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County Waterford, Ireland.
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Lismore Castle
County Waterford, Ireland
Irland 2010.08.18 026.jpg
Lismore Castle, Co. Waterford
Lismore Castle is located in Ireland Lismore CastleLismore Castle
TypeVictorian
Site information
OwnerCavendish family
ConditionInhabited, grounds open to the public
Site history
Builtmost current structures circa 1850[1]
Built byDukes of Devonshire
MaterialsAssorted
Lismore Castle is a stately home located in the town of Lismore in County Waterford in Ireland, belonging to the Duke of Devonshire. It was largely re-built in the Gothic style during the mid-nineteenth century by William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire.
Contents [hide]
1 Early history
2 The Earls of Cork & Burlington
3 The Dukes of Devonshire
4 References
5 External links
Early history[edit]
The castle site was originally occupied by Lismore Abbey, an important monastery and seat of learning established in the early 7th century. It was still an ecclesiastical centre when Henry II, King of England stayed here in 1171, and except for a brief period after 1185 when his son King John of England built a 'castellum' here, it served as the episcopal residence of the local bishop. In 1589, Lismore was leased and later acquired by Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh sold the property during his imprisonment for High Treason in 1602 to another infamous colonial adventurer, Richard Boyle, later 1st Earl of Cork.
The Earls of Cork & Burlington[edit]
Boyle came to Ireland from England in 1588 with only twenty-seven pounds in capital and proceeded to amass an extraordinary fortune. After purchasing Lismore he made it his principal seat and transformed it into a magnificent residence with impressive gabled ranges each side of the courtyard. He also built a castellated outer wall and a gatehouse known as the Riding Gate. The principal apartments were decorated with fretwork plaster ceilings, tapestry hangings, embroidered silks and velvet. It was here in 1627 that Robert Boyle The Father of Modern Chemistry, the fourteenth of the Earl's fifteen children, was born. The castle descended to another Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Cork & 3rd Earl of Burlington, who was a noted influence on Georgian architecture (and known in architectural histories as the Earl of Burlington).
Lismore featured in the Cromwellian wars when, in 1645, a force of Catholic confederacy commanded by Lord Castlehaven sacked the town and Castle. Some restoration was carried out by Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Cork (1612-1698) to make it habitable again but neither he nor his successors lived at Lismore.
The Dukes of Devonshire[edit]
The castle (along with other Boyle properties - Chiswick House, Burlington House, Bolton Abbey and Londesborough Hall) was acquired by the Cavendish family in 1753 when the daughter and heiress of the 4th Earl of Cork, Lady Charlotte Boyle (1731-1754) married William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, a future Prime Minister of Great Britain & Ireland. Their son, the 5th Duke (1748-1811) carried out improvements at Lismore, notably the bridge across the river Blackwater in 1775 designed by Cork-born architect Thomas Ivory.
The 6th Duke (1790–1858), commonly known as 'the Bachelor Duke', was responsible for the castle's present appearance. He began transforming the castle into a fashionable 'quasi-feudal ultra-regal fortress' as soon as he succeeded his father in 1811, engaging the architect William Atkinson from 1812 to 1822 to rebuild the castle in the Gothic style, using cut stone shipped over from Derbyshire. Lismore was always the Bachelor Duke's favourite residence, but as he grew older his love for the place developed into a passion. In 1850 he engaged his architect Sir Joseph Paxton, the designer of The Crystal Palace, to carry out improvements and additions to the castle on a magnificent scale - so much so that the present skyline is largely Paxton's work. At this time J.G. Crace of London, the leading maker of Gothic Revival furniture and his partner the leading architect A.W.N. Pugin were commissioned to transform the ruined chapel of the old Bishop's Palace into a medieval-style banqueting hall, with a huge perpendicular stained-glass window, choir-stalls and Gothic stenciling on the walls and roof timbers. The chimney-piece, which was exhibited at the Medieval Court of the Great Exhibition of 1851, was also designed by Pugin (and Myers) but was originally intended for Horstead Place in Sussex, it was rejected because it was too elaborate and subsequently bought for Lismore - the Barchard family emblems later replaced with the present Irish inscription Cead Mille Failte: a hundred thousand welcomes. Pugin also designed other chimney-pieces and furnishings in the castle and after his death in 1851 Crace continued to supply furnishings in the Puginesque manner.
King Edward VII visiting the Duke of Devonshire in May 1904
In 1858, the Cavendish family sponsored a new bridge over the Blackwater, which replaced the one built in 1775. This new construction followed designs by Charles Tarrant and was done by E.P.Nagle and C.H.Hunt.[2]
After the bachelor Duke's death, Lismore remained substantially unaltered. Fred Astaire's sister, Adele lived in the castle after marrying Lord Charles Cavendish, a son of the 9th Duke and, after his death in 1944, continued to use the castle until shortly before her death in 1981.[3] The castle was inherited by his brother, Lord Andrew Cavendish upon Adele's remarriage in 1947.[4] It is still owned by the Dukes of Devonshire, but it is lived in for only a short part of the year. Chatsworth House is the main family seat and the home of the Dowager Duchess.
The 12th Duke, who succeeded to the title in 2004, continues to live primarily on the family's Bolton Abbey estate. His son, William Burlington maintains an apartment in the castle and recently converted the derelict west range (2006) into a contemporary art gallery, known as Lismore Castle Arts. For most of the year the family's private apartments at Lismore are available to rent by groups of up to twenty-three visitors.
In 2004 The Robert Boyle Science Room was opened nearby in the Lismore Heritage Centre dedicated to his life and works where students have the opportunity of studying science and participating in scientific experiments.
Recently Lismore Castle was used as Northanger Abbey in the 2007 ITV dramatisation of that name during its Jane Austen season.
The castle's gardens are open to the public and feature contemporary sculptures, including works by Anthony Gormley, Marzia Colonna and Eilís O'Connell. The upper garden is a 17th-century walled garden,[5] while much of the informal lower garden was designed in the 19th century.
A while back (March 2014 to be precise), I posted some photos from this point of the A87. It might just look like anywhere in Glen Shiel but there's an intriguing feature in this photo. It's a little hard to make out but the River Shiel takes a short plunge into darkness. Naturally, I've been wanting to take a look inside the tunnel for a while now.
Back in March 2014, I attempted to go in but the water was fast flowing and high. On this occasion, this wasn't an issue (mostly, I never got wet but I can't speak for everyone). I'd imagine thousands of people drive past here daily and don't have the urge to go inside but I'm not most people...
The precise function of this gear box is still not a settled matter among scholars who study such things and who know all about them. It either comes from a transportation device or a middle Asian cabbage dish.
Once upon a time - well around 1560 to be precise Mary, Queen of Scots loved to indulge herself in this the most famous of bath houses. It's built on two floors and was once attached to a boundary wall enclosing King James V's privy garden, sometimes acting as a summer house or little pavilion.
Scotland's Queen Mary had other ideas and during her 25 year reign, from 1542 to 1567 (her father died when she was 6 days old) legend tells the story that she would often come here to bathe in 100 bottles of the very finest (sweet) French wine, well when she became of age I guess!
Seemingly, when her washing was complete (nobody ever saw what she did) the wine would then be re-bottled by her servants and, on her own instructions, was to be presented as gifts to the residents who abided on the High Street.
Some Edinburgh tour buses often present this story although rumours that Scotland's Queen was also heard playing the Jew's harp while bathing here are firmly denied!
This new Edinburgh Tour bus, Volvo B5TL / Wright Gemini 3 number 236 (SJ16 CTZ) has quite a crowd on board and they're about to arrive at Holyrood Palace and Ms Sturgeon's house.
Lothian's new tour fleet is proving very popular with drivers and Julian Halstead says:
"The new buses are such a step change from the old ones. It's like driving a Rolls Royce round town all day!". JH.
For a numerical tour of Lothian's new tour fleet please click here as the story unfolds:
www.flickr.com/photos/organize/?start_tab=one_set72157672...
(Don't bother with audio - it's ambient sounds of people walking by.)
I had the pleasure of watching this spider construct her web in the company of jciv and his dad when they visited Virginia earlier this month. We enjoyed a slow amble through the woods and into the wetlands of this park, with a particular eye out for spiders, so finding this bright lady was a treat. I stopped recording after 25 seconds because a couple people stopped to ask about the spider, but I got enough to see how the spider takes the currently extruded web strand and very purposefully sticks it to the "spokes" with a foot.
Happy Arachtober 30 pt 2!
Marbled Orbweaver, Araneus marmoreus
Huntley Meadows Park, Alexandria, VA
My New Novel:
B♭ (B-flat)
This is the third time I'm sharing it. (^^;;
It's a rough sketch from the beginning, more like notes.
Hope you enjoy reading it. :)
I've added quite a bit.
I won’t be uploading any more. (^_^;)
Note: I gave a brief explanation of this novel in the following video:
youtu.be/3w65lqUF-YI?si=yG7qy6TPeCL9xRJV
Set in New York City.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/54599616429/in/dateposted...
Red, yellow, blue—
Light rain began to fall on East 52nd Street just after 7 p.m.
Anaya Patel leaned against the wall of the building next to Tot Ramen, where she was supposed to meet someone, and absentmindedly stared at the traffic light at the intersection to her right. Though it was already July, it felt like a cooler summer than last year, and she regretted stepping out in just a T-shirt.
When the light turned green, Anaya squinted and stared intently. Kana, her former classmate, was smiling and waving as she ran toward her—
The flat ceiling of Madison Square Garden looked as if it were swelling from the heat of the crowd to Jack. Cheers welcoming the presidential candidate mingled with angry shouts, shaking the air like a wave.
Jack surveyed the arena briefly before returning his gaze to his iPhone. Several social media feeds scrolled simultaneously on the screen, overflowing with rapid posts.
One post in the Meta feed caught his eye. A death threat.
Republican presidential candidate Justin Bradford was about to take the stage with his fiancée, Eleanor Blake.
As the red lights symbolizing the Republican Party lit up the center stage, the two appeared together.
Then came the gunshots.
Jack recognized it instantly—two shots.
While chaos erupted inside the arena, Jack calmly closed his eyes and visualized the scene. He traced the sound of each shot to its possible source.
The first shot had likely come from the PA area near his right side. But Secret Service agents were stationed there.
He recalculated the second shot—probably fired from the left side of the stage. The assailant must have known the couple's precise positions. A security leak, perhaps.
Then came the second report. Ben Holloway, his colleague, delivered it with practiced calm. The bullets had grazed Justin’s left shoulder and abdomen. No arteries were hit, but the bleeding was severe.
Jack replied with steady resolve:
"Justin has Bombay blood. I confirmed it three days ago with Bellevue Hospital. They have a reserve."
Ben acknowledged it calmly, as if nothing had happened.
Justin was rushed to Bellevue, the nearest hospital. Jack called Elijah Kane, who was already waiting there. Secret Service agents, of course, never used apps like WhatsApp.
Before the first ring ended, Elijah picked up.
"Jack, it’s bad. We don’t have the blood. The Bombay blood is gone."
Jack couldn’t believe it.
"I confirmed it personally three days ago with the staff. Saw the blood bags myself."
After a brief pause, Elijah answered:
"The person in charge of those bags died in a car accident yesterday."
Anaya waited for her husband Arjun at Tot Ramen. Her college friend Mika (Sato), a Japanese artist, was with her.
As the waiter placed her bowl in front of her, her phone rang.
It was Bellevue Hospital.
Without hesitation, Anaya answered. Mika watched her with concern.
"Ms. Anaya Patel? This is Sasha Wilson from the ER. You may have heard, but the Republican presidential candidate was shot. We need your blood immediately. A Secret Service vehicle will pick you up. Please do not move."
Anaya turned toward the display hanging over the counter. A male reporter was broadcasting live from MSG.
At the entrance, a well-dressed man in a blue suit approached quickly.
"I’m Rohan Shah with the Secret Service. Please come with me. The car is outside."
Just as he reached for her, Anaya's phone buzzed again. The caller ID was unknown.
"Hello?"
"Ms. Anaya Patel?"
"Yes, who is this?"
"Jack Vance, Secret Service. I'm almost there."
"How do you know my location?"
"We’re professionals. We have ways."
"But the agent is already here."
Jack’s urgent shout rang through the phone: "NO!"
The man before her drew a rifle from inside his suit and aimed it at her forehead.
A soft gunshot echoed inside the restaurant.
Anaya froze in shock, unable to speak. The man collapsed to the floor.
Then Arjun appeared—her husband, pointing a gun at her.
"Freeze! FBI!"
Several NYPD officers and suited FBI agents stormed in.
"Everyone down! Hands behind your heads!"
Classic movie dialogue. Anaya was trembling. So was Mika. But probably no one was shaking more than Arjun.
Moments later, Jack burst into the restaurant.
"Anaya Patel!"
Without looking up, she answered:
"Yes, that’s me."
Jack wiped sweat from his brow, lifted her up, and said:
"We’re going to the hospital."
At the hospital, Elijah sent Jack a message with a link.
Jack tossed his phone to Anaya in the passenger seat:
"Open the link!"
It was a live broadcast.
"Good evening, New York. And Los Angeles. My name is Zakaria Haddad. That’s my real name.
I used to live in Gaza. Now, I'm in a room modeled exactly after your President’s office."
Zakaria, a brown-skinned man with a beard, sat calmly in a chair identical to the Oval Office's.
He glanced at his watch, then back to the camera.
"There’s about to be breaking news. Watch your smartphone alerts."
Seconds later:
BREAKING: Former Democratic President Owen Reid shot at Los Angeles Convention Center.
Zakaria smirked and said:
"A sad alert, isn’t it, America? But don’t be too sad. What I went through in Gaza was 55,000 times worse. We lost more than 55,000 loved ones. And cried tears we couldn’t stop."
He bowed his head, clenched his fists, and pounded the desk.
When he looked up, his eyes were wet.
"We seek no money. No glory in death. We only ask that you cry as many tears as we did. Only tears can heal what we lost."
He placed his elbows on the desk, rested his chin on clasped hands, and closed his eyes.
His eyelids trembled slightly.
"I'm just one of the 55,000. If I vanish, 50,000 more remain. Our will cannot be silenced. I'm here to declare it."
From the drawer, he pulled out a Glock 17, chambered a round, and aimed it at his temple.
As a Sunni Muslim, he looked into the camera and said dryly:
"God bless you, America."
He closed his eyes and pulled the trigger.
The screen went black.
The corridor to the ICU was tightly guarded.
Jack handed Anaya to Sasha.
Sasha had her sign a consent form and led her to a bed.
The bed next to hers was enclosed in vinyl sheets, a man inside, barely recognizable as the candidate.
Sasha gave detailed instructions to the staff.
Vital monitors, oxygen equipment, ventilators—every machine had someone watching it.
A nurse wiped Anaya's arm with disinfectant and inserted a needle.
Blood flowed into the tube.
Direct transfusion is usually avoided due to infection risk, but Bombay blood is an exception.
Anaya had signed, understanding the danger.
She didn’t feel it yet—that her blood was saving a life.
She stared up at the ceiling and breathed deeply.
She had only come to eat ramen with Mika.
What would happen to Arjun? Who had he shot?
As these thoughts swirled, sleep took her.
Justin's father, Cyrus Rajan Bradford, emigrated from Mumbai in 1971 and served five terms as a Democratic congressman from New Jersey's 6th District.
He was shot while giving a speech in Union Square.
Justin, then a child, couldn't grasp what had happened.
The shooter was a young Democrat—a white-collar idealist who demanded immediate healthcare reform. Cyrus’ gradual approach wasn’t fast enough for him.
Cyrus, himself an immigrant, believed real change took time.
But little Justin just wanted to hug his father.
Even as he stopped breathing.
He believed the hug might bring him back.
Justin never forgave that man.
Cyrus Rajan Bradford:
"We must dream big, but move forward step by step. Sudden change only divides society. Democracy means lifting the voices of the unheard and walking together."
Anaya and Mika drove from Paramus, New Jersey, to Williamsburg for the Artists & Freeze weekend event.
Mika had come from Japan to study at Montclair State University and admired Anaya's black-and-white drawings.
Anaya used pencils, pens, and everyday stationery to draw portraits and scenes.
Mika, who painted vivid oil works, was drawn to the simplicity of Anaya's work.
In the campus cafeteria, Anaya once told Mika:
"The place I grew up was barren. No green. No rivers. Just dry wind and sand. But I didn’t hate it."
She poked at her ham and eggs.
"There was nothing but paper and pencils. That’s all I had."
She smiled gently at Mika.
"But I felt I had to treasure it. Everyone on social media seemed so wealthy. But I didn’t envy them. I wanted to show the world my own everyday life. Isn’t it beautiful to share the place you love?"
Mika nodded deeply.
She had grown up in Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya, where the streets were quiet, lined with traditional homes, even as the rest of the district transformed with flashy ads and modern towers. That contrast shaped her art.
"The darkest hour is just before dawn."
Manhattan's dawn recalled that phrase.
When America fell into darkness, a trader once said it.
Amir had heard it from Zakaria, his professor at the Islamic University of Gaza.
Amir and Rafi Ghanem were both his students. They studied electrical engineering, electronics, and programming.
Understanding America’s weak IT networks was easy for them.
Zakaria helped scatter families of Gaza's 55,000 dead across the U.S., waiting.
Rafi and Amir were among them.
They had lost wives, lovers, families.
Those in darkness find no light.
Only those who gather at the bottom of the abyss, resolved, can rival true power—even the U.S. presidency.
Rafi had begun building a pirate radio two years earlier.
Using Caribbean and Hispanic immigrant communities as cover, he revived ancient communication: one-way broadcast.
They carried smartphones but used them only for idle talk. Nothing sensitive.
Rafi pressed the switch.
A tiny click was swallowed by the night.
A red lamp glowed.
The voltage meter twitched.
At exactly 2 a.m., on FM 87.9, a woman’s voice read poetry:
"If the world ends,
I want to be singing,
Alone."
To be continued...
iTunes Playlist Link::
music.apple.com/jp/playlist/b/pl.u-47DJGhopxMD
1 U2 Helter Skelter (Live) youtu.be/OBL-gVSJp2I?si=CuYs7HKsxCaVTQb3
2 Jimi Hendrix: The Star Spangled Banner (Live): www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjzZh6-h9fM
3 Jimi Hendrix: Purple Haze (Live): www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJunCsrhJjg
4 Tyler, The Creator: Take Your Mask Off (feat. Daniel Caesar & Latoya Williams...): youtu.be/tSd85SmghYs?si=-E-M6dhSdcYzBFjU
5 The Weeknd: Niagara Falls: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxWx5UuznGI
6 Drake: Laugh Now Cry Later (feat. Lil Durk): www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFm7YDVlqnI
7 Linda Sikhakhane: Inkehli: www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDHbPFAlrO4
8 Freja Lundgren - Finding Silence – : Not found.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUo7F3P2ObeLyC8Fwp70NEQ
9 Mathias Eick: Loving: www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYh_orn9ydA
10 The Beatles: If I Fell (2009 - Remaster): www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX3Xm4TNF00
11 21 Savage & Summer Walker: prove it: www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNIJmlhgqGk
12 Tiana Major9: On God!: www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wp1Q5V2eKI
13 Usher: Kissing Strangers: www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fepftsv6RA
14 JUNG KOOK: Never Let Go: www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_n4Ysi5iUM
15 Sinead O'Connor: Nothing Compares 2 U: www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-EF60neguk
16 Taylor Swift: This Love: www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xsL45rr3VU
17 Metallica: Disposable Heroes: www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIiXONFj6lM
18 The Beatles:Across The Universe (Remastered 2009):youtu.be/90M60PzmxEE?si=DvkYgRwEK_lha6CT
19 Ganavya: Land: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRmU6z6v1cs
Notes
1. "Bombay Blood Type (hh type)"
•Characteristics: A rare blood type that lacks the usual ABO antigens — cannot be classified as A, B, or O.
•Discovery: First identified in 1952 in Mumbai, India (formerly Bombay).
•Prevalence: Roughly 1 in 10,000 people in India; globally, about 1 in 2.5 million.
•Transfusion Compatibility: Only compatible with blood from other Bombay type donors.
2. 2024 Harvard University Valedictorian Speech – The Power of Not Knowing
youtu.be/SOUH8iVqSOI?si=Ju-Y728irtcWR71K
3. Shots Fired at Trump Rally
youtu.be/1ejfAkzjEhk?si=ASqJwEmkY-2rW_hT
Manhattan. New York. USA. 2007. (5 / 8)
Shot with a Nikon Coolpix 8700.
Today's photo has never been published before.
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僕の新しい小説。
B♭ （ビーフラット）
3回の公開です(^^;;
冒頭からの走り書きです。メモ程度です。
よかったら読んでください。:)
結構、加えましたよー^_^
もうアップしません。(^_^;)
舞台はニューヨークです。
追記 この小説を多少説明しました。
youtu.be/3w65lqUF-YI?si=yG7qy6TPeCL9xRJV
— 赤、黄色、青ーーー
イースト５２ndストリートに小雨が舞いはじめたのは、午後七時過ぎだった。
アナヤ・パテルは、待ち合わせたトットラーメンのとなりのビルの壁面にもたれ、右手に見える十字路の信号機をぼんやり眺めていた。もう７月だというのに、昨年よりも冷夏に感じ、Tシャツ一枚で出かけてきたことを後悔していた。
十字路の信号が青に変わると、アナは目を細め、凝視した。同級生のカナがこちらへ手を振りながら微笑み、駆け寄ってきていた——
マジソンスクエアガーデンの平坦な天井は、吐き出された人の熱気でいつもより膨らんでいるように、ジャックには見えた。大統領候補を歓迎する声とそれを罵倒する叫び声が錯綜し、鼓膜の奥を揺らしていた。
ジャックは、軽く場内の隅々まで目を凝らしてから、再びアイフォンに目を落とした。画面には、いくつかのSNSが同時に広がっており、それぞれが激しい書き込みによって文字が流れてゆく。
右下の、メタの書き込みに、ジャックは目を留めた。殺害予告だ。
大統領候補のジャスティン・ブラッドフォードは、フィアンセのエリノア・ブレイクとともに間も無くステージに立つ。
共和党を示す赤い光がステージ中央に差し込むと、二人は同時に現れた。
と、同時に、銃声が響いた。
一聴しただけでは気づかなかったがジャックの耳は聴き分けた。弾は二発だ。
騒然とした場内をよそに、ジャックは静かに目を閉じた。発射音から着弾までを想像した。
一発目の弾は、ジャックの右手、たぶん、PA近辺からだ。しかし、ジャックと同じ配属のシークレットサービスが張り込んでいたはずだ。もうひとつの弾丸をジャックは再び目を閉じて計算した。
弾は、たぶん、ステージ左手側からだ。ジャスティンとエリノアの二人の立ち位置を計算しているようだ。ひょっとしたら情報が漏れていたかもしれない。
ジャックの耳に第２報が入った。同僚のベン・ホロウェイの冷静な声だ。心臓ははずれたものの、弾は左肩と腹部をかすめていた。動脈には達していなかったが、出血がひどかった。
ジャックも冷静に、ベンへ伝えた。
「ジャスティンはボンベイブラッドだ。三日前にベルビュー病院に確認した。予備の血液は保管されている」
ベンは、何事もなかったかのように、わかったと静かにいった。
マジソンスクエアガーデンにもっとも近いベルビュー病院に、ジャスティンを運び込む。ジャックは、病院で控えているイライジャ・ケインにスマートフォンから直接電話した。シークレットサービスではもちろんワッツアップなどのSNSはご法度だ。
ワンコールが切れる前にすぐイライジャは反応した。
「ジャック、大変だ。血液がない。ボンベイブラッドがないんだ」
ジャックは、耳を疑った。
「三日前に、俺は直接担当の、名前は忘れたな。とにかく目の前でブラッドバッグを確認したぞ」
イライジャは、数秒の沈黙の後、応えた。
「その血液の管理者は、きのう、交通事故で亡くなったんだ」
アナヤ・パテルは、夫のアルジュンをトットラーメンで待った。
学生時代からの親友、ミカ（佐藤）（日本人）も一緒だ。
店員が、アナヤの目の前にラーメンを差し出したとき、スマートフォンが鳴った。
登録してあるベルビュー病院からだった。
アナヤは、躊躇わずに出た。着信を見たミカは不安げにアナヤを見守った。
「アナヤ・パテルさんですか？ 私は救急部のサーシャウィルソンと言います。すでにご存知かもしれませんが、共和党大統領候補が撃たれました。あなたの血が必要です。すぐに病院へ来てください。シークレットサービスの車が迎えに行きます。動かないでください」
アナヤは、呆然としているミカの視線を追って、背後を振り返った。カウンターのちょうど左上に下がったディスプレイには、MSGの現在が男性レポーターによって放映されている。
アナは開いた入り口に目を移した。青い、洗練されたスーツをまとった褐色の肌の男性が、足早にアナに寄ってきた。
「シークレットサービスのロハン・シャーと言います。私と一緒に病院へ来てください。外に車を用意してあります」
彼は真剣な眼差しでアナへ伝え、手を引こうとした瞬間、アナのアイフォンが再び震えた。番号だけ浮かびあがっている。登録されていないようだ。アナは慌てて、タッチした。
「はい」
「アナヤ・パテルさん？」
「ええ、あなたは？」
「ジャック。ジャック・ヴァンス。シークレットサービスです。もうすぐそちらへ到着します」
「わたしの場所をどうやって？」
「わたしたちはプロだ。あらゆる手段を用意しています」
「もう、シークレットサービスの人が来てるわ」
ジャックの、違う！ という怒声が響いた瞬間、目の前の男性はスーツの内から小銃を引き抜き、アナの額に向けた。
店内に小さな銃声が響いた。
アナは、震えることすら忘れ、言葉を失い、放心していた。
目の前の男性がゆっくり床へ崩れると、夫のアルジュンが、やはりアナに銃を向けて現れた。
「フリーズ！FBI ！」
数人の制服を着たNYPDとグレイのスーツを纏ったFBIが叫んだ。
「全員、手を頭の後ろに回して床に伏せろ！」
映画のようなお決まりのセリフに、アナは震えていた。もちろん、ミカも。たぶん、アナの夫のアルジュンが最も震えていただろう。
遅れて、ジャックが店内に向け、叫んだ。
「アナヤ・パテル！」
アナは、見上げることなく、そのままに応えた。足がまだ震えている。
「わたしです」
額に汗を浮かべたジャックは、アナの身を起こすと、いった。
「すぐに病院へ行く」
病院にいるイライジャから、リンク付きのメッセージが届いた。
助手席に乗り込んだアナへジャックはアイフォンを放り投げると、リンク先を開け、と叫んだ。
慌てて、アナが触れると、どうやら生放送のようだった。
「こんばんは、ニューヨーク。そしてロサンゼルス。私の名前はザカリア・ハッダード。本名だ。
数年前、ガザに住んでいた。今は、みなさんがよく目にする部屋を真似た部屋に私はいる」
褐色の、顎髭をたくわえたザカリアは、アメリカ大統領執務室とほとんど同じ部屋の椅子に座っていた。
腕時計にゆっくり目を落としてから、再び、カメラに視線を向けた。
「そろそろブレイキングニュースだ。スマートフォンの速報に注目して欲しい」
ザカリアがそういった途端、速報が流れた。
【民主党前大統領のオーウェン・リードがロサンゼルス・コンベンション・センターで銃撃された模様です】
ザカリアは、一瞬俯いて笑いを堪えながらいった。
「悲しい速報じゃないか。アメリカのみなさん。でもどうか悲しまないで欲しい。私が経験したガザではこの55,000倍だ。55,000人以上の大切な人を失い、そして、涙を流した」
ザカリアは、再び俯いたまま、両手を固く握りしめ、力強く机を叩きつけた。
顔を上げたザカリアの目にはうっすらと涙が溢れていた。
「私たちは、お金を求めない。また、死による名誉も求めない。私たちが欲しいのは、55,000人が流した涙と同じだけの涙だ。流された涙と同じだけの涙だけが、私たちを癒す」
両肘を机につき、両手を組むと、ザカリアは静かに顎を乗せた。目を閉じて、しばらく沈黙が続いた。目尻が細かく震えているようだった。そのままゆっくり口を開いた。
「55,000人のうちの私はひとりに過ぎない。私が消えても５万人もの意思は決して消えず、引き継がれる。私は、私たちの意思をここに表明するためにいる」
ザカリアは、机の引き出しから、グロック１７を取り出すと、スライドしてチャンバーに弾を流した。そして、自分のこめかみに向けた。
スンニ派である彼は、まっすぐにカメラを見つめ、皮肉混じりにいった。
「神のご加護を。アメリカ」
ザカリアは、目を閉じると、トリガーを真っ直ぐに引いた。乾いた音が部屋に響いた。映像は、瞬時に黒へ切り替わった。
ICUまでの通路は、警官らによって厳重に確保されていた。ジャックは、サーシャにアナを引き渡した。
サーシャはアナに簡単な挨拶を済ますと、同意書にサインさせ、ベッドへ横たわるよう指示した。
となりに置かれたベッドは、薄いビニールシートに囲われ、男性らしい人が寝ているようだ。ネットで見た大統領候補とは到底結びつかない。
アナにはそこにいる男性が大統領候補だということにピンとこなかった。
サーシャがスタッフに細かい指示を出している。
バイタルモニター、酸素装置、人工呼吸器。それぞれにスタッフが張り付き、患者の血圧や心拍数が監視されているようだ。
スタッフのひとりが、アナの腕を消毒液で拭うと、静脈ラインに針を刺した。血液はビニールの管をすぐに見たした。
通常、ダイレクトトランスフュージョン、直接輸血は、感染症の危険が伴うので行われないが、ボンベイブラッドは別だ。
いままさに、となりにいるジャスティンに必要なのだ。その危険性について、アナはサーシャの説明を理解し、サインした。
アナには、実感がなかった。曇りガラスの向こう側にいる男性の命を、自分の血液が救っていることを。
アナは白い天井を見上げ、深い深呼吸をした。ミカとラーメンを食べにきただけだったのに。アルジュンは、男性を撃ったようだった。
いったい彼はどうなってしまうんだろう。撃たれた男性は何者だったのか。
アナは、今の自分を取り巻く状況に考えを張り巡らせているうちに、眠りに落ちていた。
ジャスティンの父、サイラス・ラージャン・ブラッドフォードは、7１年、ムンバイから渡米し、ニュージャージー州第6選挙区で下院議員を5期務めた民主党の重鎮だった。
ユニオンスクエアパークで、集まった労働者らに向け、演説中、聴衆の真正面にいた男に銃撃された。一瞬の出来事だった。
幼かったジャスティンは、呆気に取られ、何が起こったかを理解できなかった。父は、一瞬にしてその場に倒れ、病院へ運ばれたものの、即死だった。
犯人は、若い、民主党員のホワイトカラーだった。父の古い理想主義は彼に通じなかった。医療費の即時無料化を求めた彼は、父の段階を追った手法を受け入れることはできなかった。彼の母は、すぐにも医療費の無料化を必要としていたからだ。父は、早急な変化は退けた。医療だけでなく、あらゆるすべてが多くの人に浸透し、行き渡るためには、多くの時間を要するのだと、移民として、ムンバイからニュージャージーに移り住み、地域に溶け込むことに多大な時間が必要であることを身をもって知っていた。しかしーーーー
幼かったジャスティンは、父のそばに駆け寄って手を握り締めたかった。父の呼吸が止まっていても、そばに寄り添って、父を抱きしめたかった。
抱きしめることで、ひょっとしたら、父は目を覚ますかもしれないじゃないか、、、幼かったジャスティンは、そう信じていた。
ジャスティンは、ホワイトカラーを決して許すことはなかった。
サイラス・ラージャン・ブラッドフォード
「我々は大きな夢を見るべきだが、一歩ずつ確実に進まねばならない。急激な変化は社会の分断を深めるだけだ。民主主義とは、声なき者の声を拾い上げ、共に歩むことだ」
アナとミカは、週末に開催されるアーティスツ・アンド・フリーズに展示するため、（ニュージャージー州の）パラマスからウィリアムズバーグに向けて、車を走らせていた。だいたい５０分ほどで到着する。
モントクレア州立大学に日本からやってきたミカは、同じ美術学部に同籍していたアナの、白黒の作品に魅了された。アナは、鉛筆やシャープペンシル、ボールペン、万年筆など、日常に使われているステーショナリーで、人物や風景、静物を描いていた。多彩な油絵で表現するミカは、色らしい色のないアナの作品に関心を持った。
アナは、大学の食堂でミカに答えたことがある。
ーー わたしが住んでいた街は、殺風景だった。緑や川はなく、乾いた砂が吹き荒ぶ。それが私を幼い頃から囲んでいた。でも、私はそこが嫌いではなかった ーー
そこまで、静かににつぶやくと、プレートに乗ったハムエッグの真ん中を小さく突いた。続けて、いった。
ーー 風景だけでなく、実際、私の周りには何もなかった。あったのは、紙と鉛筆ぐらい ーー
アナは軽くミカに微笑んだ。ミカも笑い返した。
ーー でも、わたしはそれを大切にしなければならないと感じた。スマフォのSNSの人たちはとても豊かに見えた。でも、なぜか羨ましいとか、こうなりたいとか思えなかったの。むしろ、私は私の日常をもっとみんなに見せたいと思った。だって、自分が好きな場所を誰かに伝えることって、素敵だと思わない？ ーー
ミカは笑わずに深く頷いた。ミカも同感だった。渋谷の神山町で幼少時代を過ごしたミカは、ずっと渋谷の変遷を見てきた。渋谷の艶やかな広告やビルの外壁などの変化は彼女を魅了した。反面、自宅のあった神山町は穏やかで、古風な邸宅が並ぶ昔ながらの街並みだった。その対比が、彼女の内面を支えていた。
ーー 夜明け前が一番暗い ーー
マンハッタンの夜明けは、そんな言葉を思い出させる。
この国が闇に堕ちた時、トレーダーがそう言ったと、アミールは、イスラム大学工学部の教授だったザカリアから生前聞いた言葉だ。
アミールと同じようにラフィ・ガンナムもザカリアの師弟だ。二人は、電気工学をザカリアから学んでいた。
電子機器だけでなく、プログラムから幅広いコンピュータ機器まで学んでいた。アメリカの脆弱なITネットワークを熟知することなど彼らにしてみたら容易いものだった。
当時、イスラエルによって圧倒されたガザ地区の５５，０００人の死者の家族の一部は、ザカリアによってアメリカへ不法に散らばって居住し、時を待った。
ラフィも、そしてアミールもそのうちのひとりだ。ザカリアも、ラフィも、アミールも、妻や恋人、そして家族を失い絶望した。生きる意味を見失ったものに光など与えられない。光を見出せなどという人間は偽善者だ。与えられたのは、深い闇だけだった。闇の底で、集い、意を決したものほど、力強いものはいないだろう。おそらく、世界最高の実質的な権力を掌握しているアメリカ大統領に匹敵できるのは彼らのような存在だけかもしれない。
ラフィは、２年前からパイレーツラジオを仕込み始めた。カリブ系やヒスパニック系の移民コミュニティの傘を利用して、伝令を一方的に伝える、そんな古いやり方に答えを見出していた。SNSはもちろん、スマートフォンのやりとり全てはアメリカの情報機関に掌握されている。まったくやりとりをしないことも不自然になるので、ラフィらもスマートフォンは持ち歩いているが、日常的な、他愛ないやり取りだけだ。
ラフィは、放送機のスイッチを押した。微かに発したスイッチ音は、夜の静けさに吸い込まれていった。
小さな赤いランプが灯り、沈黙の中で、近辺に居住する同胞らにつながった。電圧計の針がわずかに震えた。
午前2時ちょうど、FM87.9から音が流れた。砂嵐に混じって、女の声が詩を読んでいた。
「この世界が終わるなら、私はひとりで歌っていたい」
つづく。
iTunes Playlist Link::
music.apple.com/jp/playlist/b/pl.u-47DJGhopxMD
1 U2 Helter Skelter (Live) youtu.be/OBL-gVSJp2I?si=CuYs7HKsxCaVTQb3
2 ジミ・ヘンドリックス: The Star Spangled Banner (Live): www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjzZh6-h9fM
3 ジミ・ヘンドリックス: Purple Haze (Live): www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJunCsrhJjg
4 タイラー・ザ・クリエイター: Take Your Mask Off (feat. Daniel Caesar & Latoya Williams...): youtu.be/tSd85SmghYs?si=-E-M6dhSdcYzBFjU
5 ザ・ウィークエンド: Niagara Falls: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxWx5UuznGI
6 ドレイク: Laugh Now Cry Later (feat. Lil Durk): www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFm7YDVlqnI
7 Linda Sikhakhane: Inkehli: www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDHbPFAlrO4
8 Freja Lundgren - Finding Silence : 見つかりませんでした。https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUo7F3P2ObeLyC8Fwp70NEQ
9 マティアス・アイク: Loving: www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYh_orn9ydA
10 ビートルズ: 恋におちたら (2009 - Remaster): www.youtube.com/watch?v=MX3Xm4TNF00
11 21サヴェージ & サマー・ウォーカー: prove it: www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNIJmlhgqGk
12 ティアナ・メジャーナイン: On God!: www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wp1Q5V2eKI
13 アッシャー: Kissing Strangers: www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fepftsv6RA
14 JUNG KOOK: Never Let Go: www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_n4Ysi5iUM
15 シニード・オコナー: Nothing Compares 2 U: www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-EF60neguk
16 テイラー・スウィフト: This Love: www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xsL45rr3VU
17 メタリカ: Disposable Heroes: www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIiXONFj6lM
18 ビートルズ:Across The Universe (Remastered 2009):youtu.be/90M60PzmxEE?si=DvkYgRwEK_lha6CT
19 ガナヴヤ: Land: www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRmU6z6v1cs
メモ
1
「Bombay型（ボンベイ型、hh型）」
•特徴：通常のABO血液型を持たない（A、B、Oに分類されない）特殊な型。
•発見地：1952年、インド・ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ）で初めて確認。
•発生頻度：インドでは1万人に1人程度だが、世界的には約250万人に1人とも。
•輸血制限：同じBombay型しか輸血できない。
2
2024年ハーバード大学首席の卒業式スピーチ『知らないことの力』
youtu.be/SOUH8iVqSOI?si=Ju-Y728irtcWR71K
3
Shots fired at Trump rally
youtu.be/1ejfAkzjEhk?si=ASqJwEmkY-2rW_hT
マンハッタン。ニューヨーク。アメリカ。２００７年。( 5 / 8 )
Nikon coolpix 8700 shot
今日の写真は、未発表です。
_________________________________
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Topol TEL in Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps
The RT-2PM Topol (Russian: РТ-2ПМ Тополь ("Poplar"); NATO reporting name SS-25 Sickle; GRAU designation: 15Ж58 ("15Zh58"); other designations: RS-12M Topol) is a mobile intercontinental ballistic missile designed in the Soviet Union and in service with Russia's Strategic Rocket Forces.
DevelopmentThe three stage solid propellant RT-2PM Topol became the first Soviet mobile ICBM to be successfully deployed. It was deployed after two decades of unsuccessful attempts by different design bureaus to create a reliable mobile launch system. It emerged from the same line of development as mobile missiles such as the RT-21 Temp 2S and the RSD-10 Pioneer, and was deployed as a replacement for the widely deployed UR-100. The United States considered developing their own road-mobile ICBM called the Midgetman, but the program was canceled with the end of the Cold War.
Development of the RT-2PM was approved on July 19, 1977 and carried out by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology headed by A. D. Nadiradze. Flight tests were conducted on the Plesetsk test site from February through December 1985. The main problem that had to be overcome during this period was the development of battle management system. After the first test series was successfully conducted in April 1985, with the first regiment with Topol missiles put on alert in July 1985. Throughout this time work continued on improving the battle management system. The first regiment of "Topol" missiles employing a modernized mobile command center (in the area of Irkutsk) were put on alert on May 27, 1988. The test missile firings were finally completed in December 1987.
The RT-2PM ICBM was designed to be road mobile and is mounted on a heavy truck (MAZ-7310 or MAZ-7917). Development began in 1977, flight tests of the missile were conducted between 1983 and 1987. After the first series of tests, the first missiles became operational in 1985. Full deployment of 360 missiles was achieved in 1996, and in 2005 300 remained on duty. As of January 2008 the figure had dropped to 201 active missiles. In December 2008 Russian rocket forces had 189 RT-2PM operational missiles.[2] With 276 ICBMs of other types (including 75 R-36 missiles and 75 Topol-M missiles), that gives Russia an ICBM arsenal of 465 missiles - larger than United States ICBM arsenal of 450 LGM-30 Minuteman rockets.
The RT-2 is a road mobile 3-stage, single warhead ICBM. Its 29.5 meter length and 1.7 meter diameter are approximately the same size and shape as the U.S. Minuteman ICBM. It has a throw-weight of 1000 kg and carries a single warhead with a yield of 800 kt[3] and accuracy (CEP) of 900 m according to Russian sources [as opposed to 300m according to Western sources]. Its road mobile capability gave the RT-2PM Topol an extremely high probability of survival. It can fire from field deployment sites or through sliding roof garage bases. The RT-2PM Topol joined operational Soviet SRF regiments in 1985. A total area of approximately 190,000 square kilometers could be required to deploy a force consisting of 500 road-mobile Topol ICBMs. Mobile units require a much higher number of personnel for maintenance and operation than fixed systems. Consequently, the RT-2PM Topol was significantly more costly to maintain and operate than silo launched systems.
All three stages are made of composite materials. During first stage operation the flight control is implemented through four aerodynamic and four jet vanes. Four similar trellised aerodynamic surfaces serve for stabilization. During the second and third stage of flight gas is injected into the diverging part of the nozzle for flight control.
The missile is deployed in a Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) canister mounted on cross-country 7-axle chassis on a mobile launch vehicle. The chassis incorporates jacks, gas and hydraulic drives and cylinders, with a power of several hundred tons, for jacking and leveling of the launcher, speeding up (combat) and slowing down (maintaining) elevation of the container with the missile in the vertical position. The TEL is accompanied by a Mobile command post, carrying support facilities mounted on cross-country 4-axle chassis with unified vans. The complex is equipped with an onboard inertial navigation system which gives the TEL group the capability to conduct the launch independently from its field deployment sites. This topo-geodesic support and navigation subsystem, created by the “Signal” Research Institute, provides a quick and highly precise tie-in of the launcher in a field position and enables its crew to carry out missile launches from any combat patrol route point. The launch can also be carried out at regimental bases from the aforementioned garrison garage.
At the time of the signing of the START I Treaty in 1991 the Soviet Union had deployed some 288 Topol missiles. Deployment continued, and at the end of 1996 a total of 360 Topol missiles were deployed.
The Topol missile was deployed at previously developed deployment sites. After the INF Treaty was signed in 1987 several SS-20 deployment sites were adapted to launch the Topol missiles. The United States expressed specific concerns during the INF treaty negotiations. When the SS-25 missile system was deployed in the field, with its missile inside the canister and mounted on the launcher, the US contended that the canister might conceal an RSD-10 Pioneer missile. This was of concern because unlike the single warhead of the RT-2PM Topol, the RSD-10 carried up to 3 warheads. A resolution was reached after the Soviet Union agreed to allow inspection parties to use radiation detection systems to measure fast neutron intensity flux emanating from the launch canister. A launch canister with a missile inside containing a single warhead, such as the RT-2PM Topol, emitted a different pattern of fast neutrons than did one with a missile having three warheads, such as the RSD-10.
Provisions of the SALT II agreement prohibited the deployment of more than one new missile (which became RT-23UTTh), it was officially declared by the Soviet Union that the RT-2PM Topol was developed to upgrade the silo based RT-2. The US government disputed this view, contending that the missile was clearly more than 5% larger and had twice the throw-weight as the RT-2 and therefore constituted a new missile system. Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov, Soviet Chief of General Staff cancelled the Sept. 1, 1983 test flight of the RT-2PM Topol which was to be launched from Plesetsk (the launch site in northwest Russia used for test firing of solid fuel propellant ICBMs)- 24 minutes later to land in the Klyuchi target area on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The night of the scheduled launch was the night that Korean Air Lines Flight 007 intruded Soviet airspace over Kamchatka.
An RT-2PM Topol with two MIRVs may have been tested in 1991, and the missile was tested at least once with four MIRV warheads, but there has apparently been no further development of a multiple warhead version. This became a point of contention during the conclusion of the 1991 START negotiations, at which time the US pressed for a definition of "downloading" (removing warheads from missiles) that would complicate any Soviet attempt suddenly to deploy multiple warheads on the RT-2PM Topol.
Russia plans to reequip approximately 400 silos where obsolete UR-100, RT-2 and MR-UR-100 missiles are located. Under the START II Treaty, which never had and most likely will never have a binding effect, Russia would have been able to place 90 single-warhead solid fuel missiles in reequipped R-36 silos. In order to guard against a break-out scenario involving the rapid reconversion of R-36 silos on-site inspection became a very important aspect of START II verification.
The breakup of the Soviet Union had a significant impact on the Topol program. The dispersed manufacturing of ICBM components seriously complicated researching and building new missile systems. For example, the Minsk Wheeled Truck-Tractor Manufacturing Plant in Belarus manufactured the missiles' transporter launchers, and some 90% of the components of the guidance system were manufactured in Ukraine.
In Belarus, as of December 1995, 63 RT-2PM Topol ICBMs originally deployed there had been returned to Russia. As of December 1995, Belarus had two operational mobile RT-2PM Topol regiments remaining on its territory, with a total of 18 nuclear warheads. In July 1992, Belarus signed an agreement with Russia placing the regiments under exclusive Russian control. In September 1993, Moscow and Minsk signed an agreement requiring the return of these nuclear missiles and all related missile support equipment to Russia by the end of 1996. A total of 81 RT-2PM Topol ICBMs and associated warheads were returned to Russia from Belarus.
By the late 1990s the lack of resources and qualified personnel forced the Strategic Rocket Forces to cut back operations considerably, with no more than one or two regiments of the mobile RT-2PM Topol missiles dispersed in the field. The remaining 40 or so regiments, each with nine single-warhead missiles, remain in garrison.
In February 2001, in a special test of operational readiness, the Strategic Rocket Forces successfully launched a silo-based Topol ICBM at a target in the Kura Test Range in Kamchatka. The Topol missile, the oldest of its type still in the Russian arsenal, was said to have performed flawlessly despite having outlived by 150 percent its operational period of service.
dietro precise istruzioni di motostefano
qui le istruzioni: motostefano.blogspot.com/2010/08/polar-effect-panorama.ht...
► Instructions for the Gozanti are available at BrickVault!
Let's start 2025 with yet another Imperial ship! My ever-growing Nanofig-scale collection gets a new model: the very sleek Imperial Gozanti Cruiser from Rebels.
This build was painstakingly modeled to the most accurate reference material I could find. It features all the details of the original design: shield projectors, narrow viewport, symmetrical upper and ventral turrets, sensor array, tapered engines and wings...
The docking clamps on the underside can hold four TIE fighters I made for display, or two of my Midi AT-ATs, which are now updated and fully compatible with the Gozanti. All models are at the same Nanofigure scale.
The very organic shape of the whole upper section required a precise combination of angled panels in order to achieve a continuous, natural curve. This really felt like designing a fish, reproducing that "elongated teardrop" shape.
You'd think making a fish out of Lego was challenging enough... the wings of the ship had to not only be compact but also have a slight inwards taper. On top of that, they had to hold the weight of two AT-ATs. All these things were achieved thanks to a thin and sturdy technic structure.
This build also has detachable landing gear, and comes with two different stands: a short stand, ideal for displaying the Gozanti solely or with TIEs attached, and a beefier, taller stand to show it carrying two AT-ATs in mid-air. Badass.
At 55cm in length and made of about 3,000 parts, it's still a slim model that can fit pretty much anywhere in your Lego room. Once mounted on its tall stand with two AT-ATs though, it becomes a fairly impressive display piece, with more than 5,300 parts in total.
♦ Instructions available at BrickVault ♦
Toute aide pour une identification précise serait appréciée.
Any help for identification will be much appreciated.
▌ À voir en grand ici ! • Please view it large here!
▌ Retrouvez cette image sur mon blog • This picture is also visible on my blog
▌ Vous pouvez me suivre sur Twitter • You can follow-me on Twitter • @Tazintosh
Normally a precise hunter, this Reddish Egret misses his target.
I believe he picked up at least 10 comparably-sized fish during this hunting session, with this being the only one that eluded his first jab.
Does the Reddish Egret save face and capture the fish?
What3words provides a precise and incredibly simple way to talk about location. They have divided the world into a grid of 3m x 3m squares and assigned each one a unique 3 word address. For my 2019 photography project #johns2019photoproject, I will be using #what3words to find locations where at least one of the three word description has some relevance to the scene.
Marco Bischof's widely acclaimed book has already sold some 30'000 German-language copies (9th printing) since its publication in March 1995, and the success is continuing. It is the first comprehensive book on the world market for the general and scientific public on one of the hottest fields of frontier science which is about to lead to major conceptual breakthroughs and many useful applications in biophysics, biomedical science, biology, biotechnology, environmental science and food technology. Thousands of medical doctors, scientists, and interested laypersons in Germany, Switzerland and Austria who from the many newspaper and magazine articles and from several TV features in the last couple of years were aware of this development of potential breakthroughs in a number of scientific disciplines and wanted to obtain more precise and broadly accessible information have been waiting for this book that will remain the definitive publication on the topic for many years to come. Russian and Chinese translations are in preparation. The book has been awarded the 1995 Book Price by the Scientific and Medical Network (U.K.) and the Swiss Award 1997 by the Swiss Parapsychological Foundation.
What are biophotons ?
Biophotons, or ultraweak photon emissions of biological systems, are weak electromagnetic waves in the optical range of the spectrum - in other words: light. All living cells of plants, animals and human beings emit biophotons which cannot be seen by the naked eye but can be measured by special equipment developed by German researchers.
This light emission is an expression of the functional state of the living organism and its measurement therefore can be used to assess this state. Cancer cells and healthy cells of the same type, for instance, can be discriminated by typical differences in biophoton emission. After an initial decade and a half of basic research on this discovery, biophysicists of various European and Asian countries are now exploring the many interesting applications which range across such diverse fields as cancer research, non-invasive early medical diagnosis, food and water quality testing, chemical and electromagnetic contamination testing, cell communication, and various applications in biotechnology.
According to the biophoton theory developed on the base of these discoveries the biophoton light is stored in the cells of the organism - more precisely, in the DNA molecules of their nuclei - and a dynamic web of light constantly released and absorbed by the DNA may connect cell organelles, cells, tissues, and organs within the body and serve as the organism's main communication network and as the principal regulating instance for all life processes. The processes of morphogenesis, growth, differentiation and regeneration are also explained by the structuring and regulating activity of the coherent biophoton field. The holographic biophoton field of the brain and the nervous system, and maybe even that of the whole organism, may also be basis of memory and other phenomena of consciousness, as postulated by neurophysiologist Karl Pribram an others. The consciousness-like coherence properties of the biophoton field are closely related to its base in the properties of the physical vacuum and indicate its possible role as an interface to the non-physical realms of mind, psyche and consciousness.
The discovery of biophoton emission also lends scientific support to some unconventional methods of healing based on concepts of homeostasis (self-regulation of the organism), such as various somatic therapies, homeopathy and acupuncture. The "ch'i" energy flowing in our bodies' energy channels (meridians) which according to Traditional Chinese Medicine regulates our body functions may be related to node lines of the organism's biophoton field. The "prana" of Indian Yoga physiology may be a similar regulating energy force that has a basis in weak, coherent electromagnetic biofields.
Background
First discovered in 1923 by Russian medical scientist Professor Alexander G.Gurvich (who named them "mitogenetic rays") and in the 1930s widely researched in Europe and the USA, biophotons have been rediscovered and backed since the 1970s by ample experimental and theoretical evidence by European scientists. In 1974 German biophysicist Fritz-Albert Popp has proved their existence, their origin from the DNA and later their coherence (laser-like nature), and has developed biophoton theory to explain their possible biological role and the ways in which they may control biochemical processes, growth, differentiation etc. Popp's biophoton theory leads to many startling insights into the life processes and may well provide one of the major elements of a future theory of life and holistic medical practice based on such an approach. The importance of the discovery has been confirmed by eminent scientists such as Herbert Froehlich and Nobel laureate Ilya Prigogine. Since 1992, the International Institute of Biophysics, a network of research laboratories in more than 10 countries, based in Germany, is coordinating research in this field which promises rapid development in the next decade.
Aims of the book
To date the few books about biophotons have been highly technical and written mainly in German. Not even among these, there was any single book integrating all that is known today about this fascinating field of science which is likely to become soon a much discussed topic also in the English-speaking world. The author, who in 1994-95 has served as Managing Director of the International Institute of Biophysics at Neuss (Germany) and still is a member of the Board of Directors of this institute, has closely followed biophoton research since 1977 and so was predestined to write the first comprehensive account of the subject ever made. His aim was to reach a wider public among scientists, medical doctors and the scientifically aware. The book which embeds the more technical parts in a popular treatment of the historical antecedents of the concept of "energy bodies", "life energies" and biolectricity, and to the ages-old scientific controversy between vitalistic and mechanistic trends in biology and medicine, also appeals to a general readership interested in new developments in the biological and physical sciences and in medicine and in their interplay with consciousness research and new age ideas.
1. Elements of a physics of the living
What are photons ? / What are biophotons ? / What is the origin of biophoton emission ? / The coherence of biophotons / Regulation by the biophoton field / The network of light metabolism / The present state of the discussion / Biophoton theory and alternative medicine / Biophoton theory as a basis for a scientific theory of life appropriate to nature / The new concept of the cell / The big network / From the molecular to the field perspective / Significance of the new concept / Will biology turn out to be more fundamental than physics ? / Possibilities of misuse / Which philosophy will prevail ?
PART I. Prehistory
2. The Aura
The concept of nonmaterial "energy bodies" / Subtle bodies of light / "Mana" and "inner fire" / Indian, Tibetan and Chinese concepts / Visionary concept of the "essential light" of man / Paracelsus' "archaeus"
3.Electrobiology and vitalism
Bioelectricity / The vitalistic tradition / Romantic medicine: illness as a developmental crisis / Claude Bernard's homeostasis: self-regulation of the organism
4. Scientific Medicine
At the origin of modern electrophysiology: the injury current / The Berlin school of physiology: the "overcoming" of vitalism / The "Bernstein hypothesis" of the membrane potential: paradigm of the new "scientific medicine" / The link between electricity and life energy is severed / "Scientific medicine" conquers the US and the world / Ehrlich's "receptor theory"
5. From Mesmer to Reich
Mesmer's "animal magnetism" / Baron Reichenbach's "odic force" / Wilhelm Reich's "orgone"
6. The inconquerable aura
Kilner's aura screens / Albert Hofmann: the aura is subjective / A contemporary description of the aura / The biophysical basis of the aura
7. Electromagnetic man
Blondlot's "N-rays" / Hofmann finds "head and hand rays" / An early Swiss pioneer of electrobiology / The beginnings of modern electrobiology: Burr's "electrodynamic field" / Electromagnetic field structure at the beginning of embryonic development / Electrical determination of ovulation / The connection between electrodynamic field and the psyche / Electrical indications of illness / Robert O.Becker rehabilitates Matteucci's injury current / The body's own electrical regeneration system / Successful electrical stimulation of bone repair / The discovery of the "perineural DC system" / Brain and nervous system: a combination of analog and digital information coding ?
PART II: Beginnings
8. Alexander Gurvich and mitogenetic radiation
The onion root experiment of 1922 / Cells emit light at birth and at death / Cellular radiation and cancer / The theory of the biological field / The "unequilibrated molecular complexes" / Gurvich as a pioneer of modern biophysical concepts / The fate of mitogenetic research / The two schools of biophoton research / The reasons for the ending of Western mitogenetic research before World War II / After World War II
9. Fritz-Albert Popp: How a physicist came to the light
The riddle of cancer genesis / Light in the organism ? / The Kaznacheev experiment / The foundations for biophoton theory are laid
10. ....and there was light !
The first rigorous proof for the existence of the cell emission / Enormous enhancement of chemical reactivity / Experimental proof for Prigogine's theory
11. A stony way to knowledge
The "imperfection theory" / Lossless circulation of light in the cell / Is plant and animal tissue transparent for light ? / A challenge to laboratory physics / Recognition comes
12. From chaos to order : Prigogine's "dissipative structures" and Froehlich's "Bose-condensate"
The biochemical world picture / Dissipative structures / Coherent electromagnetic interactions
13. The bio-informatics of electromagnetic interactions
Our radiation environment / Ionizing radiation / Non-ionizing radiation / UV radiation / UV light and the immune system / The visible light / The role of the pineal / Antagonistic effects of colored light / How light enters into the body / Fundamental light sensitivity / High-frequency radiation / Electromagnetic pollution / Two opposite views on biological communication / ULF, ELF and VLF (low frequency) radiation / Weather radiation / The correspondence between weather radiation and brainwaves / On the search for a new explanation of radiation effects
14. A scientific revolution
Meaningful event or blind mechanism ? / The Berlin and the Goettingen schools of thought / An antipode of molecular biology: Georges Lakhovsky / A pioneer of the new thinking: Vladimir Vernadsky / Presman's revolutionary concept / New approaches come to prevail only very slowly / Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the principle of least effort / The two currents in science: mechanists vs. vitalists / Quantitative power thinking versus the wisdom of non-violence / The intelligence of nature
PART III . Fundamentals
15. The ecology and the physiology of light
The radiation of the sun and the self-regulation of "Gaia". Photosynthesis / Skin and eyes as "light valves" / The role of melanin in the transduction of light
16. Organisms as light stores
Coherent sunlight / The cavity model / Hyperbolic decay / Organisms are biological lasers
17. DNA: Light storage in spiral molecules
Replication / Repair / Transcription / Translation / DNA hyperstructures / The ethidium bromide experiment / DNA the most important source of biophoton emission / The exciplex model of DNA / DNA as lasering matter / The origin of Schroedinger's "order suction" (?) : Bose-condensation in DNA / Photon-phonon-interaction / DNA as a pulsating "light pump" / A hierarchy of light-active molecule systems / Molecular and cellular pulsations / Melanins as collaborators of DNA ? / DNA predestined to be the central control of the biophoton field / The antenna geometry of DNA
18. Coherent states: Organisms at the threshold between Yin and Yang
The bioplasma concept / The biological laser field: dynamic stability at the laser threshold / The peculiarity of biological coherence / The Dicke theory and "Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics" / Actual and potential information / Biological consequences
19. The genesis and development of life in the biophoton field
Matter consists of vibrations / Particles and fields originate from the "void" / Quantum physics treats reality according to acustical laws / Jenny's "cymatics" as a model of morphogenesis / The basic mechanism of morphogenesis: Interference / The importance of frequency / Light as the organizing principle of matter / Material structures as antennae for radiation / Evolution in the radiation field / The communication experiments / The residual light amplifier makes biophotons visible for the first time / When blood cells communicate / Evolution as the expansion of coherent states
20. The biophoton field as morphogenetic field: The development of the embryo
Field properties of organisms / The field description of the cleaving process shows harmonical laws / Holographic properties / Further stages of embryonic development: The dialectics of internal and surface cellular fields / The transition from cleavage to gastrulation: From point symmetry to axial symmetry / The genesis of partial fields / The phase of the genesis of germinal layers: a sensitive stage
21. The three germinal layers
Germinal layers as energy systems / Dissimilar degree of coherence of the three systems
22. The regulation of differentiation and growth by the biophoton field
Properties of organisms that are not determined by genetic activity / junk genes ? / The "c value paradoxon" / Non-genetic role of DNA ? / The exciplex model of DNA solves open problems in biology / The complementarity of growth and differentiation / The electromagnetic model of cell differentiation and growth confirmed experimentally
23. Biochemical regulation
Coordinated and ordered biochemical activity through the biophoton field / The biochemistry of the cell in a new light / The role of photon frequencies and of the particle geometry / Dynamical structuring of the regulating field / Are biological rhythms controlled by the biophoton field ? / Homeostasis through light-controlled entropy gradients / The entire metabolic work accomplished by biophotons ?
24. Harmonical structures
Mitotic spindle ordered by cavity waves ? / Microtubuli as optical waveguides ? / Cell skeleton built up by light ? / The role of water / Order and water metabolism in the cell are linked / Vibrating musculature / A complex resonance structure makes the organism react very sensitively / States of tension / Biophotons in the nervous system / Holographic biophoton fields in the brain / Altered states of consciousness / A coupling between the nervous system and other oscillators in the organism ? / Our odorous aura
PART IV. Applications
25. Illness and health
Health as a coherent state / Illness as a developmental crisis / Stages of illness / Immunological resistance and effectiveness of substances explainable through biophoton field
26. Regulation forms and types of illness
Polar ordering of regulation systems / Reactive types and the proneness towards certain illnesses / Yin and Yang illnesses / Pischinger's "Basic regulatory system" as a basis for all regulations
27. Cancer: Loss of coherence and of the ability to store light
Cancer tissue has different emission / The tumor is the symptom, not the illness / A fast and cheap tumor test
28. Homeopathic principles as a "guiding line" for modern medicine
Holistic regulation through vibrations / High potencies improve the coherence of the organism and are effective on the causal level / Homeopathic effects not explainable biochemically / Electromagnetic fields can substiute substances / The memory of water / Coherence therapy
29. Urine, blood, and breath tests; smoking test
The luminescence of urine indicates illnesses / Has blood radiation a diagnostic value ? / Blood and urine of smokers show stronger emission / Luminescent breath
30. A test for determining immunological resistance
Radiant phagocytes / A Tibetan drug under test / Biophoton measurements on the flu remedy Echinacine
31. Food quality analysis
In fact we eat sunlight / A concentration of the sunlight towards DNA / ATP as a light carrier / Not the caloric but the information content determines the quality of foodstuffs / The light storage capacity of the "living macromolecules" / Fats and sunlight / A test system for Popp's hypothesis / Free range eggs clearly distinguishable from battery eggs / Is it possible to discriminate biological from conventional foodstuffs ? / Different production and fertilization methods as well as contamination by pesticides and heavy metals engender different biophoton emissions / Bacterial contamination in beer can be detected at an early stage / Biophoton method is superior to biochemical analysis in some essential aspects / The result in the controversy about biological products / Detection of oxidative degradation of organic substances
32. Agriculture
Improvement of quality and yield through "resonance stimulation" by laser light / Bad quality and low resistance of glass-house products due to lack of UV light / Electromagnetic stimulation of growth (electroculture) / Acoustic stimulation of plant growth
33. Water research and "biological activity"
Water - an enigmatic substance / Water structures - facts and speculations / The memory of water / Are biological experiments and biophoton measurements more adequate than other methods of investigation ? / Is the structural aspect of water overemphasized ? / Different types of water can be differentiated / The discrimination of natural and synthetic substances based on their "biological activity"
34. Environmental pollution
Gaseous pollutants / Biophoton emission as a measure of the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of ionizing radiation / Synergetic mechanisms of damage
35. Dying forests
Water lentils as bio-indicators / Nuclear plants and dying forests: is there a connection ? / Electrochemical smog and dying forests
36. Methods of bioelectronic diagnosis
1. The Bioelectronic Test according to Vincent / Bioelectronic measurements of body fluids to assess Claude Bernard's "terrain" / Cancer prognosis possible ?
2. Electroacupuncture / Electroacupuncture according to Voll (EAV) / Electroacupuncture according to Croon ("Electroneural diagnostics") / The "Ryodoraku method" of Nakatani / The AMI method of Motoyama
3. The bases of acupuncture / A possible participation of meridians in the formation of embryonic organs / Meridians may be not material channels but node lines of the biophoton field / Acupuncture points electrically distinguished / A new method shows if someone is healthy or ill / The stimulation of acupuncture points / Biophoton research furnishes bases for electrodiagnostics
4. Kirlian photography / Between bioelectrical measurement and biophoton measurement / Distribution of electrical charge on the skin is fundamental / Diagnostic evaluation still in its beginnings / New technical developments / Use for quality analysis of foodstuffs and liquids
5. Whole body biophoton diagnostics / The biophysical basis of the aura / The works of Gulyaev and Godik / Thermoregulation diagnostics / Biophoton measurements on humans / "Hand radiation" and healers / The whole-body biophoton diagnostics project
37. Methods of bioelectronic therapy
1. MORA and radionics
2. Electrotherapy / An old tradition / Electrotherapy in the 19th century / High-frequency AC therapy / ELF therapy
3. Chromotherapy (Therapy with colored light) / Ghadiali's chromotherapy / Beginnings of modern light therapy / The actual situation of chromotherapy
4. Laser therapy / Soft-laser applications with weak light / The work of Inyushin / Laser stimulation of tissue regeneration / Laser stimulation of acupuncture points / The mechanism of soft laser therapy / Resonance stimulation of the biophoton field
PART V. Outlook
38. The biophoton field - mediator between body and soul ?
Biophotons - to be analysed in the framework of current science / Is there an even more fundamental level of the organism "behind" the biophoton field ? / The rebirth of the "ether" / The zero-point energy of the vacuum / Bearden's "scalar fields" / Wheeler's "quantum foam" / Bohm's "implicate order" / Burkhard Heim's six-dimensional world model / Photons as mediators between matter and spirit ? / The consciousness-like aspects of matter / Coherence as a bridge to the realm of consciousness / Biophoton theory and the vacuum field / Organisms may control their own space structure and flow of time: Dubrov's theory of "biogravitation" / Pulsation between space and "counter-space": biological space and the ether in the anthroposophical doctrine / The polarity between levity and gravity / The pulse of life
Marco Bischof
522 pp., more than 160 illustrations, 5 color plates, extensive bibliography and index.
German publisher: Zweitausendeins, Frankfurt.
Publication date: March 1995
Actual edition (May 1998): 9th printing
Total number of copies sold in German-language market: 27'000
ISBN 3-86150-095-7
World rights: Zweitausendeins.
showcase Exquisite...Vitrine Exquise: Avec la participation de Art Orienté Objet, James Lee Byars, Jimmie Durham, ExtraLucide, Olivier Mosset, Matt Mullican, Rebecca Purcell, Dana Sherwood, Morgane Tschiember, Robert Williams et Raphaël Zarka. Commissariat : Sarina Basta
French castles are riddles with motifs, icons, and symbols, all with precise meanings. Above the Renaissance fireplace in Louis XIV's drawing room at Châtéau de Chenonceau is a Salamander and the Stoat, the signs of François I and Queen Claude of France. The salamander was a creature that had a place in the bestiary of magical animals. According to legend, it that could survive on land and in water could also withstand fire.
It's the truth though. Normal Stormies seem to be horrible marksmen while Sandies seem to be very precise. I wonder how much money they'll get in the settlement.
Day 748 Y3D19
Elephants have a compulsion for establishing a precise pecking order within a herd. If there are forty elephants in the herd, it is very important for them to know who is N° 39, and who is N° 40. The Numero Uno, of course, will always be the oldest matriarch.
They establish this order by imposing their strength and will power by pushing and shoving, and holding their ground against each other. There's no violence or bloodshed – eventually, one of them simply tires and steps back, signaling acceptance of an inferior level on the org chart, which is essentially a totem pole.
Male elephants can get into some really fierce fights over mating rights, but these two juveniles here are merely jockeying for their position in the herd. Their movements are slow enough that the two birds perched on the back of one of the elephants aren't even paying any attention to it!
Amboseli, Kenya
BW D05-0142-1DX06642
Admirers learned of its loss when they hoped to see the phenomenon at exactly 4:33 pm on Sunday, when the Earth's axis was directly perpendicular to the sun -- marking the first day of spring.
STRASBOURG : The stained glass at a cathedral in eastern France will no longer produce a distinctive green ray seen just twice a year, on the spring and autumn equinoxes, after the precise pane was replaced...
Please credit and share this article with others using this link:https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/2283094/strasbourg-cathedral-loses-famed-green-ray-to-fans-chagrin. View our policies at goo.gl/9HgTd and goo.gl/ou6Ip. © Bangkok Post PCL. All rights reserved.
The green equinoxial light of Strasbourg cathedral...The sun darkens its light from Chaldea to the base of the midnight mountain. But men do not notice it, they are blinded by the appearance of falsehood, by the Appearance of crept gold.
The light of the ray indicates a new time and certainly that the emperor Guillaume in 1871 wished to find a symbolych with the architect Klotz, and Knauth took again this Babylonian symbolism in the Egyptian writing. The bible blends with the book of Enoch and the Zohar, so the green ray is a bit like announcing a new time. The concave structure of the foot stems from a piece of kheops that was probably also used to illuminate the royal tomb in the heart of a stone mountain. we find the story of Goethe's Green Serpent. Many good people fall, many deceitful people rise up in their place. Damaged her horrible breath reverses most people's thoughts. What is pure will go down, what is unclean will go up. What was downstairs will be upstairs; the places swap evil and good. People will be drunk. Delusions will rule the world. to the land of the north.The light of the north is the star that guides us, it should be noted that the green ray comes from the east.(orient) From whose maltreated earth the deliverer ascends, the avenger: The Third Sargon! And from north to south, the lone righteous shall rise up and will be mighty, and will strike the fire like a storm and carry it forward, all of which burns badly everywhere, yes, everywhere. He would set the course that had to be set - on behalf of the Godhead - so that fulfil what is prophesied: the birth of the New Golden Age! The Germans had to do it. they who are divinely destined and called to do so, they had to establish the new kingdom - not but for the whole world! Presumably in August of 1917, four men and women met at the Viennese café "Schopenhauer" and a woman to set the course for the future of humanity. It was the German adventurers and esoteric Karl Haushofer and Rudolf von Sebottendorff, the medium Maria Orschitsch from Zagreb. the young engineer and pilot Lothar Waiz and the prelate Gernot von der Geheimnisen "Community of the Knights Templar Heirs" (Societas Templi Marcioni).Your spokesman was certainly Rudolf von Sebottendorff, and I think we can reconstruct quite well, what he may have first recited to the Templar - Prelate in order to present his and his friends to prove their skills:How our solar year is divided into twelve months according to the twelve moon orbits - i. e.
the twelve zodiacs of astrology - the orbit around the great central sun is the same of our Milky Way into twelve animal or Tyre districts; this is done in cooperation with the
precession, the conical inherent motion of the earth due to the inclination of the axis, which is different ages of the world. Such a "cosmic month" lasts about 2155 years, the
"cosmic year" is about 25,860 years.Now we are at the end of the Fish Age and the beginning of the Aquarian Age - the
New Golden Age, in which the Millennial Kingdom of Peace will also come, from in the twentieth chapter of John Revelation.However, there is not only a normal change of age ahead, but the end of a cosmic year and the start of a completely new one. We have completed the approximately 25,860-year-old precession and change from the darkest, weakest, darkest age, the age of fish, into the the age of Aquarius. At the same time as the age of fish, the "potash -
Yuga ", the age of sin according to the indo-Aryan definition.
The green ray is therefore a clock to measure the time that separates us from the golden age.
Due to the combined effect of precession and elliptical orbit around the large central sun, wich now stands a completely different divine - cosmic radiation and a dramatic of the circumstances on Earth. This is especially important because the large central sun - the Black Sun "of ancient myths - is to be seen as a source of power for the Godhead, whose
will soon exercise its influence undisturbed.All changes in the age have led to major changes in political, religious and social life.of this scale. This will now be the subject of a new cosmic year at the upcoming change of age. be much stronger. Anything that is not suitable for the new age of light will perish. A completely new order will take hold of the whole earth. We are now in the in the final stage of the final battle in the great intercosmic battle of the world. The Powers of Darkness re-grow up again to fight wildly. Just as consistently and with the weapons of light, we must face it.
In June 1984, Mr Maurice Rosart, an ENSAIS engineer, revealed in the course of his of a conference he gave, whom he had discovered in the Cathedral a phenomenon of exceptional luminous light and rare beauty, which could not a priori be the fruit of a coincidence.In fact, this exceptional green light is caused by the rays of the sun which pass through the green transparent glass of the left foot of Judah, ancestor of Christ, appearing in the second and third parts window of the fourth span at the southern triforium. It should be noted that similar luminous manifestations of light have been shown in the following ways especially during the solstices, in other cathedrals and in other cathedrals. especially at Notre-Dame de Chartes. To determine the instant of a phenomenon caused by the sun comes back to endo an astronomical analysis. Indeed, the interplay of shadows and light produced by the sun, through a painted stained glass window, is a function of the position and the motion of this star on the celestial vault. Astronomical analysis of the equinoxial luminous phenomenon has shown that that the green ray, contrary to what had been assumed to be a premium mentioned by the press, passes over the head of Christ about one hour before noon, i. e. before the moment when the the sun occupies the highest position during the day, and one or two days after the spring equinox and one or two days after the spring equinox days after the fall equinox. In addition, due to the presence of obstructions that obstruct the operation of the roof of the south sill and the triforium gallery, the green light is not visible, from the axis of the pulpit, around the equinoxes, that for a period of approximately one month, i. e. approximately 12 days before and 20 days after the spring equinox, as well as 20 days after the spring equinox before and 12 days after the fall equinox. From the results of the astronomical analysis, we can deduce various interpretations of the phenomenon according to the moment when it is considered to occur.
period of visibility of the light or architectural motif, and
the green ray. The mechanism that makes up the green plate on Judah's left foot,more transparent than the other parts of the stained glass, and the vertical axis of the cross with its center can be considered as a sundialquinoxial. It's a way to spot the time of the change of season: winter-spring passage around 20 March and summer passage fall around 22 September. The whole thus constitutes in some respects
sort of an astronomical clock. The green ray is only visible from the axis of the pulpit during a period of one month at each equinox. During this period, it scans the whole pulpit from top to bottom in spring and from bottom to top in
fall. The phenomenon can thus be interpreted as a general
value of the pulpit and jewel of flamboyant gothic art that it
constitutes. The ray of light passes over Christ's head in the vicinity of the spring equinox near the Easter feast. So we can to consider the green ray as illuminating and radiating Christ on the the cross of Golgotha on the eve of his resurrection on the morning of Easter morning at Easter.
new light of spring. Luminous effects caused by stained glass were observed in various cathedrals where medieval glass artists searched for express their mystical and religious feelings. What about the effect optics in the Cathedral of Strasbourg? Is the phenomenon the fruit of an intention on the part of the master glassmaker, creator of the stained-glass window of Judah, or is it just a coincidence whose effect is particularly significant happy?To try to answer these questions, we must look back to the time which created the stained glass window of Judah and the artist who designed the cardboard.In 1843, Louis Schneegans and Frédéric Klein drew up an inventory of stained glass windows. With regard to triforium, the southern triforium, they noted that in the first three eastern fenestrelles were the busts of Jesus Christ, Melchi and Semei. The warheads of other fenestrelles ornaments decorated with geometric, floral and foliated ornaments. The medallions contained busts, stars, clovers and other medallions motives. As for the window currently occupied by Jacob and Judah in the green ray phenomenon, they noted that in the a clover and in the warheads a leaf was found in a clover, and in the warheads a erased drawing, foreign pieces and blackened glasses. These canopies were remodeled from 1848 to 1850 by Ritter and Baptiste.
Petit-Gérard by applying the conservation principle. They have and supplemented by floral motifs such as those which
still exist today in the windows of the sixth bay of the
South triforium. The busts of Christ, Melchi and Semei were at this time in this church. opportunity taken and put in deposit at the shop of the Work of Notre-Dame
in the Impasse des Trois-Gâteaux. Of course the two lower panels of the canopies, which at the time were filled with white glass, were equipped with painted stained-glass windows. But as early as 1848, even before the restoration was undertaken, the abb. Gerber and others felt that the genealogy of the Christ according to St Luke, part of which was restored by Marshal and Gugnon from 1847 to 1848, was already present in the northern triforium. From 1873 to 1875
floral motifs made a quarter of a century ago have been
replaced by footed characters from the genealogy of Christ' s Melea to God according to the Gospel of St. Luke (3:31-38) according to the Gospel of St. Luke. Vulgate Clementine who was the authoritative Vulgate at that time. The work has
executed by Pierre, son of Baptiste Petit-Gérard and Ferdinand Huguelin on the basis of the cartons drawn by the painter "d' histoire". Louis Steinheil Parisian but born in Strasbourg.
The stained glass window of Judah which
was received by Gustave Klotz on August 8,1875.
In 1897, the Ott-Frères company was commissioned to restore these stained glass windows consisting of reusing the lead plating with reuse of all old glasses even broken and complemented by glass antique.
At the beginning of the last war, in September 1939, most of the stained-glass windows were placed under the direction of architect C. Czarnowsky Historic Monuments. Stained glass crates were sent the Prefecture of the Dordogne Department and finally put in security at the Château de Haute Fort. In the autumn of 1940, the stained-glass windows were claimed by the authorities German occupiers. They were brought back to Strasbourg, and put in storage
in the chapels of the Cathedral and in the cellars of the Lycée Fustel de Coulanges, the Grand Séminaire and the Maison de l' Oeuvre NotreDame. In the summer of 1941, the Interim Museums Directorate had an Archaeological and photographic survey of all the glass windows.Unfortunately, the collection of photographs has disappeared. However, it is
is possible that it still exists and may be stored somewhere
in Germany.After the bombardments by the American Air Force on August 11 and 25 On 1 September 1944, the German authorities responsible for safeguarding the
artistic treasures decided to transfer the stained-glass windows to a salt plant Heilbronn. For the pulpit whose centre of the cross is swept by the green equinoxial light, it was carved and installed from 1485 1487. It was removed in 1793 and restored in 1804 probably exactly at its old location. Since then, she hasn't had any not even during the last three wars. As for the roof of the southern sill, whose roof limits the duration of the roof. green light, it has been the subject of extensive work by 1843 to 1844, when it was covered with copper plates in Replacement of tile roofing. Since then, it has not been the subject of than repair and maintenance work. After the war, in September 1945, the boxes containing the glass windows were recovered and brought back to Strasbourg. In 1946, before their panels of each stained glass window, particularly those of the southern triforium, were photographed by the Taon company for the first time.
account of the central administration of the Monuments Service History. A collection of photographs is currently kept at the Photographic Archives of Historic Monuments at Fort Saint Saint Cyr 78390 Bois dArcy. The pictures of the three panels of the Judah stained glass window wear the M. H. number. 302,325 to 302,327. Some of the panels, including those in Judah's stained glass window, were a new
photographed by Riotte between 1947 and 1950 after their restoration by the Ott-Frères House. The unnumbered photos are currently kept at the Bas-Rhin Departmental Architecture Service. Around 1950, the exact year could not be determined, and the stained-glass windows of the
triforium were rested by Ott-Frères. During this operation, the interversions have occurred. A comparative study of the disposition with the continuation of the ancestors of Christ according to the Gospel of St Luke (3,23-38) in accordance with the Vulgate Clementine has made it possible to locate
these interversions. They affect more than a third of the stained-glass windows in both galleries of triforium, but fortunately they do not concern the stained-glass windows in the fourth bay of the southern triforium, and in particular
not the position of Judah who intervenes in the phenomenon of light equinoxial green.
Around 1972, Maurice Rosart observed for the first time that the equinoxial green light caused by the sun's rays.
sun rays passing through the glass plate representing the foot left of Judah. Now this piece of glass, which is tinted green in the the mass, kept its transparency. So she seems to have been treated different from the other parts of the stained glass.
This fact was confirmed, after an on-site examination in February 1985, by Mr. Hubert Werlé, glass painter in Haguenau. In addition, this glassmaker is of the opinion that the part in question is made of antique glass of manufacture and it appears to have been introduced into the stained glass window while it was in place, probably during a repair. Transparency measures carried out in September 1985 with the help of a luxmeter showed that the ratio between the transparency of the foot. The right foot and left foot is about 1 to 10. the same glass of the right foot is treated in such a way that it is possible to see the glass of the right foot. so that the formation of a light beam is impossible.In addition, a comparison of the current state of the stained glass window with its condition reveals by photographs taken between 1946 and 1950 shows the the left foot of Judah at that time wore the foot neck trace whereas at present there is no longer such a trace. The between 1950 and 1972 and it turns out that the repair was carried out in the period 1950-1972. date and 1st reason for the repair as well as the date of the repair. glass quality of the plate that the glassmaker replaced.
We therefore consulted with Fernand Guri, architect of the
Retired buildings in France and Messrs. Lucien Schaeffer,
master glassmaker, and Frédéric Bangratz, glass painter, two retirees from the Ott-Frères House. The three persons contacted were of the opinion that, given
the period of time during which the repair appears to have been carried out, the the glass replacement was certainly made by the Ott Frères company, but they don't remember. They believe that the employment of a untreated glass proves that the work performed was in the area of
the ongoing maintenance of stained glass windows and that it will therefore be difficult to find the date and reason for the repair. In fact, it will be as much more difficult than the archives of the Ott-Frères House concerning this
no longer exist. But we do think we should find out
details of the remedy and the date of the resting
of the triforium stained-glass windows after 1946 in the M. H. archives. conserved at the Bas-Rhin Departmental Architecture Service.
From this, a number of conclusions can be drawn
The stained glass window of Judah, which is at the origin of the equinoxial green ray, was created by the Holy Spirit.
around 1875. It was therefore posed after the restoration of the pulpit in the Cathedral in 1804 and after the last major works at the the roof of the southern sill, which was completed in 1843 1844. This stained glass window is therefore very recent and modern. In addition, its directors are well known.Therefore, if the equinoxial luminous phenomenon was really the not by chance, the authors could not be the result of an intentional that, on the one hand, the glass painters Pierre Petit-Gérard and Ferdinand Huguelin and, on the other hand, the history painter Louis Steinheil. He's got born in Strasbourg and author of the stained-glass cardboard could have be aware of an equinoxial optical effect caused by the probably before 1848, at the time when the sun's rays were first observed. The lower panels of the lancets were still made of white glass. Examination of Judah's cardboard could provide some clues in this regard. But this cardboard can't be found. The same applies to coloured drawings stained-glass windows of the southern triforium, which were to be executed after the completion of panels in accordance with Gustave's instructions Klotz.
On the other hand, the examination of the photographs of the lower stained-glass panel of Judah performed by Taon in 1946 and Riotte between 1947 and 1950 presumes that the treatment of the glass of the two feet of Judah was practically the same since each piece bears the trace of the elbow-foot
The transparency of the glass of Judah's left foot was therefore significantly increased as a result of the replacement of the original glass by a untreated glass, probably in case of repair, at least of the stained glass window that must have taken place at the around 1950. The phenomenon of green equinoxial light
seems to have been strengthened or perhaps even created during this period.repair.As a result, it can be concluded at first glance that the phenomenon of equinoxial green light is very likely to have a purely accidental nature.But there are still some doubts. First of all, we don't have found in the archives of the recent repair of the stained glass window of
Judah. Secondly, we have so far ignored the attitude of
of the character of Judah. According to Mr. Maurice's interpretation, this one Rosart, direct his gaze on the circular medallion, which could represent the solar disk, and shows the solar disk with the index finger of the right hand.
left foot of green color which, him, is at the origin of the green ray. What is the significance of this attitude? Should it attract attention? on the luminous phenomenon of the equinox? The current state of our knowledge doesn't allow you to say it!
In summary, if indeed the phenomenon of green light
quinoxial was due only to a combination of circumstances, chance would have done things really well and would have caused an effect particularly happy and wonderful, attracting each time a lot of more and more admirers.
Louis Tschaen
Bulletin de la Cathédrale de Strasbourg, XVII, 1986
michel.lalos.free.fr/cadrans_solaires/autres_depts/bas_rh...
Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. A self-disorder, also called ipseity disturbance, is a psychological phenomenon of disruption or diminishing of a person's sense of minimal (or basic) self-awareness. The precise mechanisms that cause bipolar disorder are not well understood. Bipolar disorder is thought to be associated with abnormalities in the structure and function of certain brain areas responsible for cognitive tasks and the processing of emotions. A neurologic model for bipolar disorder proposes that the emotional circuitry of the brain can be divided into two main parts. The ventral system (regulates emotional perception) includes brain structures such as the amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and the prefrontal cortex. The dorsal system (responsible for emotional regulation) includes the hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and other parts of the prefrontal cortex.The model hypothesizes that bipolar disorder may occur when the ventral system is overactivated and the dorsal system is underactivated.Other models suggest the ability to regulate emotions is disrupted in people with bipolar disorder and that dysfunction of the ventricular prefrontal cortex (vPFC) is crucial to this disruption.
If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it is less severe, it is called hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable, and they often make impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences.[5] There is usually also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases.[5] During periods of depression, the individual may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others.[ The risk of suicide is high; over a period of 20 years, 6% of those with bipolar disorder died by suicide, while 30–40% engaged in self-harm. Other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, are commonly associated with bipolar disorder. The sense of minimal self refers to the very basic sense of having experiences that are one's own; it has no properties, unlike the more extended sense of self, the narrative self, which is characterized by the person's reflections on themselves as a person, things they like, their identity, and other aspects that are the result of reflection on one's self. Disturbances in the sense of minimal self, as measured by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE), aggregate in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, to include schizotypal personality disorder, and distinguish them from other conditions such as psychotic bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. The minimal self has been likened to a "flame that enlightens its surroundings and thereby itself." Unlike the extended self, which is composed of properties such as the person's identity, the person's narrative, and other aspects that can be gleaned from reflection, the minimal self has no properties, but refers to the "mine-ness" "given-ness" of experience, that the experiences are that of the person having them in that person's stream of consciousness. These experiences that are part of the minimal self are normally "tacit" and implied, requiring no reflection on the part of the person experiencing to know that the experience is theirs. The minimal self cannot be further elaborated and normally one cannot grasp it upon reflection. The minimal self goes hand-in-hand with immersion in the shared social world, such that "[t]he world is always pregiven, ie, tacitly grasped as a self-evident background of all experiencing and meaning." This is the self-world structure. De Warren gives an example of the minimal self combined with immersion in the shared social world: "When looking at this tree in my backyard, my consciousness is directed toward the tree and not toward my own act of perception. I am, however, aware of myself as perceiving this tree, yet this self-awareness (or self-consciousness) is not itself thematic."[5] The focus is normally on the tree itself, not on the person's own act of seeing the tree: to know that one is seeing the tree does not require an act of reflection. In the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the minimal self and the self-world structure are "constantly challenged, unstable, and oscillating," causing anomalous self-experiences known as self-disorders. These involve the person feeling as if they lack an identity, as if they are not really existing, that the sense of their experiences being their own (the "mine-ness" of their experiential world) is failing or diminishing, as if their inner experiences are no longer private, and that they don't really understand the world. These experiences lead to the person engaging in hyper-reflectivity, or abnormally prolonged and intense self-reflection, to attempt to gain a grasp on these experiences, but such intense reflection may further exacerbate the self-disorders. Self-disorders tend to be chronic, becoming incorporated into the person's way of being and affecting "how" they experience the world and not necessarily "what" they experience. This instability of the minimal self may provoke the onset of psychosis. Similar phenomena can occur in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and depersonalization disorder, but Sass's (2014) review of the literature comparing accounts of self-experience in various mental disorders shows that serious self-other confusion and "severe erosion of minimal self-experience" only occur in schizophrenia; as an example of the latter, Sass cites the autobiographical account of Elyn Saks, who has schizophrenia, of her experience of "disorganization" in which she felt that thoughts, perceptions, sensations, and even the passage of time became incoherent, and that she had no longer "the solid center from which one experiences reality", which occurred when she was 7 or 8 years old. This disturbance tends to fluctuate over time based on emotions and motivation, accounting for the phenomenon of dialipsis in schizophrenia, where neurocognitive performance tends to be inconsistent over time. The disturbance of the minimal self may manifest in people in various ways, including as a tendency to inspect one's thoughts in order to know what they are thinking, like a person seeing an image, reading a message, or listening closely to someone talking (audible thoughts; or in German: Gedankenlautwerden). In normal thought, the "signifier" (the images or inner speech representing the thought) and the "meaning" are combined into the "expression", so that the person "inhabits" their thinking, or that both the signifier and the meaning implicitly come to mind together; the person does not need to reflect on their thoughts to understand what they are thinking. In people with self-disorder, however, it is frequently the case that many thoughts are experienced as more like external objects that are not implicitly comprehended. The person must turn their focus toward the thoughts to understand their thoughts because of that lack of implicit comprehension, a split of the signifier and the meaning from each other, where the signifier emerges automatically in the field of awareness but the meaning does not. This is an example of the failing "mine-ness" of the experiential field as the minimal self recedes from its own thoughts, which are consigned to an outer space. This is present chronically, both during and outside of psychosis, and may represent a middle point between normal inner speech and auditory hallucinations, as well as normal experience and first-rank symptoms. They may also experience uncontrolled multiple trains of thought with different themes simultaneously coursing through one's head interfering with concentration (thought pressure) or often feel they must attend to things with their full attention in order to get done what most people can do without giving it much thought (hyper-reflectivity), which can lead to fatigue.In a 2014 review, Postmes, et al., suggested that self-disorders and psychosis may arise from attempts to compensate for perceptual incoherence and proposed a hypothesis for how the interaction among these phenomena and the person's attempts to resolve the incoherence give rise to schizophrenia. The problems with the integration of sensory information create problems for the person in keeping a grip on the world, and since the self-world interaction is fundamentally linked to the basic sense of self, the latter is also disrupted as a result. Sass and Borda have studied the correlates of the dimensions of self-disorders, namely disturbed grip (perplexity, difficulty "getting" stuff most people can get), hyperreflexivity (where thoughts, feelings, sensations, and objects pop up uncontrollably in the field of awareness, as well dysfunctional reflecting on matters and the self), and diminished self-affection (where the person has difficulty being "affected" by aspects of the self, experiencing those aspects as if they existed in an outer space), and have proposed how both primary and secondary factors may arise from dysfunctions in perceptual organization and multisensory integration. In a 2013 review, Mishara, et al., criticized the concept of the minimal self as an explanation for self-disorder, saying that it is unfalsifiable, and that self-disorder arises primarily from difficulty integrating different aspects of the self as well as having difficulty distinguishing self and other, as proposed by Lysaker and Lysaker: Ichstörung or ego disorder, as they say, in schizophrenia arises from disturbed relationships not from the "solipsistic" concept of the self as proposed by Sass, Parnas, and others. In his review, Sass agrees that the focus of research into self-disorder has focused too much on the self, and mentions attempts to look at disturbances in the person's relationship with other people and the world, with work being done to create an Examination of Anomalous World Experience, which will look at the person's anomalous experiences regarding time, space, persons, language, and atmosphere; he suggests there are problems with both the self and the world in people with self-disorder, and that it may be better conceptualized as a "presence-disturbance".Parnas acknowledges the Lysaker model, but says that it is not incompatible with the concept of the minimal self, as they deal with different levels of self-hood.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-disorder
Late adolescence and early adulthood are peak years for the onset of bipolar disorder.The condition is characterized by intermittent episodes of mania and/or depression, with an absence of symptoms in between. During these episodes, people with bipolar disorder exhibit disruptions in normal mood, psychomotor activity (the level of physical activity that is influenced by mood)—e.g. constant fidgeting during mania or slowed movements during depression—circadian rhythm and cognition. Mania can present with varying levels of mood disturbance, ranging from euphoria, which is associated with "classic mania", to dysphoria and irritability. Psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations may occur in both manic and depressive episodes; their content and nature are consistent with the person's prevailing mood. According to the DSM-5 criteria, mania is distinguished from hypomania by length: hypomania is present if elevated mood symptoms persist for at least four consecutive days, while mania is present if such symptoms persist for more than a week. Unlike mania, hypomania is not always associated with impaired functioning. The biological mechanisms responsible for switching from a manic or hypomanic episode to a depressive episode, or vice versa, remain poorly understood.The causes of bipolar disorder are not clearly understood, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Many genes, each with small effects, may contribute to the development of the disorder. Genetic factors account for about 70–90% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Environmental risk factors include a history of childhood abuse and long-term stress. The condition is classified as bipolar I disorder if there has been at least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes, and as bipolar II disorder if there has been at least one hypomanic episode (but no full manic episodes) and one major depressive episode. If these symptoms are due to drugs or medical problems, they are not diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Other conditions that have overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can rule out other problems. Mood stabilizers—lithium and certain anticonvulsants such as valproate and carbamazepine—are the mainstay of long-term relapse prevention. Antipsychotics are given during acute manic episodes as well as in cases where mood stabilizers are poorly tolerated or ineffective or where compliance is poor. There is some evidence that psychotherapy improves the course of this disorder. The use of antidepressants in depressive episodes is controversial: they can be effective but have been implicated in triggering manic episodes. The treatment of depressive episodes, therefore, is often difficult. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in acute manic and depressive episodes, especially with psychosis or catatonia. Admission to a psychiatric hospital may be required if a person is a risk to themselves or others; involuntary treatment is sometimes necessary if the affected person refuses treatment. Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1% of the global population. In the United States, about 3% are estimated to be affected at some point in their life; rates appear to be similar in females and males. Symptoms most commonly begin between the ages of 20 and 25 years old; an earlier onset in life is associated with a worse prognosis. Interest in functioning in the assessment of patients with bipolar disorder is growing, with an emphasis on specific domains such as work, education, social life, family, and cognition. Around one-quarter to one-third of people with bipolar disorder have financial, social or work-related problems due to the illness. Bipolar disorder is among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide and leads to substantial costs for society. Due to lifestyle choices and the side effects of medications, the risk of death from natural causes such as coronary heart disease in people with bipolar disorder is twice that of the general population. Also known as a manic episode, mania is a distinct period of at least one week of elevated or irritable mood, which can range from euphoria to delirium. The core symptom of mania involves an increase in energy of psychomotor activity. Mania can also present with increased self-esteem or grandiosity, racing thoughts, pressured speech that is difficult to interrupt, decreased need for sleep, disinhibited social behavior, increased goal-oriented activities and impaired judgement, which can lead to exhibition of behaviors characterized as impulsive or high-risk, such as hypersexuality or excessive spending.To fit the definition of a manic episode, these behaviors must impair the individual's ability to socialize or work.[ If untreated, a manic episode usually lasts three to six months.
In severe manic episodes, a person can experience psychotic symptoms, where thought content is affected along with mood. They may feel unstoppable, or as if they have a special relationship with God, a great mission to accomplish, or other grandiose or delusional ideas. This may lead to violent behavior and, sometimes, hospitalization in an inpatient psychiatric hospital. The severity of manic symptoms can be measured by rating scales such as the Young Mania Rating Scale, though questions remain about the reliability of these scales. The onset of a manic or depressive episode is often foreshadowed by sleep disturbance. Mood changes, psychomotor and appetite changes, and an increase in anxiety can also occur up to three weeks before a manic episode develops.[medical citation needed] Manic individuals often have a history of substance abuse developed over years as a form of "self-medication". Hypomania is the milder form of mania, defined as at least four days of the same criteria as mania, but which does not cause a significant decrease in the individual's ability to socialize or work, lacks psychotic features such as delusions or hallucinations, and does not require psychiatric hospitalization. Overall functioning may actually increase during episodes of hypomania and is thought to serve as a defense mechanism against depression by some. Hypomanic episodes rarely progress to full-blown manic episodes. Some people who experience hypomania show increased creativity, while others are irritable or demonstrate poor judgment. Hypomania may feel good to some individuals who experience it, though most people who experience hypomania state that the stress of the experience is very painful. People with bipolar disorder who experience hypomania tend to forget the effects of their actions on those around them. Even when family and friends recognize mood swings, the individual will often deny that anything is wrong. If not accompanied by depressive episodes, hypomanic episodes are often not deemed problematic unless the mood changes are uncontrollable or volatile.Most commonly, symptoms continue for time periods from a few weeks to a few months. People with bipolar disorder who are in a euthymic mood state show decreased activity in the lingual gyrus compared to people without bipolar disorder. In contrast, they demonstrate decreased activity in the inferior frontal cortex during manic episodes compared to people without the disorder. Similar studies examining the differences in brain activity between people with bipolar disorder and those without did not find a consistent area in the brain that was more or less active when comparing these two groups. People with bipolar have increased activation of left hemisphere ventral limbic areas—which mediate emotional experiences and generation of emotional responses—and decreased activation of right hemisphere cortical structures related to cognition—structures associated with the regulation of emotions. Neuroscientists have proposed additional models to try to explain the cause of bipolar disorder. One proposed model for bipolar disorder suggests that hypersensitivity of reward circuits consisting of frontostriatal circuits causes mania, and decreased sensitivity of these circuits causes depression. According to the "kindling" hypothesis, when people who are genetically predisposed toward bipolar disorder experience stressful events, the stress threshold at which mood changes occur becomes progressively lower, until the episodes eventually start (and recur) spontaneously. There is evidence supporting an association between early-life stress and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to its overactivation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Other brain components that have been proposed to play a role in bipolar disorder are the mitochondria and a sodium ATPase pump. Circadian rhythms and regulation of the hormone melatonin also seem to be altered. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for mood cycling, has increased transmission during the manic phase. The dopamine hypothesis states that the increase in dopamine results in secondary homeostatic downregulation of key system elements and receptors such as lower sensitivity of dopaminergic receptors. This results in decreased dopamine transmission characteristic of the depressive phase. The depressive phase ends with homeostatic upregulation potentially restarting the cycle over again. Glutamate is significantly increased within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the manic phase of bipolar disorder, and returns to normal levels once the phase is over. Medications used to treat bipolar may exert their effect by modulating intracellular signaling, such as through depleting myo-inositol levels, inhibition of cAMP signaling, and through altering subunits of the dopamine-associated G-protein.[81] Consistent with this, elevated levels of Gαi, Gαs, and Gαq/11 have been reported in brain and blood samples, along with increased protein kinase A (PKA) expression and sensitivity;[82] typically, PKA activates as part of the intracellular signalling cascade downstream from the detachment of Gαs subunit from the G protein complex. Decreased levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a byproduct of serotonin, are present in the cerebrospinal fluid of persons with bipolar disorder during both the depressed and manic phases. Increased dopaminergic activity has been hypothesized in manic states due to the ability of dopamine agonists to stimulate mania in people with bipolar disorder. Decreased sensitivity of regulatory α2 adrenergic receptors as well as increased cell counts in the locus coeruleus indicated increased noradrenergic activity in manic people. Low plasma GABA levels on both sides of the mood spectrum have been found.[83] One review found no difference in monoamine levels, but found abnormal norepinephrine turnover in people with bipolar disorder. Tyrosine depletion was found to reduce the effects of methamphetamine in people with bipolar disorder as well as symptoms of mania, implicating dopamine in mania. VMAT2 binding was found to be increased in one study of people with bipolar mania.
The typical elements of the Stosstrupp of the 1st Bavarian Landwehr Division: the town of Monhofen, trucks, prisoners, a crowd of soldiers...
Strangely the French collar numbers are concealed and I don't have a precise date so I haven't been able to identify this raid yet.
At least one of the French soldiers with "grenade" from the grenadiers. These elite soldiers were used as assault troops for patrols, raids but also counterattacks when German assault units were conducting raids.
No. 7
7.12.17 10.⁰⁰
Heute ohne Nachricht geblieben, dennoch will ich dir dein gewohntes Kärtchen dich nicht missen lassen. Bin gesund und hoffentlich auch du. Gute Nacht, Liebling, schlaf wohl und träume, wann der Friede kommt. Aber träume vom baldigen Frieden.
In Treue und Liebe
Dein Otto
xiphophilos 3mo
English translation:
No. 7
7 December 1917, 10 o'clock
Today I didn't receive any news (from you), still I don't want you to miss your usual postcard. I am healthy, and you hopefully too. Good night, darling, sleep well and dream when peace will come. But dream of a peace that comes soon.
In faithfulness and love
your Otto
REF: 30-50-9
Toute aide pour une identification précise serait appréciée.
Any help for identification will be much appreciated.
▌ À voir en grand ici ! • Please view it large here!
▌ Vous pouvez me suivre sur Twitter • You can follow-me on Twitter • @Tazintosh
▌ Retrouvez cette image sur mon blog • This picture is also visible on my blog
Rare insignia of the 208 Infantry Division. The precise unit is the Infantry Regiment 25. It turns out that 4 badges are known for this division. 3 classics and one that only appears to be in Drakegoodmann's collection.
These insignia are visible since January 1917.
Purchase with a direct offer immediately after the sale, I absolutely wanted to have this insignia.
Text (xiphophilos):
"Lieber Bruder
Die besten Grüße und Küsse aus Flandern sendet dir dein Bruder Jakob. Wie geht es bei euch? Hast du Fritz noch bei dir?
Nochmals Grus(s)
dein Bruder Jakob
Auf Wiedersehn
Dieses Bild ist sehr schlecht getroffen.
Wenn sich Gelegenheit bietet, lasse ich mir neu machen.
In ink:
Andenken an meinen Bruder Jakob"
English translation:
Dear brother
The best regards and kisses from Flanders is sending you your brother Jakob. How are things with you? Do you still have Fritz with you?
Again regards
your brother Jakob
See you again!
This picture turned out very badly.
When I have the opportunity, I have a new one made for myself.
In ink:
Memento of my brother Jakob
REF: 20-20-7
It´s difficult to believe that in this precise moment we have everything we need to be satisfied with our lives but I am learning that it can be possible.
To be honest, being in agreement with what is, has never been the strongest point of my personality. On the contrary, I always want more, I always want to achieve better things, improve myself and mend my life but even so (or maybe because this has been a heavy burden on me), I am starting to realize that regardless of what happens there is nothing that prevent me from feeling joy if I want to.
In fact, I have the power to accept and feel they joy. (...)
read more on my blog: myhealingmoments.blogspot.com.es/2013/11/day-365126.html
“ALAN B. SHEPARD JR.
Astronaut
(wearing U.S. Navy uniform)”
As expected, the relaxed grooming standard of the USN, and I assume, especially as applied to a Rear Admiral - who also happened to be the free-world’s first human in space & fifth man to walk on the moon - is glaringly evident.
I mean, look at the near ‘Elvis’ sideburns, let alone the hair touching the ears. And holding the frivolous white gloves, hand lightly grasping the sword, combination cap at the immediate ready…even a poorly displayed Precise Models LM…facing to the rear. It’s like a J. C. Penney catalog shoot. 😉
A fairly pronounced impression of a fold, extending up from the bottom of the photo paper & terminating immediately to the left of Shepard’s awards is visible when viewed under oblique illumination. Fortunately, there are no breaks in the emulsion.
The blind squirrel finds an acorn:
images.nasa.gov/details-S71-52263.html
I had no idea Shepard’s wife (Louise) passed away only five weeks after his death.
Continue to Rest In Peace both:
veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=340
Credit: "Veteran Tributes" website
valor.militarytimes.com/hero/56428
Credit: "The Hall of Valor Project" website
In a small town in the North East corner of Iceland ascends the Arctic Henge. The monument consist of four six meter tall gates and one ten meter high column. The gates function as a sundial, as they capture the sunlight and cast shadows on precise locations. They are inspired by the four cardinal dwarves of Norse mythology, Austri, Norðri, Suðri and Vestri, that befittingly face their namesake, east, north, south and west. These four dwarfs are acknowledged in the Prose Edda book, and assigned a role by Odin, the god of wisdom, to hold up the sky. In this piece the dwarfs are assigned an additional role, along with the sixty eight dwarfs mentioned in Völuspá and together they form a calendar. Old and new merges as the dwarfs, who all have rather peculiar names, are aligned together to form a chronological circle. This circle is based on their names which relate to the four seasons. Up until this point, the reason for mentioning these sixty eight dwarves in Völuspá has remained a mystery but their names have a clear connotation to the structure of the year. Theories aside, close to the Arctic Circle, the lighting in this remote part of the country is a natural phenomenon. The arctic henge is still under construction.
The Arctic Henge
Set in Raufarhöfn, one of the most remote and northernmost villages in Iceland where the Arctic Circle lies just off the coast, the Arctic Henge (Heimskautsgerðið) is under construction. Similar to its ancient predecessor, Stonehenge, the Arctic Henge is like a huge sundial, aiming to capture the sunrays, cast shadows in precise locations and capture the light between aligned gateways.
History
Heimskautsgerðið (The Arctic-Henge) has it s roots in the innovators Erlingur Thoroddsen’s speculations about the possibility of making use of the endless expanse with nothing on the horizon and the midnight sun.The idea to use the dwarf names from the eddic poem Völuspá (Prophecy of the Seeress) and modernize some aspects of the old world of the Sagas, soon became a part of these speculations. The first version of the idea is from 1998 but in 2004 it was finalized, with allusions to mythology and folklore, designed to interact with the unique natural light. The artist Haukur Halldórsson worked with Erlingur on the ideas for the Heimskautsgerði and made sketches and models that were useful in the work that followed.
No one has been able to explain the dwarfs in the Völuspá, apart from Austri (East), Vestri (West), Norðri (North) and Suðri (South), who carry the sky. By connecting the names of the dwarfs to the season, as for example Bjartur (Bright) Blíður (Sweet) and Svásuður (Gengle) to the summer, it is possible to fit the names of the dwarfs to a yearly circle of 72 weeks. The year-circle of the dwarfs becomes a kind of almanac, where each dwarf controls a five day period. All the dwarfs have been given a role and they have all have their own personalities. This means that the dwarfs can be connected to birthdays and people can connect to their personal dwarf.
Around this made up world rises the Heimskautsgerði (Arctic-Henge) on the Melrakkaás in Raufarhöfn. The Heimskautsgerði is around 50 meters in diameter, with 6 meter high gates that face the main directions. Between the gates is a high wall with a small opening at the top. Inside the circle stands 10 meter high column on four pillars. The column will be topped with cut prism-glass that splits up the sunlight unto the primary colors. The opening between the pillar look towards the main directions, so example the midnight sun can be seen from the south gate through the middle column and the north gate. The play of light and shadow will follow the time of the day. The openings on the wall will let in the sunrays so when the building is completed a sundial can be set up.
Inside the circle there will be 68 dwarfs who stand around a circular dwarf trail. Inside the trail will also be the polar star pointer, which does exactly what its name says. There you will eventually also be able to find the throne of the sun that is meant to be a place where the traveler can sit down to have his picture taken. Also a hall of rays, which is a sort of sanctuary between high columns, with one seat, where the guest can empty his mind an renew his energy. An altar of fire and water, that reminds us of the power of the elements, where events can be performed, for examples weddings, oath taking and so forth. However, as stated above, the Arctic Henge is still under construction. (arctichenge.is)
Digital capture; still life. An advertising piece for my studio portfolio.
I have wanted to throw some creative lighting on these gorgeous knives for a long time. The concept here is clean and metallic; get out of the food prep shots and into the sexy metal.
DAY: two hundred twenty-four / three hundred sixty-five
Currently, an acquaintance nicely provided me the Sigma 105mm f2.8 EX Macro lens to test.
I think he might have dropped it some time because I hardly get sharp images in comparison to my other lenses. Anyway, this one of the few shots I liked.
In future, I'm surely not going to buy lenses from other companies but canon.
you like my work? :)
Final image; of a fun day & night - three shows. They were
great! Precise and professional - Bravo - Little River Band
EPCOT ~ Spring 2018 ~ Orlando, Florida U.S.A.
2018 International Flower and Garden Festival
Little River Band is an Australian rock band, formed in Melbourne in early 1975. The group chose the name after passing a road sign leading to the Victorian township of Little River, near Geelong, on
the way to a performance. Little River Band enjoyed sustained commercial success in not only Australia, but also in the United States. During its career, the band sold more than 25 million records and achieved 13 U.S. Top 40 hits - to add to many awards gained in Australia. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th Anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. They were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association's Hall of Fame at the 18th Annual ARIA Music Awards in 2004. Great band!
***********************************************
Top 10 Little River Band Songs
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrXThXQegsY
"Cool Change" - Little River Band
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bKwRW0l-Qk
"Lady" - Little River Band (1978)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrnZv7fHGSE
"Take It Easy On Me" - Little River Band (1981)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFTzuWKR-qc
"Lonesome Loser" - Little River Band
www.youtube.com/watch?v=tf-AmedKfRc
"It's A Long Way There" - (all guitar licks)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDY4SvTKWJ4
*************************************************
*[The lead singer joked that you can walk into any
grocery-store and hear LRB music playing ... lol]
About LRB en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_River_Band
(seven more photos 'from this day' in the comments)
Perhaps no more than 1200 of these special issue cars were produced in 1955 and 1956. Approximately 75% of that total appeared in the 1955 model year. Precise numbers breakdown is impossible because Dodge Division considered the LaFemme as a trim option only, rather than a model distinction. The VIN reveals no special code.
The car was based on the top-of-the-line Custom Royal Lancer. Standard issue was a two-door hardtop only with a 2V 270 c.i.d. early Hemi engine. All were painted this same tu-tone way, in a special non-metallic enamel version of off-white and dusty medium pink.
The top of dash was standard flat black with a dash face painted pink. Steering wheels were not special. They were cost-conscious standard black and ivory plastic from the CRL line (but they should have had a pink/white theme).
A special pink rubberized plastic grommet cushioned the steering column where it contacted the bottom of the dash. Surprisingly, this small original pink detail is the one usually overlooked by counterfeiting restorers - a black grommet there usually means the car is not a factory original. Another authentic detail to watch for is the pair of bright metal brackets arranged in a slight "V'" formation at the rear of the seat backs where special storage compartments attached. Carpet is tight-loop pile black.
The 1955 seat and door panel upholstery was made of custom brocaide cloth using a stylized pink rose bud pattern, trimmed with pale pink vinyl. Some headliners were light pink while others used the same off-white that appeared in normal Custom Royal Lancers.
Behind the front seats were two formed-plastic compartments, attached as mentioned above. The compartments contained the elements of a "Glamor Package": a light rain coat, a rain cap, an umbrella, and a pair of light rubber galoshes... all in the established pink and rose bud pattern; plus a cosmetics make-up kit. All of this goofy glamor package was made of flimsy, inexpensive material. Not meant to last. Complete examples of this kit are extremely rare. And probably survived only because someone thought to stash them (new and unfolded) in an attic box. then forgot about them.
The standard LaFemme (just like any standard-issue Custom Royal Lancer) would then have come stupidly equipped with black-wall tires, plain wheel covers, standard manual 3-spd transmission with a column shifter, manual window controls and manual seat adjustment. Even the heater/defroster and the radio were considered options!
A 4V carb was optional, with dual exhaust. All the convenience and dress-up items were special-order options: 3"-wide-whitewall tires (bias-ply), 15" spinner wheel covers, power brakes, power steering, power seats, power windows, a two-speed automatic transmission with its dash-mounted shift selector, two kinds of AM radio (standard and deluxe pushbutton with station-seeking selector bar), rear speakers in the package tray, a 45 rpm record player (called Hi-Way Hi-Fi) that mounted in the glove box, and Air Conditioning. All on a pitifully weak 6-volt generator-battery system. A 12-volt system was not in production until 1956.
Unusual strategy since this was supposed to be THE car for the modern woman. The 1956 versions were all done in a light lavender/pink and a medium lavender two tone. Production was planned for 1957 but dropped before new models came out.
Dealers usually ordered at least SOME options for their showroom floor models. Keep in mind that in this era, buyers still often sat down with their dealer six months in advance of delivery to special order their cars.
This car shown came with optional 15 inch "spinner" wheelcovers often referred to as Lancer wheelcovers. They were available on all Dodge models but standard on none. They are a "MUST HAVE" dress-up item (without them, all '55 Dodges looked severely dowdy) . . . along with wide whitewalls, radials preferably. All Dodges and all Chrysler Corporation vehicles could have ordered a set of five 15" Kelsey-Hayes wire wheels.
FYI, accurate rose-bud upholstery is now being re-manufactured, but the inexpensive glamor accessories are long gone forever.
These cars could have been a better idea if the marketing people had first surveyed real women instead of just scratching their collective male heads in 1953 or 1954 when this idea surfaced. The LaFemme was not continued into 1957. Certainly by around 1960 or so, the marketing people learned that women did not need a car named "The Woman", in any language. There was not yet going to be a significant auto marketing niche for the upwardly mobile working woman. Most women were housewives then and were pleased to be making exterior paint color and interior fabric decisions about the new family car.
So much for the LaFemme. But uncommon sightings at today's car shows does make for intriguing conversation.
Get precise with it! Tag your photo #Precision and submit it to the Flickr Friday group pool. We'll publish a selection of our favorites next week on the Flickr Blog and in a Flickr Gallery.
Original photo by Mario Donati.
Unusual to find such a precise date on one of these little publicity or advertising recipe booklets but this has a date of 1929 and also has a gummed in slip showing the full range of Bird's 'Household Specialities' and a retail price list for 1930. Such booklets were commonplace marketing material for companies such as Bird's who were amongst the pioneers of 'ready made' or branded food products that were sold on the national market and that advertised heavily - a product of Victorian food technology, transport and newspapers.
Alfred Bird's origins were in invention of their still famous 'custard' powder that replaced the real thing with a dissolvable powder based on cornflour starch, colourings and vanilla flavours. They also made a wide range of similar baking and pudding 'specialities' as can be seen from the list. An old established Birmingham company now simply a brand of an international concern, their home city heritage is still to be found thanks to a re-use of the 'Custard Factory' and the survival of the railings that use the famous trilling bird motif seen here. This was first introduced in the 1920s by the company.
An infrared view of a laser-based test campaign – taking place at Redwire Space in Kruibeke, Belgium – which represents crucial preparation for ESA’s precision formation flying mission, Proba-3.
Later this year, two satellites will be launched together into orbit to maintain formation relative to each other down to a few millimetres, creating an artificial solar eclipse in space. Proba-3’s ‘Occulter’ spacecraft will cast a shadow onto the other ‘Coronagraph’ spacecraft to block out the fiery face of the Sun and make the ghostly solar corona available for sustained observation for up to six hours per 19.5 hour orbit.
However to maintain the position of a shadow just a few centimetres across on the Coronagraph satellite from the Occulter satellite around 150 m away, the two satellites rely on a suite of sensors, including intersatellite radio links, GNSS, visual imaging and – for the most precise positioning at closest range – a laser metrology (or ‘measurement of measurement’) system. This system will shoot a laser from the Occulter spacecraft toward a corner cube retroreflector placed on the face of the Coronagraph spacecraft for tracking of relative position and attitude (pointing direction), achieving millimetre precision.
“To calibrate Proba-3’s laser metrology system, its performance was tested within the 60-m long Redwire cleanroom,” explains Damien Galano, Proba-3’s mission manager. “The Coronagraph’s laser was reflected off a retroreflector and the resulting positioning measurements checked against absolute ‘ground truth’ using a separate laser tracking system.”
This mission is being put together for ESA by a consortium led by Spain’s Sener, with participation by more than 29 companies from 14 countries. The Proba-3 platforms have been designed by Airbus Defence and Space in Spain and satellite integration by Redwire in Belgium. GMV in Spain is responsible for Proba-3’s formation flying subsystem while its main coronagraph instrument comes from Belgium’s Centre Spatial de Liège, CSL. Proba-3 is due to be launched by PSLV-XL launcher from India in September.
Credits: ESA - M. Pédoussaut
A blast from the past. 22 years ago, to be precise.
No idea what we were doing or where we were going.....but wherever it was, I obviously intended to make a grand entrance. 😉
Hey, who's that little guy?? 😜
Verona (/vəˈroʊnə/ və-ROH-nə, Italian: [veˈroːna]; Venetian: Verona or Veròna) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 259,610 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in northeast Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona covers an area of 1,426 km2 (550.58 sq mi) and has a population of 714,310 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy because of its artistic heritage and several annual fairs and shows as well as the opera season in the Arena, an ancient Roman amphitheater.
Between the 13th and 14th century the city was ruled by the Della Scala Family. Under the rule of the family, in particular of Cangrande I della Scala, the city experienced great prosperity, becoming rich and powerful and being surrounded by new walls. The Della Scala era is survived in numerous monuments around Verona.
Two of William Shakespeare's plays are set in Verona: Romeo and Juliet (which also features Romeo's visit to Mantua) and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. It is unknown if Shakespeare ever visited Verona or Italy, but his plays have lured many visitors to Verona and surrounding cities. Verona was also the birthplace of Isotta Nogarola, who is said to be the first major female humanist and one of the most important humanists of the Renaissance. In november of 2000 the city has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its urban structure and architecture.
History
The precise details of Verona's early history remain a mystery along with the origin of the name. One theory is it was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to give it up to the Cenomani (550 BCE). With the conquest of the Valley of the Po, the Veronese territory became Roman (about 300 BCE). Verona became a Roman colonia in 89 BCE. It was classified as a municipium in 49 BCE, when its citizens were ascribed to the Roman tribe Poblilia or Publicia.
The city became important because it was at the intersection of several roads. Stilicho defeated Alaric and his Visigoths here in 403. But, after Verona was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 489, the Gothic domination of Italy began. Theoderic the Great was said to have built a palace there. It remained under the power of the Goths throughout the Gothic War (535–552), except for a single day in 541, when the Byzantine officer Artabazes made an entrance. The defections of the Byzantine generals over the booty made it possible for the Goths to regain possession of the city. In 552 Valerian vainly endeavored to enter the city, but it was only when the Goths were fully overthrown that they surrendered it.
In 569, it was taken by Alboin, King of the Lombards, in whose kingdom it was, in a sense, the second most important city. There, Alboin was killed by his wife in 572. The dukes of Treviso often resided there. Adalgisus, son of Desiderius, in 774 made his last desperate resistance in Verona to Charlemagne, who had destroyed the Lombard kingdom. Verona became the ordinary residence of the kings of Italy, the government of the city becoming hereditary in the family of Count Milo, progenitor of the counts of San Bonifacio. From 880 to 951 the two Berengarii resided there. Otto I ceded to Verona the marquisate dependent on the Duchy of Bavaria, however, the increasing wealth of the burgher families eclipsed the power of the counts, and in 1135 Verona was organised as a free commune. In 1164 Verona joined with Vicenza, Padua and Treviso to create the Veronese League, which was integrated with the Lombard League in 1167 to battle against Frederick I Barbarossa. Victory was achieved at the Battle of Legnano in 1176, and the Treaty of Venice signed in 1177 followed by the Peace of Constance in 1183.
When Ezzelino III da Romano was elected podestà in 1226, he converted the office into a permanent lordship. In 1257 he caused the slaughter of 11,000 Paduans on the plain of Verona (Campi di Verona). Upon his death, the Great Council elected Mastino I della Scala as podestà, and he converted the "signoria" into a family possession, though leaving the burghers a share in the government. Failing to be re-elected podestà in 1262, he affected a coup d'état, and was acclaimed Capitano del Popolo, with the command of the communal troops. Long internal discord took place before he succeeded in establishing this new office, to which was attached the function of confirming the podestà. In 1277, Mastino della Scala was killed by the faction of the nobles.
The reign of his son Alberto as capitano (1277–1302) was a time of incessant war against the counts of San Bonifacio, who were aided by the House of Este. Of his sons, Bartolomeo, Alboino and Cangrande I, only the last shared the government (1308); he was great as warrior, prince, and patron of the arts; he protected Dante, Petrarch, and Giotto. By war or treaty, he brought under his control the cities of Padua (1328), Treviso (1308) and Vicenza. At this time before the Black death the city was home to more than 40,000 people.
Cangrande was succeeded by Mastino II (1329–1351) and Alberto, sons of Alboino. Mastino continued his uncle's policy, conquering Brescia in 1332 and carrying his power beyond the Po. He purchased Parma (1335) and Lucca (1339). After the King of France, he was the richest prince of his time. But a powerful league was formed against him in 1337 – Florence, Venice, the Visconti, the Este, and the Gonzaga. After a three years war, the Scaliger dominions were reduced to Verona and Vicenza (Mastino's daughter Regina-Beatrice della Scala married to Barnabò Visconti). Mastino's son Cangrande II (1351–1359) was a cruel, dissolute, and suspicious tyrant; not trusting his own subjects, he surrounded himself with Brandenburg mercenaries. He was killed by his brother Cansignorio (1359–1375), who beautified the city with palaces, provided it with aqueducts and bridges, and founded the state treasury. He also killed his other brother, Paolo Alboino. Fratricide seems to have become a family custom, for Antonio (1375–87), Cansignorio's natural brother, slew his brother Bartolomeo, thereby arousing the indignation of the people, who deserted him when Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan made war on him. Having exhausted all his resources, he fled from Verona at midnight (19 October 1387), thus putting an end to the Scaliger domination, which, however, survived in its monuments.
The year 1387 is also the year of the Battle of Castagnaro, between Giovanni Ordelaffi, for Verona, and John Hawkwood, for Padua, who was the winner.
Antonio's son Canfrancesco attempted in vain to recover Verona (1390). Guglielmo (1404), natural son of Cangrande II, was more fortunate; with the support of the people, he drove out the Milanese, but he died ten days after, and Verona then submitted to Venice (1405). The last representatives of the Scaligeri lived at the imperial court and repeatedly attempted to recover Verona by the aid of popular risings.
From 1508 to 1517, the city was in the power of the Emperor Maximilian I. There were numerous outbreaks of the plague, and in 1629–33 Italy was struck by its worst outbreak in modern times. Around 33,000 people died in Verona (over 60 per cent of the population at the time) in 1630–1631.
In 1776 was developed a method of bellringing called Veronese bellringing art. Verona was occupied by Napoleon in 1797, but on Easter Monday the populace rose and drove out the French. It was then that Napoleon made an end of the Venetian Republic. Verona became Austrian territory when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio in October 1797. The Austrians took control of the city on 18 January 1798. It was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy, but was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, when it became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
The Congress of Verona, which met on 20 October 1822, was part of the series of international conferences or congresses, opening with the Congress of Vienna in 1814–15, that marked the continuing enforcement of the "Concert of Europe".
In 1866, following the Third Italian War of Independence, Verona, along with the rest of Venetia, became part of United Italy.
The advent of fascism added another dark chapter to the annals of Verona. Throughout Italy, the Jewish population was hit by the Manifesto of Race, a series of anti-Semitic laws passed in 1938, and after the invasion by Nazi Germany in 1943, deportations to Nazi concentration camps. An Austrian Fort (now a church, the Santuario della Madonna di Lourdes), was used to incarcerate and torture Allied troops, Jews and anti-fascists, especially after 1943, when Verona became part of the Italian Social Republic.
As in Austrian times, Verona became of great strategic importance to the regime. Galeazzo Ciano, Benito Mussolini's son-in-law, was accused of plotting against the republic; in a show trial staged in January 1944 by the Nazi and fascist hierarchy at Castelvecchio (the Verona trial), Ciano was executed on the banks of the Adige with many other officers on what is today Via Colombo. This marked another turning point in the escalation of violence that would only end with the final liberation by allied troops and partisans in 1945. After World War II, as Italy joined the NATO alliance, Verona once again acquired its strategic importance, due to its geographical closeness to the Iron Curtain.
The city became the seat of SETAF (South European Allied Terrestrial Forces) and had during the whole duration of the Cold War period a strong military presence, especially American, which has since decreased.
Piazza delle Erbe
Piazza delle Erbe (Market's square) is a square in Verona, northern Italy. It was once the town's forum during the time of the Roman Empire.
Piazza delle Erbe
The northern side of the square is occupied by the ancient town hall, the Torre dei Lamberti, the Casa dei Giudici ("Judges' Hall") and the frescoed Mazzanti Houses. The western side, the shortest one, features the Baroque Palazzo Maffei, decorated by statues of Greek gods. It is faced by a white marble column, on which is St. Mark's Lion, symbol of the Republic of Venice.
The north-western side occupies the site of the ancient Roman Capitol Hill, which looked towards the forum. Numerous of its buildings facing the square have maintained façade frescoes. On the southern side is the crenellated Casa dei Mercanti ("House of the Merchants", also known as Domus Mercatorum), now the seat of the Banca Popolare di Verona. Other buildings, the tall houses of the Ghetto, are reminiscent of medieval tower-houses.
The square's most ancient monument is the fountain (built in 1368 by Cansignorio della Scala), surmounted by a statue called Madonna Verona, which is however a Roman sculpture dating to 380 AD. Also historical is the capitello, dating to the 13th century, during which it was used for several ceremonies, including the oath of investment of the city's medieval podestà and pretors. Towards Via Cappello is another column, with a 14th-century
(Wikipedia)
Verona ist eine Großstadt in der Region Venetien im Nordosten Italiens. Sie hat 259.608 Einwohner (Stand 31. Dezember 2019) und ist Hauptstadt der Provinz Verona. Verona liegt an der Etsch etwa 59 m über dem Meeresspiegel am Austritt des Etschtals und der Brenner-Transitroute in die Po-Ebene. Seit 2000 gehört die Altstadt von Verona zum UNESCO-Welterbe.
Geschichte
Frühgeschichte
Die erste vorübergehende Besiedlung Veronas kann zwischen dem 11. und dem 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr. angesiedelt werden, wie Grabbeigaben und vereinzelte Keramikfunde belegen. Besiedelt wurde zunächst das linke Etschufer rund um den Colle San Pietro, an dem eine Furt auf die andere Flussseite führte. Erst mit dem 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. war der Hügel und seine nähere Umgebung erneut Ort einer festen Siedlung. Funde, die den Rätern, Euganeern und Cenomanen zugeordnet werden können, unterstreichen, dass die Siedlung an der Grenze verschiedener Kulturbereiche lag. Bereits römische Quellen hatten sich in dieser Richtung geäußert und Verona mit den genannten Völkern und Stämmen in Verbindung gebracht. Im 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr. tauchten die ersten römischen Siedler auf. Der Bau der Via Postumia 148 v. Chr. förderte die weitere römische Ansiedlung. Mit der Verleihung des latinischen Bürgerrechts an die Bewohner der Gallia cisalpina 89 v. Chr. wurde Verona zum Oppidum ausgebaut.
Mit der Verleihung der römischen Bürgerrechte unter Gaius Iulius Caesar wurde Verona 49 v. Chr. zum Municipium, was als offizieller Gründungsakt der Stadt angesehen wird. Mit der Ernennung erfuhr Verona auch einen radikalen städtebaulichen Schnitt. Lag das Zentrum des Ortes bis dahin am linken Etuschfer, wurde Verona nun am rechten Ufer innerhalb der Etschschleife neu angelegt und an der zur Po-Ebene offenen Seite mit Stadtmauern geschützt. Zwischen Etsch und den römischen Stadtmauern entstand bereits unter Kaiser Augustus die römische Stadt Verona, die bald über ihre Mauern hinaus wuchs. So wurde das gut erhaltene Amphitheater – die Arena von Verona – ein knappes Jahrhundert später bereits vor den Stadtmauern angelegt.
Im Vierkaiserjahr 69 n. Chr. entging Verona im Gegensatz zu Cremona der Verwüstung im Kampf zwischen den Legionen des Vespasian und den Legionen des Vitellius. Danach setzte bis zur Reichskrise des 3. Jahrhunderts eine friedlichere Phase ein. Der Usurpator Decius schlug hier 249 den Kaiser Philippus Arabs, Konstantin 312 den Pompejanus (Schlacht von Verona)
Während der Völkerwanderung wurde Verona 402 von den Westgoten unter Alarich bedroht. Zwar konnte Stilicho in der Schlacht bei Verona noch einen Sieg über Alarich erringen. Aber bereits 452 plünderten die Hunnen unter Attila die Stadt. Nach dem Sieg des Ostgotenkönigs Theoderich über Odoaker bei Verona 489 wurde die Stadt neben Pavia und Ravenna zur Residenz des Ostgotenkönigs, der später im deutschen Hoch- und Spätmittelalter zur Sagenfigur Dietrich von Bern stilisiert wurde. Aus dem Sagenkreis um Dietrich von Bern stammt auch der alte Name der Stadt: „Dietrichsbern“. Weiterhin war in alter Zeit die Bezeichnung „Welsch-Bern“ gebräuchlich (zimbrisch: Bearn). Im 5. und 6. Jahrhundert war Verona nicht nur Residenz der Ostgoten, sondern auch für den Langobardenkönig Alboin, bis es an das fränkische Reich kam.
Mittelalter und frühe Neuzeit
In der Folge der verheerenden Ungarneinfälle ab 899 in Oberitalien wurde die stark befestigte Stadt nach 900 Sitz einer Münzstätte, die zum Ausgangspunkt des Veroneser Währungsraums wurde. Ab 952 gehörte Verona zur Markgrafschaft Verona und damit zum Herzogtum Bayern und bzw. (ab 976) zu Kärnten. Erst zu Beginn des 12. Jahrhunderts wurde Verona selbständig und besaß eigene Stadtrechte. 1117 wurde die Stadt von einem Erdbeben getroffen, bei dem unter anderem Teile der Arena einstürzten. Die verheerenden Ausmaße, der von späteren Chronisten dargestellten Schäden, wurden in neueren Studien allerdings in Zweifel gestellt. Bei einem Stadtbrand 1172, ausgelöst durch Streitigkeiten zwischen Ghibellinen und Guelfen, brannten große Teile der Stadt ab. 1184 fand das Konzil von Verona statt.
m Kampf gegen Kaiser Friedrich I. stand Verona mit an der Spitze des Lombardischen Städtebundes. Darauf wurde es durch die Parteikämpfe der Adelsparteien, der Montecchi (Ghibellinen) und der San Bonifazios (Guelfen), erschüttert. Zu Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts bemächtigten sich die Ezzelini, die Beschützer der Montecchi, der Stadt. Nach dem Tod Ezzelinos III. da Romano (1259) wählten die Veroneser 1260 Mastino I. della Scala zum Podestà. Die Scaliger herrschten fortan 127 Jahre lang über Verona und erreichten unter der Signoria von Cangrande I. ihre höchste Blüte und unter seinem Nachfolger Mastino II. die größte territoriale Ausdehnung.
1387 fiel Verona nach der Vertreibung von Antonio della Scala durch Gian Galeazzo Visconti an die Mailänder Viscontis. Nach dem Tod Gian Galeazzos 1402 nutzten die Carrarersi aus Padua das entstandene Machtvakuum und nahmen die Stadt 1404 in ihren Besitz. Aber bereits 1405 beendete die Republik Venedig die Träume eines paduanischen Herrschaftsgebietes auf der Terraferma und Francesco II. da Carrara musste Verona an die Serenissima übergeben. Mit dem von einer Vertretung der Stadt am 24. Juni 1405 geleisteten Treueid gegenüber der Republik Venedig begann die venezianische Herrschaft. Letztere wurde 1509 nach der Niederlage Venedigs in der Schlacht von Agnadello unterbrochen und die Stadt von den kaiserlichen Truppen Maximilian I. besetzt. Nach dem Ende des Krieges der Liga von Cambrai fiel Verona 1517 wieder an Venedig.
1630 wurde die Stadt erneut von der Pest heimgesucht, nachdem die Bevölkerung von Verona bereits im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert von Pestepidemien dezimiert worden war. Der im März 1630 ausgebrochenen Epidemie fielen bis November des gleichen Jahres etwa 30.000 der 50.000 Einwohner zum Opfer. An dem vom Geschichtsschreiber Francesco Pona abgefassten Bericht über die Epidemie inspirierte sich später Alessandro Manzoni für sein Werk I Promessi Sposi.
Moderne
Nach dem von Napoleon Bonaparte bedingten Ende der Republik Venedig fiel Verona im Frieden von Campo Formio 1797 an Österreich; der vorherige, antifranzösische Aufstand der Veroneser zu Ostern wurde blutig niedergeschlagen. Unter österreichischer Herrschaft war die Stadt Teil des oberitalienischen Festungsvierecks (it.: Quadrilatero), das 1815 zur Verteidigung der habsburgerischen Besitztümer in Italien in den Orten Peschiera, Mantua, Legnago und Verona errichtet wurde. Der Ausbau zur Festungsstadt wurde zwischen 1833 und 1866 nach Plänen des Ingenieurgenerals Franz von Scholl vorgenommen. 1866 kam Verona als Ergebnis des Deutschen Kriegs nach dem Dritten Italienischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg zum Königreich Italien.
1882 wurde die Stadt an der Etsch von einer schweren Flutkatastrophe heimgesucht, bei der mehrere Gebäude vollkommen zerstört, fast 200 beschädigt und 3000 Menschen obdachlos wurden. Der nachfolgende Wiederaufbau prägt nach wie vor das Stadtbild entlang des Etschufers. 1913 wurde zum 100. Geburtstags von Giuseppe Verdi in der römischen Arena die Oper Aida aufgeführt. Aus dem überwältigenden Erfolg entstanden nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg die Opernfestspiele in der Arena von Verona.
Nachdem Verona bereits im Ersten Weltkrieg zum Ziel der österreichisch-ungarischen Luftstreitkräfte geworden war, wurde die Stadt im Zweiten Weltkrieg mehrmals von den Alliierten bombardiert. Im Herbst 1943 fand im Castelvecchio der erste Parteitag der neugegründeten Republikanischen Faschistischen Partei statt, die nach dem Sturz Mussolinis im Juli 1943 und dem Verbot der Faschistischen Partei im September des gleichen Jahres gegründet worden war. An gleicher Stelle fand im Januar 1944 der sogenannte Prozess von Verona statt. In dem Schauprozess wurden sieben ehemalige Mitglieder des Großen Faschistischen Rats, die in der Sitzung vom 24./25. Juli 1943 im Rom im Palazzo Venezia für die Absetzung von Benito Mussolinis als Oberbefehlshaber der italienischen Streitkräfte gestimmt hatten, wegen Hochverrats zum Tode verurteilt, darunter Galeazzo Ciano, der Schwiegersohn Mussolinis. Am 26. April 1945 wurde Verona im Rahmen der alliierten Frühjahrsoffensive befreit. Zuvor hatten die abziehenden deutschen Truppen noch sämtliche zehn Etschbrücken der Stadt, darunter die Römerbrücke Ponte Pietra sowie die Scaligerbrücke, gesprengt.
Heute ist die Stadt durch die Nähe zum Gardasee und zu Venedig ein beliebtes Ausflugsziel für Touristen und wirtschaftliches Zentrum der Region Venetien. 2000 wurde die Altstadt von Verona in die Liste des UNESCO-Welterbes aufgenommen.
Piazza delle Erbe
Historische Fassaden aus verschiedenen Jahrhunderten umgeben die Piazza delle Erbe, Marktplatz und Versammlungsort der mittelalterlichen Stadtrepublik. An der dem Durchgang zur Piazza dei Signori gegenüberliegenden Schmalseite des Platzes stehen der wuchtige, an römische Barockbauten erinnernde Palazzo Maffei von 1668 und der mittelalterliche Uhrturm Torre del Gardello aus dem 14. Jahrhundert. Davor ragt eine Marmorsäule mit dem geflügelten Markuslöwen empor. Die mittelalterlichen Bürgerhäuser der Casa dei Mazzanti mit ihren Fresken begrenzen den Platz nach Osten. Im Zentrum thront über einem antiken Brunnenbecken die schon bald nach der Errichtung im 14. Jahrhundert zum Symbol der Stadt gekürte „Madonna Verona“.
Von der Piazza delle Erbe sind es nur wenige Schritte zum Haus der Julia (Casa di Giulietta) mit dem berühmtesten Balkon der Literaturgeschichte. Für die Figuren in dem Schauspiel Romeo und Julia von Shakespeare gab es keine historischen Vorbilder und auch keinen Balkon der Julia. Der Balkon wurde in den 1930er Jahren nachträglich angebaut und war zuvor Teil eines Sarkophags. Was heute als Haus der Julia zur Besichtigung angeboten wird, ist immerhin der Rest eines großen palastartigen Baues, der im 14. Jahrhundert im Besitz der Familie dal Capello war, die mit den Capulets identifiziert wurde (Montagues und Capulets). Vor dem Umbau war das Haus allerdings als Gasthof und teils als Stall genutzt worden.
(Wikipedia)
This is the 50mm f3.5 macro lens for the Mamiya NC1000 and NC1000s cameras. Quite a rare lens, though becuase it only fits 1 camera (well two very similar cameras to be precise) it is not in high demend, which means it isn't worth very much despite being rare. I only had to pay about 40 quid on eBay for this example.
It is a nice and compact little lens to match the compact dimensions of the NC1000 camera.
As I've started shooting more with a Leica Q2 Monochrom, I need to spend some time learning to zone focus with this camera. The amount of travel of the focus ring on the Q2 cameras from around 2 meters to infinity is very short, so it's a little tricky to set a precise focus distance using the markings on the lens. I need more practice. These are some quick shots on a short walk to the supermarket using zone focusing. Just testing. I'll try to get more serious with this from tomorrow.
Traveling the beautiful country along the dreadful Norseman-Hyden Track in Western Australia. © Su Schaefer 2015
Signage at the (Norseman-side) start of the track. I love this sign and whoever made it and installed it. It is everything a sign should be: functional, accurate, precise.
With serrated mandibles, a female worker Leafcutter Ant slices a precise arc through a leaf (see following photo for more leafcutter activity).
Check out this super detailed artwork printed in engraving (intaglio) technique. Intaglio is really beautiful, one of the oldest and most precise printing technology that is used for passports or money printing. We will use this technology to print your stationery and business cards. #businesscard #printmaking #stationery #engraving #illustration #intaglio
Spiritual crises as the cause of paranormal phenomena, Paranormal phenomena seen in connection with clairvoyance, and Paranormal phenomena seen in connection with channeling).Symbols from the universal images are of a completely different character. They reproduce a much clearer, more precise and superior astral wholeness. It is from these symbols you can receive direct teachings about your spiritual development process.
When you have trained meditation and dream yoga in many years, a so-called divine being can visit you through a symbol from the universal images: Christ, Buddha, masters, teachers, angels. Note that these of course also can from the collective images – the difference is explained below:
Such a symbol is, as mentioned, a telescopying, a representing quintessence of the informationquantities, which the wholeness in a universal image contains. The divine being will in that way canalize information to you from the universal image, which, together with the whole of the universal vision, constitutes the dream-tracks and the songlines in the artwork of your life. The divine being (or other symbols from the universal images) will in that way help you to compose, to synthesize and interlock, what your inner thinker in the waking state has divided. But it is very important to understand that this nothing has to do with the channeling phenomenon, which belongs to the collective images. In order to receive help from a divine being you must be very close to enlightenment yourself. Our suffering, our painbody is, through the inner evaluating ego, which the painbody is constructed around, connected with the more dangerous dephts of the astral plane´s collective history, which also are a kind of dark, ancient inertia, which opposes any change of the ego (see my article The emotional painbody and why psychotherapy can´t heal it). That is also the reason why you, through therapy, can´t heal Man from the ground. In order to heal Man from the ground you need to go into a spiritual practice. It is only within the religions and their spiritual traditions they have knowledge and names for the more dark sides of the astral plane´s collective history. The West has very precisely called this factor the original sin. The East has called it negative karma. The concepts indicate, that the inertia projects beyond the personal history (growing up conditions, traumatic bindings, painful experiences etc.) and far down into the collective inherit-backgrounds of history (genes, environment, society-ideals, the archetypes and the primordial images of the dreams, fantasies, fairy-tales, myths, and finally: instincts inherited from the animals). It is a factor, which lies in the evolution itself, in the genes, in the collective subconcious, in the collectice history.
A mystical experience is happening when astral energies and content arrive to the consciousness, either from the collective images, or from the universal images. When energy and content arrive to the consciousness from the collective images, then this energy, and this content, will symbolize itself. This is due to, that the collective images are in a condition of vague, diffuse, astral oneness. What is coming from the collective images therefore contains a much greater width and depth than the limitary, relatively narrow and clear concepts and classes of the ordinary consciousness. The vague, wide contents and energies from the collective images are therefore growing narrower in the meeting with the consciousness. The symbol is this quintessence, this shortened, condensed form of expression of the vague, wide collective material. The other types of symbols are coming from the universal images, and therewith from reality and truth itself. All reality, which shall mirror itself in the superficial mind, will automatically symbolize itself. Again the symbol is a telescopying, a representing quintessence of the informationquantities, and the greater clarity, which are connected with reality. Symbols from the collective images reproduce a more vague, more imprecisely, but richer organic astral oneness. Symbols from the universal images reproduce a clearer, more precise and superior astral oneness. The more vague astral oneness, or the more precise astral oneness, shows itself in symbolic form in the dividing, separating structure of consciousness. This refers to the three forms of states the wholeness can be in: sleep, dream, awake. When the wholeness is sleeping, mountains are mountains and woods are woods. This is the reality of the ordinary consciousness (the Ego-consciousness). The ordinary consciousness can sleep in three ways: 1) the dark sleep, which is the Ego´s deep nightly sleep; 2) the grey sleep, which is the Ego´s nightly dreams and other dreams; 3) the light sleep, where the Ego is awake. The three forms of states the wholeness can be in, can also be described as the personal time, the collective time and the universal time. Furthermore it can be described as the personal history, the collective history and the universal history. Time and history constitute the structure under your thinking. This structure is also called the astral plane, or the astral world. It is a plane of existence postulated both by classical (particular neo-Platonic), medieval, oriental and esoteric philosophies and mystery religions. It is the world of the planetary spheres, crossed by the soul in its astral body, either through the dream state, or on the way to being born and after death, and generally said to be populated by angels, demons, spirits or other immaterial beings. The astral plane is connected with the so-called Akashic records. The Akashic records are a compendium of mystical knowledge encoded in a non-physical plane of existence: the astral plane. These records are described as containing all knowledge of human experience and the history of the cosmos. They are holding a record of all events, actions, thoughts and feelings that have ever occurred or will ever occur. Since my teenage years, I have had relationships with Beings of Light such as Jeshua, Michael, Sanat Kumara, Lady Portia, Amira, Maitreya, Sananda, the Great Crystal Master, the Dragon and many others. They instructed me in their conceptions that allowed me to prune my beliefs, to experience new knowledge. Thanks to their attention, I was progressing in my inner study. Taking advantage of their advice and encouragement, I went through the adversity I had encountered. During all this time, I carefully integrated their teachings without disclosing them, I applied them consciously in my daily life. Several times they told me, through mediums, that it was time for me to work with my fellow human beings. I would say "I, who have so many obstacles" and I would continue my studies with them. More than twenty years ago, Awakeness told me that I had the opportunity to read Akashic annals, I didn't know what it was. It took me a long time to get acquainted with the library of Nature where everything is recorded in every detail, from Creation to infinity. Today, I confess that I used this database in ignorance. Facts arose without my knowledge, I met more and more people in great difficulty, I offered them, anonymously, what I had received. One day, I was offered a book on Akashic annals. I knew the time had come to expose myself. The opportunity to concretize this new experimentation presented itself to me, through one of my friends who was experiencing an important annoyance. I said to him:"If you want I ask Akasha for teachings to give you solutions to your context". The impact of the explanation and the akashic vibration collected by Martine was immediate and spread throughout her home. His entourage was surprised by this change and asked him what had happened. She received the necessary answers to her family situation and also all the understandings that allowed her to find joy in sincere and harmonious relationships, which are still in force and spread to her household. Everyone watched and looked at the sufferings he was carrying in order to transform them. An information was transmitted to her by her husband, who had crossed the bridge of earthly life for the afterlife, which confirmed her to act on the decisions.
The Sanskrit term akasha was introduced to the language of theosophy through H. P. Blavatsky (1831–1891), who characterized it as a sort of life force; she also referred to "indestructible tablets of the astral light" recording both the past and future of human thought and action, but she did not use the term "akashic". The notion of an akashic record is attributed to Alfred Percy Sinnett, who, in his book Esoteric Buddhism (1883), wrote of a Buddhist belief in "a permanency of records in the Akasa" and "the potential capacity of man to read the same."By C. W. Leadbeater's Clairvoyance (1899) the association of the term with the idea was complete, and he identified the akashic records by name as something a clairvoyant could read. In his 1913 Man: How, Whence, and Whither?, Leadbeater claims to record the history of Atlantis and other civilizations as well as the future society of Earth in the 28th century.The Akasha is an “astral light” containing occult records, which spiritual beings can perceive by their “astral senses” and “astral bodies”. Clairvoyance, spiritual insight, prophecy and many other metaphysical and religious notions are made possible by tapping into the Akashic reacords. They are metaphorically described as a library. They can be accessed through astral projection, meditation, near-death experience, lucid dreaming, or other means. The Akashic records are the wholeness, and as mentioned: the wholeness can be in three states of spiritual awakening - sleep, dream, awake – which again can be described as the personal, collective and universal time (or history).
The reactions to experience of the entire animal kingdom, the aggregation of the thought-forms of a karmic nature (based on desire) of every human unit throughout time. Herein lies the great deception of the records. Only a trained occultist can distinguish between actual experience and those astral pictures created by imagination and keen desire. Since Wilhelm Haidinger discovered the phenomenon of the ‘brush’ which is named after him in 1844, there can be no doubt that human vision comprises an additional sense for the orientation of a so called polarised luminance. In this paper the physical conditions under which Haidinger’s Brush is to be observed in transparent or reflective media are described in detail. Furthermore it will be shown how Goethe’s work on ‘entoptic colour’, Steiner’s concept of the U-Region and modern physiological and natural science touch on a mutual ground that is to be characterised by Haidinger’s Brush appearing.Seen from a spiritual perspective, this instinctive survival strategi (the Ego) appears as a resistance, an invincible inertia: original sin, negative karma. You can´t, by therapeutic strategies, free the consciousness for its attachment to this inertia. You can therefore not dissolve or dilute or convert the original sin through therapy. Only the intervention of the Source (God, Christ, the enlightened consciousness) can basically help Man with a trancendence of the negative karma of the original sin. But in order to, that a human being should be able to receive this help from the Source (gift of grace), then this requires an eminently precise and profound preparation. And as part of this preparation serve the true spiritual practice within the religions
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The whole extent of circumstances which have its observation in common, distinguish it as a higher phenomenon among others, that it is the primary phenomenon of polarisation.Haidinger-Büschel als Urphänomen der Polarisationserscheinungen Albert Pröbstl.f Goethe’s Urphänomen, the ferreting out of the simplest,
archetypal concept which exhibits the characteristics of the complex whole and proceeding from the simple to the more composite. At this point, the similarity of Hegel’s method to that of Goethe is evident, except of course that the relevant complex whole is not to be understoodas a natural phenomenon but rather manifestations of Spirit, specificallyformations of consciousness. , this stream of impressions has to be surmounted, and grasped as
a whole. This holistic view is not attained by contemplation of the name or the idea of Nature, but on the contrary by contemplation of Nature itself and determination of the archetypal phenomenon, the simplest unit of a complex natural process. This insight is only the outcome of patient, attentive and delicate observation. Likewise, if a citizen of any social formation, recognizes as Absolute the guiding principle of his own activity, Hegel does not suppose that they see in that form of practice a finite manifestation of Absolute Spirit. That is an insight which becomes available only to the philosopher who looks back from the end of the journey of Spirit. Goethe and Hegel shared a common concern, not just for Truth, but for the Spiritual Community. One of the driving forces of Goethe’s science was to work out a practice and concept of science which would be accessible to participation by the entire people,something of which Hegel despaired. But there are obvious differences in the conception of the Deity as well. For Goethe, God is Nature, and insofar as he is engaged with Nature, it is the principle of his relation to Nature. Man is part of Nature, but he cannot understand his literary and social activities Pantheistically. For Hegel on the other hand, Spirit produces Nature and the human world of finite spirit, and out of them produces itself, but it is above all to human affairs that Hegel looks for his glimpse of the Deity. In the human world, Hegel gains insight into the absolute Absolute which manifests in each shape of consciousness. For Goethe we have a reified God/Nature; for Hegel we have Spirit. The crucial innovation made by Hegel is his use of the Triune structure of the concept which transcends the various dichotomies inherited from Kant whilst investing the concept with internal resources for self-mediation
A central element of Hegel’s view of the relation of man
to the Absolute, he appropriated from Goethe’s Romantic
science. Goethe’s Pantheistic conception of Urphänomen
was the single archetypal phenomena exhibiting the
essential features of some natural phenomena.
Recognition of the Urphänomen constituted a glimpse of
the Deity. Although the Urphänomen is specific to some
given complex, Goethe came to see in it a general
principle. Hegel appropriated Goethe’s idea of
Urphänomen, not unlike Herder’s Schwerpunkt, in the
Phenomenology, and transformed the archetypal norm of
a Gestalt des Bewußtseins into the Begriff of the Logic, as
an archetype of the Absolute. Expressed more generally, Goethe’s problem was this: how can we understand a complex process as a whole, as a Gestalt? Goethe rejected a
number of approaches which are characteristic of what he called ‘Newtonian’ natural science. He rejected the method of hypothesising some force or vibration or principle which controlled the complex whole from beyond the horizon of phenomena. Blavatsky said the akasha forms the ANIMA MUNDI and constitutes the soul and astral spirit of man. It produces mesmeric, magnetic, and psychic phenomena and is a component in all magical operations of nature.
Hegel polemicised along the same lines in the Logic. To say that people come to the city because the
city exerts a force of attraction explains nothing. Newton’s idea of acceleration being caused by gravity simply shifts the problem from understanding a form of motion sensuously given to us, to understanding an invisible and baseless force, known only through its expression for which it is supposed to be the explanation.The Urphänomen was Goethe’s solution to the problem of how to conceive of the whole.“... the Divine, which reveals Itself in Urphänomene, physical and moral, behind which it dwells, and which proceed from It” (To Eckermann, February 13 1829, quoted in Heinemann 1934)“This spiritual breath – it is of this that I really wished to
speak and that alone is worth speaking of – is what has
necessarily given me such great delight in Your
Excellency’s exposition of the phenomena surrounding
entopic colours. What is simple and abstract, what you
strikingly call the Urphänomen, you place at the very
beginning. You then show how the intervention of further
spheres of influence and circumstances generates the
concrete phenomena, and you regulate the whole
progression so that the succession proceeds from simple
conditions to the more composite, and so that the
complex now appears in full clarity through this
decomposition. To ferret out the Urphänomen, to free it
from those further environs which are accidental to it, to
apprehend as we say abstractly – this I take to be a matter
of spiritual intelligence for nature, just as I take that
course generally to be the truly scientific knowledge in
this field” (Hegel 1984: 698).New York: akasha (akasa) Im Eastern mysticism and oeculism, the all-pervasive lile principle or all pervasive space of the cosmos. The term akasha is derived from the Sanskrit term for 'sky." The akasha is known by various other names in Western occultism and MAGIC. In Hinduism, the akasha is the substance ether, a fifth element and the subtlest of all elements. The akasha per meates everything in the universe and is the vehicle for all life and sound. In yoga, the akasha is one of three unit versal principles along with prana, the universal life force, and creative mind. These three principles are immanent in all things throughout the universe and are the sources of magical and psychic power. From the akasha comes will, an important component of magic, which enables all man ner of feats to be accomplished. In Buddhism, is not ether but space, ol which there are rwo kinds. One is space that is limited by the material, from which springs the manifestation of the elements of nature. The second is space that is unlimited, unbounded by the material and beyond description. The concept of the akasha was inaroduced to Weslern occultism in the early 20th century by hel ena p blavat sky, founder of the theosophical society. Blavatsky said the akasha forms the ANIMA MUNDI and constitutes the soul and astral spirit of man. It produces mesmerie, magnetic and psychic phenomena and is a component in all magi cal operations of nature. Blavatsky compared the akasha to lhe "sidereal lighi" ol rosic rucianism, he asi ral light of iphas levi, and the odyle or odic lorce of Baron Karl von uivalent of the llebrew ruah, the Reichenbach is th in motion, or moving spirit and is identi- wind, breath, air cal with the spirit of God moving on the tace ol the waters described the akasha as incomprehensible. non-created, and undefinable. Akasha creates everything and keeps everything in bal it is the all in all.
Five arts was Goethe's method of transmuting his observation of human nature into sharable form. Drawing from his novel, Elective Affinities (Wahlverwandschaften), Goethe discerned a geheime Verwandschaft (hidden relationship) of parts that explains how one form can transform into another form whilst being part of an underlying archetypal form (Ur-phänomen). It is this organizing idea or form that guides the consideration of the parts; it is a Bild or virtual image that "emerges and re-emerges from the interaction of experience and ideas"[3] This consideration is a special type of thinking (noetic ideation or denken) carried out with a different organ of cognizance to that of the brain (mentation or sinnen), one that involves an act of creative imagination, what Goethe terms "the living imaginal beholding of Nature" (das lebendige Anschauen der Natur). Goethe's nature (natura naturans, the activity of "nature naturing" – as distinguished from natura naturata, "nature natured", the domain of naturally formed objects) is one in constant flux and flow, but nonetheless governed by law, logic and intelligence above the mind. To approach vital nature requires a different cognitive capacity (denken) and cognitive organ (Gemüt) from that used to perceive inert nature (sinnen based on the Intellect or Sinn).
Hegel goes on to speak of his philosophical appropriation of the Urphänomen: “But may I now still speak to you of the special interest that an Urphänomen, thus cast in relief, has for us philosophers, namely that we can put such a preparation – with Your Excellency’s permission – directly to
philosophical use. But if we have at last worked our
initially oyster-like Absolute – whether it be grey or
entirely black, suit yourself – through towards air and
light to the point that the Absolute has itself come to
desire this air and light, we now need to throw open the
window so as to lead the Absolute fully out into the light
of day” (Hegel 1984: 699).Leaf operculum alone all others as a blessing creativity, vitality, hope and madness and more !!! Akasha is the aura of the Earth. physically. All trace continues to exist in the akasha of the Earth, which made the Egyptians say that we can survive through supports representing us (statuettes, photos, engravings, icons) and that gives the feeling to certain peoples that being photographed traps the soul ... it's partly true but not definitively. At each new galactic hour (every 25 600 years in human years), a reset of the akasha takes place. The next is scheduled for December 21, 2012. Getting back to work can be a good thing. Pilgrims of Heaven, we are! Good day. The Astral is another name to refer to the psyche (radiation of thoughts and human emotions) and the energetic aura (electromagnetic radiation) of the Earth for me. Etheric means spiritual energy of the higher consciousness planes tand qu 'energetic' refers to terrestrial and human radiation. The Paradise are the high parts of the astral, in these circles of purity are the teachings of the Ascended Masters. There are also portals to other dimensions of life here, on Earth in the 3rd dimension we are calibrated by a heart rate, a lunar rhythm, a terrestrial electro magnetic energy and the frequencies of human thoughts and emotions. All these frequencies reduce us condense us, lower us. We live at best on the frequency of our stomach (self-enhancement individualism and competition at worst on the frequency of our gut (withdrawal on the family, devaluation of self for the benefit of the local collective, war to defend its territory against invaders, aliens, energy racism) And when one is underdeveloped socially, one is based on the root chakra, connected to the spirit of survival, leads to mistrust vis-avis humans, with the need to live outside without social constraints like solitary wild animals (sdf and marginality chosen)
1984 to 2011
For the majority of my charts I have attempted to visualise precise quantitive data that can be accurately measured, however I also wanted to explore how more subjective information can be represented. This graphic is a visualisation of my life to date and shows a range of activities and allows comparisons to made to my general mood at this time. Most of the information presented here still needs to be represented accurately so I have used line lengths to communicate this clearly. Happiness of course is something that can't be measures accurately so I have selected a method that shows this which is more subjective way. I have chosen the colours that I feel are most appropriate, yellow for happy and blue for miserable. Each red bar represents four weeks at Tesco, the length relates to the mean average number of hours worked per week in that period. Light work is shown as a light shade and more work as a darker one. The viewer is able to see how these activities relate to each other, for example after initially finishing University I worked more at Tesco, became depressed and returned to study for an MA.
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