away since last March and wanted a change and hopefully some sun. The problem is getting flights from the north of England to the places we want to go to. We chose Valencia as we could fly from East Midlands – which was still a pain to get to as it involved the most notorious stretch of the M1 at five in the morning. In the end we had a fairly good journey, the new Ryanair business class pre-booked scheme worked quite well and bang on time as usual. It was dull when we landed with storms forecast all week, the sky was bright grey – the kiss of death to the photography I had in mind. I was full of cold and wishing I was at work. It did rain but it was overnight on our first night and didn't affect us. There has been a drought for eleven months apparently and it rained on our first day there! The forecast storms didn't materialise in Valencia but they got it elsewhere.
You May notice discrepancies in the spelling of some Spanish words or names, this is because Valencian is used on signs, in some guide books and maps. There are two languages in common use with distinct differences. There may also be genuine mistakes - it has been known!
Over the course of a Monday to Sunday week we covered 75 miles on foot and saw most of the best of Valencia – The City of Bell Towers. The Old City covers a pretty large area in a very confusing layout. There was a lot of referring to maps – even compass readings! – a first in a city for us. The problem with photography in Valencia is that most of the famous and attractive building are closely built around, some have poor quality housing built on to them. Most photographs have to be taken from an extreme angle looking up. There are no high points as it is pan flat, there are a small number of buildings where you can pay to go up on to the roof for a better view and we went up them – more than once!
The modern buildings of The City of Arts and Sciences – ( Ciutat de Las Arts I de les Ciencies ) are what the city has more recently become famous for, with tourists arriving by the coachload all day until late at night. They must be photographed millions of times a month. We went during the day and stayed till dark one evening, I gave it my best shot but a first time visit is always a compromise between ambition and realism, time dictates that we have to move on to the next destination. I travelled with a full size tripod – another first – I forgot to take it with me to TCoAaS! so It was time to wind up the ISO, again! Needless to say I never used the tripod.
On a day when rain was forecast but it stayed fine, albeit a bit dull, we went to the Bioparc north west of the city, a zoo by another name. There are many claims made for this place, were you can appear to walk alongside some very large animals, including, elephants, lions, giraffe, rhino, gorillas and many types of monkey to name a few. It is laid out in different geographical regions and there is very little between you and the animals, in some cases there is nothing, you enter the enclosure through a double door arrangement and the monkeys are around you. It gets rave reviews and we stayed for most of the day. The animals it has to be said gave the appearance of extreme boredom and frustration and I felt quite sorry for them.
The course of The River Turia was altered after a major flood in the 50’s. The new river runs west of the city flanked by a motorway. The old river, which is massive, deep and very wide between ancient walls, I can’t imagine how it flooded, has been turned into a park that is five miles long. There is an athletics track, football pitches, cycle paths, restaurants, numerous kids parks, ponds, fountains, loads of bridges, historic and modern. At the western end closest to the sea sits The City of Arts and Sciences – in the river bed. Where it meets the sea there is Valencia’s urban Formula One racetrack finishing in the massive marina built for The Americas Cup. The race track is in use as roadways complete with fully removable street furniture, kerbs, bollards, lights, islands and crossings, everything is just sat on the surface ready to be moved.
We found the beach almost by accident, we were desperate for food after putting in a lot of miles and the afternoon was ticking by. What a beach, 100’s of metres wide and stretching as far as the eye could see with a massive promenade. The hard thing was choosing, out of the dozens of restaurants, all next door to each other, all serving traditional Paella – rabbit and chicken – as well as seafood, we don’t eat seafood and it constituted 90% of the menu in most places. Every restaurant does a fixed price dish of the day, with a few choices, three courses and a drink. Some times this was our only meal besides making the most of the continental breakfast at the hotel. We had a fair few bar stops with the local wine being cheap and pleasant it would have been a shame not to, there would have been a one woman riot – or strike!
On our final day, a Sunday, we were out of bed and down for breakfast at 7.45 as usual, the place was deserted barring a waiter. We walked out of the door at 8.30 – in to the middle of a mass road race with many thousands of runners, one of a series that take place in Valencia – apparently! We struggled to find out the distance, possibly 10km. The finish was just around the corner so off we went with the camera gear, taking photos of random runners and groups. There was a TV crew filming it and some local celebrity (I think) commentating. Next we came across some sort of wandering religious and musical event. Some sort of ritual was played out over the course of Sunday morning in various locations, it involved catholic priests and religious buildings and another film crew. The Catholic tourists and locals were filling the (many) churches for Sunday mass. Amongst all of this we had seen men walking around in Arab style dress – the ones in black looked like the ones from ISIS currently beheading people – all carrying guns. A bit disconcerting. We assumed that there had been some sort of battle enactment. We were wrong, it hadn’t happened yet. A while later, about 11.30 we could hear banging, fireworks? No it was our friends with the guns. We were caught up in total mayhem, around 60 men randomly firing muskets with some sort of blank rounds, the noise, smoke and flames from the muzzles were incredible. We were about to climb the Torres de Serranos which is where, unbeknown to us, the grand, and deafening, finale was going to be. We could feel the blast in our faces on top of the tower. Yet again there was a film camera in attendance. I couldn’t get close ups but I got a good overview and shot my first video with the 5D, my first in 5 years of owning a DLSR with the capability. I usually use my phone ( I used my phone as well). Later in the day there was a bullfight taking place, the ring was almost next to our hotel, in the end we had other things to do and gave it a miss, it was certainly a busy Sunday in the city centre, whether it’s the norm or not I don’t know.
There is a tram system in Valencia but it goes from the port area into the newer part of the city on the north side, it wouldn’t be feasible to serve the historic old city really. A quick internet search told me that there are 55,000 university students in the city, a pretty big number. I think a lot of the campus is on the north side and served by the tram although there is a massive fleet of buses as well. There is a massive, very impressive market building , with 100’s of stalls that would make a photo project on its own, beautiful on the inside and out but very difficult to get decent photos of the exterior other than detail shots owing to the closeness of other buildings and the sheer size of it. Across town, another market has been beautifully renovated and is full of bars and restaurants and a bit of a destination in its own right.
A downside was the all too typical shafting by the taxi drivers who use every trick in the book to side step the official tariffs and rob you. The taxi from the airport had a “broken” meter and on the way home we were driven 22 km instead of the nine that is the actual distance. Some of them seem to view tourists as cash cows to be robbed at all costs. I emailed the Marriot hotel as they ordered the taxi, needless to say no answer from Marriot – they’ve had their money. We didn’t get the rip off treatment in the bars etc. that we experienced in Rome, prices are very fair on most things, certainly considering the city location.
All in all we had a good trip and can highly recommend Valencia.
The entire Randall Park Mall site looks like it is on its way to becoming a lake. The low lying areas of the parking lots, the receiving area of the old Macy's, and the bottom of the abandoned hotel are all underwater.
The Randall Park Mall was opened in 1976 and was briefly the largest shopping center in the world, topping in at 2 million square feet. JCPenney, Horne's, Sears, May Company, and Higbee's were the original anchor stores. Sadly, the mall had a decline which led to its closure in 2009. Burlington Coat Factory (former Horne's) is the only "anchor" at the site. The Power Sport institute and a furniture liquidation center are the only other remaining businesses here. The rest of the mall has been left to rot. I wish I could get to go inside of this mall for pictures especially since it is planned to be demolished for an industrial park soon.
Randall Park Mall - North Randall, Ohio
Flickr is a mess in Firefox. It started midday on Monday. I thought it was just another problem with the system (note the uploading problems on Monday), but eventually I realized that the site was showing up just fine in IE.
So what in the world is going on? I deleted the Flickr cookies, but that didn't change anything. The css files seem to come up fine on their own, but it looks like they're not being pulled in when rendering the basic pages.
Any ideas? Thanks!
In the end, clearing the cache worked. It's something I really didn't want to have to do, but after trying several other things, it was the only idea I had left.
Ethiopia was the third country to adopt Christianity. Lalibela is the religious centre of ths country and this is where I took this shot. There are 13 (?) rock carved churches there dating back 700 years. They are linked by underground tunnels. They are of impressive architecture. Here this man displays the wealth of the church.
In Ethiopia there are many Moslems as well. They practise their religions alongside each other without problems.
What I found disturbing in Lalibela was seeing young boys of 9-10 learning parts of the bible by heart. There is no thought in this - it is pure brainwashing. Surely no child should be introduced to religion until he/she is 13-14 and able to understand what it is all about? If all countries were to adopt this approach and teach children about all religions rather than just brainwash them with one what a better more tolerant world we would have. I doubt many would be religious.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 14, Nos. 1-4, 1920
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1920
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE V</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY AT ANNAPOLIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant L. B. Solhaug, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical and Hygienic Aspects of Submarine Service.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander E. W. Brown, Medical Corps, U. S. N 8</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report on Facial and Jaw Injuries.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 17 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Military Orthopedic Hospitals in the British Isles.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant R. Hammond. Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 65</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medicine in Rome 103</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The New Year — Standards of Duty 127</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">IN MEMORIAM :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Edward Grahame Parker.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain C. E. Riggs, Medical Corps, U. S. N 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Changes in Scuttle Butts Aboard Ship.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander J. A. B. Sinclair, Medical Corps,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. N. R. F 137</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Emergency Evacuation Device 145</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bronchopulmonary Spirochetosis in an American.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant G. W. Lewis, Medical Corps, U. S. N 149 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Encephalitis Lethargica.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant A. F. Kuhlman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 151</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Defense of the Open-Air Treatment of Pneumonia.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant D. Ferguson, jr., Medical Corps, U. S. N 153</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Carbon tetrachloride poisoning. —Civil service positions. — Serum treatment
in yellow fever. —" Deer-fly disease." — Request for specimens.—
Medical personnel of the French Navy.—Centenary celebrations. —Situs inversus.
—Italian view of prohibition. — Effects of prohibition In Chicago. — Treatment
of sterility. — Pilocarpine in influenza. —A death from anesthesia.- — Free
hospital service in Oklahoma City. —Birth rate of Manila. —Expansion of the
Faculty of Medicine, Paris. —Statistics on blindness. —French eight-hour law. —
Corporation philanthropy 155</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Receiving Ship Barracks, New York.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. G. Farwell and Lieutenant R. M. Krepps, Medical Corps,
U. S. N 163</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Grounding of the U. S. S. Northern Pacific.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. C. Ruddock, Medical Corps, U. S. N 185</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Impressions of a Reservist.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. R. G. Crandon, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F <span> </span>188</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Types of Neurological and Psychiatric Cases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander E. C Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 191</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yellow Fever.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander T. Wilson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 200</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Asepsis of Abdominal Incisions.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Chloride Intravenously for Hemoptysis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Fickel, Medical Corps, U. S. N<span> </span><span> </span>210</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital Records 213</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Arabians and the First Revival of Learning 225</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital Garbage Disposal.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 237</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Flat-Foot Ladder 240</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chondrodysplasia with Exostoses.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant R. W. Hutchinson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 243</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case of Vascular Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant A. E. Kuhlmann, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Lieutenant
Commander C. C. Ammerman, Medical Corps, U.S.N.R. F 245</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Two Cases of Encephalitis Lethargica.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander R. I. Longabaugh, Medical Corps, U. S. N 249</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case of Foreign Body in the Head.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander L. M. Schimdt, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 254</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Late Treatment of War Osteomyelitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant E. I. Salisbury, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 255</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Two Cases of Gas Gangrene.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander L. M. Schmidt, Medical Corps. U. S. N 257</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Gastric Ulcer with Perforation.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant G. G. Holladay, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 259</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Internal Ophthalmoplegia.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander E. E. Woodland, Medical Corps, U.S.N<span> </span><span> </span>260</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Open Treatment of a Fractured Metacarpal Bone.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant R. W. Auerbach, Medical Corps, U. S. N 263</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Supernumerary Phalanx.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant R. S. Reeves, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 265</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Cask of Ruptured Kidney.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander K. It. Richardson, Medical Corps, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Mustard Gas and the Cardiovascular System.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ry Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case of Ulcer of the Sigmoid Flexure.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case of Malposition.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant A. C. Toll inner, Dental Corps, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General Medicine — Blood pressure and posture —Intramuscular Injections
of quinine in malaria — Vincent's disease Surgery — Appendicitis amongst
sailors— Transplanting of bone— Rectal ether anesthesia</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and Sanitation — Destruction of lice by steam</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, Ear. Nose, and Throat — Ocular phenomena in the psychoneuroses of
warfare —Ocular complications due to typhoid inoculations</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis and the war—Bone surgery —National Research Council— Laboratories
in Poland— National Anaesthesia Research Society — Vanderbilt Medical School —
Municipal education in Detroit — Female medical matriculates— Degrees conferred
by Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh — Speech defects — Typhoid fever in
New York — Venereal diseases in California- — Omissions in the Annual Report of
the Surgeon General, 1919</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. Navy Ambulance Boat No. 1.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist's Mate D. V. De Witt, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Physical Development in the Navy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant B. G. Baker, Medical Corps, U. S. N</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Venereal Prophylaxis at Great Lakes, III.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenants D. It. Blender and L. A. Burrows, Medical Corps, U. S.
N. R. F</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of 505 Tonsillectomies.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant W. P. Vail, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">History of the U. S. Naval Hospital, Chelsea, Mass.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain N. J. Blackwood, Medical Corps, U. S. N 311</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTRUCTION FOR THE HOSPITAL CORPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 338</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Study of Two Cases of Diabetes Mellitus.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant L. F. Craver, Medical Corps, TJ. S. N 345</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Flat Foot in the Navy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant C. F. Painter, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 359</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Static Defects of the Lower Extremities.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant A. A. Marsteller, Medical Corps, U. S. N 365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Treatment of Malaria.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N 367</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Navy Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant W. H. Cechla, Medical Corps, U. S. N 371</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">American Founders of Gynecology 373</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">"Bring Forth Your Dead "—Is Educational Prophylaxis Effective
381</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">William Martin —John Wolton Ross —Oliver Dwight Norton, Jr<span> </span>389</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Interdental Ligation for Jaw Fractures.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant W. F. Murdy, Dental Corps, U. S. N 391</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Temporary Stopping.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N<span> </span>394</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ASCARIASIS AND APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander E. G. Hakansson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 394</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Malarial Crescents.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 395</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Poisoning by Jelly Fish.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander A. H. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 396</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Traumatic Rupture of Kidney.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 397</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case of Erythema Multiforme.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant M. F. Czubak, Medical Corps, U. S. N 399</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General Medicine. — Static back trouble—Benzyl benzoate —Relation of
anaphylaxis to asthma and eczema —High enema —Treatment of typhus —Thilerium
hominis 401</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Mental and Nervous Diseases. —Insanity as a defense in crime —The nervousness
of the Jew— The Babinski reflex —Problems of delinquency —Encephalomyelitis in
Australia 408</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. — Radium — Surgery of peripheral nerves — Referred symptoms in
diseases of gall-bladder and appendix—Intracranial pressure —Protection of the
skin in surgical operations—Anesthesia</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">from drugs administered by the mouth —A new skin-suture material —
Roentgen-ray problems , 414</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and Sanitation. — Birth control—Typhoid fever in vaccinated
troops —Detection of typhoid carriers —Streptococci in market milk
—Tuberculosis in San Francisco —An experiment in sanitary education —Oral
hygiene —Differential diagnosis between trachoma and follicular conjunctivitis
—Left - handedness —The Negritos of the Philippine Islands —Tropical Australia
425</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">American Society for the Control of Cancer — Pay of Italian medical officers
— The passing of the book worm— The neurotic girl —Control of druggists in
Michigan — English statistics on alcoholism —Prevention of simple goiter— Value
of quarantine against influenza in Australia —W. P. C. Barton, first chief of
the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery—Information on blood-pressure estimation
—Automobile accidents —Egyptian Medical School — Educational movement In U. S.
Army 443</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Health Conditions in Santo Domingo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, U. S. N 453</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">History of U. S. S. Pocahontas During the War,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander M. Boland, Medical Corps, U. S. N 460</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">With the American Peace Commission.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander A. D. McLean, Medical Corps, U. S. N 500</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Testing Water for Storage Batteries.<span>
</span>502</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report from Naval Medical School Laboratory 505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE V</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SURGICAL <span> </span>ACTIVITIES AT THE NAVAL
HOSPITAL, NEW YORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Interesting bone cases 512</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Fractubes of the anterior tuberosity of the tibia and Osgood-Schlatter's
disease 516</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Carrel-Dakin technique for empyema 527 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Physical therapy 535</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Occupational therapy 536</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">War wounds of the joints.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. L. Delrez, Faculty of Medicine Liege 537</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case or joint treatment by Willems's method 545</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chronic intestinal stasis 545</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Carrel-Dakin technique in treatment of carbuncle 549</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of sarcoma of the foot 550</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A case of Jacksonian epilepsy with spastic contracture 551</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case Of Osteoma Of The Humerus 552</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A Case Of Bone Infection Resembling Sarcoma 552</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Wound closures after Carrel-Dakin treatment 553</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ether in peritonitis 557</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The founders ok naval hygiene. Lind, Trotter, and Blane 563</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital standards —As seen from within 629</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Vision test apparatus.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander H. W. Glltner, Medical Corps, U. S.N. R. F 637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Treatment of cement floors.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 638</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ophthalmitis in secondary syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, U. S. N 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TWO CASES OF OPTIC ATROPHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieutenant G. L. McClintock,
Medical Corps, U. S. N 641</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Arsphenamine in malaria.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. H. Michael, Medical Corps, U. S. N 643</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ureteral calculus. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. J. Zalesky and Lieutenant Commander P. F. Prioleau,
Medical Corps, U. S. N 644</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. — Treatment of respiratory catarrhs.—Tests of thyroid
hypersensitiveness. —A diet sheet for nephritics.— Delayed arsenical poisoning
647</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —Open treatment of fractures. — Treatment of crushed extremities.
—Nerve injuries of the war 653</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hygiene and sanitation. —Disinfection of tubercular sputum. — Syphilis
in railroad employees 659</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical diseases. —Ulcerating granuloma 663</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, .nose, and throat. — Frontal sinus drainage. —Anesthetics in throat
surgery. —Correction of nasal deformities</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">American Library Association.— Mental defects in the United States. —
"Tea-taster's " cough. — Scientific basis of carelessness. — "The
case against the prophylactic packet." —Treatment of leprosy. — Medical
training in London. —A new Army and Navy Club. — The Navy Mutual Aid
Association. — Medical school of the University of Virginia. —A new medical
quarterly. —Solar therapy. — Novarsenobenzol subcutaneously. —Economic loss
from rats. —The flight of mosquitoes. —A medical centenarian. — A French hospital
ship. — Potassium-mercuric-iodide.— Dermatitis in industrial work. —</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Radium.— A twelfth century epitaph 663</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Arsenical preparations used intravenously.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain E. S. Bogert, Medical Corps, U. S. N 679</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Venereal disease in the Dominican Republic.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. W. Vann and Lieutenant B. Groesbeck, Medical Corps, U.
S. N 681</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">American legation guard, Managua, Nicaragua.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander F. F. Murdock, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 684</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Sanitary conditions in Vladivostok.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant A S. Judy, Medical Corps, U. S. N 689</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital records.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commander H. W. Smith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 698</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL RECORDS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. U. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 706</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A DEATH FROM ETHER DUE TO STATUS LYMPHATICUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain A. W. Dunbar, Medical Corps, U. S. N 714</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical prophylaxis against venereal diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant P. W. Dreifus, Medical Corps, U. S. N 715</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 718</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX 721</p>
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Ending your marriage can be the worst phase of your life. Sharing your life with a person and loving him/ her unconditionally is a big change. After you choose someone your soul mate separating from them can be quite a chaos. Astrology has various remedies to bind a person to you. With husband wife divorce problem solution your spouse will never think of taking a divorce again.
www.onlineastrologyexpert.com/husband-wife-problem-solution/
Third in a set of five photos about the rapid evolution
of HaringAi - Haringey Council's Artificial Intelligence
Report-a-Problem online e-form.
________________________
Back in April 2008, I felt I'd begun to make friends with HaringAi.
Spotting this dumped vacuum cleaner I supplied my electronic chum with a street-name and a real house number. But like a small child, it kept asking for more information.
Realising its database was then at an early stage, I typed into the Council's webform:
"A vacuum cleaner is a domestic cleaning machine which uses suction to remove unwanted matter - for example, crumbs, dust, cat hairs etc - from household objects like furniture; and surfaces such as carpets and other flooring. This model - dumped on the pavement in Carew Road - can be easily spotted by its shiny cherry-red colour."
______________________
Third in a set of five photos
◄◄ First photo | | ◄ Second photo | | ► Fourth photo | | ►► Fifth photo & what HaringAi did next.
This is another project I have been working on entitled, "the walls we build".
north end, boise, id
taken 19 september 2024
mamiya 7ii
mamiya 65mm f/4
kodak portra 160
Scanned with dslr
Home developed
cinestill cs41
3 min 30 sec
Cantaloupe are responsible for nearly 30 outbreaks and recalls since 1990, killing two people and sickening more than 1,200. The fruit's netted rind hides harmful pathogens like salmonella and E. coli, which can eventually penetrate the shell and infect the fleshy, nutrient-rich core. (Photo by Brandon Quester/News21)
Cantaloupe are responsible for nearly 30 outbreaks and recalls since 1990, killing two people and sickening more than 1,200. The fruit's netted rind hides harmful pathogens like salmonella and E. coli, which can eventually penetrate the shell and infect the fleshy, nutrient-rich core. (Photo by Brandon Quester/News21)
Despite the snow, 47416 is on time as it heads a diverted Newcastle - Poole service down the now closed Leamside line near Washington. February 1984.
Problems with uploading today! Photos obviously not being seen - no views. Flickr is apparently working to fix the upload issue.
Wednesday, 10 June 2020: our temperature around 2:00 pm is 20C (windchill 20C). Sunrise is at 5:21 am, and sunset is at 9:50 pm. Sun and cloud.
Yesterday, 9 June 2020, I drove SE of the city to the Frank Lake area. Though the gate has been open for a while, the water level is higher than I have ever seen it in years. Really not worth the drive at the moment, as the blind is boarded up to prevent people going in there while social-distancing is in effect. The boardwalk is totally under water and the blind looks like it is floating out in a lake. I stayed on the road, rather than walk across the grass to get closer - had visions of suddenly sinking down into flooded grass. Presumably the water level of the whole area will eventually lower. The only photos I took was when I was driving along the gravel road.
I did see one interesting thing along the gravel road - a Brown-headed Cowbird doing a head-down display. This was something I had never seen before and I was totally unaware that Brown-headed Cowbirds have this behaviour. Many times, I have seen several of these highly gregarious birds sitting together on a fence railing, with their heads all pointing upwards at the exact same angle. When I first saw this bird, it had its back to me and it was lying flat on a rock. It looked iridescent and reminded me a little of a Tree Swallow. Then it stood up and eventually put its head down and spread its wings. There were several other Cowbirds flying around. Nice to learn something new!
After checking out the blind area from my car, I drove around the lake, finding just a handful of birds to photograph. Nothing unusual, but I enjoyed seeing and photographing 'anything' right now : ) From there, I drove north and out on to the main highway back to the city.
The weather was absolutely gorgeous - blue sky with masses of white clouds. Pretty windy, but I was in my car most of the time, so it didn't matter.
www.arqueologiadelperu.com/peru-one-of-the-three-wonders-...
Peru
[caption id="attachment_414208" align="alignright" width="150"] Resembling an ornate garden maze from above, suqakollos are a patterned system of raised cropland and water-filled trenches. Photograph: Ronald Reategui[/caption]
On the hardscrabble, treeless highland plain that joins Peru with Bolivia, farmers have eked out an existence for thousands of years amid bitter winters and the harsh sun, at 4,000 metres above sea level and higher.
As scientists predict climate change will make the Altiplano’s weather even more inclement and unpredictable, today’s farmers are reviving an ancestral system of cultivation and irrigation using what looks like an intricate piece of land sculpture.
Resembling an ornate garden maze from above, suqakollos – or waru-warus – are a patterned system of raised cropland and water-filled trenches.
Alipio Canahua, an agronomist working with the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), says that the ancient agricultural system, which could date back 3,000 years, actually creates its own microclimate.
“It captures water when there are droughts and drains away water when there’s too much rain, meaning that it irrigates the crops all year round,” he says. “When it comes to temperature, we’ve measured a rise of three degrees centigrade in the immediate environment around it – this can save a significant percentage of the crops from being killed in frosts.”
A suqakollo can also be a small oasis in the scorching daytime sun, which yellows even the coarse highland grass, known as ichu – the main fodder for the alpacas and llamas herded by the local Aymara people.
Canahua has been leading the resurgence of this ancient farming system with local communities, restoring old suqakollos and building new ones.
[caption id="attachment_414209" align="alignleft" width="150"] Sonia Ticona, a local indigenous Aymara leader, explains that her community are reviving techniques used by their great-great-grandfathers. Photograph: Ronald Reategui[/caption]
Sonia Ticona, a local indigenous Aymara leader who has been working with Canahua, says that in her village, the women work harder than the men to dig the trenches which are filled with water.
“Our great-great-grandfathers used the suqakollo system then at some point, and we don’t know why, they stopped. Now we are restarting it and bringing it up to date – men and women working together.”
Potatoes have been sown this season – next year it will be quinoa – in a carefully planned crop rotation, explains Canahua. While the yields are smaller than cultivating in larger fields, beating the plummeting winter temperatures, which can reach -20C, can prevent devastating crop losses.
The suqakollos project is one of several globally important agricultural heritage systems (GIAHS) funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which is working with the regional governments of Cusco and Puno. Along with Peru’s agricultural ministry, the FAO is promoting family farming with the GIAHS methodology.
Canahua’s only frustration is that it’s not possible to make the suqakollos as big as Puno’s pre-hispanic people did. Archaeologists say that people have lived on the Altiplano – on the shores of the highest navigable lake, Lake Titicaca – for some 8,000 years, and traces of the ancient canals still mark the high plain. Roads and boundaries between communal lands, however, have limited the space available.
John Preissing, the FAO’s representative in Peru, says the pilot project has produced more than double the normal crop yields.
“We can’t isolate just the fact that we‘re using suqakollos but we can say that between the water management, the soil management and the fertiliser management, we are reaching double the harvest numbers.”
Figures for 2013-14 indicate that suqakollo’s crop yields for quinoa are 3.2 tonnes per hectare, more than double the average of 1.3 tonnes per hectare for the same crop grown on the plain.
Ancestral crops like quinoa, and its kiwicha and kaniwa varieties, could make this labour-intensive, complex farming system worthwhile; international demand for the superfoods has multiplied the price, bringing in extra income for these smallholder farmers.
Dan Collyns
India
[caption id="attachment_414210" align="alignright" width="150"] The Chand baoli near Jaipur extends almost 100ft into the ground, making it one of the deepest and largest stepwells in India. Photograph: dbimages/Alamy[/caption]
Across large swaths of the Thar desert in western India, traditional techniques for harvesting the little amount of rain that falls has helped people survive the powerful effects of the sun for centuries.
The most beautiful of these are step wells – known as baolis in Hindi – large, stone structures built to provide water for drinking and agriculture. Baolis have existed for at least 1,000 years and were constructed in towns and alongside serais (travellers’ inns), across the desert and into Delhi.
Baolis exist in all shapes and sizes and are essentially reservoirs built into the earth. Groundwater is pulled up from a circular well at the bottom and rainwater is collected from above. A set of steps – on one or more sides of the structure – lead down to the water level, which fluctuates depending on the amount of rain. More recently, electric pumps have been installed in many baolis to help retrieve the water.
“Step wells are etched into people’s collective memory so deeply, they are now part of their DNA, passed on from one generation to another,” says Farhad Contractor of the Sambhaav Trust, an ecological conservation group.
[caption id="attachment_414211" align="alignleft" width="150"] Workers carry out conservation work at Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliyas baoli in New Delhi. Photograph: Anindito Mukherjee/EPA[/caption]
Today, many baolis have fallen prey to rapid urbanisation and neglect. In Delhi only around 15 survive but local groups are fighting to protect and preserve them. While 700mm of rain falls on Delhi every year, half of the city has been declared a dark zone – where the groundwater level has depleted so much that the rate of recharge is less than the rate of withdrawal – by the groundwater authority. Rainwater harvesting, therefore, is key to a secure water supply for India’s second-biggest city.
One such baoli restored by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) was built in the 14th century in Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti, a medieval village in Delhi named after Sufi saint, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya. In 2008, parts of the baoli walls collapsed due to sewage water seeping into the structure and the local residents using it as a rubbish dump. The pool was drained and the rubbish, garbage and sludge that had accumulated over the past 700 years was removed to reach the foundation of the baoli some 80 feet below ground level. While the water in the baoli is still not potable, it can be used for cleaning and agriculture.
Experts say the baoli model can be replicated anywhere in the world with similar climatic conditions and physiological features. Contractor has been invited to Morocco where he is working on a project to build baolis and smaller wells, known as beris in Hindi.
But large baolis need large catchment areas, and in Delhi space is an issue. While the majority of the physical structures of baolis are protected – some by being sited inside historic monuments – urban development in Delhi has had a greater impact on their water levels; storm drains divert rain away from baoli catchment areas.
Diwan Singh, an activist with non-profit Natural Heritage First, says that even though many baolis in Delhi are surrounded by buildings, the wells can still be recharged. “Catchment area management is the key. In the small areas of land between the baolis and buildings, rainwater harvesting pits could be built to divert rainwater away from the storm drains,” he says. “Once in the pit, water will percolate through the soil and recharge the nearby baoli, allowing modern development and ancient structures to co-exist side by side.”
Nivedita Khandekar
Kenya
[caption id="attachment_414212" align="alignright" width="150"] The construction of a sand dam involves building a concrete barrier or wall across a seasonal river. Photograph: Geoffrey Kamadi[/caption]
Makueni County – just over 100 miles south of Nairobi – has one of the most inhospitable environments in the country.
The region’s sandy loam soil supports little else besides the thorny, stunted shrubs that stretch for miles, interspersed only by gigantic baobab trees or some species of the hardy acacia. The only food crops cultivated here are sorghum, cassava and pigeon peas – drought-tolerant crops. With an average annual rainfall of just 600mm, meaningful agriculture is nearly impossible.
Water access is a big problem. In Kenya, 63% of the population use an improved source of drinking water and 46% live below the poverty line. Women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa spend up to four hours a day fetching water, according to the One campaign.
But things are changing for the better, thanks to an ancient water harvesting technique being used in the dry regions. Sand dams, which were invented by the Romans in 400BC, have become an important source of water for domestic and agricultural needs.
Sand dams are constructed by building a concrete barrier or wall across a seasonal river with a firm bedrock. As the river flows, sand in the water is deposited behind the wall. Over time, layers of sand build into a reservoir for water, which remains stored in the sand once the river level drops. Evaporation is virtually impossible below a metre of sand – no matter how intense the sun – and the water is clean and safe for immediate drinking as the sand acts like a filter.
[caption id="attachment_414213" align="alignleft" width="150"] A woman collects water stored beneath the sand. Photograph: Geoffrey Kamadi[/caption]
The Africa Sand Dam Foundation (ASDF) has been facilitating the construction of the dams alongside Excellent Development (ED), a UK-based NGO that has enabled the construction of 838 sand dams in rural dry lands across eight countries. The work of ED has improved access to clean water for more than 800,000 people, according to Jonny McKay, the NGO’s communications manager.
Not only have the sand dams improved water security for local communities. Villagers are also coming together to form self-help groups to construct the dams with assistance from the NGOs, and to initiate agro-based economic schemes.
“We are able to practise agribusiness now that we have water available for irrigation,” says Elizabeth Ndungune, the chairwoman of the Star Thange self-help women’s group in Ulilinzi. Using water from the sand dam built on the nearby River Thange, the group can now grow kale, tomatoes, beans and other crops. They sell whatever they harvest and pool the proceeds, which help families pay for school fees.
While sand dams are a cheap and simple solution to some complex problems, they can fail if they are not applied in a way that meets the users’ needs. “The biggest challenge is ensuring that the technology is applied to specific local conditions and people’s needs, rather than simply being replicated from one place and situation to another,” says McKay.
But the initiative is gaining momentum and expanding not only to other parts of the country, but to Tanzania, Chad, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and even to India.
Geoffrey Kamadi
.....but a penguin ain't 1? This toy belongs to a 9 year old boy. What's he know 'bout 99 problems? I HOPE he means penguin considering the lyrics to the actual Jay-Z song and all.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the model, the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Dornier Do 319 was directly inspired by the (modest) successes experienced by the Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. Design work started before World War II began, but problems with engines, metallurgy and top-level interference kept the aircraft from operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944.
However, when it became clear that the new jet engine carried the potential for aircraft that were faster than piston engine counterparts, the German Navy urged the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) to develop an amphibian fighter, attack and reconnaissance aircraft. This was not to be a navalized Me 262 (which was regarded as impossible due to the aircraft’s layout with low wings and underslung engine nacelles, and added floats would have ruined the aircraft’s aerodynamics, too), but rather a dedicated single-seat jet aircraft. This new design was to be either operated from catapults (replacing the Marine’s standard on-board aircraft, the Arado Ar 196 floatplane) or, with foldable wings, from submarines with water-tight hangars. This concept had already been discussed in the mid-late 1930s, when German class III submarines were to be outfitted with such compartments – but at that time for small motorboats only, for covert landing operations, and no submarine was converted accordingly. But the concept still found a lot of attention.
Dornier was tasked with the development of such an aircraft, based on the experience gained with the Me 262 and its innovative means of propulsion. Dornier realized that the new turbojet engine presented an opportunity to overcome the drawback of floatplanes if it was possible to combine the light jet engine with a streamlined flying boat hull, which would impose only a small aerodynamic penalty. Such an aircraft could still be at least on par with piston-engine land-based aircraft.
Using aerodynamic research data from the Messerschmitt fighter, Dornier conceived a compact flying boat with shoulder-mounted gull wings, carried by a narrow pylon behind the single seat cockpit. The engine nacelles were placed on the wings’ upper sides, as far away from spray water as possible. Through this layout, however, stabilizer floats would have necessitated very long and draggy struts, and the relatively thin, swept wings did not allow a (favored) retracting mechanism.
As a consequence, the aircraft was designed with Dornier’s trademark stub-wing floats, which added uplift in both water and air and offered, despite a permanent drag penalty, a convenient amount of space for extra fuel and the wells for a fully retractable landing/beaching gear, which made the aircraft fully amphibious and independent from a beaching trolley. Armament consisted of four 30mm MK 108 machine guns in the aircraft’s nose section, and the aircraft’s main task would be ground attack, air defense and, as a secondary mission, fast tactical reconnaissance.
Dornier first presented the initial concept to the RLM in mid-1943. Performance with two Junkers Jumo 004 axial-flow turbojet engines was – naturally – lower than the clean Me 262 fighter, but still impressive. The Me 262 was supposed to achieve a maximum speed of 900 km/h (559 mph), while the Dornier aircraft, with basically the same engines, was expected to have a top speed of 520 mph at 40,000 ft. But this was still regarded as sufficient, and the project was officially given the RLM’s type number 319. Two prototypes were built (under the designation Do 319 A-0), the first one making its maiden flight in February 1944.
However, at that time the German navy had lost much of its power and sovereignty, and more and more resources had to be allocated to defense projects. As a consequence, the Do 319 as a combat aircraft (originally designated Do 319 A) became a secondary priority only, and the original aircraft was cancelled. Still, the small amphibious aircraft attained a lot of interest through the type’s potential as a fast reconnaissance plane and for special purpose transport duties – namely as a personal transport for high-ranking officials and for covert operations behind enemy lines and at foreign shores – was discovered and the type nevertheless ordered into small-scale production.
As a consequence and as an adaptation of the airframe to its new role, the Do 319’s design was modified: the fuselage behind the cockpit was widened into a compartment for passengers, cargo or other equipment. The cabin could hold up to two passengers, sitting vis-à-vis, and it was accessible through a watertight door on each side above the stub floats. The cabin was open to the cockpit in front of it, but the opening was blocked if the front passenger seat was in place. Alternatively, up to 300 kg (660 lb) of cargo or photo equipment could be carried, and one or both seats could also be replaced by internal auxiliary tanks. The provision for the Do 319 A’s cannon armament was retained, but the weapons were rarely mounted in order to save weight.
In this form, and now designated Do 319 B and christened “Seeschwalbe”, the aircraft entered service with the Luftwaffe and the Kriegsmarine on a limited scale. Most machines were exclusively assigned to staff units and reserved for special missions like liaison duties for high ranking officials, but they were also used in recce and other special missions. At least one Do 319 B was shot down over the American east coast, probably while deploying German agents from a submarine. How the aircraft with its limited range itself could come close to American shores remains a mystery until today, since Germany did not build or operate submarine aircraft carriers.
Production numbers remained low, though, reaching roundabout 20 aircraft (even this number is uncertain) until the end of the war, and no Do 319 survived the hostilities.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1 pilot plus up to 2 passengers
Length: 10.80 m (35 ft 4 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 12.60 m (41 ft 6 in)
Height: 3.78 m (12 ft 4 1/2 in)
Wing area: 26.8 m² (288 ft²)
Aspect ratio: 7.32
Empty weight: 4,120 kg (9,075 lb)
Loaded weight: 6,830 kg (15,044 lb)
Max. take-off weight: 7,385 kg (16,266 lb)
Powerplant:
2× Junkers Jumo 004 B-1 turbojets, 8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) each
Performance:
Maximum speed: 820 km/h (510 mph)
Range: 1,200 km (652 mi)
2,100 km (1,300 mi) with extra internal fuel cells
Service ceiling: 10,850 m (35,538 ft)
Rate of climb: 1,000 m/min (At max weight of 7,130 kg) (3,275 ft/min)
Armament:
Provisions for 4× 30 mm MK 108 cannon in the nose, but rarely mounted
The kit and its assembly:
Another entry for the “Flying Boat, Seaplane and Amphibian” Group Build at whatifmodelers.com in late 2017, and the result of a spontaneous inspiration from a drawing of a Luft’46/fantasy creation of a Me 262 fuselage with a planning bottom, a parasol(!) wing and a single jet engine exhausting right above the cockpit, and no (visible) stabilizing floats at all. Rather spurious.
Well, nevertheless, the Me 262 jet fighter has a very shark-like profile and shape, and it has already been converted into flying boats or even submarines by modelers, and I decided to create my personal interpretation of the theme. I remembered a lone He 115 float in my stash (maybe 35 years old or even more!), and when I held to a Me 262 fuselage the parts had almost the same length and width. So, creating a flying boat jet fighter seemed like a realistic task.
Things started straightforward with an 1:72 Smer Me 262 fighter, which is actually the vintage Heller two-seater night fighter with a new fuselage and canopy. My kit of choice would have been the Matchbox kit, but the Heller kit is also O.K., due to its simplicity and simple construction.
Creating something amphibian from a Me 262 is not a trivial task, though. With its low wings and underslung engine nacelles there’s a lot to be changed until you get a plausible floatplane. Another challenge is to integrate some form of stabilizer/outrigger floats, what also influences the wings’ position. Placing the engines where they are safe from spray ingestion is also a serious matter – you have to get the high and the intakes as far forward as possible.
Doing some legwork I found some similar builds, and they all did not convince me. And, after all, I wanted to create my own “design”; in order to incorporate some realism I eventually settled on Dornier’s typical WWII designs like the Do 18 and Do 24. These elegant aircraft had a common, elegant trait: low stub wings as stabilizer floats, paired with high wings (in the case of the Do 18 held by a massive central pylon) which carried the engine out of the water’s reach. This appeared like a feasible layout for my conversion, even though it would mean a total re-construction of the kit, or rather assembling it in a way that almost no part was glued into the intended place!
Work started with the cockpit, which had to be moved forward in order to make room for the wings behind the canopy, placed high on a pylon above the fuselage. For this stunt, the cockpit opening and the place in front of it (where the original front fuselage tank would be) were cut out and switched. The cockpit tub was moved forward and trimmed in order to fit into the new place. The nose section was filled with lead, because the stub wings/floats would allow a retractable landing gear to be added, too, making the aircraft a true amphibian!
The He 115 float was cut down in order to fit under the OOB Me 262 fuselage, and a front wheel well was integrated for a tricycle landing gear. Once the fuselage was closed, the planning bottom was added and the flanks sculpted with putty – lots of it.
In the meantime the Me 262 wing received a thorough re-arrangement, too. Not only were the engine nacelles moved to the upper wing surface (cutting the respective wing and intake sections of the nacelles off/out and turning them around 180°), the original connecting ventral wing part with the landing gear wells were turned upside down, too, the landing gear covers closed (with the respective OOB parts) and the inner wing sections modified into a gull wing, raising the engines even further. VERY complex task, and blending/re-shaping everything took a lot of PSR, too.
Under the central wing section I added a pylon left over from a Smer Curtiss SC Seahawk kit, because a massive Do 18-esque construction was out of question for a fast jet aircraft. The gaps were filled with putty, too.
In order to keep the stabilizers free from water spray they were moved upwards on the fin, too. The original attachment points were sanded away and hidden under putty, and the OOB stabilizers placed almost at the top at the fin.
Finding suitable stub wings/floats became a challenge: they have to be relatively thick (yielding buoyancy and also offering room for the retractable landing gear), but also short with not-so-rounded tips. It took a while until I found suitable donor parts in the form of the tips of an 1:32 AH-64 Apache (!) stabilizer! They were simply cut off, and openings for the main landing gear cut into their lower sides.
Once glued to the lower flanks and the stabilizers in place it was time to place the wing. In the meantime the moved cockpit had been blended to the fuselage, and initial tests indicated that the pylon would have to be placed right behind the canopy – actually on top of the end of the clear part. As a consequence the canopy was cut into pieces and its rear section integrated into the fuselage (more PSR).
However, the relatively thin and slender central pylon from the Curtiss SC indicated that some more struts would be necessary in order to ensure stability – very retro, and not really suited for a jet-powered aircraft. And the more I looked at the layout, the more I became convinced that the wings and engines were in a plausible position, but placed too high.
What started next were several sessions in which I shortened the pylon step by step, until I was satisfied with the overall proportions. This went so far that almost everything of the pylon had gone, and the wings almost rested directly on the Me 262’s spine!
However, this new layout offered the benefit of rendering the extra struts obsolete, since I decided to fill the small gap between wing and fuselage into a single, massive fairing. This would also mean more internal space, and consequently the original idea of a jet-powered combat aircraft was modified into a fast multi-purpose amphibian vehicle for special tasks, capable of transporting personnel behind enemy lines with a quick move.
More PSR, though, and after some finishing touches like a scratched landing gear (front leg/wheel from an Italeri Bae Hawk, main struts from a Mistercraft PZL Iskra trainer, wheels from an Academy OV-10 Bronco and with improvised covers), several antennae and mooring lugs made from wire, the aircraft was ready for painting. On the downside, though, almost any surface detail had been lost due to the massive, overall body sculpting – but the application of the light zigzag pattern helped to recreate some “illusionary” details like flaps or panel lines. ;-)
Painting and markings:
Originally, when the Seeschwalbe was still conceived as a fighter, the model was to receive a daylight scheme in typical German naval aircraft colors (RLM 72/73/65). But this plan changed when the aircraft’s role became a ‘special purpose’ transporter for covert operations.
Nocturnal operations appeared plausible, so that the scheme became much more murky: from above, a splinter scheme with RLM 73 and RLM 74 (naval dark green and dark, greenish grey, both from the ModelMaster Authentic enamel paint range) was applied as a basis, and the undersides became black – as if standard daylight colors had been overpainted, a frequent practice.
Since this black paint was made from soot, it easily wore away and many Luftwaffe machines with improvised black undersides quickly gained a rather shaggy look. I wanted to re-create this look, and built up the lower paint accordingly: In an initial step, RLM76 (I used Humbrol 87, which is a tad darker than the RLM tone, for less contrast with the black) was painted on the lower wing surfaces, the fuselage with a medium waterline and the fin. Once dry, the national marking decals were added. Then a coat of thinned Revell Acrylics 6 Tar Black was applied on top of the lower surfaces, including the lower decals, and later wet-sanded in order to reveal some of the grey underneath for a worn look.
In order to break up the aircraft’s outlines, esp. at low altitude, a disruptive meander pattern in light grey (RLM 76) was painted on top of the upper surfaces. For this task, I thinned Humbrol’s 247 enamel and used a simple brush, painting the curls free-handedly. The finish looks pretty convincing, and it mimics well the technique with which those improvised patterns were applied in the field in real life: quickly, with anything at hand. The way the finish turned out, the pattern could have been applied with a broad brush – the use of a spray gun was rather uncommon, and IMHO the use of an airbrush on a model to recreate such a zigzag pattern rarely leads to convincing results?
This pattern was painted tightly around all the upper markings, and the markings themselves were kept at a minimum. For instance, the tactical code only comprises the aircraft’s individual letter “Blue O” behind the fuselage cross, which indicates an air staff machine. This would, following the official German squadron code system, be confirmed by an “A”, following as a fourth digit. The squadron’s code (“P7”, which is fictional, just like the aircraft’s sea reconnaissance squadron itself) was omitted, too. Such minimal markings became a frequent practice towards the final war stages, though, and it fits the aircraft’s special duty role well. The only individual marking is a squadron badge under the cockpit – lent from an Italian night fighter and placed on a dark blue disc. Another, subtle indicator for the aircraft’s operator are the blue air intake center bodies, repeating the staff flight’s blue color code.
Only some light weathering was done, with dry-brushed light grey on the leading edges, and finally the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri). In a final step, some very light dry-brushing with aluminum was done on some of the fuselage edges, esp. the spray dams, and the position lights were painted with translucent paint over a silver base.
A messy project, in many ways, but I am happy with result. Most stunning is IMHO the fact that all major parts for this compact flying boat actually come from a single, simple Me 262 kit – but visually there’s not much of the left from the jet fighter. But it’s also amazing that the proportions look right, and the whole thing quite plausible and Dornier-esque! Turned out better than expected.
We decided to go for a city break rather than sun in Tenerife again this September. Other than a few days in the North East we haven’t been away since last March and wanted a change and hopefully some sun. The problem is getting flights from the north of England to the places we want to go to. We chose Valencia as we could fly from East Midlands – which was still a pain to get to as it involved the most notorious stretch of the M1 at five in the morning. In the end we had a fairly good journey, the new Ryanair business class pre-booked scheme worked quite well and bang on time as usual. It was dull when we landed with storms forecast all week, the sky was bright grey – the kiss of death to the photography I had in mind. I was full of cold and wishing I was at work. It did rain but it was overnight on our first night and didn’t affect us. There has been a drought for eleven months apparently and it rained on our first day there! The forecast storms didn’t materialise in Valencia but they got it elsewhere.
Over the course of a Monday to Sunday week we covered 75 miles on foot and saw most of the best of Valencia – The City of Bell Towers. The Old City covers a pretty large area in a very confusing layout. There was a lot of referring to maps – even compass readings! – a first in a city for us. The problem with photography in Valencia is that most of the famous and attractive building are closely built around, some have poor quality housing built on to them. Most photographs have to be taken from an extreme angle looking up. There are no high points as it is pan flat, there are a small number of buildings where you can pay to go up on to the roof for a better view and we went up them – more than once!
The modern buildings of The City of Arts and Sciences – ( Ciutat de Las Arts I de les Ciencies ) are what the city has more recently become famous for, with tourists arriving by the coachload all day until late at night. They must be photographed millions of times a month. We went during the day and stayed till dark one evening, I gave it my best shot but a first time visit is always a compromise between ambition and realism, time dictates that we have to move on to the next destination. I travelled with a full size tripod – another first – I forgot to take it with me to TCoAaS! so It was time to wind up the ISO, again! Needless to say I never used the tripod.
On a day when rain was forecast but it stayed fine, albeit a bit dull, we went to the Bioparc north west of the city, a zoo by another name. There are many claims made for this place, were you can appear to walk alongside some very large animals, including, elephants, lions, giraffe, rhino, gorillas and many types of monkey to name a few. It is laid out in different geographical regions and there is very little between you and the animals, in some cases there is nothing, you enter the enclosure through a double door arrangement and the monkeys are around you. It gets rave reviews and we stayed for most of the day. The animals it has to be said gave the appearance of extreme boredom and frustration and I felt quite sorry for them.
The course of The River Turia was altered after a major flood in the 50’s. The new river runs west of the city flanked by a motorway. The old river, which is massive, deep and very wide between ancient walls, I can’t imagine how it flooded, has been turned into a park that is five miles long. There is an athletics track, football pitches, cycle paths, restaurants, numerous kids parks, ponds, fountains, loads of bridges, historic and modern. At the western end closest to the sea sits The City of Arts and Sciences – in the river bed. Where it meets the sea there is Valencia’s urban Formula One racetrack finishing in the massive marina built for The Americas Cup. The race track is in use as roadways complete with fully removable street furniture, kerbs, bollards, lights, islands and crossings, everything is just sat on the surface ready to be moved.
We found the beach almost by accident, we were desperate for food after putting in a lot of miles and the afternoon was ticking by. What a beach, 100’s of metres wide and stretching as far as the eye could see with a massive promenade. The hard thing was choosing, out of the dozens of restaurants, all next door to each other, all serving traditional Paella – rabbit and chicken – as well as seafood, we don’t eat seafood and it constituted 90% of the menu in most places. Every restaurant does a fixed price dish of the day, with a few choices, three courses and a drink. Some times this was our only meal besides making the most of the continental breakfast at the hotel. We had a fair few bar stops with the local wine being cheap and pleasant it would have been a shame not to, there would have been a one woman riot – or strike!
On our final day, a Sunday, we were out of bed and down for breakfast at 7.45 as usual, the place was deserted barring a waiter. We walked out of the door at 8.30 – in to the middle of a mass road race with many thousands of runners, one of a series that take place in Valencia – apparently! We struggled to find out the distance, possibly 10km. The finish was just around the corner so off we went with the camera gear, taking photos of random runners and groups. There was a TV crew filming it and some local celebrity (I think) commentating. Next we came across some sort of wandering religious and musical event. Some sort of ritual was played out over the course of Sunday morning in various locations, it involved catholic priests and religious buildings and another film crew. The Catholic tourists and locals were filling the (many) churches for Sunday mass. Amongst all of this we had seen men walking around in Arab style dress – the ones in black looked like the ones from ISIS currently beheading people – all carrying guns. A bit disconcerting. We assumed that there had been some sort of battle enactment. We were wrong, it hadn’t happened yet. A while later, about 11.30 we could hear banging, fireworks? No it was our friends with the guns. We were caught up in total mayhem, around 60 men randomly firing muskets with some sort of blank rounds, the noise, smoke and flames from the muzzles were incredible. We were about to climb the Torres de Serranos which is where, unbeknown to us, the grand, and deafening, finale was going to be. We could feel the blast in our faces on top of the tower. Yet again there was a film camera in attendance. I couldn’t get close ups but I got a good overview and shot my first video with the 5D, my first in 5 years of owning a DLSR with the capability. I usually use my phone ( I used my phone as well). Later in the day there was a bullfight taking place, the ring was almost next to our hotel, in the end we had other things to do and gave it a miss, it was certainly a busy Sunday in the city centre, whether it’s the norm or not I don’t know.
There is a tram system in Valencia but it goes from the port area into the newer part of the city on the north side, it wouldn’t be feasible to serve the historic old city really. A quick internet search told me that there are 55,000 university students in the city, a pretty big number. I think a lot of the campus is on the north side and served by the tram although there is a massive fleet of buses as well. There is a massive, very impressive market building , with 100’s of stalls that would make a photo project on its own, beautiful on the inside and out but very difficult to get decent photos of the exterior other than detail shots owing to the closeness of other buildings and the sheer size of it. Across town, another market has been beautifully renovated and is full of bars and restaurants and a bit of a destination in its own right.
A downside was the all too typical shafting by the taxi drivers who use every trick in the book to side step the official tariffs and rob you. The taxi from the airport had a “broken” meter and on the way home we were driven 22 km instead of the nine that is the actual distance. Some of them seem to view tourists as cash cows to be robbed at all costs. I emailed the Marriot hotel as they ordered the taxi, needless to say no answer from Marriot – they’ve had their money. We didn’t get the rip off treatment in the bars etc. that we experienced in Rome, prices are very fair on most things, certainly considering the city location.
All in all we had a good trip and can highly recommend Valencia.
Did your smartphone went swimming? Or you just accidentally dropped it right into the harm’s way? Or enjoyed the rain with your priced possession in your pocket? To be honest this is situation is faced by many smartphone owners once in a while. The smartphone takes a deadly plunge right into water which is followed by freaking out and trying almost anything and everything to bring it back to life.
If your smartphones comes with a removable battery then remove the back panel and take out the battery as soon as you can after taking it out of water. Leaving it switched on can cause it to short circuit. If your smartphone comes with a non-removable battery then shut it down immediately by pressing the power button for 5 seconds to prevent further damage.
Remember in either case do not try to turn it on in any case as short circuit can occur and chances are fair that your phone will not be able to see another light of day. Shutting it down prevents it from short circuiting.
Remember keep it in screen up direction all times whether drying or not. Gravity is a fascinating thing and it will prevent water from reaching your display.
Open you phone up using necessary tools and gently use a dry cloth or paper towel to absorb the water by dabbing on the affected areas. Do not wipe hurriedly as you may spread water and it may do more harm than good. Moisture corrodes the circuit inside your phone so try to take out as much moisture as you can. You can use a vacuum cleaner to suck out the water from all the ports and openings as well as from the circuit board. Vacuum cleaner is the best hep you can get immediately when water is logged in your phone.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some Background:
The Hawker Typhoon was a British single-seat fighter-bomber, produced by Hawker Aircraft. It was intended to be a medium-high altitude interceptor, as a replacement for the Hawker Hurricane, but several design problems were encountered and it never completely satisfied this requirement.
Even before Hurricane production began in March 1937, Sydney Camm had embarked on designing its successor. Two preliminary designs were similar and were larger than the Hurricane. These later became known as the "N" and "R" (from the initial of the engine manufacturers), because they were designed for the newly developed Napier Sabre and Rolls-Royce Vulture engines respectively. Both engines used 24 cylinders and were designed for over 2,000 hp (1,500 kW); the difference between the two was primarily in the arrangement of the cylinders – an H-block in the Sabre and an X-block in the Vulture. Hawker submitted these preliminary designs in July 1937 but were advised to wait until a formal specification for a new fighter was issued.
In March 1938, Hawker received from the Air Ministry, Specification F.18/37 for a fighter which would be able to achieve at least 400 mph (640 km/h) at 15,000 feet (4,600 m) and specified a British engine with a two-speed supercharger. The armament fitted was to be twelve 0.303” Browning machine guns with 500 rounds per gun, with a provision for alternative combinations of weaponry. The basic design of the Typhoon was a combination of traditional Hawker construction, as used in the earlier Hawker Hurricane, and more modern construction techniques; the front fuselage structure, from the engine mountings to the rear of the cockpit, was made up of bolted and welded duralumin or steel tubes covered with skin panels, while the rear fuselage was a flush-riveted, semi-monocoque structure. The forward fuselage and cockpit skinning was made up of large, removable duralumin panels, allowing easy external access to the engine and engine accessories and most of the important hydraulic and electrical equipment.
The Typhoon’s service introduction in mid-1941 was plagued with problems and for several months the aircraft faced a doubtful future. When the Luftwaffe brought the new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 into service in 1941, the Typhoon was the only RAF fighter capable of catching it at low altitudes; as a result it secured a new role as a low-altitude interceptor.
By 1943, the RAF needed a ground attack fighter more than a "pure" fighter and the Typhoon was suited to the role (and less-suited to the pure fighter role than competing aircraft such as the Spitfire Mk IX). The powerful engine allowed the aircraft to carry a load of up to two 1,000 pounds (450 kg) bombs, equal to the light bombers of only a few years earlier. Furthermore, from early 1943 the wings were plumbed and adapted to carry cylindrical 45 imp gal (200 l; 54 US gal) drop tanks increasing the Typhoon's range from 690 miles (1,110 km) to up to 1,090 miles (1,750 km). This enabled Typhoons to range deep into France, the Netherlands and Belgium.
From September 1943, Typhoons were also armed with four "60 lb" RP-3 rockets under each wing. Although the rocket projectiles were inaccurate and took considerable skill to aim and allow for ballistic drop after firing, "the sheer firepower of just one Typhoon was equivalent to a destroyer's broadside".
By the end of 1943, eighteen rocket-equipped Typhoon squadrons formed the basis of the RAF Second Tactical Air Force (2nd TAF) ground attack arm in Europe. In theory, the rocket rails and bomb-racks were interchangeable; in practice, to simplify supply, some used the rockets only, while other squadrons were armed exclusively with bombs, what also allowed individual units to more finely hone their skills with their assigned weapons.
The Typhoon was initially exclusively operated in the European theatre of operations, but in 1944 it was clear that a dedicated variant might become useful for the RAF’s operations in South-East Asia. In the meantime, Hawker had also developed what was originally an improved Typhoon II, but the differences between it and the Mk I were so great that it was effectively a different aircraft, and it was renamed the Hawker Tempest. However, as a fallback option and as a stopgap filler for the SEAC, Hawker also developed the Typhoon Mk. IV, a tropicalized late Mk. I with a bubble canopy and powered by the new Bristol Centaurus radial engine that could better cope with high ambient temperatures than the original liquid-cooled Sabre engine. The Centaurus IV chosen for the Typhoon Mk. IV also offered slightly more power than the Sabre and the benefit of reduced vulnerability to small arms fire at low altitude, since the large and vulnerable chin cooler could be dispensed with.
3,518 Typhoons of all variants were eventually built, 201 of them late Mk. IVs, almost all by Gloster. Once the war in Europe was over Typhoons were quickly removed from front-line squadrons; by October 1945 the Typhoon was no longer in operational use, with many of the wartime Typhoon units such as 198 Squadron being either disbanded or renumbered.
The SEAC’s few operational Mk IVs soldiered on, however, were partly mothballed after 1945 and eventually in 1947 handed over or donated to regional nascent air forces after their countries’ independence like India, Pakistan or Burma, where they served as fighters and fighter bombers well into the Sixties.
The Burmese Air Force; initially only called “The military”, since there was no differentiation between the army’s nascent servies, was founded on 16 January 1947, while Burma (as Myanmar was known until 1989) was still under British rule. By 1948, the fleet of the new air force included 40 Airspeed Oxfords, 16 de Havilland Tiger Moths, four Austers, and eight Typhoon Mk. IVs as well as three Supermarine Spitfires transferred from the Royal Air Force and had a few hundred personnel.
The Mingaladon Air Base HQ, the main air base in the country, was formed on 16 June 1950. No.1 Squadron, Equipment Holding Unit and Air High Command - Burma Air Force, and the Flying Training School, were placed under the jurisdiction of the base. A few months later, on 18 December 1950, No. 2 Squadron was formed with nine Douglas Dakotas as a transport squadron. In 1953, the Advanced Flying Unit was formed under the Mingaladon Air Base with de Havilland Vampire T55s, and by the end of 1953 the Burmese Air Force had three main airbases, at Mingaladon, Hmawbi, and Meiktila, in central Burma.
In 1953, the Burmese Air Force bought 30 Supermarine Spitfires from Israel and 20 Supermarine Seafires as well as 22 more Typhoon Mk. IVs from the United Kingdom. In 1954 it bought 40 Percival Provost T-53s and 8 de Havilland Vampire Mark T55s from the United Kingdom and two years later, in 1956, the Burmese Air Force bought 10 Cessna 180 aircraft from the United States. The same year, 6 Kawasaki Bell 47Gs formed its first helicopter unit. The following year, the Burmese Air Force procured 21 Hawker Sea Fury aircraft from the United Kingdom and 9 de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters from Canada. In 1958, it procured 7 additional Kawasaki Bell 47Gs and 12 Vertol H-21 Shawnees from the United States. Five years later, No. 503 Squadron Group was formed with No. 51 Squadron (de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters and Cessna 180s) and No. 53 Squadron (Bell 47Gs, Kaman HH-43 Huskies, and Aérospatiale Alouettes) in Meiktila.
When the non-Burman ethnic groups pushed for autonomy or federalism, alongside having a weak civilian government at the center, the military leadership staged a coup d'état in 1962, and this was the only conflict in which the aging Burmese Typhoons became involved. On 2 March 1962, the military led by General Ne Win took control of Burma through a coup d'état, and the government had been under direct or indirect control by the military since then. Between 1962 and 1974, Myanmar was ruled by a revolutionary council headed by the general. Almost all aspects of society (business, media, production) were nationalized or brought under government control under the Burmese Way to Socialism, which combined Soviet-style nationalization and central planning, and also meant the end of operation of many aircraft of Western origin, including the last surviving Burmese Typhoons, which were probably retired by 1964. The last piston engine fighters in Burmese service, the Hawker Sea Furies, are believed to have been phased out in 1968.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 32 ft 6 in (9.93 m)
Wingspan: 41 ft 7 in (12.67 m)
Height: 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m)
Wing area: 279 sq ft (25.9 m²)
Airfoil: root: NACA 2219; tip: NACA 2213
Empty weight: 8,840 lb (4,010 kg)
Gross weight: 11,400 lb (5,171 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 13,250 lb (6,010 kg) with two 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs
Powerplant:
1× Bristol Centaurus IV 18-cylinder air-cooled radial engine with 2,210 hp (1,648 kW) take-off
power, driving a 4-bladed Rotol constant-speed propeller
Performance:
Maximum speed: 412 mph (663 km/h, 358 kn) at 19,000 ft (5,800 m)
Stall speed: 88 mph (142 km/h, 76 kn)
Range: 510 mi (820 km, 440 nmi) with two 500 lb (230 kg) bombs;
690 mi (1,110 km) "clean";
1,090 mi (1,750 km) with two 45 imp gal (200 l; 54 US gal) drop tanks.[65]
Service ceiling: 35,200 ft (10,700 m)
Rate of climb: 2,740 ft/min (13.9 m/s)
Wing loading: 40.9 lb/sq ft (200 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.20 hp/lb (0.33 kW/kg)
Armament:
4× 20 mm (0.787 in) Hispano Mk II cannon in the outer wings with 200 rpg
Underwing hardpoints for 8× RP-3 unguided air-to-ground rockets,
or 2× 500 lb (230 kg) or 2× 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs or a pair of drop tanks
The kit and its assembly:
The Hawker Typhoon is IMHO an overlooked WWII aircraft, and it’s also “underwiffed”. I have actually built no single Typhoon in my 45 years of model kit building - time to change that!
Inspiration was a lot of buzz in the model kit builder community after KP’s launch of several Hawker Tempest kits, with all major variants including the Sabre- and Centaurus-powered types. While the Tempest quickly outpaced the Typhoon in real life and took the glory, I wondered about a Centaurus-powered version for the SEA theatre of operations – similar to the Tempest Mk. II, which just came too late to become involved in the conflict against the Japanese forces. A similar Typhoon variant could have arrived a couple of months earlier, though.
Technically, this conversion is just an Academy Hawker Typhoon Mk Ib (a late variant without the “car door”, a strutless bubble canopy and a four-blade propeller) mated with the optional Centaurus front end from a Matchbox Hawker Tempest. Sounds simple, but there are subtle dimensional differences between the types/kits, and the wing roots of the Matchbox kit differ from the Academy kit, so that the engine/fuselage intersection as well as the wing roots called for some tailoring and PSR. However, the result of this transplantation stunt looked better and more natural than expected! Since I did not want to add extra fairings for air carburetor and oil cooler to the Wings (as on the Tempest), I gave the new creation a generous single fairing for both under the nose – the space between the wide landing gear wells offered a perfect location, and I used a former Spitfire radiator as donor part. The rest, including the unguided missiles under the wings was ordnance, was taken OOB, and the propeller (from the Academy kit) received an adapter consisting of styrene tubes to match it with the Matchbox kit’s engine and its opening for the propeller axis.
Painting and markings:
This was initially a challenge since the early Burmese aircraft were apparently kept in bare metal or painted in silver overall. This would certainly have looked interesting on a Typhoon, too – but then I found a picture of a Spitfire (UB 421) at Myanmar's Air Force Museum at Naypyidaw, which carries camouflage – I doubt that it is authentic, though, at least the colors, which markedly differ from RAF Dark Green/Dark Earth and the bright blue undersides also look rather fishy. But it was this paint scheme that I adapted for my Burmese Typhoon with Modelmaster 2027 (FS 34096, B-52 Dark Green, a rather greyish and light tone) and 2107 (French WWII Chestnut, a reddish, rich chocolate brown tone) from above and Humbrol 145 (FS 35237, USN Gray Blue) below – a less garish tone.
As usual, the model received a black ink washing and post-panel-shading for dramatic effect; the cockpit interior became very dark grey (Revell 06 Anthracite) while the landing gear became Medium Sea Grey (Humbrol 165), as a reminder of the former operator of the aircraft and its painting standards. The red spinner as well as the red-and-white-checkered rudder were inspired by Burmese Hawker Sea Furies, a nice contrast to the camouflage. It's also a decal, from a tabletop miniatures accessory sheet. This contrast was furthermore underlined through the bright and colorful national markings, which come from a Carpena decal sheet for exotic Spitfires, just the tactical code was changed.
After some signs of wear with dry-brushed silver and some graphite soot stains around the exhausts and the guns the model was sealed with matt acrylic varnish.
Voilà, a whiffy Hawker Typhoon – and it looks better than expected. Not only does the brawny Centaurus look good on the rather burly Typhoon, the transplantation worked out better than expected, too. However, with the radial engine the Typhoon looks even more like an Fw 190 on steroids?
So I stripped her down: a messy job, but not difficult, providing you take out the centre seat and the panel underneath (which is designed to come out in 10 seconds flat), to get a bit of light on an otherwise dark subject.
Simply (don't you hate it when people say that? but this time it really is simple) undo the six nuts which hold the drum onto the output flange, then slacken off the hand-brake adjuster until the drum can be persuaded to come off (which may need a hide hammer), and slide the drum back to sit on the propshaft, out of our way.
And here's the nub of the problem (though that missing spring didn't help). The operating mechanism was well and truly clagged up with the gunge of ages. Several squirts with brake cleaner got the mess off, then Mrs W sat inside, gently operating the hand-brake, while I was underneath getting everything free, then applying a good coat of CopperSlip to the moving parts. Reassemble, making sure that all the six nuts are torqued up evenly so the drum is truly square to the flange; then adjust the shoes in the normal way.
The missing spring was an interesting problem, as it's very, very tight, and almost impossible to stretch up to engage, when you're lying underneath the vehicle. If you slip, you'll hit the underside very hard, probably losing a knuckle or two's worth of flesh in the process.
As JY used to say: this is what you do.
First, get a couple of pairs of safety goggles, one for you, one for your assistant: if this goes wrong, there'll be bits of broken spring flying around, which you don't want in anybody's eye. Next, take out the driver's seat cushion, and the plate underneath it. This exposes the fuel tank, but there's enough space inboard of that to drop through a loop of baler twine. (If you have a Land-Rover, it almost goes without saying that you should have yards of baler twine readily to hand.) Use about four feet, knotted securely into a loop. Engage the bottom end of the spring in its hole, then hook the top end with your dangling loop, and get an assistant standing by to haul up steadily, but really pretty hard, on the loop: stout gloves are recommended to prevent cutting the hands. This seems to be about the only reliable way to stretch the spring enough that you, underneath the vehicle, will then be able to steer the end over its upper locating hole. Your assistant above relaxes the mighty pull, and everything slips into place. Cut away the baler twine, because it's not coming out any other way.